GATE 2020

Production and
Industrial Engineering

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Questions and Solutions

Date of Exam : 1/2/2020

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

SECTION A : GENERAL APTITUDE

Q.1 Select the word that fits the analogy :
White : Whitening : : Light : _____
(a) Enlightening (b) Lightening
(c) Lightning (d) Lighting

Ans. (b)
End of Solution

Q.2 In one of the greatest innings evern seen in 142 years of Test history, Ben Stokes upped
the tempo in a five-and-a-half hour long stay of 219 balls including 11 fours and 8 sixes
that saw him finish on a 135 not out as England squared the five-match series.
Based on their connotations in the given passage, which one of the following means
DOES NOT match?
(a) saw = resulted in (b) upped = increased
(c) tempo = enthusiasm (d) squared = lost

Ans. (d)
End of Solution

Q.3 Climate change and resilience deal with two aspects – reduction of sources of non-
renewable energy resources and reducing vulnerability of climate change aspects. The
terms ‘mitigation’ and ‘adaptation’ are used to refer to these aspects, respectively.
Which of the following assertions is best supported by the above information?
(a) Adaptation deals with actions taken to combat green-house gas emissions.
(b) Mitigation deals with consequences of climate change.
(c) Adaptation deals with causes of climate change.
(d) Mitigation deals with actions taken to reduce the use of fossil fuels.

Ans. (d)
End of Solution

Q.4 It was estimated that 52 men can complete a strip in a newly constructed highway
connecting cities P and Q in 10 days. Due to an emergency, 12 men were sent to another
project. How many number of days, more than the original estimate, will be required
to complete the strip?
(a) 5 days (b) 10 days
(c) 13 days (d) 3 days

Ans. (d)
52 men can do in 10 days.
Since 12 men were sent out
Remaining men left = 52 – 12 = 40
We know M1D1 = M2D2
52 × 10 = 40 × x

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

52 × 10
x= = 13 days
40
Total number of days taken = 13 days
3 days more than the original estimate.
End of Solution

Q.5 The recent measures to improve the output would _____ the level of production to our
satisfaction.
(a) speed (b) equalise
(c) decrease (d) increase

Ans. (d)
End of Solution

Q.6 An engineer measures THREE quantities X, Y and Z in an experiment. She finds that
they follow a relationship that is represented in the figure below : (the product of X and
Y linearly varies with Z)

(XY)

Z
O

Then, which of the following statements is FALSE?

(a) For fixed Z; X is proportional to Y
XY
(b) is constant
Z
(c) For fixed X; Z is proportional to Y
(d) For fixed Y; X is proportional to Z

Ans. (a)
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.7 Find the missing element in the following figure :

t h

? x

(a) w (b) e
(c) y (d) d

Ans. (d)
This is the log i.e. (n = 4)
5 + 4=9
t = 20, x = 24
20 + 4 = 24
Similarly, h=8
Case-1: 8 + 4 = 12(l)
? + 4=8
? = 4 (d)
End of Solution

Q.8 There are five levels {P, Q, R, S, T} in a linear supply chain before a product reaches
customers, as shown in the figure :

P Q R S T Customers
At each of the five levels, the price of the product is increased by 25%. If the product
is produced at level P at the cost of Rs. 120 per unit, what is the price paid (in rupees)
by the customers?
(a) 366.21 (b) 292.96
(c) 234.38 (d) 187.50

Ans. (a)
P → Q → R → S → T → Customer
↓
120 at each level increased 25% price paid by customer
125 125 125 125 125
= 120 × × × × × = 366.21
100 100 100 100 100
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.9 The two pie-charts given below show the data of total students and only girls registered
in different streams in a university. If the total number of students registered in the
university is 5000, and the total number of the registered girls is 1500; then the ratio
of boys enrolled in Arts to the girls enrolled in Management is ______

Percentage of students enrolled in Percentage of girls enrolled in

different streams in a University different streams

Arts Arts
20% 30%

Management Management
Engineering Engineering 15%
30% 15% 10%

Science
20% Commerce Science
20% 25%
Commerce
15%

(a) 9 : 22 (b) 11 : 9
(c) 22 : 9 (d) 2 : 1

Ans. (c)
(Boys)Arts 20% of 5000 – 30% of 1500
=
(Girls)Management 15% of 1500
1000 − 450 550
= =
225 225
110 22
= =
45 9
= 22 : 9
End of Solution

Q.10 While I agree _____ his proposal this time, I do not often agree _____ him.
(a) to, to (b) to, with
(c) with, to (d) with, with

Ans. (b)
Agree with - a person,
Agree to - an idea, proposal
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

SECTION B : TECHNICAL
Q.1 To solve x2 – 2 = 0, the Newton-Raphson method has been employed. If the initial guess
x0 = 1.0, the next estimate of the root, x1, will be
(a) 1.5 (b) 2.0
(c) 1.0 (d) 0.5

