Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Science Grade 9
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Chemical Bonding

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Module
Chemical Bonding
2
What I Need to Know

This module will help you improve your understanding about matter. The
language and instructions are designed according to your level of understanding.
Hence, if you have any queries about the activities, you can contact your science
teacher or you may ask Mr. google to guide you.
Here are the activities especially created just for you:
Activity 1:What’s in the Number?
Activity 2: Four Pics One Word
Activity 3: Unlock Me!!!
Activity 4: Am I an Ionic or Covalent?
Activity 5: We bond through our Negativities!
Activity 6: The Singing Bond (Band)
Activity 7: Compare Me Not!!!
Activity 8: Salt Loves Story
Activity 9: Find Me in your Home

At the end of this module you are expected to:

1. Recognize different types of compounds (ionic and covalent) based on their
properties such as melting point, hardness, polarity and electrical and
thermal conductivity (S9MT-IIb-14)

Before you begin exploring this module, try to answer the given pretest below.
Test your knowledge to gauge how much you already know about matter. If you
manage to get all the correct answers, you can skip this module but if you got a lower
score, you may continue doing the set of activities prepared for you.

It is interesting to look back at the lessons you have learned about matter when
you were in grade 7 and 8. In grade 7 you were able to describe the properties of
metals and non-metals and learn to distinguished between elements and compounds.
In grade 8, you observed different common changes such as evaporation,
condensation, boiling and melting that helped you learn about the particles that matter
is made of. You have also learned that the elements were systematically arranged and
grouped in the Periodic Table of Elements. Your knowledge about matter is
continuously growing. In fact, in the previous module you were introduced to how
electrons in different atoms are distributed.

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 Explore this module to continuously increase your understanding about matter.

What’s In Score: _______ /18

Activity # 1: What’s in the number?

Directions: Using the periodic table of elements on page 4, answer the given
activity below.

Name: _____________ Name: _____________

Atomic No.:________ Atomic No.:________
4 Valence Electron: ______ 8 Valence Electron: ______
Electronegativity: ______ Electronegativity: ______
Types: Metal Types: Metal
Non Metal Non Metal
Name: _____________ Name: _____________
Atomic No.:________ Atomic No.:________
16 Valence Electron: ______ 37 Valence Electron: ______
Electronegativity: ______ Electronegativity: ______
Types: Metal Types: Metal
Non Metal Non Metal
Name: _____________ Name: _____________
Atomic No.:________ Atomic No.:________
58 Valence Electron: ______ 74 Valence Electron: ______
Electronegativity: ______ Electronegativity: ______
Types: Metal Types: Metal
Non Metal Non Metal

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3
 Now that you already remembered your lesson in grade 7 and grade 8 about
the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table. This lesson will help you in the
next activity.

What’s New Score: _______ /4

Activity # 2: Four Pics one Word

Directions: This game presents you with four pictures to let you guess what specific
word fits with the theme of the photos presented.

Hope you enjoyed the activity. For the next activity, your mission is to identify
the properties of metals and non-metals.

________ _______
LACCHEIM BNDIONG

_____ ___ _____

TALEM ONN LEATM

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 Score: _______ /5
Activity # 3: Unlock Me!!!
Directions: Unlock your vocabulary using the words below.
Melting point Hardness Polarity Electrical Thermal

The temperature (or more commonly

temperature range) at which a substance
undergoes a solid to liquid phase change
(i.e., it melts) without an increase in
temperature.
the resistance of a material to
deformation of an indenter of specific
size and shape under a known load.
is rate of heat flow divided by the area
and by the temperature gradient.
is a measure of the ability of a material
to conduct electric current.
refers to the way in which atoms bond
with each other
How did you find the activity? For your next mission, differentiate ionic from
covalent bonds using the previous knowledge on their properties.

Score: _______ /13

Activity# 4: Am I an Ionic or Covalent?
A. Directions: Classify the following properties as Ionic or Covalent compounds. Write
ionic or covalent on the space before each property.

