EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13101

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2002

ICS 97.145

English version

Steps for underground man entry chambers - Requirements,

marking, testing and evaluation of conformity

Echelons de trou d'homme - Prescriptions, marquage, Steigeisen für Steigeisengänge in Schächten -

essai, et évaluation de la conformité Anforderungen, Kennzeichnung, Prüfung und Beurteilung
der Konformität

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 August 2002.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13101:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 13101:2002 (E)

Contents

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................5
3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................6
4 Requirements .................................................................................................................................................6
4.1 General............................................................................................................................................................6
4.2 Materials..........................................................................................................................................................6
4.2.1 Metals ..............................................................................................................................................................6
4.2.2 Plastics encapsulation ..................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Design requirements .....................................................................................................................................7
4.3.1 Types...............................................................................................................................................................7
4.3.2 Dimensions.....................................................................................................................................................7
4.3.3 Limit of insertion of step .............................................................................................................................10
4.3.4 Surface condition.........................................................................................................................................10
4.3.5 Corrosion resistance ...................................................................................................................................10
4.3.6 Twist ..............................................................................................................................................................11
4.3.7 Vertical loading ............................................................................................................................................11
4.3.8 Proof load — Non-ductile materials (Grey cast iron) ...............................................................................11
4.3.9 Resistance to pull-out .................................................................................................................................11
4.3.10 Resistance to impact ...................................................................................................................................11
4.3.11 Integrity of plastics encapsulation.............................................................................................................11
4.3.12 Thickness of plastics encapsulation .........................................................................................................12
4.3.13 Integrity of galvanizing................................................................................................................................12
5 Testing ..........................................................................................................................................................12
6 Marking and designation.............................................................................................................................12
6.1 Marking .........................................................................................................................................................12
6.2 Designation...................................................................................................................................................13
7 Evaluation of conformity.............................................................................................................................13
7.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................13
7.2 Type testing (initial testing of the product)...............................................................................................13
7.3 Factory production control (FPC) ..............................................................................................................14
7.3.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................14
7.3.2 Equipment.....................................................................................................................................................14
7.3.3 Raw materials and components .................................................................................................................14
7.3.4 Product testing and evaluation ..................................................................................................................14
7.3.5 Non conforming products...........................................................................................................................15
Annex A (normative) Twist test................................................................................................................................16
A.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................16
A.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................16
A.3 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................16
Annex B (normative) Vertical loading test ..............................................................................................................17
B.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................17
B.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................17
B.3 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................17
Annex C (normative) Proof load test for grey cast iron steps..............................................................................18
C.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................18
C.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................18
C.3 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................18
Annex D (normative) Pull out/anchorage test ........................................................................................................19
D.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................19
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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

D.2 Preparation ...................................................................................................................................................19

D.2.1 Method 1 - For steps designed to be factory fixed into pre-cast concrete............................................19
D.2.2 Method 2 - For steps designed to be fixed into masonry or concrete during construction ................19
D.2.3 Method 3 - For steps designed to be fixed after construction ................................................................19
D.2.4 Method 4 - For steps designed to be replaced .........................................................................................19
D.3 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................19
D.4 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................19
Annex E (normative) Impact test .............................................................................................................................21
E.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................21
E.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................21
E.3 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................21
Annex F (normative) Method of test for integrity of plastics encapsulation ......................................................23
F.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................23
F.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................23
F.3 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................23
Annex G (Normative) Method of test for integrity of plastics encapsulation (dry conditions).........................25
G.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................25
G.1.1 Pore detector................................................................................................................................................25
G.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................25
G.3 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................25
Annex H (normative) Method of test for thickness of plastics encapsulation....................................................26
H.1 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................26
H.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................26
H.3 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................26
Annex I (informative) Evaluation of conformity by third party .............................................................................27
I.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................27
I.2 Procedure of the third party control ..........................................................................................................27
I.3 Report by the third party.............................................................................................................................28
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other
provisions of EU Directives ........................................................................................................................29
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................35

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 13101:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 165, "Waste water
engineering" the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
July 2004.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

In this European Standard the Annexes A to F and H are normative and the Annexes G and I are informative.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

1 Scope
This standard specifies general requirements and testing methods for steps manufactured from cast iron, steel or
aluminium, for use in manholes and other underground man entry chambers as a means of access.

This standard specifies performance criteria for mechanical stability and resistance providing protection against
falling. Corresponding test methods and evaluation of conformity are included.

The steps specified in this European Standard are suitable for use in sewage, surface water and, subject to the
requirements of national regulations, potable water environments.

