9

Science
Quarter 2 - Module 7:
The Variety of Carbon
Compounds

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
Science- Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 7: The Variety of Carbon Compounds
First Edition, 2020

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nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Lyndy C. Arong, Rene R. Ubarco

Members Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief
Ann Q. Solijon, EPS-Science
Sherlita L. Daguisonan, LRMS Manager
Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II
Charlotte D. Quidlat, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Iligan City
Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063)221-6069
E-mail Address: iligan.city@deped.gov.ph
 9
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 7:
The Variety of Carbon
Compounds
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Know (Pretest)

Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write
the letter of your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following statements best describe organic compounds?

A. Organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen.
B. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms only.
C. Organic compounds are compounds that are produced by living things.
D. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon and oxygen only.

2. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?

A. by attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds
B. by sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements
C. by transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements
D. by forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements

3. What is the maximum number of bonds can a carbon atom form?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

4. Emmanuel Juan, a fisherman, went home with some of his catch and told
his son to cook the fish. But his son said, “Father, the stove ran out of fuel
already.” Then his father told him to buy some so that they could start cooking
the fish. Which organic compound do you think the boy will buy?
A. gasoline C. isopropyl alcohol
B. lubricating oil D. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

5. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly flammable?

A. gasoline, acetone C. lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
B. water, ethyl alcohol D. liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene

6. Honey is applying something to the ball bearings of the wheels of her bicycle
so that friction will be minimized. Which of the following material do you think she
is using?
A. vinegar C. kerosene
B. isopropyl alcohol D. lubricating oil

7. A gasoline boy was being scolded by his store manager for smoking in the
vicinity of the gasoline station. Why do you think the manager scolded his
employee?
A. because gasoline is viscous
B. because gasoline has a bad odor
C. because gasoline has a black color
D. because gasoline is volatile and flammable

8. Amidst COVID-19, DOH advised everyone to thoroughly disinfect their hands

with ________.
A. formalin C. acetone
B. isopropyl alcohol D. kerosene

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
1
9. Ethene is a natural gas produced in plants, which acts as a natural ripening
agent of fruits. Which of the following organic compounds has the same ability to
ripen fruits?
A. butane B. propene C. acetylene D. pentyne

10. What is the common use of methane?

A. fertilizer C. fuel
B. disinfectant D. artificial ripening agent

11. Which are TRUE about the use of isopropyl alcohol?

I. Cleaner II. Fuel III. Disinfectant IV. Fertilizer

A. I, II, and III only B. II and III only C. III and IV only D. I and IV only

12. Salvador has to remove the red paint in the paintbrush so that he could still
use it again next time. What organic compound should he use to remove the
paint in the paintbrush?
A. acetic acid B. lubricating oil C. kerosene D. formaldehyde

13. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?

H H H H

A. H–C–C–C–H C. H–C=O

H OH H

H H H

B. H – C – C – OH D. H–CΞC–C–H

H H H

14. What organic compound is used by embalmers in treating human

cadavers?
A. acetic acid B. formaldehyde C. methyl alcohol D. acetone

15. Which compound is an alcohol?

H H H H

A. H–C–C–C–H C. H–C=O

H OH H

H H H

B. H – C – C – OOH D. H–CΞC–C–H

H H H

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 Lesson
The Variety of Carbon
1 Compounds

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. recognize the uses of common organic compounds;

2. describe and identify the properties and uses of alcohols; and
3. describe and identify the properties and uses of ketones and aldehydes.

What’s In

In the previous module, you have learned how the structure of a carbon atom
affects the types of bonds it forms. Carbon forms covalent bonds with atoms of
carbon or other elements. When it bonds only with hydrogen, it forms compounds
called hydrocarbons. You may wonder why you need to study carbon and how it is
important in our daily life.

This module is made for you to learn about the uses and properties of common
organic compounds like alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes and ketones. Simple
activities are provided to help you understand each lesson. Self-tests are also
provided to help you check your understanding and progress in each lesson.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 What’s New

Matching Type: Identify the substances in Column A whether it is organic or

inorganic.

