IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

7, Issue 04, 2019 | ISSN (online): 2321-

0613

Fabrication of Air Brake System using the Application of Exhaust Gas in

IC Engines
Nakul Gayali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
Abstract— The purpose of this project named “Fabrication piston such as upstroke and down stroke due to this
Of Air Brake System Using the Application of Exhaust movement it will convert the chemical energy in power.
Gas in IC Engines” is to diminish the workload of the
engine drive to operate the air compressor, because in the
proposed model, instead of air brake the exhaust gas is
used to operate brake plate. The two stroke petrol engine is 1) Fuel Tank:
employed during this exhaust gas braking system, as a A fuel tank should be made up of plastic and it should be
result of petrol engine produces less impurities than diesel safe for flammable fluid. Plastic fuel tank must avoid
engine. This can be performed on diesel engine but with leakages and limit evaporation emission.
appropriate design. In exhaust gas braking system exhaust 2) Exhaust Gas:
gas from the engine is stored in especially pneumatic tank. In this proposed model the exhaust gas system used to
Exhaust gas pressure is used to operate the pneumatic discharge exhaust gas into atmosphere. The exhaust pipe
cylinder and brake plate. Filters and dryer are used to should be design properly to carry toxic exhaust gasses
remove impurities and moisture and then it is allowed to such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen
store in the tank. Pressure relief valve is employed to attain oxide (N2). It should be heat-resistant.
specific pressure in tank and helps to avoid damage in tank Exhaust gas can be pass through a catalytic
as well as in engine. converter to decrease air pollution and a muffler in (North
Keywords: DC Compressor, Two Stroke Petrol Engine, America) /silencer (UK, India) to diminish noise pollution
Exhaust Gas, Exhaust Gas, Pressure Relief Valve in atmosphere.
A study in 2013 by MIT indicated that 53000
I. INTRODUCTION deaths occurs per year in US because of vehicle emission.
Due to the development of roads, highways, organizations, The exhaust gas contains largest a part of most combustion
velocity of vehicles increased, because of which the safety gases that’s N2 (Nitrogen), H2O (Water vapor), CO2
of driver has diminished. We waste almost 60 percent of (Carbon di oxide). These are not toxic though CO2 led to
energy as heat. In heavy goods transportation the braking global warming. The toxic ones are CO (Carbon monoxide)
load of vehicle increases because of which primary brake and hydrocarbon CxHy because of incomplete combustion.
system is definitely overloaded and might be broken by The exhaust gases which discharged by engine to
overheating, which leads to failure in brake. Latest vehicles atmosphere can affect human being and animals health.
are built-up with hybrid system to preserves the non- The effect of inhaling exhaust gases or Air bone led to
renewable energy sources. asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular issues, premature death
The hand brake system is used in both emergency because of size of air bone particles and they can puncture
conditions as well as parking condition. If the primary the deepest part to lungs.
Braking system fails then the hand brake can be Exhaust gas temperature gauge is used to measure
used to stop the vehicles in emergency condition. This the exhaust gas temperature of an IC engine in conjunction
model proposed both functions of primary air brake system with a thermocouple type pyrometer. By measuring exhaust
such as exhaust gas braking and also during emergency gas temperature the driver gets an idea of the vehicle air
condition. Exhaust gas braking will going to be helpful to fuel ratio.
stop the vehicles. B. Turbine and Dynamo:
High power with magnitude relation and less The function of turbine is to rotate, here we are placing
moving parts of 2 stroke petrol engine. Scrutiny to the price turbine in path of exhaust gas because of which it will start
two stroke engine is used in the proposed model. This rotating and which will rotate the dynamo as well. Dynamo
brakes uses exhaust pressure that improves the potency of meter is a device which converts kinetic energy into
engine compare to default air brake system. electric energy.