Where steps are to be used in particular corrosive environments, e.g. industrial effluents, additional protection may
be required.

This standard does not apply for steps moulded in prefabricated manholes of the same material.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).

EN 197-1, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements.

EN 573-3:1994, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical composition and form of wrought products - Part 3:
Chemical composition.

EN 1561, Founding – Grey cast irons.

EN 1562, Founding - Malleable cast irons.

EN 1563, Founding - Spheroidal graphite cast irons.

EN 2101, Aerospace series; Chromic acid anodizing of aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys.

EN 2284, Aerospace series; Sulphuric acid anodizing of aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys.

EN 10025, Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels; - Technical delivery condition.

ENV 10080:1995, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete weldable ribbed reinforcing steel B 500 - Technical
delivery conditions for bars, coils and welded fabric.

EN 10088-1, Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels.

EN 10088-3, Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire,
sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general and construction purposes .

EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles – Specifications. (ISO 1461:1999)

ISO 1183, Plastics; Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics

ISO 3599, Vernier callipers reading to 0,1 and 0,05 mm).

ISO 3893:1977, Concrete; Classification by compressive strength.

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
step
component which is capable of being fixed into or attached to the wall of an underground man entry chamber or
manhole to facilitate safe entry and exit

3.2
single step
step which is designed to support one foot or hand, and is intended to be installed in a staggered configuration with
other such steps

3.3
double step
step which is designed to support two feet or two hands next to each other, and is intended to be installed in a
single vertical alignment with other such steps

3.4
replaceable step
step designed to allow removal and replacement

3.5
tread
top surface of a step to accommodate a foot or hand

3.6
plastic encapsulation
polymeric material providing protection of a metal core

3.7
stand-off-distance
horizontal distance from the vertical face of the manhole or other chamber to the front of the step after fixing (see
Figure 1)

3.8
upstand
raised part of a step designed to stop the foot slipping laterally off the edge of the step

4 Requirements

4.1 General

Steps shall conform to the requirements of this clause. Where a fixing system is supplied as part of the step, the
system shall conform to the requirements of this standard.

Steps shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For the installation of the steps, national
regulations shall be observed.

4.2 Materials

4.2.1 Metals

Steps shall be manufactured from the following metals:

a) Aluminum alloys according to designation 6 060 or 6 106 of EN 573-3:1994.

b) cast Iron:

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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

 malleable cast iron conforming to EN 1562;

 spheroidal graphite (ductile) cast iron conforming to EN 1563;

 flake graphite (grey) cast iron conforming to EN 1561.

c) Steel:

 steel conforming to EN 10025 or ENV 10080:1995;

 austenitic stainless steel conforming to EN 10088-1 or EN 10088-3, minimum grade X6CrNiTi18-10.

NOTE Grade X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 or better should be used for particularly corrosive environments. Advice should be
sought from the step manufacturer.

4.2.2 Plastics encapsulation

The material for encapsulating steps in plastics shall be polyethylene of minimum density 0,935 g/cm3 (as tested in
accordance with ISO 1183) or equivalent qualities of polypropylene copolymer.

NOTE If encapsulated steps are to be installed or stored where they will be subjected to prolonged exposure to direct
sunlight, they should be protected from the degradation effects of ultraviolet light. This can be achieved by the use of suitable
pigments and/or stabilizers. Advice should be sought from the step manufacturer.

4.3 Design requirements

4.3.1 Types

Steps shall be one of the following types:

 Type A : Circular tread without patterned surface, without upstand;

 Type B: Circular tread without patterned surface, with upstand;

 Type C: Any shape tread with patterned surface, without upstand;

 Type D: Any shape tread with patterned surface, with upstand.

It is permissible for steps to incorporate a facility for attaching handrails or safety devices.

NOTE The purpose of the patterned surface is to provide some additional resistance to the foot slipping on the tread. Any
design of the patterned surface, e.g. ribbing or chequering is at the step manufacturer’s discretion.

4.3.2 Dimensions

4.3.2.1 General

Steps shall conform to the relevant dimensions given in 4.3.2 (see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3) and to
dimensions and tolerances declared by the producer and shall be measured to the nearest 0,1mm.