Substance Organic or Inorganic

1. Starch, (C6H10O5)n

https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en
/viewimage.php?image=118933&picture
= container-of-corn-starch

2. Steel, Fe

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S
teel-Dowel-Pins.jpg

3. Neon, Ne

https://www.wallpaperflare.com/teal-and-
purple-risk-neon-signage-risk-neon-graffiti-
lamp-lights-wallpaper-zmaxd

4. Lactose (milk), C12H22O11

https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1362675

5. Ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH

https://www.wallpaperflare.com/search?w
allpaper=ethyl+alcohol

6. Butane, C4H10

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Butane_gas_cylinder.JPG

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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Guide Questions:

1. Which element is common to all organic compounds? ________________

2. What is the most common use for most of the lightweight organic compounds
(fewer than 10 carbon atoms)? ________________

3. How does the composition of organic foods compare to the composition of

organic fuels? ________________

What Is It

Organic compounds are group of compounds that contain the element

carbon. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen combined with other
elements namely oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens (fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine). Ethyl alcohol, acetone, gasoline, naphthalene, acetic
acid, vanillin, acetylene, and esters are just a few examples of many useful organic
compounds. These kinds of compounds are produced by plants and animals.
However, these carbon-containing compounds can also be produced artificially.
There are also organic compounds produced from petroleum such as liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, lubricating oil, and kerosene. These compounds have
different uses in the community such as for fuel, lubrication, cleaner, etc.

Many organic compounds are formed because of the special characteristics of

the element carbon. A carbon atom has four (4) valence electrons. This kind of
atomic structure makes the carbon atom able to form four covalent bonds with atoms
of other elements and other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms can also make many types
of arrangements: single bond, double bond, and triple bond. With these abilities of
the carbon atoms, chemical bonds between carbon atoms and other elements can
form different kinds of compounds with a short and long straight and branched
chained structures such as the following compounds.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 What’s More

Activity 1: Organic Compounds – are they useful?

(adapted and modified from Sci9 LRM, pp. 131-132)
Objective:
In this activity, you will be able to recognize the uses of common organic
compounds.
Materials:
paper and pen pentel/felt-tip pen manila paper
Labels or Pictures of the following products: gasoline, ethanol, acetone, LPG ,
kerosene, ac etic acid

Procedure:
1. Use the labels/pictures of the materials to answer the following questions:

Q1. What do you think are the characteristics of the materials above which
determine their uses?
Q2. Why do you think these kinds of organic compounds are very important?

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 Complete the table about the uses of the compounds. Using a checkmark,
indicate the uses of the compounds. You may have more than one checkmark per
sample depending on its use/s.
Organic compounds and their uses

Organic Compounds
Products Gasoline Ethanol Acetone LPG Kerosene Acetic Acid
Beverage
Food
Uses Antiseptic
Fuel
Cleaner
(*This activity is adapted, with minor modification, from Glencoe Physical Science
Texas Edition.(1997). Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., page 369)

You just learned the important uses of common organic compounds available
at home and in the community. In the next activity, you will learn about the
properties and uses of the carbon compound with functional groups—alcohols,
ketones, and aldehydes.

What’s New

Encircle the word/s from the choices inside the square bracket [ ] that best
completes the sentence.

Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane

have been replaced by an [alkyl, hydroxyl] group. Thus, an alcohol molecule
consists of two parts. The first one has the [alkyl, propyl] and the other has the
hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohol is always significantly [higher, lower] than that of
the alkane, and the boiling points of the alcohol [increase, decreases] as the number
of carbon atoms increases. The patterns in the boiling point reflect the patterns in
[intramolecular, intermolecular] attractions.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 As the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases, the solubility in water
[increases, decreases]. The viscosity of alcohol increases as the size of the molecules
[increases, decreases]. The flammability of alcohol [increases, decreases] as the
size and mass of the molecules increases.

Every kind of organic compound has specific properties or characteristics.

Although these compounds may show similarities in some properties, these
compounds do not have the same properties.

Alcohols are another group of organic compounds. These organic compounds

also have very important uses. Some alcohols are used as antiseptic or disinfectant,
some are used as cleaning agents, others are used as components of liquors and a
few alcohols are used as fuel for portable stoves or other types of burners.