Ans. (a)
f(x) = x2 – 2
x0 = 1.0
By Newton-Raphson method,
f ( x)
x1 = x0 −
f ′( x) x0

x2 − 2
= 1−
2x
x0 =1

(1 − 2)
= 1− = 1 – (–0.5) = 1.5
2 ×1
End of Solution

Q.2 Self-sharpening tendency of a conventional grinding wheel depends upon

(a) wheel grade (b) grit hardness
(c) grit size (d) wheel structure

Ans. (a)
• The worn out grit must pull out from the bond and make room for fresh sharp grit
in order to avoid excessive rise of grinding force and temperature.
• A soft wheel should be chosen for grinding hard material.
• A hard wheel should be chosen for grinding soft material.
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.3 The figure shows a mechanism with 3 revolute pairs (between the links 1 and 2, 2 and
3, and 3 and 4) and a prismatic pair (between the links 1 and 4). Which one of the four
links should be fixed to obtain the mechanism that forms the basis of the quick-return
mechanism widely used in shaper?

1
Rigid connections

(a) Link 3 (b) Link 4

(c) Link 1 (d) Link 2

Ans. (d)
It is crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism. Here connecting rod is
fixed which is here link 2.
End of Solution

Q.4 If x is a random variable with the expected value of 5 and the variance of 1, then the
expected value of x2 is
(a) 36 (b) 26
(c) 25 (d) 24

Ans. (b)
E(x) = 5
Var(x) = 1
then we know that
Var(x) = E(x2) – (E(x))2 ⇒ E(x2) = Var(x) + [E(x)]2 = 1 + (5)2 = 26
End of Solution

Q.5 The divergence of the vector v = y 2iˆ + z 2 jˆ + x2kˆ is
(a) 0 (b) 2z
(c) 2y (d) 2x

Ans. (a)



∂ 2 ∂ ∂
div v = ∇ ⋅ v = (y ) + (z 2) + (x2)
∂x ∂y ∂z
=0
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.6 Which of the following is a casual forecasting method?

(a) Naive approach (b) Linear regression
(c) Exponential smoothing (d) Moving average

Ans. (b)
Linear regression is a casual forecasting method.
End of Solution

Q.7 The figure shows two bodies connected through a riveted joint with one rivet. The diameter
of the rivet is d (in m). The joint transmits a load of F (in N) whose line of action is
perpendicular to and intersects the vertical axis of the rivet. Neglect any effect of bending
of the rivet. If the allowable shear stress for the material of the rivet is τ N/m2, the diameter
of the rivet required to prevent failure in shear is

F F

4F 2F
(a) (b)
πτ πτ
8F F
(c) (d)
πτ πτ

Ans. (b)

Load
Induced shear stress, τ =
Sheared Area

F
τ=
π 2
2 ⋅d
4
2F
d=
πτ
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.8 The process used for producing long bars of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) with uniform
cross-section is
(a) Pultrusion (b) Extrusion
(c) Thermoforming (d) Injection Molding

Ans. (a)
The pultrusion process is a low-cost, high volume manufacturing process in which resin-
impregnated fibres are pulled through a die to make the part. It creates parts of constant
cross-section and continuous length.
End of Solution

Q.9 The product structure tree in the figure below shows the components needed to assemble
one unit of product P.

P(1)

A(1) B(1) C(4)

D(2) E(1) E(2) F(1) D(3) G(2)

D(1)

The number of units of component D needed to assemble 10 units of product P is _____.

Ans. (220)
1P requires 1A and 4C.
1A requires 2D.
1C requires 3D and 2G.
1G requires 1D.
∴ 1C requires 3D and 2D, i.e., total 5D.
So, for 4C = 20D are required.
So, for 1P = 22D are required.
So, for 10P = 220D are required.
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.10 Suppose the control system of a fighter jet consists of three unrelated components in
series, and it is desired to have 98% reliability of the system. If the reliability level of
all the components is the same, then the reliability of each component (rounded off to
three decimal places) is _____

Ans. (0.993)

R1 R1 R1

Let R1 = R2 = R3 = R
Rs = R1 × R2 × R3
Rs = R×R×R
0.98 = R3
R = (0.98)1/3 = 0.993
End of Solution

Q.11 A Carnot heat engine receives 600 kJ of heat per cycle from a source of 627°C and
rejects heat to a sink at 27°C. The amount of heat rejected to the sink per cycle (rounded
off to the nearest integer) in kJ is
(a) 400 (b) 200
(c) 26 (d) 574

Ans. (b)