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

circular manhole straight wall

Key
P Stand-off-distance (see 4.2.2.2 e)

Figure 1 — Stand-off-distance

Side elevation
no upstand

Side elevation
upstand

Plan view

Key

T Width of tread

H Height of upstand

W Length of upstand

L Length of tread

Figure 2 — Dimensions for double and single steps; Example for Circular tread

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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Side elevation
no upstand

Side elevation
Upstand

Plan view

Key

T Width of tread

H Height of upstand

W Length of upstand

L Length of tread

Figure 3 — Dimensions for double and single steps; Example for Flat tread

4.3.2.2 Requirements

a) Cast iron steps shall have a minimum cross-sectional thickness of 5 mm, at any point;

b) Plastics encapsulation shall have a minimum thickness of plastics of 2,5 mm at any point;

c) The minimum width of tread (dimension T on Figure 2 and Figure 3) shall be 20 mm;

d) The minimum length of tread (dimension L on Figure 2 and Figure 3) shall be 145 mm for single steps and
250 mm for double steps;

e) The minimum stand-off-distance (dimension P on Figure 1) shall be 120 mm;

f) For single and double steps of type B and type D, the following shall apply:

 Single steps shall have an upstand of between 5 mm to 20 mm high (dimension H on Figure 2 and
Figure 3) and at least 25 mm long (dimension W on Figure 2 and Figure 3) on each end of the tread to act
as a boot stop;

 Double steps shall have an upstand of at least 20 mm high (dimension H on Figure 2 and Figure 3) when
measured within 70 mm from the front of the step and between 25 mm to 100 mm long (dimension W on
Figure 2 and Figure 3) on each end of the tread to act as a boot stop.

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

4.3.3 Limit of insertion of step

The limit to which the step should be inserted into the wall of a chamber shall be clearly indicated by a single
change of section or additional information on the step, except when it is to be factory fixed into a precast concrete
unit. When the limit of insertion is not indicated on the step, its manufacturer shall state in his technical literature the
insertion length used in test method D.2.1 of this European Standard.

4.3.4 Surface condition

Steps shall be free from visible defects, protrusions or sharp edges.

4.3.5 Corrosion resistance

Steps shall be resistant to corrosion, which shall be achieved by the properties of the metal used in manufacture or
by a surface treatment or by plastics encapsulation.

a) Steel steps;

 Mild steel and non-austenitic stainless steel steps shall be protected from corrosion by hot dip galvanizing
conforming to EN ISO 1461, or by plastics encapsulation;

 No surface protection is necessary for austenitic stainless steels;

b) Aluminium steps;

 Aluminium steps shall be supplied either with no additional protection (i.e. bare metal), or plastics
encapsulated or anodised in accordance with EN 2101(chromic acid anodizing) or EN 2284 (sulphuric
acid anodizing);

 Aluminium steps shall be provided with plastics fixing tails which totally encapsulate each end of the step
and which protrude into the chamber a minimum of 20 mm (dimension F on Figure 4) from the vertical
installation face;

c) Cast iron steps;

 Malleable cast iron and ductile (spheroidal graphite) cast iron steps shall be protected from corrosion by
hot dip galvanizing conforming to EN ISO 1461, or by plastics encapsulation;

 No surface protection is required for grey cast (flake graphite) iron steps.

Key

1 Aluminium core

F Protrusion

Figure 4 — Plastics fixing tails

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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

4.3.6 Twist

When tested in accordance with Annex A, the height of the front edge of the tread from the level surface shall not
vary along its length by more than 3,0 mm for a single step or more than 5,0 mm for a double step.

4.3.7 Vertical loading

When tested in accordance with Annex B, the step ( in all materials other tan grey cast iron (see 4.3.8)) shall
support the initial load in accordance with Table 1, without visible cracking and the deflection under load shall not
exceed that specified in Table 1. After removal of the load, the permanent deflection shall not exceed that specified
in Table 1. The procedure shall be repeated using the ultimate load according to Table 1. Steps shall conform with
the requirements of both initial and ultimate tests.

Class I and class II, shown in columns 5 and 6 of Table 1, for permanent deflection relate to steps of different
designs and materials. Class II steps shall be capable of being replaced in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions during maintenance. For the use of class I steps and class II steps, provisions in the country of use
may be taken into account.

Table 1 —Requirements for vertical loading test

Characteristic Test under initial load Test under ultimate load

Single step Double Single step Double step
step
Class I Class II
Load (in kN) 2,0 2,0 4,0 4,0 4,0
Deflection under 5,0 10,0   
load (in mm)
Permanent 1,0 2,0 5,0 10,0 50,0
deflection (in
mm)

4.3.8 Proof load — Non-ductile materials (Grey cast iron)

Grey cast iron steps shall withstand a load of 12 kN when tested in accordance with Annex C without visible
cracking.

4.3.9 Resistance to pull-out

When tested in accordance with Annex D, steps shall resist a minimum force (F2) of 5 kN.