What Is It

Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane

have been replaced by an -OH group. Thus, an alcohol molecule consists of two
parts. The first one has the alkyl group (-CH) and the other has the hydroxyl group
(-OH).
For example:
alkyl hydroxyl OH CH3

CH3 – CH2 – OH CH3 – CH – CH3 CH3 – CH – CH2 – OH

ethanol propan-2-ol 2-methylpropan-1-ol

They have a sweet odor and exhibit a unique set of physical and chemical
properties. The presence of the hydroxyl group is the main factor in determining the
properties of alcohol. Let us now look at the prominent physical properties of alcohol.

Physical Properties of Alcohol

You may ask why it is important. Well, you need to know the physical
properties of these organic compounds to be able to use them for our benefit. Imagine
how would it be if alcohol were not miscible in the water? Therefore, you will look at
the physical properties of alcohol first.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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1. Boiling Points

https://sites.google.com/site/chemistryolp/properties-of-alcohols

The chart above shows the boiling points of the simple primary alcohols with
up to 4 carbon atoms. These boiling points are compared with those of the equivalent
alkanes (methane to butane) with the same number of carbon atoms.

Notice that the boiling

point of alcohol is always
significantly higher than that of
the analogous alkane, and the
boiling points of the alcohols
increase as the number of
carbon atoms increases. The
patterns in the boiling point
reflect the patterns in
intermolecular attractions, that
is, Hydrogen Bonding between
hydroxyl groups of alcohol
molecules. Alkanes, however,
have van der Waals forces as their
intermolecular forces.

Boiling Points of the First 11 Alcohols

https://sites.google.com/site/chemistryolp/properties-of-alcohols

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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2. Solubility in Water

Alcohols are soluble in water. This is due to the hydroxyl group in the alcohol
which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Alcohols with a smaller
hydrocarbon chain are very soluble. As the length of the hydrocarbon chain
increases, the solubility in water decreases, because it requires more energy to
overcome the hydrogen bonds between the alcohol molecules as the molecules are
more tightly packed together as the size and mass increases.

3. Viscosity

Viscosity is the property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause the
fluid to flow. The viscosity of alcohol increases as the size of the molecules
increases. This is because the strength of the intermolecular forces increases,
holding the molecules more firmly in place.

4. Flammability
The flammability of alcohols decreases as the size and mass of the
molecules increases. Combustion breaks the covalent bonds of the molecules, so
as the size and mass of the molecules increases, there are more covalent bonds to
break in order to burn that alcohol. Hence, more energy is required to break the
bonds, therefore the flammability of alcohol decrease as the size and mass of
molecules increases.

Sample Uses of Alcohols

Alcohol Source Use/s

1. Methanol produced by heating wood fuel for automobile engines,
(wood alcohol) chips in the absence of air polar organic solvent

2. Ethanol produced through

fermentation of fruit motor fuel, gasoline
(grain alcohol) juices
made by indirect industrial solvent, rubbing
3. Isopropyl alcohol hydration of propylene alcohol
automotive antifreeze, an
ingredient in hydraulic
4. Ethylene glycol glycol made from ethylene fluids, printing inks and
paint solvents, a reagent for
explosives, polyesters, etc.
by-product of soap primary explosive in
5. Glycerol manufacture, through the dynamite, coronary
saponification; vasodilator, solvent,
(glycerine) obtained by fermentation moisturizer, antifreeze,
from molasses and sugar lubricant, etc.

Alcohols have many uses in our everyday world. They can be found in
beverages, antifreeze, antiseptics, and fuels. They can be used as preservatives for
specimens in science, and they can be used in industry as reagents and solvents
because they display an ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar substances.
Alcohols are an important class of molecules with many scientific, medical, and
industrial uses.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 What’s More

Activity 2: Alcohols and Their Uses

(adapted and modified from Sci9 LRM)
Objective:
In this activity, you will be able to recognize the uses and properties of
alcohols.
Materials:
paper and pen pentel pen/ felt-tip pen manila paper
Labels or pictures of the following products:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/fdaphotos/42408980650 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleaner_
(Alcohol).jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_63_- https://pxhere.com/en/photo/750433
_The_Hard_Stuff..._Hand_sanitizer.jpg

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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Procedure:

1. Read the labels of the products that contain alcohol.

2. Complete the table below, by writing the names of the products and the
alcohol compounds that are present in the labels of the product and their
uses.