900 K = 627°C

600 kJ

QR

27°C = 300 K

TL
η = 1−
TH
300
η = 1− = 0.667
900
QR
but η = 1− = 0.667
QS
QR
∴ = 0.333
600
QR = 199.8 kJ
QR = 200 kJ
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.12 Group I lists phases of steel and Group II lists crystal structures in the table below.
Group I Group II
P. Ferrite 1. Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Q. Austenite 2. Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
R. Martensite 3. Body Centered Tetragonal (BCT)
4. Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Match the phase with the corresponding crystal structure.
(a) P-4, Q-2, R-3 (b) P-2, Q-4, R-1
(c) P-2, Q-4, R-3 (d) P-4, Q-2, R-1

Ans. (c)
End of Solution

Q.13 End mill cutters are mounted on the spindle of a vertical milling machine using
(a) vice (b) face plate
(c) driver plate (d) collet

Ans. (d)
Milling cutters that contain their own straight or tapered shanks are mounted to the
milling machine spindle with collet.
End of Solution

Q.14 In manufacturing of self-lubricating bearings by powder metallurgy, an important secondary

operation that is carried out after sintering is
(a) Infiltration (b) Hot isostatic pressing
(c) Impregnation (d) Cold isostatic pressing

Ans. (c)

End of Solution

dy
Q.15 An integrating factor for the differential equation + my = e–mx is
dx
(a) e–mx (b) em
(c) emx (d) e–m

Ans. (c)
dy
+ my = e–mx,
dx
dy
On comparison with + py = Q, we have P = m and Q = e–mx
dx
IF = e ∫ = e∫
Pd x md x
So,
= emx
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.16 Consider flow of an oil with Reynolds number 1500 in a pipe of diameter 5 cm. The
kinematic viscosity of the oil, ν = 0.75 cm2/s. The value of average velocity in m/s is
(a) 1.50 (b) 4.50
(c) 0.75 (d) 2.25

Ans. (d)
Re = 1500
D = 5 × 10–2 m
ν = 0.75 cm2/s = 0.75 × 10–4 m2/s
VD Re ⋅ ν 1500 × 0.75 × 10 −4
Re = ⇒ V = =
ν D 5 × 10 −2
V = 2.25 m/s
End of Solution

Q.17 The process capability ratio Cp is given by

6 × Process Standard Deviation
(a)
Upper Control Limit – Lower Control Limit
6 × Process Standard Deviation
(b)
Upper Specification Limit – Lower Specification Limit
Upper Specification Limit – Lower Specification Limit
(c)
6 × Process Standard Deviation
Upper Control Limit – Lower Control Limit
(d)
6 × Process Standard Deviation

Ans. (c)
USL – LSL
CP =
6σ
End of Solution

Q.18 The purpose of the ratchet in a micrometer is to

(a) impart smooth movement to the spindle
(b) maintain sufficient and uniform measuring pressure
(c) prevent rotation of the spindle while reading the scale
(d) compensate for the wear of the screw thread

Ans. (c)

End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.19 In a uniaxial tensile test on a specimen of a ductile material, the ultimate tensile strength
is found to be 400 MPa and the elongation upto the maximum load is 25%. The true
stress at the maximum load in MPa is _____.

Ans. (500)
Given, σu = 400 MPa
e= 0.25
True stress = σu(1 + e)
= 400 × (1 + 0.25) = 500 MPa
End of Solution

Q.20 For the complex number z1 = 2 + 3i and z2 = 4 – 5i, the value of (z1 + z2)2
(a) –32 + 24i (b) –32 – 24i
(c) 32 + 24i (d) 32 – 24i

Ans. (d)
(z1 + z2)2 = [(2 + 3i) + (4 – 5i)]2 = [(6 – 2i)2]
= (6 – 2i)(6 – 2i) = 36 – 12i – 12i + 4i2
= 32 – 24i
End of Solution

Q.21 The state of stress at a point in a body under plane stress condition is shown in the
figure. The positive directions of x and y axes are also shown. The material of the body
is homogeneous and isotropic, with modulus of elasticity E and Poisson’s ratio ν. The
longitudinal strain in the x-direction is

σy

σx σx

y σy
x

σx σy σx σy
(a) − +ν (b) −ν
E E E E
σx σy σx σy
(c) +ν (d) − −ν
E E E E
Ans. (c)

σy

σx

σx σy
εx = +ν
E E
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.22 The Bellman’s principle of optimality is related to

(a) Transportation problem (b) Linear programming problem
(c) Dynamic programming problem (d) Assignment problem

Ans. (c)
End of Solution

Q.23 The figure shows two bodies P and Q. The body Q is placed on the ground and the
body P is placed on top of it. The weights of P and Q are WP and WQ, respectively.
The bodies are at rest and all the surfaces are assumed to be frictionless. R represents
reaction force, if any, between the bodies.