All steps designed to be replaceable shall be additionally tested under method of preparation D.2.4 and shall be
resistant to a minimum force (F2) of 5 kN.

NOTE The requirements and test methods (in Annex D) relate to the step whilst within the factory and assessed for
compliance under controlled conditions designed to reflect methods of installation in pre-cast units or on-site, but do not
necessarily replicate them.

4.3.10 Resistance to impact

When tested in accordance with Annex E, steps shall absorb an impact from a striker of mass M of 20 kg dropped
from a height of 1 m without fracture and shall conform to the requirements of 4.3.11 after impact, if relevant.

4.3.11 Integrity of plastics encapsulation

To demonstrate that the core material is protected from corrosion, plastics encapsulated steps shall show an
electrical resistance of at least 1 MΩ when tested in accordance with Annex F.

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

NOTE The above test is carried out in an aqueous solution and gives a pass/fail for the product. A dry test is also given in
Annex G which identifies the point of failure on the step. This test can be used by manufacturers in the quality control of steps.

4.3.12 Thickness of plastics encapsulation

The thickness of plastics shall be determined in accordance with Annex H and shall conform to the requirements in
4.3.2.2 b).

4.3.13 Integrity of galvanizing

When tested in accordance with EN ISO 1461, galvanized steps shall have a thickness of galvanizing in
accordance with EN ISO 1461.

5 Testing
Steps according to this standard shall be tested in accordance with the testing schedule given in Table 2.

Table 2 — Testing schedule

Material Characteristic
Twist Vertical Proof Pull Impact Plastics Thickness Galvanising
loading Load Out Integrity of plastics Integrity
grey
cast
iron
Test method according to Annex or other Standards
A B C D E F or G H EN ISO
1461
Requirements according to clause
4.3.6 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.3.9 4.3.10 4.3.11 4.3.12 4.3.13
Steel: Mild and a a — a — — — a
Non- austenitic
Steel: Stainless a a — a — — — —
Aluminium a a — a — — — —
Ductile cast iron a a — a — — — a

Malleable cast a a — a — — — a
iron
Grey cast iron a — a a — — — —
Plastics a a — a a a a —
encapsulated
a Test required

6 Marking and designation

6.1 Marking

When the steps meet all requirements of this standard, they shall be legibly and durably marked, as delivered, with
the following identification in a manner which is visible after installation:

a) Number of this European Standard (EN 13101),

b) Manufacturer’s identification;
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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

c) Material code as given in Table 3. In case of plastics encapsulated steps the material code as given in Table 3
shall be indicated for the core material;

d) Type (see 4.3.1) and class I or class II (see 4.3.7).

Marking is permitted on the fixing tail, provided that it is visible after installation.

Table 3 — Material code

Material Solid Tubular

Mild steel MSS MST
Stainless steel SSS SST
Aluminium ALS ALT
Ductile cast iron DIS
Grey cast iron GIS
Malleable cast iron MIS

When steps are installed by the manhole producer before delivery and the manhole producer ensures information
equivalent to a) to d), the marking may be placed on the packaging only.

6.2 Designation

Steps shall be designated by quoting:

a) the number and date of this European Standard;

b) type and class of step;

c) length and type of tail where applicable;

d) materials.

7 Evaluation of conformity

7.1 General

The compliance of steps for underground man entry chambers with the requirements of this standard and with the
stated values (including classes) shall be demonstrated by:

 initial type testing;

 factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment.

The control by a third party is recommended. If third party control is carried out this should be done in accordance with
Annex I.

NOTE The actual practice of third party control in the different countries may be maintained as long as the third party control
in this standard retains its recommendatory character.

7.2 Type testing (initial testing of the product)

Initial type testing shall be performed to demonstrate conformity to this standard. Tests previously performed in
accordance with the provisions of this standard (same product, same characteristic(s), same (or more demanding)
test method, same sampling procedure, etc.) may be taken into account. In addition, initial type testing shall be

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

performed at the beginning of the production of a new type of manhole steps or at the beginning of a new method
of production (where this may affect the stated properties).

Three complete specimens of steps for underground man entry chambers shall be tested in accordance with
clause 5, and each shall comply with all the requirements of the clauses 4 before production commences.

Full reports of these tests shall be retained by the manufacturer and shall be available to a third party (if applicable) for
examination.

7.3 Factory production control (FPC)

7.3.1 General

The manufacturer shall establish, document and maintain an FPC system to ensure that the products placed on the
market conform with the stated performance characteristics. The FPC system shall consist of procedures, regular
inspections and tests and/or assessments and the use of the results to control raw and other incoming materials or
components, equipment, the production process and the product.

