9

Science
Quarter 2 - Module 5:
Classes and Uses of Organic Compounds

AIRs - LM
LU_Q2_Science 9_Module5
 SCIENCE 9
Quarter 2 - Module 5: Classes and Uses of Organic Compounds
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written
permission from the copyright owners.

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LU_Q2_Science 9_Module5
 9
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 5: Classes
and Uses of Organic
Compounds

LU_Q2_Science 9_Module5

1 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you

LU_Q2_Science9_Module5

2 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Target

In this module, you will learn about the uses and properties of common
organic compounds like hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids
and alcohols.
To help you understand the module, you will be doing the following activities
in each lesson:
Lesson 1: Properties and Uses of Organic Compounds

• Organic Compounds and Their Uses

• Properties of Organic Compounds

Lesson 2: The Hydrocarbons

• Hydrogen and Oxygen: The Backbone

• Acetone and Formalin: Useful or Harmful?

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds (S9MT-IIh-18)

Specifically, the activities will enable you to:

• identify different organic compound

• name some properties and uses of organic compounds

• Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds

Pre-Test
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Multiple Choice: Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write
the letter of the correct answer of a separate sheet of paper
1. Which are true about organic compounds?
I Organic compounds contain
calcium II Organic compounds
contain carbon
III Organic compounds can be produced by living organisms
IV Organic compounds can be produced artificially
A. I, II and III only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. II, III and IV
only
2. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?
A. By attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds
B. By forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements
C. By sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements
D. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements
3. Ethyne is also known as acetylene a Hydrocarbon and the simplest alkynes
which is a product of calcium carbide. What is the common use of ethyne
A. antibiotic B. artificial ripening agent
C. disinfectant D. fertilizer
4. The active ingredient in alcoholic drinks is generally referred to as “alcohol”.
What do you call the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages?
A. denatured alcohol B. ethyl alcohol
C. methyl alcohol D. isopropyl alcohol
5. Alnica wants to preserve a fish for her project in Biology class. What kind
of compound should she use to preserve the fish?
A. acetic acid B. acetone
C. formaldehyde D. methyl alcohol
6. Aries wants to protect his bicycle parts from rusting fast. Which of the
following material do you think will Aries use?
A. isopropyl alcohol B. kerosene
C. methyl alcohol D. vinegar
7. Joey’s car stopped at the middle of the road. He found out that his car ran
out of fuel. Which compound must he buy?
A. gasoline B. kerosene
C. lubricating oil D. water
8. Which are TRUE about the use of ethyl alcohol?
I medicine II disinfectant III fuel IV fertilizer
A. I and II only B. III and IV only C. II and III only D. I and IV only
9. Flammability is the ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, causing fire or
combustion. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly
flammable?
A. acetone, gasoline
B. ethyl alcohol, water
C. liquefied petroleum gas, isopropyl alcohol
D. lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
10. Veronica wants to change her nail polish because it does not look good
with her new dress. What must she use to remove her nail polish?
A. acetic acid B. acetone
C. formaldehyde D. lubricating oil

11. Hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and

4 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 carbon. What are hydrocarbon compounds that only have single bond in the
compound?
A. alkanes B. alkenes C. alkynes D. butyne
12. Due to carbon’s unique bonding patterns, hydrocarbons can have single,
double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms. Which hydrocarbon
compound has a triple bond in the molecule?
A. ethane B. ethyne C. methane D. octane
13. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure
below belong?
H H
C C
H H
A. alkane B. alkene C. alkyne D. methyne
14. Biogas is a renewable energy source produced by the breakdown of organic
matter such as agricultural waste, manure and food waste. What does biogas
mostly contain?
A. LPG B methane C. propane D. Octane
15. Alkanes have low melting point because of the very weak forces between alkane
molecules. Which alkane will most likely have a very low boiling point?
A. Butane B. Hexane C. Pentane D. Propane

5 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 LESSON 1 Properties and Uses of Organic
Compounds

Jumpstart

Plastics, dyes, medicines, insecticide, flavorings, oil, synthetic and natural

fibers, perfumes and petroleum products consist chiefly of organic compound.
Almost anything you see anywhere is made of organic compounds. How do we
explain the great variety of carbon compounds?

Discover

Organic Compounds: Are They Useful?

Organic compounds are group of compounds that contain carbon atoms

covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms (C-H bonds). Organic compounds are formed
from chains of covalently linked carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached to
the chain (a hydrocarbon backbone). This means that all organic compounds have
in common the presence of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. Moreover, different
organic compounds may contain oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and other
elements. Carbon dioxide (CO2) does not have hydrogen; then, it is not an organic
compound, likewise with water (H2O) that has no carbon; then, it is not an organic
compound.