The correct free body diagram of the body P is

WP WP
(a) (b)

R WQ WQ

WP WP
(c) (d)

Ans. (d)
End of Solution

Q.24 A non-traditional machining process which utilizes mechanical energy as the principal
energy source for removing the material is
(a) Laser beam machining (b) Electric discharge machining
(c) Plasma arc maching (d) Ultrasonic maching

Ans. (d)
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.25 An approach used in the product development which combines the efforts of design,
manufacturing, and other functions to reduce the total time in introducing a new product
in the market is
(a) Break-even analysis (b) Concurrent engineering
(c) Lean manufacturing (d) Value engineering

Ans. (b)
Concurrent engineering, also known as simultaneous engineering, is a method of
designing and developing products, in which the different stages run simultaneously,
rather than consecutively. It decreases product development time and also the time
to market, leading to improved productivity and reduced costs.
End of Solution

Q.26 In a work study experiment, it is observed that a worker completes a job in an average
time of 15 minutes with a performance rating of 120%. The time required for another
worker having a performance rating of 80% to complete the same job (rounded off to
one decimal place) in minutes is _____.

Ans. (22.5)
Given : t1 = 15 minutes
Performance rating = 120%
r1 = 1.2, t2 = ?
Performance rating = 80%
r2 = 0.8
t1.r1 = t2.r2 ...(same job)
∴ 15 × 1.2 = t2 × 0.8
∴ t2 = 22.5 minutes
End of Solution

5
Q.27 For y = –x2 + 9x – 2, the value of ∫ yd x using Simpson’s 1/3 rule with two intervals
1
(rounded off to two decimal places) is _____.

Ans. (58.67)
b −a
f(x) = –x2 + 9x – 2, a = 1, b = 5, n = 2, h = = 2
x

x= 1 3 5
y = 6 16 18
5
h
So, I= ∫ yd x =
3
[y 0 + y 2 + 4(y 1) + 2(0)]
1
2
= [6 + 18 + 4 × 16]
3
2 176
= [88] = = 58.67
3 3
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.28 To manufacture a product by casting, molten metal is poured in a cavity of rectangular

cross-section in a sand mold with a side blind riser as shown in the figure. The dimensions
of the mold cavity are 60 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm.

Down Sprue
Riser
Mold Cavity

Runner

The riser is cylindrical in shape with diameter equal to height. It is required that the
solidification time of the riser should be 25% greater than that of the mold. Using
Chvorinov’s rule, the diameter of the riser (rounded off to one decimal place) in cm should
be _____.

Ans. (36.6 cm)

Mold cavity dimensions are 60 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm.
Riser solidification time is greater than 25% of the mould.
According to Chvorinov’s principle :
2
V 
ts ∝  
 A
2
V 
ts = K  
 A
where, K = solidification factor
V = Volume
A = Surface area
(ts)r = 1.25(ts)c
π 2
V D ⋅H
4 D
(ts)r = = =
A π 2 6
2 ⋅ D + πDH
4
2
D  60 × 40 × 20 
2
  = 1.25  
6 r  2(60 × 40 + 40 × 20 + 20 × 60) 
D = 36.59 cm
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.29 A company is planning to procure a machine to produce a component. There are two
alternatives available – machine A and machine B. The cost of producing x units of the
component (in Rs.) using machine A is given as CA(x) = 10000 + 170x + x2. The cost
of producing x units of the component (in Rs.) using machine B is given as CB(x) =
15000 + 400x. If machine B is to be preferred, then the minimum number of units to
be produced should be _____.

Ans. (250)
To obtain the minimum number of units,
CA(x) = CB(x)
10000 + 170x + x2 = 15000 + 400x
x2 – 230x – 5000 = 0
x – 250x + 20x – 5000 = 0
2

x(x – 250) + 20(x – 250) = 0

(x + 20)(x – 250) = 0
x = 250 units
End of Solution

Q.30 If the probability density function of a random variable x is given by

 k x2
 , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
f(x) =  2
 0,
 elsewhere

the value of k is _____.

Ans. (3)
If f(x) is probability density function then we have
∞ 1

∫ f ( x)d x =1 ⇒ ∫ f ( x)d x = 1
−∞ −1

1 1
k x2 k x3
⇒ ∫ 2 dx = 1 ⇒
6
= 1
−1 −1
3 3
k[(1) − (−1) ] 2k
⇒ =1 ⇒ = 1 ⇒ k = 3
6 6

End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.31 The movement along the z-axis of a CNC drilling machine is controlled by using a servo
motor, a lead screw and an increment encoder. The lead screw has 2 threads/cm and
it is directly coupled to the servo motor. The incremental encoder attached to the lead
screw emits 100 pulses/revolution. The control resolution in microns is _____.