Name of Percent (%) or

Name of Alcohol/s amount of
Uses
Products Present in the alcohol in the
Product Product

Q1. What are the common products that contain alcohol?

Q2. Why are these alcohols important?

3. Use the following illustrations of the structures of common alcohols to answer

the following questions.

Q3. What types of bonds are present in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and
isopropyl alcohol?

Q4. What accounts for the similar physical properties of alcohol?

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 What’s New

Word Search: Find the hidden words in the box. The hidden words are written in all
directions, written from left to right or from right to left, horizontally,
vertically, and diagonally, but these are always on one straight line.

N O M A N N I C H O U S L

S I S O L U B I L I T Y F

U A L O G T E R M I N A L

N O B L L H Y K L O E M E

E N G N I L I O B Q G N M

T N W T E N I R O W N M U

R A O G R R A D I S U A F

E N O T E C A V L Z P G R

S A L D E H Y D E X R E E

M U E N A K L A R U X V P

acetone boiling ketone solubility

aldehyde carbonyl perfume terminal
alkane cinnamon pungent vanillin

What are the smallest ketone and simplest aldehyde? The simplest aldehyde
is formaldehyde and the smallest ketone is acetone. Aldehydes and ketones in
combination with other functional groups are widely available in nature. There are
many essential uses of aldehydes and ketones, and they form an inevitable part of
many industrial processes. Aldehydes and ketones are widespread in nature
including plants, microorganisms, animals, and humans.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 What Is It

Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl group, -C=O-. In aldehydes,

the carbonyl group is located at the terminal end of the molecule, whereas in
ketones, the carbonyl group is located anywhere between the two terminal ends
of the molecule.
For example (aldehyde):
alkyl carbonyl

H–C CH3 – C CH3 – CH2 – C

H H H
methanal ethanal propanal

In aldehydes, the carbonyl group has one hydrogen atom attached to it

together with either a 2nd hydrogen atom or a hydrogen group which may be an
alkyl group or one containing a benzene ring.
You can notice that all these have the same end to the molecule. The only
difference is the complexity of the other attached group.

For example (ketone):

alkyl carbonyl

H–C CH3 – C CH3 – CH2 – C

CH3 CH2 - CH3 CH2 - CH3
propanone butanone pentan-3-one

In ketones, the carbonyl group has 2 hydrocarbon groups attached to it.

These can be either the ones containing benzene rings or alkyl groups. Ketone does
not have a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group.

The simplest aldehyde is formaldehyde which has an irritating and pungent

odor and is soluble in water. While the acetone is the simplest and most important
ketone - which is colorless with pungent and sweet odor.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones

1. Boiling Points
Methanal is a gas (boiling point -21°C), and ethanal has a boiling point of
+21°C. That means that ethanal boils at close to room temperature. The other
aldehydes and the ketones are liquids, with boiling points rising as the molecules
get bigger. The size of the boiling point is governed by the strengths of the
intermolecular forces.

Molecule Type Boiling Point (◦C)

CH3CH2CH3 alkane -42
CH3CHO aldehyde +21
CH3CH2OH alcohol +78

Notice that the aldehyde (with dipole-dipole attractions as well as dispersion

forces) has a boiling point higher than the similarly sized alkane which only has
dispersion forces. However, the aldehyde's boiling point isn't as high as the alcohols.
In alcohol, there is hydrogen bonding as well as the other two kinds of intermolecular
attraction.
In general, as the size of the molecules increases, the boiling point of the
molecule increases due to the increase in Van der Waals forces between them. The
boiling point of aldehydes and ketones is higher than that of alkanes and ethers of
similar molecular mass, however, it is significantly less compared to that of alcohols
and carboxylic acids due to the absence of H-bonding in aldehydes and ketones.
2. Solubility in Water
The lower members of aldehydes and ketones such as methanal, propanone,
etc. are miscible with water in all proportions because they form a hydrogen bond
with water. As the length of the alkyl chain increases, the solubility of aldehydes
and ketones decreases rapidly because the number of carbon atoms increases in
the chain. All aldehydes and ketones are fairly soluble in organic solvents like
benzene, ether, methanol, chloroform, etc.
3. Odor
The lower aldehydes have sharp pungent odors. However, as the size of the
molecule increases, the odor becomes less pungent and more fragrant.

