HEALTH CARE AGENCIES & THEIR

ROLES

PRAMOD KUMAR
NURSING TUTOR
TMCON
WHO
 Objectives of WHO
Main Objective:
“the attainment by all peoples of the
highest level of health”which is set out in
the preamble of the constitution.
 Objectives in the Preamble of WHO:
• Complete state of physical,mental and social well being
• No discrimination in path of attainment of highest
standard of health.
• Good Health is for attainment of peace and security.
• Good health is valued to all
• Equal development in promotion and control of
disease in all the countries
• Extension to all people of the benefits of medical,
psychological and related knowledge.
• Informed opinion and active co-operation
 Membership in WHO

• Open to all countries.

• Most of the members of both the UN and the WHO.
• Territories which are not responsible for the conduct
of their relations may be admitted as Associate
members.Associate members participate without vote
in deliberations of the WHO.
• Each member contributes yearly to the budget and
each is entitled to the services and aid the organization
can provide.
 WORK OF WHO
Prevention and
Environmental Health literature
control of
Health and information
specific diseases

Development of Co-operation
Comprehensive Health Statistics with other
services organisation

Bio-Medical
Family health
Research
STRUCTURE
 The World Healh Assembly

• Supreme governing body and the health parliament

Of nations.

• Annual meeting-May,Venue-Geneva

• It is composed of Delegates from different respective

countries and each is given the power of one vote.

 Functions
• International health policy and programmes
• Review the work of the past year.
• Approve the budget of the following year.
• Approve the budget needed for the following
year.
• Elect Member states to designate a person to
serve for three years on the executive board and
to replace the retiring members
 The Executive Board
• It has18 members which had been incremented
to 31 members by the health assembly.
• Members to be technically qualified in the field
of health
• Designated by their respective governments, but
do not represent their respective governments.
• One third of the membership is renewed every
year is renewed every year.
 The Executive Board
• Executive board meets every year in the
month of January and May after the meeting
of the World Health Assembly.
• The main work of the board is to give affect to
the decisions and policies of the assembly
• Emeregent and immediate action in
epidemics,earthquakes
 The Secretriat
• Headed by the Director General
• Function:
To provide member states with technical
and managerial support for their national
development programmes.
 There are 5 Assistant Director Generals who
are assigned different tasks by the Director
General.
 Divisions of Director Secretriat
• Division of epidemiological surveillance and
health situation and trend adjustment.
• Division of communicable diseases.
• Division of vector biology and control
• Division of environmental health
• Division of public information and education
for health division of public information for
health
 Divisions of Director Secretriat
• Division of mental health
• Division of diagnostic,therapeutic and
rehabilitative technology.
• Division of strenghthening of health services.
• Division of family health
• Division of non-communicable diseases
 Divisions of Director Secretriat
• Division of health-manpower development
• Division of information systems support
• Division of personnel and general services
• Division of budget and finance
 SOUTH-EAST ASIA-New
Delhi(India)

Western Pacific Africa-

Manila(Philippin Harare(Zimbabw
es) e)
WHO
REGIONAL
CENTRES

Europe- Americas-Washington
Copenhagen(Denmar) D.C(U.S.A)
 Regional offices
• The regional offices each are headed by a
regional Director, assisted by technical and
administrative officers, and members of the
secretariat.
• There is a regional composed of representative of
member states in the region
• Regional committees meet once in a year.
• Regional plans are amalgamated into overall
plans by the Director General of the WHO.
 The South-East Asia Region(SEARO)-
WHO
• Bangladesh

• Bhutan

• India

• Indonesia

• Korea(Democratic people’s Republiv)

• Maldives Islands

• Myanmar

• Nepal

• Sri Lanka

• Thailand
 WHO activities of SEARO
• Malaria eradication
• Tuberculosis control
• Control of other communicable diseases
• Health laboratory services and other
communicable diseases
• Health statistics
• Maternal and child health
 WHO activities in SEARO
• Nursing
• Health education
• Nutrition
• Mental health
• Dental health
• Medical rehabilitation
• Quality control of drugs and medical
education
UNICEF
 UNICEF
Specialised agency of the United Nations.

Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children in

war ravaged countries

Headquarters-New York

Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO

and UNESCO

Provides asisstance in varied fields of MCH and

envt.sanitation.
 The Executive Board-UNICEF

• It is the Governing Body of the UNICEF

• Intergovernmental support

• Supervision activities of UNICEF

• Board meets 3 times a year i.e in January,June

and September.
 Role of the Executive Board
• Implementation of the Policies
• Receive information and guidance from
Executive Director
• Ensure all the activities and operational
strategies of UNICEF are consistent
• Monitor the performance of UNICEF
• Approve programmes
• Decide on administrative and financial plans
and budgets
 Role of the Executive Board
• Recommend new initiatives to the Council
• Encourage and examine new programme
initiatives
• Submit annual reports to the Council in its
substantive session
 MEMBERSHIP
The Board has 36 members, elected for a three-
year term with the following regional
allocation of seats:
• 8 African States
• 7 Asian States
• 4 Eastern European States
• 5 Latin American and Caribbean States
• 12 Western European
• Other States (including Japan)
 BOARD ADMINISTRATION
• The officers of the Board are elected by the Board at its first
regular session of each calendar year from among Board
members.
• There are five officers—the President,four Vice-
Presidents—representing the five regional groups at the
United Nations. Officers of the Board are elected for a one-
year term.
• The Board year runs from 1 January to 31 December.
• The Economic and Social Council elects States to sit on the
UNICEF Executive Board from States Members of the
United Nations or of the specialized agencies or of the
International Atomic Energy Agency.
 BOARD ADMINISTRATION
• Board sessions are held at United Nations
Headquarters in New York.
• All formal meetings of the Board are interpreted
in the six official languages of the United Nations
(Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and
Russian).
• The Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board
(OSEB) is responsible for maintaining effective
relationship between the Board and the UNICEF
secretariat.
 FUNDING
Funding is derived voluntarily from
governmental and non-governmental
organisations.
 Services provided by UNICEF
• Child health
• Child nutrition
• Family health and child welfare
• Education(Formal and non-formal)
UNDP
 UNDP
• Established in the year 1966
• To help poorer nations develop their human
and natural resources more fully.
• The UNDP projects cover virtually every
economic and social sector-
agriculture,industry,education and
science,health,social welfare.
 UNDP’S activities:
UNDP's network links and coordinates global
and national efforts to reach these Goals.
Their focus is helping countries build and
share solutions to the challenges of:
• Democratic Governance
• Poverty Reduction
• Crisis Prevention and Recovery
• Environment and Energy
• HIV/AIDS
 FAO

• The food and agriculture organization(FAO)

was formed in the year 1945 with
headquarters in Rome

• It was United Nations organization specialized

agency created to look after several areas of
world co-operation.
 AIMS OF FAO
The chief aims of FAO are as follows;
1)to help nations raise living standards.
2)to improve the nutritional status of people of
all countries.
3)to increase the efficiency of farming, forestry
and fisheries.
4)to better the condition of rural people and
better the opportunity of productive work
 Activities of FAO

1)Putting information within reach

2)Sharing policy expertise

3)Providing a meeting place

4)Bringing knowledge to the field

 ILO
The Internationaal labor Organisation was
established in the year 1919.
The purposes of ILO are as follows:
1) To contribute to the establishment of lasting
peace by promoting social justice.
2) To improve through international action ,labor
conditions, and living standards.
3) To improve economic and social stability
 ILO
• The international labour code is a collection of
international minimum standards related to
health,welfare,living and working conditions
of workers all over the world.
• Headquarters at Geneva,Switzerland.
USAID
 USAID
USAID
The US government extends aid to India
through three agencies:
1)United agency for International development
2)the public law 480 programme
3)the US import bank.
 ACTIVITIES OF USAID
• The US government is assisting in a number of projects
designed to improve the health of Indian people.
1)Malaria eradication
2)Medical education
3)Nursing education
4)Health education
5)Water supply and sanitation
6)Control of communicable diseases
7)Nutrition
8)Family planning
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
AGENCIES
 ROCKFELLER FOUNDATION

Rockfeller foundation is a philanthropic

organization chartered in 1913 and
endowed by Mr.John .D Rockfeller.
 Activities
• Training of competent teachers and research workers
• Training abroad of candidates from India through
fellowships and travel grants.
• Sponsoring of visits of a large number of medical specialists
from the USA.
• Providing grants in aid to selected institutions.
• Development of medical libraries,population studies,
assistance to research projects and institutions,
(eg.National institute of virology at Pune).
• Directing support to the improvement of agriculture, family
planning and rural training centres as well as to medical
education.
 The Ford Foundation
The Ford foundation has been active in the
development of rural
health services and family planning.
The ford foundation has helped in the following
projects:
1)Orientation training centres at
Singoor,Poonamallaietc
2)Research cum action projects.
3)Pilot project in rural
healthservices,Gandhigram(tamilnadu)
 Activities