An FPC system conforming with the requirements of the relevant Part(s) or EN ISO 9001, and made specific to the
requirements of this standard, is considered to satisfy the above requirements.

The results of inspections, tests or assessments requiring action shall be recorded, as shall any action taken.

7.3.2 Equipment

All weighing, measuring and testing equipment shall be calibrated and regularly inspected according to
documented procedures, frequencies and criteria.

7.3.3 Raw materials and components

The specifications of all incoming raw materials and components shall be documented, and shall conform to the
inspection scheme for ensuring their conformity.

7.3.4 Product testing and evaluation

The manufacturer shall establish procedures to ensure that the stated values of all of the characteristics are
maintained. The characteristics, and the means of control, shall conform to Table 4.

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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Table 4 — Factory production control for manhole steps

Items to be Requirements Test method Frequency of inspection

inspected

Appearance 4.3.4 Visual inspection Each piece

Dimensions 4.3. Measurement At start of manufacture, and
each5 pieces per production
lot a
Materials 4.1 Manufacturer's certification Each consignment
of compliance
Composition of cast Manufacturer's Analysis Each treatment or each
iron instructions furnace or each ladle
Twist 4.3. Annex A At start of production and each
5 pieces per production lot a
Vertical loading 4.3. Annex B At start of production and each
and classification 5 pieces per 3 production lots a
Proof load 4.3.8 Annex C At start of production and each
3 pieces per production lot a
Resistance to pull- 4.3.9 Annex D or relevant At start of production and each
out dimensions validated by the 3 pieces per production lot a
type test shall be checked
Impact 4.3.10 Annex E At start of production and each
5 pieces per production lot a
Plastics integrity 4.3.11 Annex F or G At start of production and each
5 pieces per production lot a
Thickness of 4.3.12 Annex H At start of production and each
plastics 5 pieces per production lot a
Galvanising integrity 4.3.13 ISO 1461EN ISO 1461 At start of production and each
5 pieces per production lot a
Marking 6.1 visual Random sampling in series
production
a The size of a production lot consists of ≤ 1000 specimens with a maximum of two production days
NOTE When the production of a design of steps is interrupted during more than three month, the tests have to be
performed at restart of production.

7.3.5 Non conforming products

If during the factory production control non-conforming products are detected, the manufacturer's quality control shall
stop the production related to the failure(s).

All non-conforming products shall be segregated and excluded from delivery, and instructions given for further
handling, storage and marking.

Only after thorough investigation, due correction of the failure(s) and final control shall the person, responsible for
quality agree to the recommencement of production.

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex A
(normative)

Twist test

A.1 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of:

 a flat and level surface;

 a device suitable for measuring the gap, with an accuracy of ± 0,1mm, between the front edge of the supported
step and the level surface;

 three props of equal height.

A.2 Procedure
Support the step in three places, as shown in Figure A.1. Measure the gap between the front edge of the tread and
the level surface in a minimum of 3 places along the length of its tread.

A.3 Test report

The report shall include the following information:

 identification of test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

 measurements of gap;

 the date of the test.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 Props
2 Level surface
Y Gap

Figure A.1 — Test for twist

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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex B
(normative)

Vertical loading test

B.1 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of:

 a test block faced with hard rubber or other resilient material which will evenly distribute the load over a length
of 90 mm ± 2 mm;
 a device capable of applying a load of at least 25 % greater than the maximum load specified in Table 1.
Testing devices shall have an error limit of ± 3 % of the load applied,
 a clamping device for holding the tails of the step,

 a device suitable for measuring deflection, with an error limit of ± 0,05 mm.

Clamping blocks shall be shaped to the profile of the tail of the step. Alternatively, the step may be fitted in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions in a suitably restrained concrete block, brick section or steel
section.

B.2 Procedure
Clamp the test sample firmly so as to leave the design projection acting as a cantilever. Establish a datum at the
centre of the tread from which to measure deflection. Apply the load centrally and normally to the tread as shown in
Figure B.1 at a rate of 1 kN/min to 3 kN/min. Note the deflection at each 0,5 kN increment up to the test load. Hold
at the test load for one minute. Remove the load and note the residual deflection.

B.3 Test report

The report shall include the following information:

 identification of the test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

 method of fixing (clamped or fitted in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions);
 initial deflection and subsequent deflection at each 0,5 kN increment of load;
 the residual deflection;
 the date of the test.

