MOCT TEST 1

Name _______________________________ Score ____________

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I. LISTENING (50 points)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 02 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây.
 Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiê ̣u nhạc.
 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.

Part 1. For question 1-5, listen to a news report on Artificial Intelligence. Write NO MORE THAN FIVE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
1. What does “artificial intelligence” refer to?
_____________________________________________
2. What brought the first real wave of significant advancements to the field in the 80s?
_____________________________________________
3. What started to gather momentum as computational performance reached a tipping point in the last decade?
_____________________________________________
4. Besides ‘image’ and ‘speech’, what is the third example of artificial intelligence capabilities?
_____________________________________________
5. What does the emergence of deep learning serve as?
_____________________________________________
Your answers:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.

Part 2. For question 6-10, you will hear part of a radio programme in which two people, Sally White and
Martin Johns, are discussing the popularity of audio books (books recorded on tape), and the problems
involved with abridging books before taping them. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. You will hear the
recording twice.
6. Sally thinks that most people listen to audio books _________
A. on the way to work. B. before they go to sleep.
C. when they’re doing house work. D. when they’re with their children.
7. What does Martin say about the woman in the shop?
A. Her children don’t like staying in hotels. B. Her children used to argue about what to listen to.
C. She no longer takes her children to France. D. She no longer worries about long journey.
8. In the United States there is a demand for audio books because people there _________
A. were the first to obtain audio books. B. are used to listening to the spoken word on the radio.
C. have to drive long distances. D. feel that they do not have time to read books.
9. According to Sally, successful abridgements depend on _________
A. their closeness to the original. B. the length of the original.
C. the style of the author. D. the type of story.
10. Books are not commissioned specifically for the audio market because _________
A. writers are too busy working for the BBC. B. there are not enough people buying audio books.
C. people only want familiar stories. D. such books have failed in the past.
Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. For question 11-15, listen to the talk by the guide at the museum. What does the speaker say about each
of the following collections?
Choose five answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Question 11-15.
A. was given by one person.
B. was recently publicized in the media.
C. includes some items given by members of the public.
D. includes some items given by the artists.
E. includes the most popular exhibits in the museum.
F. is the largest of its kind in the country.
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 G. has had some of its contents relocated.

Collections
11. 20th- and 21st- century paintings ___________
12. 19th – century paintings ___________
13. Sculptures ___________
14. “Around the world” exhibition ___________
15. Coins ___________
Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a news report about stress. Complete the summary, using the words or
phrases you hear. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each blank.
A new study suggests stress can even reduce the benefits of a (16) _____________________________.
The Ohio State professor has demonstrated that stress can (17) _____________________________, leading
people to burn fewer (18) _____________________________.
To find out of a certain kind of meal could counter the effects of stress on the body, she got about 60 women who
were experiencing different kinds of stress in their lives to participate in what she calls a (19)
_____________________________.
One meal was very high in (20) _____________________________, the type of fat most linked to heart disease.
The other meal was made with fat similar to olive oil, which is considered better for health.
The idea is that the healthier of the two meals would protect against the harmful effects of stress, specifically
inflammation levels in the body.
The stress appeared (21) _____________________________ inflammation.
Higher inflammation in the body can increase a range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease
(22) _____________________________, arthritis, and some cancers.
In some cases, the power of stress can overwhelm diet choices. But if you combine a good diet with other (23)
_____________________________. Prather says, you can protect the body against the effects of stress - for
instance, exercise.
(24) _____________________________ and (25) _____________________________ are effective in kind of
improving people's well-being and their ability to cope with stressors during the day.