II. EQUIPMENTS USED C. Dryer:

The function of dryer in this proposed model is to dry the
A. Two Stroke Petrol Engine
moisture contain in the atmospheric air. So, that it will
The mechanical simplicity, light weight and high power to protect air tank and others from rusting.
weight quantitative relation and it completes full cycle in
every two stroke of the piston whereas in four stroke petrol D. Pneumatic Cylinder (Double Acting Single Piston):
engine piston travels four stroke so the two stroke petrol It consist of a cylinder in which the piston with single
engine is used in proposed model. The fuel tank will piston rod and reciprocate, similarly to single acting
supply the pressurized gas in an engine and by the stroke of cylinder. The bore is highly finished surface having closed
tolerances. There are two ports A and B. The pressurized
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fluid enter through port A due to pressure force created by pneumatic cylinder hence the brake is applied. When the
fluid A piston moves from left death center (LDC) to right pneumatic cylinder is initiated, brake plate is operated and
death center (RDC). When piston reaches to RDC flow applies the brake to the wheels.
through port A stops.
Fabrication of Air Brake System using the Application of Exhaust Gas in IC Engines
(IJSRD/Vol. 7/Issue 04/2019/117)

Now, pressurized fluid start entering port B, due to

pressure force created by fluid it moves from RDC to V. CONCLUSION
LDC. During this the fluid flows back to port A, and In this proposed model we obtained that the brake is
process continues. applied with help of engine exhaust gasses from two stroke
E. Solenoid Valve: petrol engine, It improves the efficiency of engine
compared to previous air brake system. This also reduced
It is electro mechanical valve which used to control flow of
the cost involved in the setup.it also helps to reduce the air
liquid or gas it converts the electrical signal from control
pollution by using the air filter. This can be further study
unit to mechanical movement of plunger to allow the flow
on diesel engine but with the improvement in design.
inside of valve. There are two chambers separated by
plunger when it get electric signal, the magnetic force is
produced inside because of which the plunger get attracted REFERENCES
towards the magnetic force and valves opens. [1] Srivatsan Ramarathnam, “Development of a model for
F. Control Unit: an air brake system with leaks”, (est.al)-2003.
[2] C.L. Bowlin, “Pressure control scheme for air brakes
Control unit is a part of CPU that directs the operation of
in commercial vehicle”. Apr 2006.
processors, it tells the computer memory, arithmetic/logic
unit and input output devices how to responds to programs. [3] Caiazzo, Fabio; Ashok, Akshay; Waitz, Ian A.; Yim,
It operates unit by providing timing and design. In this Steve H.L.; Barrett, Steven R.H. (November 2013).
proposed model CU operates the solenoid valves. "Air pollution and early deaths in the United States.
Part I: Quantifying the impact of major sectors in
2005". Atmospheric Environment. Elsevier. 79: 198–
208.
[4] Pulkrabek W.W., “Engineering Fundamentals of the
Internal Combustion Engine. Pearson Prentice Hall,
new Jersey”, 2004.
[5] Cengel, Yunus A., and Michaeul A. Boles.
“Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 7th
Edition ed” New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 2012.
Fig. 1: Assembly of Fabrication of Air Brake System

III. USING THE APPLICATION OF EXHAUST GAS IN IC

ENGINES
SR. SR.
PART NAME PART NAME
No No
Two Stroke Petrol
1 7 Air Tank
Engine
2 Silencer 8 Solenoid Valve
3 Dryer 9 Frame
Turbine and Pneumatic
4 10
Dynamo Cylinder
5 DC Compressor 11 Braking plate
6 Battery 12 Wheel
13 Fuel Tank
IV. WORKING
A two stroke petrol engine powered by petrol produces
exhaust gas in 2nd stroke this exhaust gas is then passes
through silencer, here we have placed the turbine in path,
Depending on the flow the turbine starts rotating because
of which dynamo which is inside the turbine also starts
rotating. Dynamo meter is a device which converts kinetic
energy into electric energy. Thus, the power generated
through dynamo is stored in battery. This power is supplied
to DC compressor. Compressor is a device which
compresses the atmospheric air and stored it into the tank.
Before this the dryer is used to dry moisture in the air.
Now, when the brake is applied/pressed the 5/2 solenoid
valve is initiated and it allow the air to actuates the
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