Key
1 Chamber wall
F1 Vertical load

P Stand-off-distance

Figure B.1 — Test for vertical loading

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EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex C
(normative)

Proof load test for grey cast iron steps

C.1 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of:

 a test block faced with hard rubber or other resilient material which will evenly distribute the load over a length
of 90 mm ± 2 mm;

 a device capable of applying a load of at least 25 % greater than the maximum load specified in 4.3.8. Testing
devices shall have an error limit of ± 3 % of the load applied;

 a clamping device for holding the tails of the step.

Clamping blocks shall be shaped to the profile of the tail of the step. Alternatively, the step may be fitted in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions in a suitably restrained concrete block, brick section or steel
section.

C.2 Procedure
Place the test sample in the test machine with the step iron positioned as in use (i.e. horizontally). Apply the load
vertically at the centre of the step tread. The force shall be steadily increased at a rate of 1 kN/s to 3 kN/s until the
proof load is attained.

C.3 Test report

The report shall include the following information:

 identification of the test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

 method of fixing;

 whether the step fractured;

 the date of the test.

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 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex D
(normative)

Pull out/anchorage test

D.1 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of:

 a test block faced with hard rubber or other resilient material which will evenly distribute the load over a length
of 90 mm ± 2 mm,

 a hydraulic or mechanical equipment capable of exerting a force in excess of 20 kN and with a means of
measuring the load. Testing devices shall have an error limit of ± 3 % of the load applied.

 a concrete mould capable of producing concrete blocks either 100 mm (width) x 200 mm (length) x 250 mm
(height) or 100 mm (width) x 400 mm (length) x 500 mm (height).

D.2 Preparation

D.2.1 Method 1 - For steps designed to be factory fixed into pre-cast concrete

The step shall be casted into a concrete block and allow to cure for at least 10 days before testing. The block for a
single step shall be a minimum of 100 mm (width) x 200 mm (length) x 250 mm (height). The block for a double
step shall be a minimum of 100 mm (width) x 400 mm (length) x 500 mm (height). The concrete block shall be
made to class C 35/40 of ISO 3893 using cement EN 197-1 – CEM I 32,5 N.

D.2.2 Method 2 - For steps designed to be fixed into masonry or concrete during construction

The step shall be build into a vertical masonry wall with minimum dimensions of 1 m x 1 m x 225 mm.

D.2.3 Method 3 - For steps designed to be fixed after construction

The concrete block shall be casted or the masonry wall constructed with the dimensions in D.2.1 or D.2.2, as
appropriate. The step shall be assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

D.2.4 Method 4 - For steps designed to be replaced

The original step (which had been inserted in accordance with method 1, method 2 or method 3) shall be removed
and replaced with a step in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

D.3 Procedure
The force according to 4.3.9 shall be applied at the centre of the front tread of step as shown in Figure D.1. Apply
the specified force in a maximum elapsed time of 60 s, without shock, and sustain the load for 1 min.

D.4 Test report

The report shall include the following information:

 identification of the test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

19
EN 13101:2002 (E)

 the method of fixing and length of insertion;

 the maximum load sustained or the load at failure;

 the date of the test.

Key

1 Test wall

F2 Pullout force

Figure D.1 — Test for pull-out

20
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex E
(normative)

Impact test

E.1 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of:

 a vertical tube with a bore of 102 mm to 104 mm, at least 1,2 m long and with a means of indicating a minimum
release height of 1m above the step,

 a steel striker 99 mm to 101 mm diameter with a hemispherical nose of 30 mm radius. The length of the striker
shall be such as to ensure a mass of 20 kg ± 0,2 kg,

 an impact rig. A typical rig is shown in Figure E.1.

 a clamping device for holding the tails of the step (a typical apparatus is shown in Figure E.1).

E.2 Procedure
The procedure shall be as follows:

 Prior to the test, the step shall be held at 20 °C ± 3 °C for a minimum of 4 h;.

 the test sample shall be clamped firmly;

 the clamp shall be located so that the step faces vertically upwards;

 drop the striker from a height of 1 m onto the centre of the step.

Clamping blocks shall be shaped to the profile of the tail of the step. Alternatively, the step may be fitted in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions in a suitably restrained concrete block, brick section or steel
section.

E.3 Test report

The report shall include the following information:

 identification of the test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

 the visual assessment of condition of sample after testing;

 the date of the test.