Your answers:
16. 21.
17. 22.
18. 23.
19. 24.
20. 25.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
26. Primary education has been _______ underfunded in this area of the country for many years now, and it is
about time something was done about it.
A. seriously B. deeply C. highly D. remarkably
27. Everyone quickly _______ their places on the stage in readiness for the curtain to go up.
A. made B. had C. saved D. took
28. The rain _______ down slowly under his coat collar, making him feel thoroughly damp and miserable.
A. crept B. waded C. trickled D. teemed
29. She took up so many hobbies when she retired that she had hardly any time ________.
A. on her hands B. in hand C. at her hand D. at hand
30. Travelers in business or first class may use our _______ channel.
A. fast track B. rapid respond C. quick catnap D. fast lane
31. My English teacher always had a nice _______ of phrase when he commented on essays.
A. turn B. set C. break D. lead
32. Tom is really _______ now he’s been promoted – he never lets you forget he’s boss.
A. pompous B. morbid C. meticulous D. vivacious
33. I have a terrible habit of _______ the first thing that comes into my mind.
A. whipping up B. blurting out C. fend off D. choke back
34. Karen gave me the cold _______ when we were introduced.
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 A. elbow B. shoulder C. neck D. heart
35. Living in the countryside is a far cry from reading about it. It _______. You have to deal with _______
poverty and go through the bad patch.
A. is of crass stupidity/grueling B. is no mean feat/grinding
C. goes against the grain/abject D. dwindles away to nothing/extreme
36. Necessity is the _______ of invention.
A. father B. ancestor C. mother D. antecedents
37. At her trial in 1431, Joan was accused of being in _______ with the devil.
A. cooperation B. association C. league D. conjunction
38. You'd better _______ the books if you want to pass your exam on Friday.
A. hit B. beat C. stab D. bite
39. I ______ you how important this is.
A. need hardly tell B. need hardly to tell C. need to hardly tell D. need to tell hardly
40. She is _______ about what to do for her daughter.
A. iridescent B. sprightly C. tinged D. perplexed
Your answers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in
the column on the right. 0 has been done as an example.
TROUBLED WATERS
There is a swift-moving, (0) _______ current in the Arctic Ocean which flows back and forth between
Moskenesoya and Masken, two of the Logoten Islands off the north-western coast of Norway. It is this
phenomenon which causes the Maelstrom, or Moskenstraumen in Norweigian, which has (41. DESTROY)
_______ numerous small ships.
Strong local winds add to the hazard of a sea-crossing here, blowing against the current between high and low
tide, which is when (42. TREACHERY) _______ whirlpools are created. It was the French (43. NOVEL)
_______ Jules Verne, in conjunction with the American poet Edgar Allan Poe, who brought the term “maelstrom”
into common parlance, exaggerating it to the extent that it means a cataclysmic whirlpool (44. GULF) _______
everything in its path. With the passage of time, it has come to have a meaning that is (45. FIGURE) _______ as
well as literal, so that now we can use the expression “maelstrom” to speak of conflicting feelings, or emotional
turmoil.
Your answers:
Example: (0) DANGEROUS
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

III. READING (50 points)

Part 1. For questions 46-55, fill in the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
THE SCIENCE OF VOLCANOLOGY
Watching an erupting volcano is an exciting experience. There are those who are so fascinated by volcanoes
that they have decided to (46) _______ a career in the field called volcanology.
Volcanologists study active, dormant and (47) _______ volcanoes in a scientific manner in order to find out
how, why, and when volcanoes erupt. They also study the effects of eruptions on the population and environment.
Volcanology is like (48) _______ work where evidence is gathered together and the facts worked out. It is a
field which overlaps many areas of science, (49) _______ earth sciences, chemistry and geography.
The eruption of Krakatoa in Indonesia in 1883 was one of the most significant in the (50) _______ of
volcanology as it was the first to be studied in the modern era. The eruption create the largest explosion ever
heard and produced tsunamis, or giant waves which killed more than 30,000 people. Krakatoa continues to be
(51) _______ to this day, and Indonesia has the most active volcanoes in the world.
How do you become a volcanologist? Training begins with a Bachelor of Science degree. Further research
may (52) _______ to a Master of Science or a Doctor of Philosophy degree.
Volcanology is a challenging and an exciting career that offers much action and suspense. (53) _______ of
employment also include teaching and doing research in universities. You can also work in volcano observatories,
or in government departments that create civil (54) _______ contingency plans. That means you have to work out
plans for (55) _______ evacuations in times of a dangerous volcano eruption.
Yours answers:
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
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 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

