Cheatsheets / JavaScript Fundamentals

Intro to JavaScript for APIs

console.log()
The console.log() method is used to log or print
messages to the console. It can also be used to print console.log('Hi there!');
objects and other info. // Prints: Hi there!

JavaScript
JavaScript is a programming language that powers the
dynamic behavior on most websites. Alongside HTML and
CSS, it is a core technology that makes the web run.

Methods
Methods return information about an object, and are
called by appending an instance with a period . , the // Returns a number between 0 and 1
method name, and parentheses. Math.random();

Libraries
Libraries contain methods that can be called by
appending the library name with a period . , the Math.random();
method name, and a set of parentheses. // ☝ Math is the library

Numbers
Numbers are a primitive data type. They include the set
of all integers and oating point numbers. let amount = 6;
let price = 4.99;

String .length
The .length property of a string returns the number
of characters that make up the string. let message = 'good nite';
console.log(message.length);
// Prints: 9

console.log('howdy'.length);
// Prints: 5

Data Instances
When a new piece of data is introduced into a JavaScript
program, the program keeps track of it in an instance of
that data type. An instance is an individual case of a data
type.

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Booleans
Booleans are a primitive data type. They can be either
true or false . let lateToWork = true;

Math.random()
The Math.random() function returns a oating-
point, random number in the range from 0 (inclusive) up console.log(Math.random());
to but not including 1. // Prints: 0 - 0.9

Math.floor()
The Math.floor() function returns the largest
integer less than or equal to the given number. console.log(Math.floor(5.95));
// Prints: 5

Single Line Comments

In JavaScript, single-line comments are created with two
consecutive forward slashes // . // This line will denote a comment

Null
Null is a primitive data type. It represents the intentional
absence of value. In code, it is represented as null . let x = null;

Strings
Strings are a primitive data type. They are any grouping of
characters (letters, spaces, numbers, or symbols) let single = 'Wheres my bandit hat?';
surrounded by single quotes ' or double quotes " . let double = "Wheres my bandit hat?";

Arithmetic Operators
JavaScript supports arithmetic operators for:
// Addition
●
+ addition 5 + 5
// Subtraction
●
- subtraction
10 - 5
●
* multiplication // Multiplication
●
/ division 5 * 10
// Division
●
% modulo 10 / 5
// Modulo
10 % 5

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Multi-line Comments
In JavaScript, multi-line comments are created by
surrounding the lines with /* at the beginning and */ /*
at the end. Comments are good ways for a variety of The below configuration must be
reasons like explaining a code block or indicating some changed before deployment.
hints, etc. */

let baseUrl =
'localhost/taxwebapp/country';

Remainder / Modulo Operator

The remainder operator, sometimes called modulo,
returns the number that remains after the right-hand const weeksInYear = Math.floor(365/7) //
number divides into the left-hand number as many times calculates # of weeks in a year, rounds
as it evenly can. down to nearest integer
const daysLeftOver = 367 % 7 // calcuates
the number of days left over after 365 is
divded by 7

console.log("A year has " + weeksInYear +

"weeks " and "daysLeftOver " + days)

Assignment Operators
An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand
based on the value of its right operand. Here are some of let number = 100;
them:
// Both statements will add 10
●
+= addition assignment number = number + 10;
●
-= subtraction assignment number += 10;

●
*= multiplication assignment console.log(number);
●
/= division assignment // Prints: 120

String Interpolation
String interpolation is the process of evaluating string
literals containing one or more placeholders (expressions, let age = 7;
variables, etc).
It can be performed using template literals: text // String concatenation
${expression} text . 'Tommy is ' + age + ' years old.';

// String interpolation
`Tommy is ${age} years old.`;

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Variables
Variables are used whenever there’s a need to store a
piece of data. A variable contains data that can be used in const currency = '$';
the program elsewhere. Using variables also ensures code let userIncome = 85000;
re-usability since it can be used to replace the same
value in multiple places.
console.log(currency + userIncome + ' is
more than the average income.');
// Prints: $85000 is more than the average
income.

Unde ned
undefined is a primitive JavaScript value that
represents lack of de ned value. Variables that are var a;
declared but not initialized to a value will have the value
undefined . console.log(a);
// Prints: undefined

Learn Javascript: Variables

A variable is a container for data that is stored in
computer memory. It is referenced by a descriptive name // examples of variables
that a programmer can call to assign a speci c value and let name = "Tammy";
retrieve it. const found = false;
var age = 3;
console.log(name, found, age);
// Tammy, false, 3

Declaring Variables
To declare a variable in JavaScript, any of these three
keywords can be used along with a variable name: var age;
let weight;
●
var is used in pre-ES6 versions of JavaScript. const numberOfFingers = 20;
●
let is the preferred way to declare a variable
when it can be reassigned.

●
const is the preferred way to declare a variable
with a constant value.

Template Literals
Template literals are strings that allow embedded
expressions, ${expression} . While regular strings let name = "Codecademy";
use single ' or double " quotes, template literals use console.log(`Hello, ${name}`);
backticks instead. // Prints: Hello, Codecademy

console.log(`Billy is ${6+8} years old.`)

// Prints: Billy is 14 years old.

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let Keyword
let creates a local variable in JavaScript & can be re-
assigned. Initialization during the declaration of a let
let count;
console.log(count); // Prints: undefined
variable is optional. A let variable will contain
count = 10;
undefined if nothing is assigned to it.
console.log(count); // Prints: 10

const Keyword
A constant variable can be declared using the keyword
const . It must have an assignment. Any attempt of re- const numberOfColumns = 4;
assigning a const variable will result in JavaScript numberOfColumns = 8;
runtime error. // TypeError: Assignment to constant
variable.

String Concatenation
In JavaScript, multiple strings can be concatenated
together using the + operator. In the example, multiple let service = 'credit card';
strings and variables containing string values have been let month = 'May 30th';
concatenated. After execution of the code block, the let displayText = 'Your ' + service + '
displayText variable will contain the concatenated bill is due on ' + month + '.';
string.
console.log(displayText);
// Prints: Your credit card bill is due on
May 30th.