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Hydrology, Irrigation and Flood Management L4/T1 (Civil Engineering Department)

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. Calculate monthly consumptive use (Cu) using Blaney-Criddle equation for each month 2. Sum the total Cu for the year = 124.0477238 cm 3. Effective rainfall = 80% of total rainfall = 80% of 558 mm = 446 mm 4. Consumptive irrigation requirement (CIR) = Total Cu - Effective rainfall = 124.0477238 cm - 446 mm = 124.0477238 - 44.6 cm = 79.4477238 cm 5. Field area = 500 ha = 500,000 sqm 6. Application efficiency = 50% 7. Required irrigation water =

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Mirza Md. Nazmus Sakib
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30 views

Hydrology, Irrigation and Flood Management L4/T1 (Civil Engineering Department)

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. Calculate monthly consumptive use (Cu) using Blaney-Criddle equation for each month 2. Sum the total Cu for the year = 124.0477238 cm 3. Effective rainfall = 80% of total rainfall = 80% of 558 mm = 446 mm 4. Consumptive irrigation requirement (CIR) = Total Cu - Effective rainfall = 124.0477238 cm - 446 mm = 124.0477238 - 44.6 cm = 79.4477238 cm 5. Field area = 500 ha = 500,000 sqm 6. Application efficiency = 50% 7. Required irrigation water =

Uploaded by

Mirza Md. Nazmus Sakib
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WRE 451

Hydrology, Irrigation and Flood Management


L4/T1 (Civil Engineering Department)

Badal Mahalder, PhD


Assistant Professor, WRE, BUET

Lecture 6: Consumptive Use and Irrigation Water Requirements


Date: June 02, 2021
Terminologies
Irrigation Efficiency:

Water Distribution Efficiency:


𝑑
𝜂𝑑 = 1 −
𝐷

where D = mean depth of water stored during irrigation


d = average of the absolute values of deviations from the mean.

If the depth of water penetration at five points in a field is 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.5 m, how
can we calculate the distribution efficiency?
Consumptive Use
Consumptive Use:

• For a crop, the total amount of water used in transpiration and evaporation
in any specified time. Denoted as Cu
• Varies for different crops.
• It can vary throughout a day, month or crop period.
• It is being used to determine the irrigation requirement.

Effective Rainfall:

• Amount of precipitation available to meet the evapotranspiration of a crop.


Denoted by Re.
Terminologies
Consumptive Irrigation Requirement (CIR):

• Amount required to meet the evapotranspiration during full growth period.

CIR = Cu – Re.

Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR):

• Amount of irrigation water required to meet not only the evapotranspiration


but other (e.g., leaching)

NIR = Cu – Re + water lost as percolation


Problem
After how many days, will you supply water to soil in order to ensure efficient irrigation of the given crop if:
i) Field capacity of soil = 28%
ii) Permanent wilting point = 13%
iii) Dry density of soil = 13 gm/cc
iv) Effective root zone depth = 70 cm
v) Daily consumptive use = 12 mm
Problem
Problem
From a stream, 130 l/s was diverted to an irrigation canal and 100 l/s was delivered to an irrigation field
(1.6 ha), which was being irrigated for 8 hours. The effective root zone depth was 1.7m. The runoff loss
in the field was 420 m3. The depth of water penetration varied linearly from 1.7 m at the head of the
field to 1.1 m at the tail end. Available moisture holding capacity of the soil is 20 cm/m depth of soil.
Calculate: i) conveyance efficiency, ii) application efficiency, iii) storage efficiency, and iv) distribution
efficiency. Assume, irrigation was started at a moisture extraction level of 50% of the available moisture.
Problem
Problem
Consumptive Use
Estimation of Consumptive Use:

• Blaney-Criddle Equation
• Hargreaves Class A Pan Evaporation Method
• Penman’s Equation

These are indirect measurement methods.


Blaney-Criddle Equation
The monthly consumptive use is given by:

𝑘. 𝑝
𝐶𝑢 = 18𝑡 + 32
40

where,
Cu = Monthly consumptive use in cm
k = Crop factor, under the environmental conditions of the particular area
t = Mean monthly temperature in oC
p = Monthly percent of annual day light hours that occur during the period
𝑝
If, 1.8𝑡 + 32 is represented by f, we get
40
𝑝
𝐶𝑢 = 𝑘𝑓 If t is in oF, 𝑓 = 1.8𝑡
40
Blaney-Criddle Equation

• It has been widely used for estimating seasonal water requirements all over the
world.
• However, the k based estimation is found too low for short periods between
irrigations.
• Therefore, the modified equation is: 𝐶𝑢 = 𝑘 σ 𝑓
• The value of crop factor should be determine for each crop at different place.
• Crop factor information is not available for our country (possible research area)
• Some factors i.e. humidity, wind velocity, elevation etc. are not considered.
• In subcontinent, this method is not widely used.
Problem
Determine the volume of water required to be diverted from the head works to the irrigation field (500 ha)
using the following data. Assume 80% as the effective precipitation to take care of the consumptive use of
the crop. Also assume 50% efficiency of water application in the field and 75% as the conveyance efficiency.

o
Month Temp F Sunshine hour Rainfall (mm) Crop Factor (k)
June 70.8 9.9 75 0.8
July 74.4 10.2 108 0.85
August 72.8 9.6 130 0.85
September 71.6 8.4 115 0.85
October 69.3 7.86 105 0.65
November 55.2 7.25 25 0.65
December 47.1 6.42 0 0.6
January 48.4 8.62 0 0.6
February 53.9 9.95 0 0.65
March 60 8.84 0 0.7
April 62.5 8.86 0 0.7
May 67.4 9.84 0 0.75
Problem

Month o Sunshine hour Rainfall (mm) Crop Factor (k) Cu


Temp F
June 70.8 9.9 75 0.8 14.0184
July 74.4 10.2 108 0.85 16.1262
August 72.8 9.6 130 0.85 14.8512
September 71.6 8.4 115 0.85 12.7806
October 69.3 7.86 105 0.65 8.8513425
November 55.2 7.25 25 0.65 6.50325
December 47.1 6.42 0 0.6 4.53573
January 48.4 8.62 0 0.6 6.25812
February 53.9 9.95 0 0.65 8.71495625
March 60 8.84 0 0.7 9.282
April 62.5 8.86 0 0.7 9.690625
May 67.4 9.84 0 0.75 12.4353

Sum 558 124.0477238


Problem

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