Part 2. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follows.
TIME WARNER AND THE INTERNET AFTER THE DIVORCE
In the next few weeks an end may be announced to one of the great unhappy corporate unions. Time Warner,
which spans off its cable-operating business in March and has pruned its film-production outfit, is now trying to
undo its eight-year partnership with AOL, an internet portal. Just as Time Warner moves to end one internet
relationship, though, it is beginning another. Later this year the firm will test a scheme for putting programs
online that it calls TV Everywhere. Its cable channels such as HBO, which have so far kept their shows off the
internet, will make them available online at no extra cost to people who can prove they subscribe to a cable or
satellite package that includes the channel. Rival networks and cable providers have pledged to co-operate.
It is an attempt to preserve what is now plainly the core business of the slimmed-down Time Warner – and
which also happens to be one of the most dependable rackets in media. Subscribers to multichannel television,
who may get it from a cable, satellite or telecoms firm, pay for “bundles” of channels, whether they watch them
all or not. They are also shown advertisements. Content providers like Time Warner receive carriage fees from the
cable and satellite companies, which account for about half of their revenues (and the great majority for premium
channel like HBO). These fees are a handy bulwark against shocks to the advertising market, and they tend to go
up faster than inflation.
At present the internet poses a puny threat to this commercial redoubt. ComScore, which tracks internet use,
reckons the average American web user spends about ten minutes a day viewing online video, from water-skiing
squirrels on YouTube to the latest episode of “heroes” on Hulu. That compares with roughly 300 minutes spent
watching live television. But the audience for online video is young and growing, the barriers that prevent people
from piping it into their televisions are likely to fall and the broadcast networks are quickly moving online. On
April 30th ABC, which is owned by Disney, became the third large broadcaster to make many of its programs
available free on Hulu. (Disney will also take a stake in the fast-growing online-video site.)
Time Warner does not want to row against this current. But neither does it want to be swept away. If the
overriding fear a few years ago was that television might suffer the fate of the music industry, which failed to give
consumers what they wanted and was ravaged by pirates, the worry now is that will follow the newspaper
industry, and give too much away, “the idea that it should be free and have no strings attached at all sounds very
progressive,” says Jeff Bewkes, Time Warner’s boss. But once people are accustomed to having something free, it
can be very difficult to persuade them to pay for it.
Ant hitches to the TV Everywhere plan are likely to be less technological than commercial. Time Warner is
not the only company with a scheme to put cable content online. Comcast, America’s biggest cable operator is
building its own system. It wants subscribers to be able to watch video on its website, Fancast. ESPN, a cable
sports channel, already allows internet-service providers to stream some games. An obvious threat, although not a
present one, would come if a big video-streaming website started selling subscriptions to television programs and
other professionally produced content.
Such a move would transform the cable and satellite business. TV Everywhere, by contrast, aims to preserve
its essential architecture. Carriage fees and bundling would remain. Stronger channels would continue to support
weaker ones, and more popular programs would support less popular ones. It is a potential solution to one half of
the cable industry’s worries about the internet. Which leaves the other half: compared with television, online-
advertising revenues are meager.
Hulu, the most impressive of the video websites, claims to charge advertisers somewhat more to reach a
viewer than they would pay on a broadcast network during prime time. But Hulu runs just two minutes’ worth of
advertising in a 22-minute program, about one-quarter of the load that TV viewers are expected to tolerate. For
broadcasts, which derive nearly all their revenues from advertising, deciding to put new programs on a site like
Hulu involves a leap of faith.
Hulu’s branding problem
Mr. Bewkes points to another problem. Several cable channels, including CNN, Time Warner’s news outfit,
have painstakingly built brands that enable them to sell advertising at higher rates than they otherwise would.
CNN also benefits by selling advertising across its TV channels and its popular websites. Video-streaming
websites are no respecters of brand. Hulu does not sell advertising on specific shows of networks; rather, it targets
demographic groups. Lumping CNN’s programs in with other news on a video-streaming website may well
devalue them.
For these reasons cable’s early forays into the internet are likely to be messy. Content providers and cable
operators may try to steer viewers to their own websites, like hucksters in bazaar. This is unsatisfactory for
customers, most of whom would probably prefer not to think too hard about the television programs they watch,
or where to find them. But at least it is start.