The Physical Properties of Carbon

Electronegativity 2.55
Covalent radius 0.077 nm

Carbon has four valence electrons, and it must either gain four electrons or lose
four electrons to reach a rare-gas configuration. The electronegativity value of carbon
is too small for carbon to gain electrons from most elements to form C4- ions, and too
large for carbon to lose electrons to form C4+ ions. This kind of atomic structure makes
the Carbon atom able to form covalent bonds with atom of other elements.

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The Physical Properties of Carbon

Carbon atom can also combine with other atoms in single, double, or triple
bonds likewise links with other carbon atoms forming long chain, ring, zigzag and
network compounds. This special characteristic of the element carbon accounts for
the variety of Carbon compounds

Early scientist believed that carbon compounds were derived only from plants
and animals. However, this was disproved by the accidental synthesis of urea (an
organic compound) from ammonium chloride and silver cyanide by Friedrich Wohler.
Many carbon containing compounds can be produced artificially like liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, lubricating oil and kerosene. These compounds have
different uses at home or in the community.

Explore
Activity 1: Organic Compounds and Their Uses

Objective:

• Recognize the uses of common organic compounds

Directions: Indicate the uses of the given compounds using a check (/)
mark. You may have more than one check mark per compound
depending on its uses

Organic USES
Compounds
Antiseptic Cosmetics Medicine Beverage Fuel Food Cleaner
Facial
Cream
Antibiotics
LPG
Vinegar
Betadine
Vegetable
oil
Penicillin
Baking
soda
Acetone
Kerosene

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Guide Questions
1. Which compound can be used as cleaner? Antiseptic? Fuel? Medicine? For
food/Beverages and for cosmetics?
2. Why do you think these kinds of organic compounds are very important?

Deepen

Activity 1A: Properties of Common Organic Compounds

Objectives: Recognize the properties of common organic compounds

Materials:
Alcohol diesel oil LPG/alcohol lamp
Acetone vegetable oil crude oil
Shampoo honey denatured alcohol
Kkerosene medicine dropper 4 pcs. plastic beads
110 test tubes/bottle with cover 4 pcs ¼ sheet of bond paper
watch glass/ bottle crowns (tansan)
Graduated cylinder/clear bottle

Caution: Follow the procedure carefully because you are about to use
flammable substances. Prepare sand or wet rags to be used in
case of fire.

8 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
Procedure:
1. Use the table below to record your data

Materials Phase Odor Flammability Viscosity Volatility

Alcohol
Diesel oil
LPG
Acetone
Vegetable
oil
Crude oil
Shampoo
honey
Denatured
alcohol
kerosene

A. Odor/Phase
1. Place 10 ml of each compound in the ten identical test tubes and
label according to the liquid it contains
2. Observe the compound and record the phase and odor of the
materials on the table
Guide Questions:
1.Which material have strong odor?
2.Describe the material in terms of phase
3.Is is important to know the properties of these kinds or organic
compounds? Why

B. VISCOSITY
1. Drop one plastic bead in each test tube containing 10 ml of each
materials and then cover it tightly with a cork
2. Invert the test tube simultaneously so that the bead falls and
touches the cork.
3. Quickly turn the test tube in an upright position. Determine the time
it takes the bead to fall

Guide Questions:
1.Which material is most viscous and non-viscous?
2. Describe viscosity based from the result of the activity

C. VOLATILITY
1. Using a medicine dropper, put two drops of each liquid material on
the separate watch glass simultaneously
2. Record the time it takes the papers to get dry.
Guide Questions
1.Which material is volatile and non-volatile?
2. Describe volatility based from the result of the activity
D. FLAMMABILITY
1. Place a cotton bud on each watch glass
2. Wet the cotton buds with 10 drops of the liquid material
3. Ignite each using a lighted match
4. Record your observation on the table
9 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
Guide Questions
1.Which materials are flammable?
2.Describe flammability based from the result of the activity

Activity 1 B
Direction: Using the same materials in your Activity 1A Identify their similarities
and differences based on their properties through Venn diagram.

Flammability

Viscosity Volatility

10 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Gauge
Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.