Ans. (50)
Lead screw has 2 threads/cm.
104
Pitch of lead screw = microns/thread
2
P = 5 × 103 microns/thread
∴ 100 pulses/revolution = 5 × 103 microns/threads
∴ 1 pulse/revolution = 50 microns
∴ Control resolution is 50 microns.
End of Solution

Q.32 A mass of 3 kg of Argon gas at 3 bar, 27°C is contained in a rigid, insulated vessel.
Paddle wheel work is done on the gas for 30 minutes at the rate of 0.015 kW. Specific
heat at constant volume, cv, for Argon is 0.3122 kJ/kg-K. The final temperature of the
gas (rounded off to one decimal place) in kelvin is _____.

Ans. (328.83 K)

m= 3 kg
P1 = 3 bar = 300 kPa
T1 = 27°C = 300 K
cv = 0.3122 kJ/kgK
W= 0.015 kW
Time = 30 mins.
δQ = dU+ δW
0= mcvdT + (–0.015 × 30 × 60)
0= 3 × 0.3122 × {T2 – 300} – 27
∴ T2 = 328.83 K
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

 1 5
Q.33 For the matrix   , the eigen vectors are
3 3 
 1 5  −1 5/3 
(a)   and   (b)   and  
3  3   1  1 
 1 3 1  −5/3 
(c)   and   (d)   and  
−
 
1  −3  1  1 

Ans. (d)
We can check options in order to find eigen vectors quickly and only option (d) is
satisfying the property AX = λX for unique ‘λ’.
 1 5 1 6  1
For AX =   1 = 6  = 6   = λX
 3 3     1
1
So, λ = 6 and X =   .
1
End of Solution

Q.34 In a waterjet machining process, the water pressure used in 500 MPa. The diameter of
orifice of the nozzle through which the waterjet comes out is 0.25 mm. Neglecting frictional
and other losses, and using the density of water as 1000 kg/m3, the mass flow rate
of the waterjet (rounded off to two decimal places) in kg/min is _____.

Ans. (2.94)
Given : P = 500 MPa = 500 × 106 Pa
d = 0.25 mm = 2.5 × 10–4 m
ρ = 1000 kg/m3
m = ?

2∆P 2 × 500 × 106

V= = = 1000 m/s
ρ 1000
π
Q = AV = × d 2 × 1000
4
π
= × (2.5 × 10 −4 )2 × 1000
4
Q = 4.9087 × 10–5 m3/sec
∴ m = ρ.Q = 1000 × 4.9087 × 10–5 × 60
m = 2.94 kg/min
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.35 A company manufactures products P and Q in quantities x1 and x2, respectively, using
two resources. The following Linear Programming Problem (LPP) is formulated to maximize
the profit Z.
Maximize Z = 3x1 + 2x2
subject to x1 + 2x2 ≤ 2 (for Resource 1)
2x1 + x2 ≤ 2 (for Resource 2)
and x1, x2 ≥ 0
The shadow price for Resource 2 is
4 2
(a) (b)
3 3
(c) 0 (d) 1

Ans. (a)
According to Simplex Method :

3 2 0 0
Cj x1 x2 s1 s2 θ θmin

0 s1 1 2 1 0 2 2
0 s2 2 1 0 1 2 1
Zj 0 0 0 0

Cj – Zj 3 2 0 0

3 2 0 0
Cj x1 x2 s1 s2 θ θmin

0 s1 0 1.5 1 –0.5 1 2/3

3 x1 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 2
Zj 3 1.5 0 1.5 3

Cj – Zj 0 0.5 0 –1.5

3 2 0 0
Cj x1 x2 s1 s2 θ
Optimum
2 x2 0 1 2/3 –1/3 2/3 Solution

3 x1 1 0 –2/6 2/3 2/3

Zj 3 2 (1/3) 4/3 Shadow Price

of Resource 2
Cj – Zj 0 0 –1/2 –4/3

2 2
Hence, optimality condition is achieved and at x1 = and x2 = . The profit is
3 3
maximum.
4
Value of Zj of S2 variable of Resource 2 gives the required Shadow Price which is .
3
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.36 The heat generated in a resistance spot welding operation for joining two metal sheets
with a certain set of process parameters is 2000 J. For a second spot welding operation
on the same sheets without any change in the overall resistance of the system, the current
is increased by 25% and the time for which the current is applied is reduced to half.
The heat generated in the second operation (rounded off to one decimal place) in J is
_____.

Ans. (1565.5 J)
Heat generated (Hg) = 2000 J
Second spot welding operation :
R2 = R1
I2 = 1.25I1 (from given condition)
t1
t2 =
2
Hg = I2Rt
(Hg)2 = I22R2t2
t2 (1.25)2 2
= (1.25 I1) ⋅ R1 ⋅
2
= I1 R1t1
2 2
= 0.78125 × 2000 = 1562.5 J
Heat generated in second spot welding process is 1562.5 J.
End of Solution

Q.37 A flywheel is to be used in an IC engine to limit fluctuation of angular speed. the average
of the maximum and the minimum angular speed is 500 rpm, and the maximum
fluctuation of energy is 10,000 N-m. Neglecting rotary inertia of any other components,
the moment of inertia of the flywheel about its axis of rotation required to limit the
maximum fluctuation of speed to 30 rpm (rounded off to one decimal place) in kg-m2
is _____.