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For question 56-61, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
56. It is a trend for rival networks and cable providers to co-operate.
57. Content providers can get more than half their revenues from carriage fees.
58. Com-Score reckons that the customers who spend ten minutes watching videos every day are mainly students.
59. A significant proportion of customers who are accustomed to free contents will pay for them.
60. Both Comcast and ESPN put cable contents online.
61. Online advertising revenues are much higher than that of television.

Your answers:
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.
For questions 62-66, choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxed provided.
Hulu announces to collect fees from advertisers. Its advertisements are (62) __________ to a certain proportion of
TV viewers. According to Mr. Bewkes, with (63) __________, the cable channels are able to sell (64)
__________ more successfully. However, Hulu uses a quite different strategy which aims at (65) __________.
With content providers, (66) __________ try to change the places where viewers watch programs.
Your answers:
62. 63. 64.
65. 66.

Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 67–73, read the passage and
choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not
need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
THE POWER OF VACCINES
For the world’s population, access to injection-programme and general good health shouldn’t be matter of the
luck of the draw. Scientific advances have concentrated on diseases more prevalent in richer countries and appear
to have neglected the plight of the poor – especially in the third world countries – suffering from diseases that are
routinely classified as easily preventable.
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The good news is that we can save these lives. Measles, polio, whooping cough, yellow fever – diseases that
debilitate, disfigure and kill millions of children can be prevented with existing vaccines. Parents in developing
countries often walk miles, or pay high prices to get the precious shots. They know that their children need some
vaccines that parents in developed countries take for granted.
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8
When we first turned our attention to philanthropy, it seemed natural to extend technology to classrooms and
libraries. Technology clearly can transform and empower its users. But our thinking crystallized as we learned of
even greater need – impoverished children stricken with preventable diseases. One man has already made a great
difference in the world.
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9
The power of vaccines – the most cost-effective medical intervention ever invented – lies in their ability to
prevent rather than treat disease. It’s often the case that it is not until we become parents that we fully appreciate
the virtues of having a form of medical intervention that protects before limbs go limp or hearts stop beating.
Today vaccines save the lives of some 3 million children each year – children who are fortunate enough to have
been born in countries with effective health systems, adequate vaccination supplies and trained health personnel.
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0

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Access to safe, effective vaccines to such disease should not be dictated by circumstance. That is why a
commitment was made by the Global Fund for Children’s Vaccines a year ago. The goal of the Global Fund, and
the partners of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, is to ensure that every child has access to
lifesaving vaccines. An estimated 6 billion pounds over the next five years will cover the cost of fully immunizing
children in developing countries.
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1
In the 1970s only 5% of the world’s children could expect to be fully immunized. Today, thanks to these “rich”
nations, alongside the work of countless dedicated health professionals worldwide, we can envision a time when
70, 80, and finally 100 percent of children are protected. And at a cost of 10 and 15 pounds per child, vaccines are
a small investment for a very big return.
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2
The dedication of resources to speed the discovery of new vaccines must also be a priority. Scientists and
organizations like the International AIDs Vaccination Initiative are currently working to develop vaccines for the
top three killer diseases – AIDs, Malaria, and tuberculosis. If they find them, perhaps the more daunting challenge
will be to distribute them to those who need them most.
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3
Gandhi once said that for him the golden Rule meant that he could not enjoy things denied to other people. We
should strive to ensure that health and freedom from these terrible diseases is something that no parent is denied.
The missing paragraphs:

A. But even the greatest of parental effort can’t help if the vaccines aren’t available. In the past it has taken
up to 15 years for newly developed vaccines – including the relatively recent hepatitis B vaccine – to
become available in poor countries. Those delays are measured in childhood fatalities. Our challenge is to
provide every child, regardless of where they live or their family’s economic status with access to
lifesaving vaccines.
B. There has also been a concerted effort by governments and other organizations to raise sufficient funds to
save children’s lives through immunization. Some governments should be applauded for their active
support and substantial donations to the cause.
C. The new philanthropy blends 1960s social consciousness with the present financial model. So far,
donations have topped eight and a half million pounds to help inoculate children in India against the three
major killer childhood diseases.
D. Dr. Jonas Salk changed the world when he announced the discovery of the polio vaccine. His work started
a vaccine revolution, and, as a result, millions of children have escaped the disease’s crippling and often
fatal effects. The last reported case of wild polio in the Western Hemisphere was in 1991. Who would
have dreamt back in 1953 that within a generation – our generation – we would see polio almost
eradicated from the face of the earth?
E. Vaccines cannot work their magic without a global effort. Parents, world leaders, and foundations can and
should work together because we all want the same thing for our children, and this is something that great
humanitarian leaders have been aware of for a very long time.
F. Whether they live in Bangladesh, Botswana or Seattle, all parents want the best for their children.
Providing a healthy start in life and through childhood is a priority for every family. Yet for all the
amazing advances we have made so far in medicine, there are still far too many children who don’t have
access to even the most basic healthcare. More than 2 million die each year from vaccine-preventable
diseases. This is a staggering statistic – a tragic reality we have ignored for too long. It is global news
when an airline crashes, but rarely newsworthy that 228 children die from preventable illness es every
hour of every day. It’s time to move this issue of immunization to the top of our global agenda.
G. But there is more to do. First we need to redouble our efforts to introduce newer vaccines more quickly. It
is heart-wrenching and unacceptable that children in the developing world may have to wait a decade or
more to receive vaccines that are already saving lives in richer countries.
H. Yet tens of millions of people do not share in these benefits because of what they can effort or where they
live. World-wide, more than 1 billion people live on less than 50 p a day. Lack of safe water, poor
sanitation and meagre food supplies are a part of the grim reality of their daily lives. Their children
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 weakened by malnutrition, and parasitic infections, are susceptible to childhood killers – whopping
cough, measles and meningitis.
Your answers:
67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.

