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Programmed Learning

The document discusses different types of programmed learning including linear programming and branching programming. It explains the principles, features, types, and limitations of linear programming which presents material in small sequential steps. The document also covers branching programming which allows learners to choose answers and receive feedback through different question frames.

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Rukhsana Khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Programmed Learning

The document discusses different types of programmed learning including linear programming and branching programming. It explains the principles, features, types, and limitations of linear programming which presents material in small sequential steps. The document also covers branching programming which allows learners to choose answers and receive feedback through different question frames.

Uploaded by

Rukhsana Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B.P.S.I.T.T.

R KHANPUR
KALAN SONIPAT
SUB-TECHNOLOGY OF LEARNER AND LEARNING
TOPIC-PROGRAMME
LEARNING(DEFINATION,TYPES,METHODS)
SUBMITTED TO –MS.SUSHILA SHARMA(TEACHING
ASSISTANT)
SUBMITTED BY-AARZOO TOMAR
ROLL NO-14060281
Introduction
 The term Programmed learning has been coined from principles of

operant learning or conditioning developed at the psychological


laboratories on the basis of experimental studies conducted on
animals by B.F.Skinner of Harvard University. This concept was used
to development of self learning material or programmed learning and
teaching machines.
 B.F.Skinner and his companions had first started ‘programmed

learning’ in 1943
 B.F.Skinner published a paper entitled ‘Science of Learning
and art of Teaching’ . This paper leads the way for the
programmed instruction. He claimed that desirable behavior
can be brought out by continuous feed back.
 Thereafter, Sidney L.Pressey designed a teaching machine
for teaching purpose.
Meaning of Programmed Learning
Programmed instruction is the process of arranging the material to be

learned into a series of sequential steps that is from known to unknown.


------ Smith and Moore
Programmed learning is a method of designing a reproducible sequence of

instructional events to produce a measurable and consistent effect on


behavior of each and every acceptable students.
------ Susan Markle
Principles of Programmed Learning

• Principle of Small Steps

• Principle of Active Response

• Principle of Immediate Reinforcement

• Principle of self –Pacing

• Principle of Self Evaluation


Individualized Instruction

Logical Sequence of material (Small Steps)

Interaction between the learner and the programmed

Immediate Knowledge of results

Organized nature of Knowledge

Learners Own Speed (Self Pacing)


Constant Evaluation
• To help the students for learning by doing.

• To provide the situation to learn at his/her own speed.

• To help the student to learn without the presence of teacher.

• To present the mater in a logical manner.

• To study himself.

• To evaluate himself.

• To compare his/her answer with the key .


Linear Programming

• This was developed by B.F.Skinner and his associates.

• In this method the subject method will be divided into very


small steps each of which is called as frame.
• In each frame, the student to do something.

• After giving the answer for the question immediately he can


check whether his answer in correct or wrong

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Branching Programming

• This was developed by Norman, A. Crowder (1960) and it


was called as intrinsic programmed.
• In this method the subject should select the answer for the
question(Objective Type).
• If subject’s answer is correct he will lead to the next frame.
• If subject’s answer is wrong he will lead to the remedial
frame.
• After the remedial frame he will directed to the main
frame.
If Answer is Wrong

F1.1

If Answer is Correct

F1 F2
Types of Linear Programming
• Construct response
• Multiple choice type
• Conventional chaining
• Skip linear
• Criterion Frames
• Egrule system
• Rulge system
Features of Linear Programming
• Linear Arrangement
• Small Steps
• Controlled Responses
• Active Responding
• Immediate Feedback
• Prompting
• Self- Pacing
• Simple Mechanism
• Minimum error
Limitation of Linear Programming

• Lack of Motivation
• No Freedom of choice
• No development of discriminative power
• No student centered
• No specific role of teacher
• Difficulty in finding background
Branching Programming
Basic Assumptions:-
 Needs of the learner
 Meaningful units
 New material
 Traditional Methods
 No hindrance by errors
 Multiple choice items
 Sufficient freedom
Features Of Branching Programming

A. Based on traditional tutorial method


B. Larger frame
C. Multiple choice questions
D. Alertness of learners
E. Easier to develop frames
F. Teaching and instruction
G. Psychological and social motivation
Limitations Of Branching Programming
Guessing
Difficulty in multiple choice questions
Difficulty in arranging the Branching Programme
 Not Suitable for small children
Costly
No suitable feedback
Programmer’s immagination

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