Ans. (60.8 kg-m2)

N = 500 rpm
∆Emax = 10,000 N-m
 30 
Cs = 
 500 
2π × 500
ω= = 52.3598 rad/s
60
∆Emax = I.ω2.Cs
30
10000 = I × (52.3598)2 ×
500
10000 × 500
I=
30 × (52.3598)2
I = 60.7928 kg.m2
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.38 A truss with two bars PR and QR, making angles α and β, respectively, with the vertical,
is shown in the figure below. The connections at P, Q and R are hinged connections.
The truss supports a body of weight W (in N) at R as shown. The tension in the bar
QR (in N) is

P Q

β
α

W sinα W sinβ
(a) (b)
sin(α + β) cos(α + β)
W sinα W sinβ
(c) (d)
cos(α + β) sin(α + β)

Ans. (a)
Applying Lami’s theorem

TPR TQR

α+β
90 – α 90 – β

TPR W TQR
= =
sin(180° − β) sin(α + β) sin(180 − α)
W sinα
TQR =
sin(α + β)
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.39 The verticies of rectangle PQRS are as follows in a 2-D CAD system.
P(–4, –2); Q(–2, –3); R(–3, –5); S(–5, –4)
The coordinates of the corresponding new verticies, P′, Q′, R′, S′ after translation of
the rectangle along x-axis in the positive direction by 6 units and along y-axis in the
positive direction by 3 units are
(a) P′(2, 1); Q′(4, 0); R′(3, –2); S′(1, –1)
(b) P′(–10, –5); Q′(–8, –6); R′(–9, –8); S′(–11, –7)
(c) P′(2, –5); Q′(4, –6); R′(3, –8); S′(1, –7)
(d) P′(–10, 1); Q′(–8, 0); R′(–9, –2); S′(–11, –1)

Ans. (a)
Translation :
Xnew = Xold + dx
Ynew = Yold + dy
P′(–4 + 6, –2 + 3) = P′(2, 1)
Q′(–2 + 6, –3 + 3) = Q′(4, 0)
R′(–3 + 6, –5 + 3) = R′(3, –2)
S′(–5 + 6, –4 + 3) = S′(1, –1)
End of Solution

Q.40 A solid shaft has to transmit 50 kW of power at a speed of 1910 rpm. Ignore any possible
bending of the shaft. The maximum allowable shear stress for the material of the shaft
is 80 MPa. The minimum diameter of the shaft required to prevent failure due to shear
(rounded off to one decimal place) in cm is _____.

Ans. (2.5 cm)

P = 50 kW
N = 1910 rpm
2πNT
P=
60
T = 249.98 Nm
Now τmax = 80 N/mm2

16T
= 80
πd 3
d = 25.15 mm = 2.515 cm
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.41 The availability of an old photocopier was 90% and the Mean Time Between Failure
(MTBF) was 200 days. It has been replaced with a new photocopier having an availability
of 95%. Now, the Mean Time to Repair (the time during which the photocopier is
unavailable for service) has increased by 5 days. The MTBF of the new photocopier
(rounded off to the nearest integer) in days is _____.

Ans. (517)
A = 90%
MTBF = 200 days
MTBF
A=
MTBF + MTTR
200
⇒ 0.9 =
200 + MTTR
⇒ 180 + 0.9 MTTR = 200
0.9 MTTR = 20
20
MTTR = = 22.22 day
0.9
New MTTR = 22.22 + 5 = 27.22 days
MTBF MTBF
Now, A= ⇒ 0.95 =
MTBF + MTTR MTBF + 27.22
0.95 MTBF + 25.8611 = MTBF
0.05 MTBF = 25.8611
MTBF = 517.22 ≈ 517 days
End of Solution

Q.42 A car company manufactures 200 units of a component per day. The component is
installed in different car models at a rate of 15000 units per year. The company operates
its production facility 300 days per year to manufacture the component. The setup cost
for each production run is Rs. 200 and the inventory holding cost per year is Rs. 2 per
unit. The Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) is _____.

Ans. (2000)
Given : p = 200 units per day
D = 15000 units per year
Operating days = 300 = n
D 15000
d= = = 50 units per day
n 300
Co = Rs. 200, Ch = Rs. 2 per unit per year
2DCo p
∴ EOQ = ×
Ch p −d

2 × 15000 × 200 200

= ×
2 200 − 50
EOQ = 2000 units
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.43 For a particular tool-workpiece combination, the value of exponent n in the Taylor’s tool
life equation is 0.5. If the cutting speed is reduced by 50% keeping all the other
machining conditions same, the increase in tool life in % is ______.

