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Learn JavaScript - Introduction Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides an introduction to key JavaScript concepts like variables, data types, operators, and functions. It explains that JavaScript is used to add dynamic behavior to websites and works alongside HTML and CSS. It also defines common terms like variables, strings, numbers, booleans, and functions.

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ken jay
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2K views

Learn JavaScript - Introduction Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides an introduction to key JavaScript concepts like variables, data types, operators, and functions. It explains that JavaScript is used to add dynamic behavior to websites and works alongside HTML and CSS. It also defines common terms like variables, strings, numbers, booleans, and functions.

Uploaded by

ken jay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn JavaScript

Introduction

console.log()
The console.log() method is used to log or print console.log('Hi there!');
messages to the console. It can also be used to print
// Prints: Hi there!
objects and other info.

JavaScript
JavaScript is a programming language that powers the
dynamic behavior on most websites. Alongside HTML and
CSS, it is a core technology that makes the web run.

Methods
Methods return information about an object, and are // Returns a number between 0 and 1
called by appending an instance with a period . , the
Math.random();
method name, and parentheses.

Libraries
Libraries contain methods that can be called by Math.random();
appending the library name with a period . , the method
name, and a set of parentheses.
// ☝️ Math is the library

Numbers
Numbers are a primitive data type. They include the set let amount = 6;
of all integers and floating point numbers.
let price = 4.99;

String .length
The .length property of a string returns the number of let message = 'good nite';
characters that make up the string.
console.log(message.length);
// Prints: 9

console.log('howdy'.length);
// Prints: 5
Data Instances
When a new piece of data is introduced into a JavaScript
program, the program keeps track of it in an instance of
that data type. An instance is an individual case of a data
type.

Booleans
Booleans are a primitive data type. They can be either let lateToWork = true;
true or false .

Math.random()
The Math.random() function returns a floating-point, console.log(Math.random());
random number in the range from 0 (inclusive) up to but
// Prints: 0 - 0.9
not including 1.

Math.floor()
The Math.floor() function returns the largest integer console.log(Math.floor(5.95));
less than or equal to the given number.
// Prints: 5

Single Line Comments


In JavaScript, single-line comments are created with two // This line will denote a comment
consecutive forward slashes // .

Null
Null is a primitive data type. It represents the intentional let x = null;
absence of value. In code, it is represented as null .

Strings
Strings are a primitive data type. They are any grouping of let single = 'Wheres my bandit hat?';
characters (letters, spaces, numbers, or symbols)
let double = "Wheres my bandit hat?";
surrounded by single quotes ' or double quotes " .

Arithmetic Operators
JavaScript supports arithmetic operators for: // Addition
+ addition
5 + 5
- subtraction
* multiplication // Subtraction
/ division 10 - 5
% modulo
// Multiplication
5 * 10
// Division
10 / 5
// Modulo
10 % 5

Multi-line Comments
In JavaScript, multi-line comments are created by /*
surrounding the lines with /* at the beginning and */ at
The below configuration must be
the end. Comments are good ways for a variety of
reasons like explaining a code block or indicating some changed before deployment.
hints, etc. */

let baseUrl =
'localhost/taxwebapp/country';

Remainder / Modulo Operator


The remainder operator, sometimes called modulo, // calculates # of weeks in a year, rounds
returns the number that remains after the right-hand
down to nearest integer
number divides into the left-hand number as many times
as it evenly can. const weeksInYear = Math.floor(365/7);

// calcuates the number of days left over


after 365 is divded by 7
const daysLeftOver = 365 % 7 ;

console.log("A year has " + weeksInYear +


" weeks and " + daysLeftOver + " days");

Assignment Operators
An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand let number = 100;
based on the value of its right operand. Here are some of
them:
+= addition assignment // Both statements will add 10
-= subtraction assignment number = number + 10;
*= multiplication assignment
number += 10;
/= division assignment

console.log(number);
// Prints: 120
String Interpolation
String interpolation is the process of evaluating string let age = 7;
literals containing one or more placeholders (expressions,
variables, etc).
It can be performed using template literals: text // String concatenation
${expression} text . 'Tommy is ' + age + ' years old.';

// String interpolation
`Tommy is ${age} years old.`;

Variables
Variables are used whenever there’s a need to store a const currency = '$';
piece of data. A variable contains data that can be used in
let userIncome = 85000;
the program elsewhere. Using variables also ensures code
re-usability since it can be used to replace the same
value in multiple places. console.log(currency + userIncome + ' is
more than the average income.');
// Prints: $85000 is more than the average
income.

Undefined
undefined is a primitive JavaScript value that var a;
represents lack of defined value. Variables that are
declared but not initialized to a value will have the value
undefined . console.log(a);
// Prints: undefined

Learn Javascript: Variables


A variable is a container for data that is stored in // examples of variables
computer memory. It is referenced by a descriptive name
let name = "Tammy";
that a programmer can call to assign a specific value and
retrieve it. const found = false;
var age = 3;
console.log(name, found, age);
// Tammy, false, 3

Declaring Variables
To declare a variable in JavaScript, any of these three var age;
keywords can be used along with a variable name:
let weight;
var is used in pre-ES6 versions of JavaScript.
let is the preferred way to declare a variable const numberOfFingers = 20;
when it can be reassigned.
const is the preferred way to declare a variable
with a constant value.

Template Literals
Template literals are strings that allow embedded let name = "Codecademy";
expressions, ${expression} . While regular strings use
console.log(`Hello, ${name}`);
single ' or double " quotes, template literals use
backticks instead. // Prints: Hello, Codecademy

console.log(`Billy is ${6+8} years old.`);


// Prints: Billy is 14 years old.

let Keyword
let creates a local variable in JavaScript & can be re- let count;
assigned. Initialization during the declaration of a let
console.log(count); // Prints: undefined
variable is optional. A let variable will contain
undefined if nothing is assigned to it. count = 10;
console.log(count); // Prints: 10

const Keyword
A constant variable can be declared using the keyword const numberOfColumns = 4;
const . It must have an assignment. Any attempt of re-
numberOfColumns = 8;
assigning a const variable will result in JavaScript
runtime error. // TypeError: Assignment to constant
variable.

String Concatenation
In JavaScript, multiple strings can be concatenated let service = 'credit card';
together using the + operator. In the example, multiple
let month = 'May 30th';
strings and variables containing string values have been
concatenated. After execution of the code block, the let displayText = 'Your ' + service + '
displayText variable will contain the concatenated bill is due on ' + month + '.';
string.

console.log(displayText);
// Prints: Your credit card bill is due on
May 30th.

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