___________1. Atoms share electrons to become stable.

2. High melting and boiling points
3. Conduct electricity when melted
4. Usually occurs between non-metals.

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 5. Poor electrical conductors in all phases
6. Many soluble in non-polar liquids but not in water
7. Crystalline solids (made of ions)
8. Metal atoms give electrons while nonmetal atoms get electrons to
become stable
9. Usually occurs between metals and non-metals.
10. Hydrogen and another non-metal chemically combines through
covalent bonding.
12. Low melting and boiling points
13. Many soluble in water but not in non-polar liquid

Score: _______ /15

B. Classify the following as metal or non- metal and ionic or covalent. Write your
answer on the space below. The first one is already done as an example for you to
follow.
Compound First element/atom Second element/atom Ionic or
(metal or non –metal ) (metal or non –metal ) Covalent
Hydrogen or H in this case
Carbon or C is a non
CH4 is exhibiting non-metallic covalent
metal
properties.
MgCl2
H2O
CCl4
HCl
NaCl

Activity # 5: We Bond through our Negativities!

Directions: Using the periodic table of elements, use the electronegativity to
complete the table below:
Score: _______ /12
Difference in electronegativity
4.0 1.7 .40
Polar- covalent Non-polar
Ionic
bond covalent bond
100% 50% 5% 0%
Percentage Ionic character
More Less
Difference in Bond
Bonding between electronegative electronegative
electronegativity Type
element and value element and value

6
 What is It
Sulfur and
Hydrogen

Sulfur and Cesium

Chlorine and
Bromine

Calcium and
Chlorine

Did the activities increased your understanding about chemical bonds? Here’s
an additional information for you…
Valence electrons are the electrons involved in forming bonds to form
compounds. It is important that you know the valence electrons so that you can
illustrate how bonds are formed. It is good that you have found out that metals have
low electronegativity and non-metals have high electronegativity because this
property plays an important role in forming compounds. The nature of the interaction
between the atoms depends on their relative electronegativity. Electronegativity is a
measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons, the higher its value, the higher
its tendency to attract electrons. Chemical bonds are formed when valence electrons,
the electrons in the outermost electronic “shell” of an atom, interact.
Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together to make compounds or
molecules. It is the connection between atoms in a molecule. These bonds include
both strong intramolecular interactions, such as covalent and ionic bonds. Atoms with
the largest electronegativity differences (such as metals bonding with nonmetals), the
bonding interaction is called ionic, and the valence electrons are typically represented
as being transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal. Once the electrons have
been transferred to the non-metal, both the metal and the non-metal are considered
to be ions. The two oppositely charged ions attract each other to form an ionic
compound.
Example of ionic bond:
Magnesium and fluorine combine to form an ionic compound.
 Mg most commonly forms a 2+ ion. This is because Mg has two valence
electrons and it would like to get rid of those two ions to obey the octet rule.
Fluorine has seven valence electrons and usually forms the F – ion because
it gains one electron to satisfy the octet rule. When Mg2+ and F – combine
to form an ionic compound, their charges must cancel out. Therefore, one
Mg2+ needs two F – ions to neutralize the charge.
Covalent bonds are a class of chemical bonds where valence electrons are
shared between two atoms, typically two nonmetals. The formation of a covalent bond
allows the nonmetals to obey the octet rule and thus become more stable.
For example: fluorine and carbon

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  A fluorine atom has seven valence electrons. If it shares one electron with a
carbon atom (which has four valence electrons), the fluorine will have a full octet
(its seven electrons plus the one it is sharing with carbon).
 Carbon will then have five valence electrons (its four and the one its sharing
with fluorine). Covalently sharing two electrons is also known as a “single bond.”
Carbon will have to form four single bonds with four different fluorine atoms to
fill its octet.
There are two types of covalent bonds: the polar bonds and the nonpolar
covalent bonds. If the electronegativity difference is equal to 0.4, it results to a nonpolar
covalent bond. If the electronegativity difference is less than 1.9 and more than 0.4,
polar covalent is formed.
Difference of Ionic and Covalent Bonds based on their properties
IONIC COVALENT
Types of Atoms Involved
Metals and nonmetals Nonmetals
(Metal, Nonmetal)
Positive ions bonding
Method of
with negative Sharing valence
Bond Formation
ions…Transfer of electrons
(Valence Electrons)
Electrons
Type of Structure Crystalline Molecular
Physical State Gases, liquids, or low
Solid
(Solid, Liquid or Gas) melting point solids
Melting/Boiling Point
High melting point Low melting point
(High or Low)
Solubility in Water? Soluble Insoluble / soluble
High (as liquid)
Electrical Conductivity ? Does not conduct
Low (as solid)
Other Properties Most are hard Flammable

Chemical bonding plays an important role in chemistry. It is indeed hard to

understand but it has an essential to our lives. Let’s energize your brain by doing the
next activity.