Part 4. For questions 74-83, read an article on Monaco and choose the answer A, B, C or D which you think
fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
THE SILK OF SPIDERS’ WEBS
A Spiders possess the extraordinary ability to produce silk, which they use in a variety of ways – to create
eggs sacs, to catch and hold insects, and to construct homes. B An assortment of specialized glands, each
responsible for forming a distinct kind of silk, is located within the spider’s abdomen and enables the spider to
produce the different types of silk that it uses for those diverse purposes. C Among the known species of spiders,
scientists have identified at least ten distinct kinds of glands that manufacture silks of varying strength, elasticity,
and viscosity. D in the process of silk production, silk begins as a liquid in special silk glands in the spider’s
abdomen. The liquid silk is excreted from the silk glands in liquid form, but, as it passes through the round spigots
on a special organ – the spinneret – at the rear of the abdomen, it becomes solid. The spinneret determines the
diameter of the final silk fiber. Depending on the species, spiders may have between one and four pairs of silk-
releasing spinnerets.
Different types of silk are produced to perform different functions. When a spider begins constructing its
web, the first threads it uses must be particularly durable, capable of supporting the weight of the spider while
serving as a foundation for the web. These foundation threads, known as draglines, are composed of major
ampullate silk, a sturdy, non-sticky, elastic material. In fact, major ampullate silk is strongest silk a spider
produces; its tensile strength - the maximum force a material can resist without tearing – is similar to that of
Kevlar. Draglines serve not only as the skeletal structure to which all other silks are anchored, but also as
safetylines with which a spider can make a speedy exit from an unexpected predator. Similar to major ampullate
silk, minor ampullate silk is also used in web construction, but as supporting threads rather than main draglines.
Like major ampullate silk, this silk is strong and non-sticky, but it does not have the same elastic characteristics.
When minor ampullate silk is stretched, it remains permanently misshapen.
The threads that form the spiral core of a spider’s web are made of flagelliform silk, the sticky netting that
ensnares a spider’s insect prey. When a spider senses the vibrations of an insect trapped in its web, it releases
another kind of silk, swathing silk, that completely binds a victims by encapsulating it in cocoon. Female spiders
produces an additional kind of silk that is used for spinning protective egg sacs that shield their eggs from harsh
weather and from predators.
Historically, spiders’ silk has been useful in a variety of applications, from medicine to warfare. Ancient
Greeks applied spider webs to wounds in order to decrease bleeding. Pre-WWII telescopes, microscopes, and
guidance systems used strands of spiders’ silk as crosshair sights. Because it is extremely lightweight and very
resilient, and because it offers significant potential for diverse applications in fields like medicine and defense,
spiders’ silk has, not surprisingly, been the subject of intense curiosity among members of the scientific
community. However, in spite of researchers’ best efforts, humans have not been able to exactly duplicate the
beneficial properties of spiders’ versatile silk. Efforts continue, though, as it is hoped that in the future spiders’
silk will contribute to advancements in medical technology, perhaps improving sutures in microsurgery, refining
plaster for broken bones, and developing artificial ligaments and tendons to be used as surgical implants.
Scientists anticipate that synthetic spiders’ silk would revolutionize military technology by providing lightweight,
long-lasting protective body coverings. In this respect, spiders’ silk would have broad applications for law
enforcement and the armed forces. Commercially, spiders’ silk could be used to manufacture more durable ropes,
fishing nets, seatbelts, and car bumpers. Having the ability to synthesize spiders’ silk would provide scientists
with numerous possibilities for technological developments.
74. According to the paragraph 1, what is the function of the spinneret?
A. It stores liquid silk produced by the spider. B. It prevents the spider from sticking to its web.
C. It turns liquid silk into strands of solid silk. D. It protects eggs from being eaten by
predators.
75. Why does the author mention the elasticity of minor ampullate silk in paragraph 2?
A. To indicate that all kinds of spiders’ silk are similar
B. To explain how spiders are able to trap their prey
C. To contrast the properties of two types of spiders’ silk
D. To give an example of a drawback of natural spiders’ silk
76. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about female spiders?
A. They are not responsible for caring for offspring.
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 B. They do not share parenting responsibilities with male spiders.
C. They produce a kind of silk that male spiders do not make.
D. They are more vulnerable in harsh climates than male spiders.
77. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the
passage?
A. The lightness and flexibility of spiders’ silk are properties that scientists want to use in future technology.
B. The scientific community is interested in research that will improve defense and medical technology.
C. The scientific community is curious about silk that is lightweight and very flexible.
D. Scientists are curious about how spiders’ silk has been used by doctors and by the military.
78. What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about people’s interest in the properties of spiders’ silk?
A. It began with doctors in the military. B. It is based on a cultural love of spiders.
C. It has been around for centuries. D. It is motivated purely by money.
79. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as characteristics of spiders’ silk EXCEPT _________
A. the capability to resist tears B. the ability to repair itself
C. different degrees of elasticity D. strength and lightness
80. Why does the author mention crosshair sights in paragraph 4?
A. To suggest that some technology based on spiders’ silk may be negative
B. To contrast the medical uses of spiders’ silk with the military uses of the material
C. To suggest that synthetic spiders’ silk will be better than natural silk
D. To give an example of how spiders’ silk has been used in the past
81. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in the paragraph the
sentence
“This creature, which may be smaller than a millimeter, is capable of producing a strong, flexible material
that humans have not been able to replicate.” can be inserted?
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
82. Both Minor Ampullate Silk and Major Ampullate Silk are kinds of silk which _________
A. are used in web construction.
B. perform a reinforcing rather than foundation function.
C. are stronger than all the other silks produced by a spider
D. form safetylines that help spiders escape from predators
83. Major Ampullate Silk retains its shape when _________
A. it is a non-sticky form of silk. B. it is stretched out.
C. it is expanded. D. it does not spring back into its original form.
Your answers:
74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
79. 80. 81. 82. 83.

Part 5. The passage below consists of five paragraphs marked A, B, C, D and E. For questions 84-95, read the
passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
NEITHER THIS NOR THAT
A. Most of us sit happily within our binary categorized genders. We push the boundaries a little bit. We like
to think we’re being a bit alternative with our decisions in clothing, or even in attitude. It isn’t difficult to find
perfectly straight househusbands taking an interest in the decor of the family home and to find misogynistic
women in boardrooms and on factory floors alike across the globe today. We might be able to do more within our
assigned gender, but we’re still very much pinned down by the borders of our gender – we’re still only reacting
against our strict Victorian predecessors – we’ve yet to step into the future of our possible selves.
B. A difficult pill for us to swallow though is that we can’t imagine ourselves without gender. Who are we
without our box labels of “man” and “woman”. As we ask ourselves this question, a beautiful songbird flies past
our eyes and it dawns on us that we don’t exist without these categories. Or, rather we cannot imagine – we are
unintelligible to ourselves without these demarcations. This is one of the basic ideas of Judith Butler, a theorist on
many aspects of identity, but who made her name in the public domain with her research upon gender. She works
from within a number of perspectives and any cursory attempt at an introduction to her and her ideas would be to
do unto her a great injustice, but for those who are unfamiliar with her work, she argues that gender is
performative. This term has, indeed, caused some of the many problems and confusions with Butler’s theory, but
as a base from which to start, one who would like to understand should soon dispose of the theatrical notion
hanging around in your connotational mind and turn towards the field of linguistics. More specifically towards a
particular linguist and his work; J. L Austin’s How To Do Things With Words.