4)Establishment of NIHAE

5)Calcutta water supply and drainage Scheme

6)Ford foundation Supports Family planning for

research in reproductive biology.
 International Red Cross
• The red cross is a non-political and non-official
international humanitarian organization
• The first Geneva convention took place in
1864 and a treaty was signed for the relief of
the wounded and sick of the armies in the
field.Thus came into being the International
committee of red cross(ICRC).
 Roles
Role of Red cross:
• 1)It was largely confined to the victims of the
war.
2)mainly it tries to involve itself into activities
like first aid in case of war like situations,mch
services
3)lately it has tried to extend it’s research in
Disaster management and has designed
emergency protocols.
 CARE

• The abbreviation when extended is “Co-operative

for assistance and relief everywhere” last
founded in North America in the wake of the
second world war in the year 1945.
• It is on of the world’s largest independent,non-
profit,non-sectarian international relief and
development organistaion.CARE provides
enmergency aid and long term development
assistance.
• Operation in India in 1950
 Activities
• CARE-India focused it’s food support in the ICDS programme and in
developments of programmes in areas of health and income
supplementation.
• It is helping in the following projects:Integrated nutrition and health
projects, better health and nutrition projects, anemia control
project,improving women’s health projects,improved health care
for adoloscent’s girls projects, child survival projects, Improving
women’s reproductive health and family spacing project,Konkan
integrated development project.
• CARE-India works in partnership with the government of india, state
Government, NGO’s etc.Currently it has projects in
Andhrapradesh,Bihar,MP,Maharashtra,Orissa and UP and West-
Bengal.
 Indian Red Cross Society
Indian Red Cross Society
Indian Red cross society was Constituted
under an Act of Indian Legislative council
in 1920
 Organisation
• The National Headquarters of the Society is
located at 1 Red Cross Road, New Delhi.
• Recognised by the International Committee of
the Red Cross (ICRC) on 28th February 1929, it
was affiliated with the International
Federation of the Red Cross & Red Crescent
Societies
 Structure
• National level-the management of affairs of the
Society rests with the Managing Body comprising of
members elected by the Branch Committee, and
members, including a Chairman, nominated by the
President of the Society.
• The Managing Body elects a Vice Chairman from
among themselves and appoints with the approval of
the President of the Society a Treasurer and a Secretary
General.
• The Secretary General is the Chief Executive.
 Activities
• Relief work during floods, famine, earthquake,
epidemic etc.
• Training health visitors, nurses, dais and public
health education
• Cooperation with the St. John Ambulance
Association in the training of men and women
in First Aid, Home Nursing etc.
• Running a Home at Bangalore for disabled Ex-
servicemen
 Activities

• Welfare services in military hospitals

• Medical after-care of ex-service personnel
• Maternity & Child Welfare
• Junior Red Cross
• Voluntary Blood Donation
 Current Trends
The Millenium Development Goals 2008:
The eight Millennium Development Goals
have been adopted by the international
community as a framework for the
development activities of over 190 countries
in ten regions which was implemented by the
United Nations.
 The 8 MDG’s
Goal 1: Eradicate poverty and Hunger

Target: Halve,between 1990 and2015,the

proportion of whose income is less than 1$
per day.
 The MDG’s
Goal 2:Achieve universal primary education.

Target: Ensure that, by 2015, children

everywhere, boysand girls alike, will be able to
complete a full course of primary schooling.
 The MDG’s
Goal 3:Promote gender equality and
Empower women

Target:Eliminate gender disparity in

primary and secondary education,
preferably by 2005, and in all levels of
education no later than 2015.
 The MDG’s

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

Target: Reduce by 2/3rds between 1990 and

2015, the under five mortality rate.
 The MDG’s
Goal 5:Improve maternal health

Target: Reduce by three quarters 1990 and

2015, the maternal mortality ratio.
 The MDG’s
Goal 6:Combat HIV,Malaria and other
diseases.

Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to

reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
 The MDG’s
Goal 6:Combat HIV,Malaria and other diseases.

Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to

reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
 The MDG’s
Goal 7: Ensure environmental stability

Target: Integrate the principles of

sustainable development into country
policies and programmes and reverse the
loss of environmental resources.
 The MDG’s
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for
development

Target: Develop further an open, rule-

based, predictable,non-discriminatory
trading and financial system.
 Bibliography
• Park.K. Textbook of preventive and social
medicine..19th ed. Jabalpur:Banarasidas Bhanot
Publishers;2007. p.762-68.
• www.who.org\WHO The role of WHO in public
health.htm
• www.UNAID\About UNAIDS.htm
• www.Rockfeller\The Rockefeller Foundation -
About Us.htm
• www.UNICEF\UNICEF - UNICEF Executive Board -
About the Executive Board.html
THANK YOU