What’s More
Score: _______ /15
Activity# 6: The Singing Bond (Band)!
Let us try to loosen up with the technicalities of chemical bonds. This song
may not be within your genre but it’s a very common song you’ve heard in your
favorite radio stations, videoke bar, or hummed by you mother. Join this music just
for fun.
Chemical bonding Song
To the tune of Dancing Queen

First we'll start with ionic bonds,

A metal and nonmetal are involved.

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 The metal gives over electrons, the
nonmetal ... it receives. The atoms
become IONS!

Metals might have 1,2 or 3

Electrons for the nonmetal to receive
It all depends on what's needed, to
make the number 8 For the nonmetals'
outer shell.

AND IF IT HAPPENS FOR THEM ...

They both become IONS ...... CHARGED ATOMS ..... They become IONS!
The metal's positive, the
nonmetal's negative, they
become IONS, oh yeah.
The metal's plus, the nonmetal minus, and
opposites they do attract. So what you get, when
they come together, is an IONIC BOND.

So what about those

covalent bonds? It's
not about loss and
gain of electrons.
Valence electrons they are shared, to
complete the outer shells of the nonmetals set
to bond.

IT'S WHEN NONMETALS JOIN .... to make covalent bonds

With shared electrons ,,,, they're covalent bonds.
Not a transfer, instead they share valence
electrons, oh yeah! Ionic bonds ... covalent
bonds .......................................... both of
them chemical bonds.

How are they made? What's the difference?

Play the song again! Ionic bonds, covalent
bonds ......................................... both chemical
bonds!

Questions:
1. What composes a covalent bond? Hint: 5th stanza of the song
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How did the valence electrons in a covalent compound achieve the octet? Hint:
4th stanza of the song
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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 3. How will you differentiate an ionic compound from covalent compound? Hint:
bonds, type: metal & non-metal
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned Score: _______ /10

Activity # 7: Compare Me Not!!!

Directions: Compare and contrast ionic compound based on their properties such as
melting point, hardness, polarity and electrical and thermal conductivity. On the
left side of the circle write all about ionic, at the center their similarities and on the right
side write all about covalent.
Did you ever wonder how water is formed? What bonds does it work on?

What I Can Do

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Activity # 8: Salt Love Story Score: _______ /5
Directions: Read and understand the story and answer the questions below.

Once upon a time a lonely Sodium (Sodium has only 1 valence electron)
atom was taking a stroll in a park. Suddenly it crossed paths with the most attractive
Chlorine (Chlorine has 7 electrons) atom it had ever seen. The attraction between
the two atoms was obvious, so they exchanged phone numbers. After several
dates for coffee… walks on the beach…watch movie… It was apparent that the
atoms had fallen in love. Since Chlorine has 7 valence electrons and Sodium only
1 valence electron, an ionic can occur between the two atoms by Sodium giving its
1 electron to Chlorine who just needs 1 more electron to have a full outer shell.
“You complete me!!!”, Chlorine atom said. Since one atom is positive and one atom
is negative, the opposite charges cause them to come together in an ionic
compound.
And they became a famous power couple known as Sodium Chloride a.k.a.
Table Salt.
- THE END -

Guide Questions:
1. Who are the characters in the story?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How many valence electrons does sodium and chlorine have?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the type of bond that occurs among them?
___________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Score: _______ /15
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and place it on the corresponding
space before the number.
_____1. Which of the following properties of atoms is the most suitable reference
for the kind of bond that will take place between/ among them?
A. Atomic Size C. Electronegativity
B. Electron Affinity D. Ionization Energy

_____2. When does covalent bonding takes place?

A. When atoms attain stability
B. When atoms collide with one another
C. When the attraction between atoms is strong
D. When atoms share electrons with one another

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_____3. Which of the following types of bonds will have the highest electrical and
thermal conductivity?
A. Ionic bond C. nonpolar covalent bond
B. Metallic bond D. Polar covalent bond

_____4. The kind of chemical bond that will form between two oxygen atoms.
A. Ionic bond C. nonpolar covalent bond
B. Metallic bond D. Polar covalent bond