8
C. J. L Austin’s work couldn’t be further away from gender studies if it tried, but Judith Butler made use of
his famous theory upon the performativity of certain types of speech or utterances. He argued that some
utterances had no reference outside of the sentence, so these utterances are performative. Austin refers to the
utterances in naming ceremonies and marriage ceremonies as instances of the performativity of language. It takes
a while to get one’s head around this, but essentially Austin argues that in some cases utterances do not describe
nor state the “doing” of an action, but rather the utterance itself is the action; the utterance performs the action. “I
name this shop…” would be an example of a performative utterance. Judith Butler arrives at Austin’s work
through a critique of it by the French philosopher Jacque Derrida. Derrida takes issue with Austin’s narrow usage
of his theory.
D. This is where Judith Butler picks up the thread. She argues that from the moment we are born, we are
encased by language. We don’t speak back for a year or so, but the people around us are already dressing us up in
the finery of the language we will one day use to decorate ourselves – to create our identities with. But, further
than this and more explicitly as Butler develops in her later work Bodies That Matter, the moment we are born the
sentence is uttered, “it’s a girl” or “it’s a boy” – this is the basis of her argument of gender being performative. I
suppose a good way to imagine it is through Spiderman’s web that he shoots from his wrist. The web is language
and language that is inescapable. The Implications of this though, are very serious for Butler. She often writes
about children who are born with two sets of genitals or whose genitals are ambiguous. For these people, Butler
argues, the “gendering” is most cruel. These human beings aren’t left as the beautiful products that they are, but
quite the opposite – they are mutilated as babies and find it very difficult to live sexually fulfilling lives as adults.
E. Although never explicitly stated in Judith Butler’s work, what her work might lead on to is a lessening of
the gendering process. She would be incredibly sceptical about such an idea. She would suggest that this is
impossible; that we cannot think outside of the gendered categories. She believes that the only way to make life
more bearable in the gendering process is through subversion. One way she suggests is to overdo gender. She
argues that the hyperbolically feminine and the hyperbolically masculine draw attention to the edges of the
categories whilst at the same time undermining the categories by the very fact of their borders. Some would
suggest you see, that man and woman, male and female (Butler has a very interesting perspective when it comes
to the pop-science differentiation between “gender” and “sex” with the latter often being read as “biological’ and
the former as “cultural”) are related to the notion of “nature”. The househusband who takes an interest in the
décor of the family home would probably complacently suggest that, in nature, women would usually do this and
men would do that, but because we live in a society that allows for the reverse, we can do otherwise. Butler would
have problems with this for a number of reasons including the unquestioning usage of the term “nature”.

In which paragraph is each of the following mentioned? Your answers:

the details of a linguist’s theory 84. __________
Judith Butler’s ideas around the distinction often made between gender and sex 85. __________
the disagreeing of a philosopher with a linguist’s theory 86. __________
the possibility of using Judith Butler’s work to improve a situation 87. __________
sexism towards women by members of the same sex 88. __________
the misinterpretation of a term in Judith Butler’s work 89. __________
the worst problems of gender-assignment 90. __________
the difficulty in trying to summarize Judith Butler’s ideas 91. __________
the surrounding of human beings in language 92. __________
that people today aren’t that different from people of different era 93. __________
the implication is that we tend to automatically misrepresent the term in our minds 94. __________
the impossibility of briefly introducing of her ideas properly 95. __________

THE END