21
EN 13101:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 Striker 20 kg mass

2 Internal bore

3 Step

4 Block

d1 102 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 104 mm

d2 99 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 101 mm

Figure E.1 — Typical impact rig and striker

22
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex F
(normative)

Method of test for integrity of plastics encapsulation

F.1 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of a insulation resistance meter or equivalent instrument capable of measuring
insulation resistance with a range of 0 MΩ to 200 MΩ having a nominal open circuit voltage of 500 V direct current
(DC).

F.2 Procedure
The procedure shall be as follows:

 The plastics encapsulation shall be drilled to expose the metal reinforcement on a convenient face at the mid-
point of the cross member of the step;

 A water solution shall be prepared containing sodium chloride at a concentration of 3 % (by mass) and a
wetting agent (e.g. liquid detergent, as a volume fraction of 0,25 %);

 Half of the step shall be immersed in the test solution to within 10 mm of the exposed metal for a minimum of
30 min. A typical arrangement is shown in Figure F.1;

 One electrode shall be connected from the insulation resistance meter to the exposed metal and immerse the
other electrode from the meter in the test solution. Record the reading on the meter;

 The step shall be removed from the solution and wipe off any solution from the surface of the step. The other
half of the step shall be immersed to within 10 mm of the exposed metal for a minimum of 30 min and repeat
the measurement.

F.3 Test report

The report shall include the following information:

 identification of the test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

 the two meter readings for each step;

 the date of the test.

23
EN 13101:2002 (E)

Key
1 Metal reinforcement
2 Insulation resistance meter
3 Test solution
NOTE The figure is an example only. The bare metal connection point should be chosen to fully evaluation the
encapsulation.

Figure F.1 — Typical arrangement for testing integrity of plastic encapsulation and sleeving

24
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex G
(Normative)

Method of test for integrity of plastics encapsulation (dry conditions)

G.1 Apparatus

G.1.1 Pore detector

Key
1 Direct current control box
2 Low voltage control cable
3 Test brush
4 Bare metal connection point
5 Step

Figure G.1 — Schematic diagram of pore detector

NOTE The figure is an example only. The bare metal connection point should be chosen to fully evaluation the
encapsulation.

G.2 Procedure

The core metal should be exposed by removing the plastics encapsulation at one end of the step. Connect the
apparatus as shown in Figure G.1. Set the testing apparatus to 25 kV testing voltage. Move the testing brush in
contact with the encapsulation across the whole surface of the step.

G.3 Test report

The report should include the following information:

a) identification of the test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

b) the presence of sparks (i.e. pass/ failure of the step);

c) the date of the test.

25
EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex H
(normative)

Method of test for thickness of plastics encapsulation

H.1 Apparatus
Vernier calliper conforming to ISO 3599.

H.2 Procedure
Cut the step vertically at the five points shown in Figure H.1. Measure the thickness of the plastics using the vernier
calliper to an error limit of ± 0,05 mm. Record the minimum thickness at any point to an error limit of ± 0,1 mm.

H.3 Test report

The report shall include the following information:

 identification of the test sample (manufacturer, batch, materials and size);

 the thickness of the plastic at each measuring point;

 the date of the test.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 Cut 1

2 Cut 2

3 Cut 3

4 Cut 4

5 Cut 5

Figure H.1 — Determination of thickness of plastics encapsulation

26
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex I
(informative)

Evaluation of conformity by third party

I.1 General
The purpose of the third party control is to assess the ability of the manufacturer to manufacture products which
continuously meet the requirements of this standard and to give independent certification to these products.

I.2 Procedure of the third party control

Third party control consists of:

 approval of type testing; general evaluation of the production and testing facilities as well as suitability of staff
for continuous and orderly manufacture;

 controlling and approval of the system and of the results of the factory production control;

 independent testing of finished products, covering at least the aspects listed in Table I.1.

Table I.1 — Third party control on manhole steps

Items to be inspected Requirements Test method Test

frequency
Appearance 4.3.4 Visual inspection
Dimensions 4.3.2 Measurement
Materials 4.1 Manufacturer's certification of compliance
Composition of cast Manufacturer's Analysis 3 specimen
iron instructions of each
design of
Twist 4.3.6 Annex A step
Vertical loading 4.3.7 Annex B
and classification
Proof load 4.3.8 Annex C
Resistance to pull-out 4.3.9 Annex D or relevant dimensions validated
by the type test shall be checked
Impact 4.3.10 Annex E
Plastics integrity 4.3.11 Annex F or G
Thickness of plastics 4.3.12 Annex H
Galvanising integrity 4.3.13 EN ISO 1461
Marking 6.1 visual

The inspection visits of the third party are carried out without previous announcement at regular intervals two times
a year. The assessment is satisfactory if all requirements of Table I.1 are met for each test sample.