_____5. Nitrogen(N) belongs to family 5A and it is diatomic. How many nonpolar

covalent bonds will there be in N2 molecule?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
_____6. A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n)
A. covalent bond C. ionic bond
B. crystal bond D. polyatomic bond
_____7. Which of the following compounds will have the highest melting
temperature?
A. Lead wire C. Sodium chloride (salt)
B. Paraffin wax D. Sucrose (table sugar)
_____8. Which of the following two statements about covalent bond are correct?
1. It can be formed between two metal atoms.
2. It can be formed between two non-metal ions.
3. It is formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
4. It is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

A. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3
B. 1 and 4 D. 2 and 4
_____9. Covalent (molecular) compounds do not conduct electricity because
they
A. break up into ions. C. do not dissolve in water.
B. do not break up into ions. D. have high melting points.
_____10. The best example of a non-polar molecule containing polar bonds is
A F2 C. SO2
B. CO2 D. PCl3
_____11. Which of the following is a non-polar molecule?
A. F2O C. PCl3
B. SO2 D. NO21
_____12. The salts NaCl and CaCl
A. are good conductors of electricity C. Are positively charged
B. Held together by ionic bonds D. Both a and b
_____13. Compare to solid ionic compounds, solid covalent compounds generally
A. are harder C. have lower melting points
B. more brittle D. conduct electricity as liquids
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 _____14. Which is a property shared by most covalent compounds?
A. high boiling point C. low melting point
B. high melting point D. good conductor of heat and electricity
_____15. What bond holds the atoms of the elements in group 1 and 2 of the
periodic table?
A. non polar covalent bond C. metallic bond
B. polar Covalent bond D. ionic bond

Additional Activities
Activity # 9: Find me in your Home
Directions: List down at least 5 things you see inside your house that involves ionic
and covalent compounds.
1. ______________________________ Score: _______ /10
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
5.______________________________

