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    Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration by Atomic Absorption Spectros

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    Nandhini D P
    This document describes the principle and process of using atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the concentration of heavy metals in a waste water sample. It involves using a light source specific to the metal of interest, vaporizing the water sample in a flame to atomize the metals, and measuring the absorption of light to generate a calibration curve correlating absorption to concentration. This allows determining the concentration of metals in the sample by comparing its absorption to the calibration curve.

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    Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration by Atomic Absorption Spectros

    Uploaded by

    Nandhini D P
    42 views2 pages
    This document describes the principle and process of using atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the concentration of heavy metals in a waste water sample. It involves using a light source specific to the metal of interest, vaporizing the water sample in a flame to atomize the metals, and measuring the absorption of light to generate a calibration curve correlating absorption to concentration. This allows determining the concentration of metals in the sample by comparing its absorption to the calibration curve.

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    AAS

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    This document describes the principle and process of using atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the concentration of heavy metals in a waste water sample. It involves using a light source specific to the metal of interest, vaporizing the water sample in a flame to atomize the metals, and measuring the absorption of light to generate a calibration curve correlating absorption to concentration. This allows determining the concentration of metals in the sample by comparing its absorption to the calibration curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views2 pages

    Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration by Atomic Absorption Spectros

    Uploaded by

    Nandhini D P
    This document describes the principle and process of using atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the concentration of heavy metals in a waste water sample. It involves using a light source specific to the metal of interest, vaporizing the water sample in a flame to atomize the metals, and measuring the absorption of light to generate a calibration curve correlating absorption to concentration. This allows determining the concentration of metals in the sample by comparing its absorption to the calibration curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    EXPT NO:

    DATE:

    Determination of heavy metal concentration by Atomic Absorption


    Spectroscopy

    Aim

    To determine the concentration of heavy metals in the waste water sample.

    Principle

    An emission spectrum is produced when electrons fall from a higher to lower energy
    rules and an absorption spectrum is produced when electrons are excited from a lower level to
    higher energy level. If light from the emission spectrum of the element is passed through a
    sample, it will be absorbed if it meets the same element in its path. The degree of absorption
    gives the major concentration of the metals present in the sample. As the sample is vaporized and
    broken into atoms by a flame, AAS allow us to determine the concentration of atoms irrespective
    of how they are combined together. It is an extremely sensitive method, allowing concentration
    as low as one part per billion to be measured. AAS is also quicker than conventional methods
    such as volumetric analysis. It is used to determine the concentration of metals in samples such
    as water, soil, food and blood.

    The monochromatic source:

    The source lamp has a hollow cathode containing the vapor of the element under
    investigation. The light emitted by the atom in the cathode will be absorbed by the respective
    atom in the flame. If the concentration of different elements in the sample is to be determined,
    the respective light sources have to be changed. The monochromator is used to select light of one
    particular wavelength of the maximum absorbance for the element under investigation is
    generally used.
    The atomizer:

    The sample solution enters the apparatus as fine spray. The spray is mixed with fuel
    (C2H2), air and carried into the flame.th solvent evaporates and gaseous atom of the sample are
    formed at a temperature above 2000K. The temperature of the flame must be controlled
    otherwise ions with different spectra will be produced.

    Detection:

    Modern machines work on the basis of double beam principle in which one beam is
    passed through the sample under investigation and the other reference sample. In the double
    beam AAS, one beam from the hollow cathode passes as the flame and the other does not. The
    difference between these beams are detected by the converting it into an electrical signal by a
    photomultiplier. This is the amount of the light absorbed by the atoms in the flame.

    Determination of the concentration from the calibration curve:

    The amount of light absorbed by the atoms that a characteristic wavelength can be used
    to measure the concentration of the element in the sample. The absorbance of the standard
    solutions with a range of concentrations is measured and plotted on a graph to obtain a
    calibration curve. This reduces an error due to possible variations in atomization efficiency,
    concentration and path length of sample atoms. The unknown concentrations of the atoms in the
    sample can then be read off once the absorbance is known. Generally, the wavelength of
    maximum absorbance is selected for the analysis.

    A calibration curve is used to find the concentration of the element in the sample. The
    graph is linear for low concentration in agreement with the Beer Lambert’s law.

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