1. It is important to have knowledge about the properties and uses of

compounds

2. Ethyl alcohol is flammable

3. Lubricating oil is viscous material

4. Acetic acid can be used to treat fungal infection

5. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen only

6. Ethanol is used as main ingredient in liquors

7. Vegetable oil has high viscosity rate

8 Acetone is a volatile material

9.. Organic Compounds can be produced by plants and animals only

10. Carbon atoms has four valence electrons

11 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Lesson 1 The Hydrocarbons

Jumpstart

An organic compound consisting only of hydrogen and carbon atoms is

called hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated or unsaturated.
When all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, the compound is
classified as saturated. The saturated hydrocarbons are also known as
Alkane. However, when the carbon is double or triple bonded to carbon,
the compound is classified as unsaturated. Alkene and Alkynes are classified
as unsaturated.

One very good example of alkyne is ethyne. Ethyne is commonly known

as acetylene which is a product of calcium carbide that reacts with water such
as moisture in the air. Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a compound that is
commonly known as kalburo. Fruit vendors use this substance to speed up
the ripening of fruits like mangoes and bananas in just a couple of days.

12 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Discover

Table 1.1 Alkanes

Boiling
Name Phase Structural Formula Condensed
) Structural Point
Formula (0C)

Methane Gas r CH4 -162

Ethane Gas CH3CH3 - 89

Propane Gas CH3CH2CH3 - 42

Butane Gas CH3CH2CH2CH3 -0.5

Pentane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 36

Hexane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 69

Heptane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 98

Octane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 126

13 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
Table 1.2 ALKENES

Table 2. Alkenes
Name Phase Structural Formula Condensed Structural Boiling
Formula Point
(0C)

Ethene Gas CH2=CH2 -104

Propene Gas CH2=CHCH3 -47

1-Butene Gas
CH2=CHCH2 CH3 -6
-6

1-Pentene Liquid CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 30

1-Hexene Liquid CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH3 30 -----

63

14 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Table 1.3 ALKYNES

Name Phase Condensed Structural Chemical Boiling Point

Formula Formula
Ethyne Gas HC=C-H C2H2 -84
Propyne Gas CH=C-CH3 C3H4 -47
2-Butyne Gas CH3C=C-CH3 C4H6 8.08
Pentyne Liquid HC=C-CH2CH2CH3 C5H8 40.2

Alcohol-Hydroxyl Group
Alcohol is a homologous series in which the compounds contain functional group
called hydroxyl group (-OH). The general molecular formula for alcohols is CnH2n+1OH.
Alcohol are derivatives of hydrocarbons in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in
the hydrocarbon have been replaced by a hydroxyl group. The four and most simplest
common alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol

15 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Ethyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Methyl Alcohol

Acetone and Formalin: Carbonyl Group

A carbonyl group is a chemically organic functional group composed of a carbon
atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom --> [C=O]. The simplest carbonyl groups are
aldehydes and ketones usually attached to another carbon compound.
Acetone and formalin are examples of simple carbonyl containing compounds
which have common uses. Acetone is used as a cleaning agent like a nail polish remover
and formaldehyde is used in preserving organic materials and to treat human cadavers

HO H
H-C-C C-H Acetone
H H

O
C Formaldehyde
H H

16 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Explore

Activity 1: Hydrogen and Carbon: The Backbone

I Objective: Recognize the structures of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes to their
properties
II Procedure: Base from the given concepts, answer the following questions
Guide Questions
1. What are the types of bonds that link between two carbon atoms in alkane,
alkene and alkyne?
2. What is the relationship between the boiling point and the number of Carbon
atom present in each compound?
3. What hydrocarbons are gases and liquids?
4. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases while others are liquid?

Activity 2: Acetone and Formalin: Useful or Harmful?

I Objectives:
1.Recognize the harmful effects of acetone and formalin
II Do a research work on the structural formula, uses and harmful
effects of formaldehyde and acetone

Materials Structural Formula Uses Harmful Effect

Formaldehyde
Acetone

Guide Questions:
1. What type of bonds do formalin and acetone have in their structures?
2. What are the common uses of formalin and acetone?
3. What are the health risks of formalin and acetone?

17 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 Deepen
Identification

Direction: Identify whether the following descriptions is Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne. Write
A if it is alkane, E for Alkene and Y for Alkyne. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Are hydrocarbons that have single bond.
2. Are hydrocarbons that have triple bond
3. Acetylene is commonly used as fuel in an oxy-acetylene welding torch
4. Are hydrocarbon that have double bonds between carbon atoms
5. CH2=CHCH3
6. CH2=CH2
7. CH4
8. CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
9. C5H12
10. C3H8

Matching Type
Direction: Match the description/uses in column A with the terms in column B. Write the letter
of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper

Column A Column B

1. Used to treat human cadaver A. Calcium carbide

2. Is produced by the oxidation of ethanol by bacteria B. Formaldehyde
3. Commonly known as kalburo that is used to speed C. Ethyl alcohol
ripening of fruits
4. Main component of liquor D. Ethyne
5. Commonly known as acetylene with a chemical E. Acetic acid
formula C2H2

Gauge

Word Search Puzzle

Direction: Search for the hydrocarbon compounds in the puzzle below. Write its
chemical formula and indicate the useful or harmful effects.