Sample Uses of Aldehydes & Ketones

Compounds of plants and microorganisms containing aldehydes and ketones

include cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon bark, Citra in lemongrass, vanillin in vanilla
bean, carvone in spearmint and caraway, helminthosporal- a fungal toxin, and
camphor in camphor trees. Hormones of animal and human origin contain aldehydes
and ketones such as muscone in musk deer, female sex hormone- progesterone, male
sex hormone-testosterone, and adrenal hormone- cortisone.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 A famous ketone “methadone” helps in curing addiction of opiates such as
heroin, opium, and morphine. In this topic, we will study the many uses of aldehydes
and ketones.

Aldehydes Source Use/s

used for preserving tissue
pressed-wood products specimens and embalming
1. Formaldehyde
containing formaldehyde bodies; used to sterilize soil
(formalin)
resins or other materials; used in
the manufacture of Bakelite
Aldehydes Source Use/s
occurs naturally in coffee, used for the production of
2. Acetaldehyde
bread, and ripe fruit, and acetic acid and pyridine
(ethanal)
is produced by plants derivatives
from various plant
sources, e.g. banana,
3. Propionaldehyde melon, pineapple, bread,
flavoring agent
(propanal) coffee, cooked rice, and
strawberry or apple
aroma
used in perfumes, cosmetic
products, and dyes; provide
extracted from several
4. Benzaldehyde almond flavor to food
natural sources
products; used as a bee
repellent
Ketones Source Use/s
solvent for lacquer,
1. Dimethyl ketone acetylene, plastics, and
cumene process
(acetone) varnishes; paint and
varnish remover; solvent
Industrial solvent;
2. Butanone manufacture of plastics and
trees and some fruits
(methyl ethyl ketone) textiles; paint remover;
cleaning agent
oxidation of cyclohexane used in the production of
3. Cyclohexanone
in air nylon

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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 What’s More

Look around your household, find items or substances that you think belongs
to aldehydes and ketones. List down at least five (5) of these items in the table and
cite their uses.
Substance/Item Use/s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What I Have Learned

I. Complete the table about the uses of the compounds. Using a checkmark, indicate
the uses of the compounds. You may have more than one checkmark per sample
depending on its use/s.

Organic Compounds
Ethyl Acetic
Products Formaldehyde Diesel Butane Kalburo
alcohol Acid
Beverage
Food
Antiseptic
Uses Fuel
Cleaner
Preservative
Ripener

II. Choose the correct statement which completes the sentence. Write your answer
on your answer sheet.
1. Aldehydes and ketones contain the
○ carbonyl group
○ alkyl group
2. The smallest ketone is
○ formalin
○ acetone
3. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is located
○ anywhere between the two terminal ends of the molecule
○ at the terminal end of the molecule

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
17
 4. Ethanal boils at close to
○ room temperature
○ desert temperature
5. As the size of the aldehyde and ketone molecules increases, their boiling point
○ increases
○ decreases
6. Methanal and propanone are miscible with water in all proportions because
they
○ form covalent bond with water
○ form hydrogen bond with water
7. As the length of the alkyl chain increases, the solubility of aldehydes and
ketones
○ decreases
○ increas

What I Can Do

Activity 3: Which bananas will ripen faster?

(adapted and modified from Sci9 LRM)

Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a compound that is commonly known as

kalburo. Fruit vendors use this substance to speed up the ripening of fruits like
mangoes and bananas in just a couple of days. When calcium carbide reacts with
water such as moisture in the air, ethyne gas is produced. Ethyne or commonly
known as acetylene is a kind of alkyne.

