Male and Female Contraception Methods
Male and Female Contraception Methods
Male and Female Contraception Methods
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INTRODUCTION
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Many elements need to be considered by women, men, or couples at any given point in their
lifetimes when choosing the most appropriate contraceptive method. These elements include
safety, effectiveness, availability (including accessibility and affordability), and acceptability.
Voluntary informed choice of contraceptive methods is an essential guiding principle, and
contraceptive counseling, when applicable, might be an important contributor to the successful
use of contraceptive methods.
In choosing a method of contraception, dual protection from the simultaneous risk for HIV and
other STDs also should be considered. Although hormonal contraceptives and IUDs are highly
effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not protect against STDs, including HIV. Consistent
and correct use of the male latex condom reduces the risk for HIV infection and other STDs,
including chlamydial infection, gonococcal infection, and trichomoniasis.
Hormonal Methods
HUMAN REPRODUCTION Instructor: JOHN PAUL V. VERZO, LPT
Implant—The implant is a single, thin rod that is inserted under the skin of
a women’s upper arm. The rod contains a progestin that is released into the
body over 3 years. Typical use failure rate: 0.1%.
Progestin only pill—Unlike the combined pill, the progestin-only pill (sometimes called the
mini-pill) only has one hormone, progestin, instead of both estrogen and progestin. It is
prescribed by a doctor. It is taken at the same time each day. It may be a good option for
women who can’t take estrogen. Typical use failure rate: 7%
Barrier Methods
Diaphragm or cervical cap—Each of these barrier methods are placed
inside the vagina to cover the cervix to block sperm. The diaphragm is shaped
like a shallow cup. The cervical cap is a thimble-shaped cup. Before sexual
intercourse, you insert them with spermicide to block or kill sperm. Visit your
Sponge—The contraceptive sponge contains spermicide and is placed in the vagina where it
fits over the cervix. The sponge works for up to 24 hours, and must be left in the vagina for at
least 6 hours after the last act of intercourse, at which time it is removed and discarded.
Typical use failure rate: 14% for women who have never had a baby and 27% for women who
have had a baby.
Male condom—Worn by the man, a male condom keeps sperm from getting
into a woman’s body. Latex condoms, the most common type, help prevent
pregnancy, and HIV and other STDs, as do the newer synthetic condoms.
“Natural” or “lambskin” condoms also help prevent pregnancy, but may not
provide protection against STDs, including HIV. Typical use failure rate:
13%.1 Condoms can only be used once. You can buy condoms, KY jelly, or
water-based lubricants at a drug store. Do not use oil-based lubricants such as massage oils,
baby oil, lotions, or petroleum jelly with latex condoms. They will weaken the condom, causing
it to tear or break.
For women who have recently had a baby and are breastfeeding, the
Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) can be used as birth control when
three conditions are met: 1) amenorrhea (not having any menstrual periods
after delivering a baby), 2) fully or nearly fully breastfeeding, and 3) less than
6 months after delivering a baby. LAM is a temporary method of birth control,
and another birth control method must be used when any of the three
conditions are not met.
Copper IUD—Women can have the copper T IUD inserted within five days of
unprotected sex.
Emergency contraceptive pills—Women can take emergency contraceptive
pills up to 5 days after unprotected sex, but the sooner the pills are taken, the
better they will work. There are three different types of emergency
contraceptive pills available in the United States. Some emergency contraceptive pills are
available over the counter.
LEARNING
REFLECTION
In your opinion, which method is the worst of all in this discussion? Why? Which is
best for your community? Why?
References
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C4. CRITICAL THINKING
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1. Trussell J, Aiken ARA, Micks E, Guthrie KA. Efficacy, safety, and personal
considerations. In: Hatcher RA, Nelson AL, Trussell J, Cwiak C, Cason P, Policar
MS, Edelman A, Aiken ARA, Marrazzo J, Kowal D, eds. Contraceptive
technology. 21st ed. New York, NY: Ayer Company Publishers, Inc., 2018.
2. Peragallo Urrutia R, Polis CB, Jensen ET, Greene ME, Kennedy E, Stanford
JB. Effectiveness of fertility awareness-based methods for pregnancy
prevention: A systematic reviewexternal icon. Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:591-
604.
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