O C T A N E H E P X Y W
P R O B I S E M R W H P
E H I B J L H O R O C R
N P E M U M H E O P P O
T E E X A T B C P E E P
A N T E A E A D A N T E
N T H N F N G N N T H N
E E A T I J E H E Y E E
H N N N B U T A M N N B
P E E T H Y N E X E E C
18 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
Post Test
I. Multiple Choice: Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write
the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper
1. Almost anything you see anywhere is made of organic compounds. How do
carbon atoms form many organic compounds?
A. By attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds
B. By forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements
C. By sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements
D. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements
2. Jerry wants to protect his bicycle parts from rusting fast. Which of the
following material do you think will Aries use?
A. isopropyl alcohol C. isopropyl alcohol
B. kerosene D. vinegar
3. Jay-ar’s car stopped at the middle of the road. She found out that his car ran
out of fuel. Which compound must he buy?
A. Gasoline B. Kerosene
C. lubricating oil D. water
4. Which are true about organic compounds?
I Organic compounds contain calcium
II Organic compounds contain carbon
III Organic compounds can be produced by living organisms.
IV Organic compounds can be produced artificially
A. I, II and III only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. II,
III and IV only
5. Flammability is the ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, causing fire or
combustion. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly
flammable?
A. acetone, gasoline B. ethyl alcohol, water
C. liquefied petroleum gas, isopropyl alcohol D. lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
6. Margareth wants to change her nail polish because it does not look good with
her new dress. What must she use to remove her nail polish?
A. acetic acid B. acetone
C. formaldehyde D. lubricating oil
7. Ethyne is also known as acetylene a Hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne which
is a product of calcium carbide. What is the common use of ethyne?
A. antibiotic B. artificial ripening agent
C. disinfectant D. fertilizer
8. The active ingredient in alcoholic drinks is generally referred to as “alcohol”. What
do you call the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages?
A. denatured alcohol B. ethyl alcohol
C. methyl alcohol D. isopropyl alcohol
9. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure below
belongs?
H H
C C
H H
A. alkane B. alkene C. alkyne D. methyne
10. Biogas is a renewable energy source produced by the breakdown of organic matter
such as agricultural waste, manure, and food waste. What does biogas mostly
contain?
A. LPG B methane C. propane D. Octane
11. Alkanes have low melting point because of the very weak forces between alkane
19 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 molecules. Which alkane will most likely have a very low boiling point?
A. Butane B. Hexane C. Pentane D. Propane
12. Which are TRUE about the use of ethyl alcohol?
I medicine II disinfectant III fuel IV fertilizer
A. I and II only B. III and IV only C. II and III only D. I and IV only
13. Alicia wants to preserve a fish for her project in Biology class. What kind of
compound should she use to preserve the fish?
A. acetic acid B. acetone
C. formaldehyde D. methyl alcohol
14. Hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and
carbon. What are hydrocarbon compounds that only have single bond in the
compound?
A. alkanes B. alkenes C. alkynes D. butyne
15. Due to carbon’s unique bonding patterns, hydrocarbons can have single, double, or
triple bonds between the carbon atoms. Which hydrocarbon compound has a triple
bond in the molecule?
B. ethane B. ethyne C. methane D. octane

20 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 KEY ANSWER

Lesson 1:

Lesson 2:

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22 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
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References
➢ Learner’s Module, K-12 Grade 9 Science (Second Quarter, Science 9).
➢ Mapa, Amelia, Fidelino, Trinidad B and Rabago Lilia M. Chemistry Textbook.
SD Publications, Inc.
➢ http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/1organic/organic.html

➢ https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Human_Anatom
y_and_Physiology_Preparatory_Course_(Liachovitzky)/03%3A_Molecular_Level-
_Biomolecules_the_Organic_Compounds_Associated_With_Living_Organisms/3.01%3A_Organ
ic_Compounds

➢ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/vinegar

➢ https://sites.google.com/site/chemistryolp/what-are-alcohols

➢ https://azchemistry.com/what-are-common-uses-of-acetone-and-formalin

26 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
launion@deped.gov.ph
lrm.launion@deped.gov.ph

27 LU_Q2_Science9_Module5