Objective:

In this activity, you will be able to investigate how a common organic

compound namely ethyne can ripen fruits faster than the natural way.
Materials:
Calcium carbide (kalburo) hand gloves
Newspapers face masks
12 unripe, green bananas of same variety small plastic cups
2 empty shoe or fruit juice boxes packaging tape

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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Procedure:

1. Using a sheet of newspaper, wrap ¼ kilo (250g) of crushed calcium carbide

(kalburo). Make sure that the wrapped calcium carbide will just be enough to
fit the area of the bottom of a shoebox.
2. Put the wrapped calcium carbide at the bottom of the shoebox and cover it
with another piece of newspaper.
3. Place 3 unripe (nearing maturity) bananas of the same kind inside the first
box with calcium carbide. This will be Setup A.
4. Do not put wrapped calcium carbide in the other shoebox.
5. Place another set of 3 green, unripe bananas of the same kind in the second
box. This will be Setup B.
6. After putting all the bananas in both setups, cover both boxes.
7. Leave the shoeboxes for 48 hours.

Q1. What are you going to find out or investigate in the experiment?
Q2. What is/are the independent variable/s?
Q3. What is the dependent variable in the experiment?
Q4. Write your hypothesis or prediction about what might happen in the
experiment.

8. Open both setups after 2 or 3 days. Observe what happened to the bananas.
Write your observation in the data below.

Observations
Group Number of Ripe Bananas and their
Appearance

A (with calcium carbide)

B (without calcium carbide)

Q5. How many bananas ripened in Setup A and in Setup B?

Q6. Which setup has fully ripened the bananas?
Q7. What conclusion can you draw based on the results of your experiment?
Q8. Look for the properties of ethyne and explain how it can hasten the
ripening of fruits?
In this activity, you were able to observe how ethyne or acetylene,
which is an alkyne, can make banana ripen faster. This is just one of the
many applications of acetylene.

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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Summary
 Organic compounds such as gasoline, kerosene, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl
alcohol, formaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, and lubricating oil have important
uses. These uses are based on their specific chemical properties
 Ethyne or commonly known as acetylene is an alkyne hydrocarbon with a
chemical formula C2H2. This organic compound is commonly used as fuel in
an oxy-acetylene welding torch. Ethyne (acetylene) is also produced when
Calcium carbide, CaC2, reacts with water in the air. It has the ability to hasten
the ripening of fruits. That is why fruit vendors use calcium carbide in ripening
their fruits in just a few days.
 Ethene is a gaseous organic compound with a chemical formula CH 2CH2. It is
a plant’s compound that is responsible for the ripening of fruits.
 Alcohols are a group of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group, -
OH, that is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the compound. They have
special uses such as a disinfectant, fuel, and as the main component (ethyl
alcohol) of liquor and other alcoholic drinks.
 Carbonyl compounds like acetone and formaldehyde have a carbonyl
functional group, C=O, which is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the
compound. These common carbonyl compounds also have important uses:
acetone is used as a cleaning agent like a nail polish remover, and
formaldehyde is used in preserving organic materials like an animal specimen.
Formaldehyde is also the compound used in embalming human cadavers.

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write
the letter of your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Honey is applying something to the ball bearings of the wheels of her bicycle
so that friction will be minimized. Which of the following material do you think she
is using?
A. vinegar C. kerosene
B. isopropyl alcohol D. lubricating oil

2. A gasoline boy was being scolded by his store manager for smoking in the
vicinity of the gasoline station. Why do you think the manager scolded his
employee?
A. because gasoline is volatile and flammable
B. because gasoline has a bad odor
C. because gasoline is viscous
D. because gasoline has a black color

3. Amidst COVID-19, DOH advised everyone to thoroughly disinfect their hands

with ________.
A. formalin C. kerosene
B. isopropyl alcohol D. acetone

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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4. Ethene is a natural gas produced in plants, which acts as a natural ripening
agent of fruits. Which of the following organic compounds has the same ability to
ripen fruits?
A. butane B. propene C. acetylene D. pentyne

5. What is the common use of methane?

A. disinfectant C. artificial ripening agent
B. fertilizer D. fuel

6. Which are TRUE about the use of isopropyl alcohol?

I. Cleaner II. Fuel III. Disinfectant IV. Fertilizer
A. I, II, and III only B. II and III only C. III and IV only D. I and IV only

7. Salvador has to remove the red paint in the paintbrush so that he could still
use it again next time. What organic compound should he use to remove the
paint in the paintbrush?
A. acetic acid B. lubricating oil C. kerosene D. formaldehyde

8. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?