Ans. (300%)
V1T1n = V2T2n
V1
or V1T10.5 = × T20.5
2
0.5
 T2 
or  T  =2
1

T2
or = 21/0.5 = 4
T1
T 
% change in tool life =  2 − 1 × 100%
 T1 
= (4 – 1) × 100%
= 300%
End of Solution

Q.44 The figure shows drawing of a part with dimensions and tolerances, both in mm. The
permissible tolerance for slot A (rounded off to one decimal place) in mm is ± _____.

100 ± 0.5 40 ± 0.2

40 ± 0.1

Slot A

Ans. (0.6)
100±0.5 + 40±0.2 = 40±0.1 + A + 40±0.2
or A = 100±0.5 – 40±0.1
= 60±0.5±0.1 = 60±0.6
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.45 A steel ball of 12 mm diameter is heated to 1225 K. It is then slowly cooled in air to
a temperature of 475 K. During the cooling process, the ambient temperture is 325 K
and the heat transfer coefficient is 30 W/m2-K. Assume, the density of steel is 7800
kg/m3 and the specific heat is 600 J/kg-K. Using the lumped capacitance method of
analysis, the calculated time for the required cooling (rounded off to one decimal place)
in seconds is _____.

Ans. (559.0 sec)

d = 12 mm
r = 6 mm
T1 = 1225 K
T2 = 475 K
T∞ = 325 K
h = 30 W/m2-K
ρ = 7800 kg/m3
cp = 600 J/kg-K
Using lumped capacitance method,
hA
− t
T2 − T∞ ρVcp
= e
T1 − T∞
4 3
V πr
3 r 0.006
= = =
A 4 πr 2 3 3
30 × 3
475 − 325 − ×t
∴ = e 7800 × 0.006 × 600
1225 − 325
∴ t = 559.03 sec
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.46 A company has to perform five tasks (P, Q, R, S and T) to make an assembly. Task
time and immediate predecessors of the tasks are listed below. If an assembly line is
designed to obtain the maximum output rate, the efficiency of the line in % is _____.

Task Time Immediate

Task
(Seconds) predecessor(s)
P 20 −
Q 25 P
R 10 Q
S 15 Q
T 25 R,S

Ans. (95%)

Stations I II III IV
20 25 10 25
P Q R T

S
15

20 25 25 25
I II III IV
TWC 95
Line efficiency, η= = × 100
n × TC 4 × 25
= 95%
End of Solution

Q.47 The figure shows revenue generated over different product life cycle stages marked as
P, Q, R and S. Group I lists these product life cycle stages. Group II lists typical efforts
leading to revenue maximization during a stage.

P Q R S
Revenue

Time

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Group I Group II
P. Introduction 1. efforts to enhance the production capacity
Q. Growth 2. Efforts to rejuvenate the product
R. Maturity 3. Efforts to maximize the product performance
S. Decline 4. Efforts to explore other markets
Match the stage with the efforts.
(a) P-3; Q-1; R-2; S-4 (b) P-1; Q-4; R-2; S-3
(c) P-3; Q-4; R-2; S-1 (d) P-1; Q-3; R-4; S-2

Ans. (a)
End of Solution

Q.48 A tank of large cross-sectional area contains water up to a height of 5 m as shown in

the figure. The top water surface is under a pressure of p1 = 0.2 MPa. A small, smooth
and round tap at the bottom of the tank is opened to the atmosphere (p2 = 0.1 MPa).

p1 = 0.2 MPa

Water 5m

p2 = 0.1 MPa

Use the acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/s2, and the density of water, ρ = 1000
kg/m3. The velocity with which the water will exit from the tap under the conditions shown
in the figure (rounded off to one decimal place) in m/s is _____.

Ans. (17.3 m/s)

p1 = 0.2 MPa

Water 5 m = τ1

2
p2 = 0.1 MPa

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

A1V1 = A2V2

A2V2
V1 = (very large)
A1

V1 ≈ negligible
By equation between (1) and (2)
P1 V12 P V2
+ + Z1 = 2 + 2 + Z 2
ρg 2g ρg 2g
P1 − P2 V2
+ Z1 = 2
w 2g

V22 (0.2 − 0.1) × 106

= +5
2g 9810
V2 = 17.265 m/s
End of Solution

Q.49 A vertical boring operation is performed in a cast iron plate to enlarge a blind hole to
a diameter of 25 mm up to a depth of 100 mm in a single pass. The cutting speed
and the feed used in the process are 100 m/min and 0.1 mm/rev, respectively. Considering
the allowance for tool approach as 2 mm, the actual machining time (rounded off to two
decimal places) in minutes is _____.