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 14
What I know What’s New Compare Me Not!!!
1. C 6. B 11. B 1. Chemical Ionic
2. A 7. D 12. D 2. Metal High Melting and
3. D 8. A 13. B 3. Bonding boiling point
4. D 9. C 14. C 4. Non-Metal Occurs between
5. C 10. B 15. B metal and nonmetal
Unlock Me High polarity
1. Name: Beryllium 1. Melting Point Solid in room temp.
Atomic No.: 4 2. Hardness Conducts electricity
Group No.: 2 3. Thermal Hard
Valence Electron: 2 4. Electrical Covalent
Electronegativity: 5. Polarity Low melting point and
Type: Metal boiling point
2. Name: Sulfur Am I Ionic or Covalent? Form between two
Atomic No.: 16 1. Covalent 7. Ionic non metals
Group No.: 16 2. Ionic 8. Ionic Low polarity
Valence Electron: 6 3. Ionic 9. Ionic Liquid or gas in room
Electronegativity: 4. Covalent 10. Covalent temp.
Type: Non-Metal 5. Covalent 11. Covalent Soft
3. Name: Cerium 6. Covalent 12. Covalent
Atomic No.: 58 B. Similarity
Group No.: 4 1. Mg 6. Cl 11. Ionic Both holds atom
Valence Electron: 2. H 7. O 12. Covalent together to form
Electronegativity: 3. C 8. Cl 13. Covalent molecules
Type: Metal 4. H 9. Cl 14. Covalent
4. Name: Fluorine 5. Na 10. Cl 15. Ionic Assessment:
Atomic No.: 9 1. C 6. A 11. D
Group No.: 17 We Bond through our Negativities 2. D 7. B 12. B
Valence Electron: 2.5 2.1 0.4 NP 3. A 8. D 13. C
Electronegativity: 2.5 0.7 1.7 P 4. D 9. B 14. C
Type: Metal 3.0 2.8 0.2 NP 5. C 10.B 15. C
5. Name: Rubidium 3.0 1.0 2 P
Atomic No.: 37
Group No.: 1 The Singing Bond (Band)
Valence Electron: Questions:
Electronegativity: 1. It is composed of non-metals.
Type: Metal 2. Molecules attain octet when they
6. Name: Tantalum share their electrons
3. Ionic compound occurs between
Atomic No.: 73
metals and non-metals while covalent
Group No.: 5 compound forms among non-metals.
Valence Electron:
Electronegativity:
Type: Metal
Answer Key-Gr9Q2W2 Science
 References
Book
Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., et al. (2014). Science: Learner’s Module. Studio Graphics
Corp.
Links:
Melting point. Retrieved August 12,2020, from
http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/IGOC/M/melting_point.html
Comparison Between Ionic and Covalent Compounds. Retrieved August 12,2020,
fromhttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/comparison-between-
covalent-and-ionic-compounds/
Ionic vs Covalent Bonds: Understand the Difference. Retrieved August 12,2020,
Fromhttps://www.thoughtco.com/ionic-and-covalent-chemical-bond-differences-
606097
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds. Retrieved August 15,2020 from
https://www.thoughtco.com/ionic-and-covalent-compounds-properties-
Ionic Bonding: A love Story. Retrieved August 15,2020, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ImSkT5Romk
Chemical Bonding Song. Retrieved August 15,2020 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylb18F-TeIU
Picture
Periodic Table of Elements: Retrieved from August 13,2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_table_large.svg
Ionic vs Covalent by Periodic Table. Retrieved from August 20,2020
https://www.tes.com/lessons/M9nrsSp8GLuLJg/unit-5-naming-
formula- writing-bonding
Development Team Mi Ultimo Adios
Adios, Patria adorada, region del sol querida, Deja que el sol ardiendo las lluvias evapore
Writer: Charise A. Minor Perla del Mar de Oriente, nuestro perdido Eden! Y al cielo tornen puras con mi clamor en pos,
Editors: Margie Lou C. Jacob A darte voy alegre la triste mustia vida, Deja que un sér amigo mi fin temprano llore
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Tambien por tí la diera, la diera por tu bien.
Kathleen Joy B. Padilla Ora tambien, Oh Patria, por mi descanso á Dios!
Joly C. Baradero En campos de batalla, luchando con delirio Ora por todos cuantos murieron sin ventura,
Reviewer: Sandy R. Albarico Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar; Por cuantos padecieron tormentos sin igual,
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Layout Artist: Cadalso ó campo abierto, combate ó cruel martirio,Por huérfanos y viudas, por presos en tortura
Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar.
Management Team: Y ora por tí que veas tu redencion final.
Majarani M. Jacinto, CESO VI Yo muero cuando veo que el cielo se colora Y cuando en noche oscura se envuelva el cementerio
SDS-ZDS Y al fin anuncia el día trás lóbrego capuz; Y solos sólo muertos queden velando allí,
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Visminda Q. Valde, Ed.D Vierte la sangre mía, derrámala en buen hora Tal vez acordes oigas de citara ó salterio,
Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz.
ASDS Soy yo, querida Patria, yo que te canto á ti.

Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho adolescente, Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada
Raymond M. Salvador, Ed.D Mis sueños cuando joven ya lleno de vigor, No tenga cruz ni piedra que marquen su lugar,
ASDS Fueron el verte un día, joya del mar de oriente Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la azada,
Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente, Y mis cenizas antes que vuelvan á la nada,
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor.
Juliet A. Magallanes, Ed.D El polvo de tu alfombra que vayan á formar.
CID Chief Ensueño de mi vida, mi ardiente vivo anhelo, Entonces nada importa me pongas en olvido,
Salud te grita el alma que pronto va á partir! Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré,
Florencio Caballero Salud! ah que es hermoso caer por darte vuelo, Vibrante y limpia nota seré para tu oido,
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Y en tu encantada tierra la eternidad dormir. Constante repitiendo la esencia de mi fé.
Sandy R. Albarico Si sobre mi sepulcro vieres brotar un dia Mi Patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores,
EPS -Science Entre la espesa yerba sencilla, humilde flor, Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adios.
Acércala a tus labios y besa al alma mía, Ahi te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores.
Y sienta yo en mi frente bajo la tumba fría Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni opresores,
De tu ternura el soplo, de tu hálito el calor. Donde la fé no mata, donde el que reyna es Dios.

Deja á la luna verme con luz tranquila y suave;

Adios, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía,
Deja que el alba envíe su resplandor fugaz,
Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
Deja gemir al viento con su murmullo grave,
Dad gracias que descanso del fatigoso día;
Y si desciende y posa sobre mi cruz un ave
Adios, dulce extrangera, mi amiga, mi alegria,
Deja que el ave entone su cantico de paz.
Adios, queridos séres morir es descansar.

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