H H H H

A. H–C–C–C–H C. H–C=O

H OH H

H H H

B. H – C – C – OH D. H–CΞC–C–H

H H H

9. What organic compound is used by embalmers in treating human cadavers?

A. acetic acid B. formaldehyde C. methyl alcohol D. acetone

10. Which compound is an alcohol?

H H H H

A. H–C–C–C–H C. H–C=O

H OH H

H H H

B. H – C – C – OOH D. H–CΞC–C–H

H H H

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
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11. Which of the following statements best describe organic compounds?
A. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon and oxygen only.
B. Organic compounds are compounds that are produced by living things.
C. Organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen.
D. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms only.

12. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?

A. by attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds
B. by forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements
C. by sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements
D. by transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements

13. What is the maximum number of bonds can a carbon atom form?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

14. Emmanuel Juan, a fisherman, went home with some of his catch and told
his son to cook the fish. But his son said, “Father, the stove ran out of fuel
already.” Then his father told him to buy some so that they could start cooking
the fish. Which organic compound do you think the boy will buy?
A. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
B. gasoline
C. lubricating oil
D. isopropyl alcohol

15. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly flammable?

A. gasoline, acetone C. lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
B. water, ethyl alcohol D. liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
22
 23
CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
What I know: Pre-Test What’s New
1. A 1. Organic
2. D 2. Inorganic
3. C 3. Inorganic
4. D 4. Organic
5. D 5. Organic
6. D 6. Organic
7. D Q1. C
8. B Q2. Fuel
9. C Q3. Tested foods contain C, H,
10. C and O; fuels contain only C and
11. A H
12. C
13. C
14. B
15. A
What’s New
What’s More 1. Hydroxyl
2. Alkyl
I. Formaldehyde – 3. Higher
Preservative 4. Increases
Diesel – Fuel 5. Intermolecular
Ethyl alcohol – Antiseptic, 6. Decreases
Beverage, Fuel 7. Increases
Butane – Fuel 8. Decreases
Kalburo – Ripener
Acetic acid – Food,
Antiseptic Assessment: Post-Test
II. Butane, alkane
CH3(CH2)5CH3, alkane 1. D
2. A
Hexane, alkane 3. B
4. C
CH3(CH2)8CH3, alkane 5. D
2-butene, alkene 6. A
7. C
Propyne, alkyne 8. C
9. B
Propene, alkene 10. A
11. C
2-pentyne, alkyne 12. B
13. C
14. A
15. D
Answer Key
References

Abistado, Jonna M. and others. Science Links (Chemistry). Rex Book Store, Manila,
Phils.

Chang, Raymond. (1994). Chemistry Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc. United States
of America

Dickson, T. R. (1991). Study Guide, Introduction to Chemistry 6th Edition. John

Wiley & Sons, Inc. United States of America

Espania, Nueva and Apostol, Joy A. Science and Tech. Chemistry III. Abiva
Publishing House Inc., Quezon City.

Glencoe Physical Science. (1997). McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Kotz, John c., Treichel, Paul M., and Townsend, John R. (2010). Chemistry &
Chemical Reactivity Enhanced Edition. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.

Properties of alcohols. https://sites.google.com/site/chemistryolp/properties-of-

alcohols

S. N. Naik .(2011). Ripening- an important process in fruit development. Head.

Centre for Rural Development & Technology, IIT Delhi . Retrieved from :
http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/chemistry_application_2011/briefs/Fruit_ripening
_by_Prof_S.N._Nai_IIT_Delhi.pdf

Science 9 Learner’s Module, DEPED Philippines, (2014).

Teaching Resource Package S & T III-Chemistry. (1992). The Philippine-Australian

Science and Mathematics Education Project (PASMEP), University of the Philippines
Institute of Science and Mathematics Education Development, and The Department
of Education Culture and Sports (DECS)

CO_Q2_Science 9_ Module 7
24
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