Ans. (0.80)
Given : D= 25 mm
Depth, l = 100 mm
V= 100 m/min
f= 0.1 mm/rev
Allowance = x = 2 mm
πDN
V=
1000
π × 25 × N
∴ 100 =
1000
∴ N = 1273.239 rpm
l+x
Machining time, tm =
fN
100 + 2
=
0.1 × 1273.239
tm = 0.80 minutes
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.50 A cylindrical billet of 90 mm diameter is extruded to produce an I-section as shown in

the figure (all dimensions in mm).

50

5 60

5
50

The total extrusion pressure (pe) in MPa required for the above process is given by

  A 
pe = σm 0.8 + 1.2ln  0  
  Af  

where, σm is the mean flow stress of the material, and A0 and Af are the initial and the
final cross-sectional areas, respectively. If the mean flow stress of the extruded material
is 80 MPa, the force required for the above extrusion (rounded off to one decimal place)
in kN is _____.

Ans. (1673.5 kN)

σm = 80 MPa

π
Ao = × 902 mm2 = 6361.73 mm2
4
A f = 50 × 5 + 60 × 5 + 50 × 5 mm2 = 800 mm2
Ao 6361.73
∴ = = 7.9522
Af 800
∴ Pe = 80[0.8 + 1.2 × ln 7.9522]
= 263.05 MPa
Extrusion Force = PeAo
= 263.05 × 6361.73 N
= 1673.46 kN
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.51 The figure shows a beam of length L (in m) with a uniformly distributed transverse load
of W (in N/m) acting over it. The width and depth of the beam cross section are b (in
m) and t (in m), respectively. The magnitude of the maximum bending stress in the beam
in N/m2 is

W (in N/m)

L b
2
3WL2 2WL
(a) (b)
2bt 2
3bt 2
4WL2 3WL2
(c) (d)
3bt 2 4bt 2

Ans. (d)
WL2
Maximum B.M., Mmax =
8
Maximum bending stress,
Mmax WL2
σmax = =
z 8bt 2
6
3WL2
=
4bt 2
End of Solution

Q.52 A rectifying inspection is performed on a lot of size N = 1000 using a Single-Sampling

Plan with the sampel size n = 60 and the acceptance number c = 1. If the Acceptable
Quality Level is 1.0%, the producer’s risk associated with the sampling plan (rounded
off to the nearest integer) in % is
(a) 88 (b) 33
(c) 12 (d) 67

Ans. (c)
N= 1000
n= 60
c= 1
pi = 0.01
Producer risk = α = 1 – L(0.01)
= 1 −  60 C0 × 0.010 × 0.9960  =  0 C1 × 0.01 × 0.9959 
= 1 – 0.8787
α = 0.1212
α = 12%
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

Q.53 A project consists of seven activities as listed in the table. The time required for each
activity and its immediate predecessor(s) are also given.

Time required Immediate

Activity
(in weeks) Predecessor(s)
P 7 −
Q 4 −
R 2 Q
S 11 P
T 9 P,R
U 9 Q
V 4 T ,U

The project completion time using Critical Path Method (CPM) in weeks is _____.

Ans. (20)

P, 7 Dummy S, 11

R, 2 T, 9
Q, 4

U, 9
V, 4

Possible numebr of paths

P-S = 18
P-Dummy-T-V = 20
Q-R-T-V = 19
Q-U-V = 17
Project completion time = 20 weeks
End of Solution

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2020 : Production and Industrial Engg.
Date of Test : 01-02-2020

d 2y dy
Q.54 General solution of x2 +x − y = 0 is
d x2 dx
C2
(a) y = C1x + C2x3 (b) y = C1x +
x
C1 C2 C
(c) y = + 3 (d) y = C1x2 + 22
x x x
Ans. (b)
d 2y
dy
x2 +x −y = 0
d x2 dx
[x2D2 + xd – 1]y = 0 ...(1)
Using x = ez, we have
[D1(D1 – 1) + D1 – 1]y = 0
⇒ [D12 – 1)y = 0 ...(2)
AE is m2 – 1 = 0 ⇒ m = ±1
So, C.F. = C1ez + C2e–z and P.I. = 0
Hence, general solution is
y= CF + PI
= C1ez + C2e–z {z = ln x}
= C1x + C2(x–1)
y= C1x + C2/x
End of Solution

Q.55 The statement that best describes the function of a GO gauge in the context of Taylor’s
principle of gauging is
(a) GO gauge checks the Maximum Material Condition and is designed to check only
one dimension.
(b) GO gauge checks the Maximum Material Condition and is designed to check as
many dimensions as possible.
(c) GO gauge checks the Least Material Condition and is designed to check only one
dimension.
(d) GO gauge checks that Least Material Condition and is designed to check as many
dimensions as possible.

Ans. (b)
Taylor
aylor’’s Principle : This principle states that the GO gauge should always be so
designed that it will cover the maximum metal condition (MMC) of as many dimensions
as possible in the same limit gauges, whereas a NOT GO gauges to cover the minimum
metal condition of one dimension only.
End of Solution

„„„„

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