The inspection may be reduced after two years without failures to once a year, provided that the independent
certification body has made sure that the manufacturer's quality control system is adequate, that the controls have
been continuously carried out in a proper and effective way and that its results are in compliance with the

27
EN 13101:2002 (E)

requirements of this standard. This reduced inspection frequency is valid as long as no non-conforming products
are detected.

I.3 Report by the third party

The results of the inspection visits are given in a written report. The manufacturer signs this report and retains a copy
of it. If no agreement can be reached between the inspector and the manufacturer on the content of the report, the
manufacturer signs the report and states his reservations thereon.

The report contains at least the following items:.

 name and/or mark of the manufacturer;

 name and location of the production plant;

 title and number of this standard;

 description and manufacturer's reference numbers of products tested;

 results of the inspection in terms of:

 staff;

 production and testing facilities;

 conformity of the products;

 factory production control;

 document control;

 control, handling and disposal of non-conforming products;

 calibration and control of measuring equipment;

 handling complaints concerning non-conformity of products;

 signature of the manufacturer's representative, place and date;

 the inspector's signature.

Within four weeks after the inspection, an official report will be sent to the manufacturer by the third party.

28
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or

other provisions of EU Directives

ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics

This European standard has been prepared under the mandate M 118 "Wastewater engineering products" given to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.

The clauses of this European standard shown in this Annex meet the requirements of the mandate given under the
EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).

Compliance with these clauses confers a presumption of fitness of the manhole steps covered by this annex for the
intended uses indicated herein; reference shall be made to the information accompanying the CE-marking.

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives, not affecting the fitness for intended use, may be
applicable to the manhole steps falling within the scope of this standard.

NOTE In addition to any specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this Standard, there may
be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope (e.g. transposed European legislation and
national laws, regulations and administrative provisions). In order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction
Products Directive, these requirements need also to be complied with, when and where they apply. An informative
database of European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web site
on EUROPA (CREATE, accessed through http://europa.eu.int

This Annex has the same scope as clause 1 of this standard. It establishes the conditions for the CE marking of
manhole steps intended for the uses indicated in Table ZA.1 and shows the relevant clauses applicable.

29
EN 13101:2002 (E)

Table ZA.1 - Relevant clauses for steps for manholes

Product: Steps for manholes and other underground man entry chambers
Intended use: As a means of access in manholes and other man entry chambers to facilitate safe entry
and exit.
Requirement clauses
Levels and/or
Essential Characteristics in this European Notes
classes
Standard
Width of tread 4.3.2.2 c) None Test according to clause 5.
Minimum size is expressed in mm
(dimension T)
Stand-off-distance 4.3.2.2 e) None Test according to clause 5.
Minimum size is expressed in mm
(dimension P)
Vertical loading 4.3.7 None Test according to clause 5.
Vertical loading is expressed in kN
with corresponding values of initial
and permanent deflections in mm
Pull-out/ anchorage 4.3.9 None Test according to clause 5.
Pull-out loading is expressed in kN
Proof load (Grey cast iron) 4.3.8 None Test according to clause 5.
No visible crack
Impact (where applicable) 4.3.10 None Test according to clause 5.
Impact resistance is demonstrated
by the ability of the step to withstand
a mass (in kg) dropped from a
height (in m)
Twist 4.3.6 None Test according to clause 5.
Twist is demonstrated by the
variability of the front edge of the
tread from a flat surface.
Durability 4.1 and 4.3.5 and None Test according to clause 5 for the
4.3.2.2 b) where relevant requirement.
applicable

The requirement on a certain characteristic is not applicable in those Member States (MSs) where there are no
regulatory requirements on that characteristic for the intended use of the product. In this case, manufacturers
placing their products on the market of these MSs are not obliged to determine nor declare the performance of their
products with regard to this characteristic and the option “No performance determined” (NPD) in the information
accompanying the CE marking (see clause ZA.3) may be used. The NPD option may not be used, however, where
the characteristic is subject to a threshold level.

ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of steps for manholes

ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity

The system of attestation of conformity of manhole steps indicated in Table ZA.1, in accordance with the Decision
of the Commission 97/476/EG of 1997-06-27 as given in Annex III of the mandate for "Waste water engineering
products", is shown in Table ZA.2 for the indicated intended use and relevant level(s) or class(es):

30
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Table ZA.2 — System of attestation of conformity

Attestation of
Level(s) or
Product(s) Intended use conformity
class(es)
system
a
Manhole Steps to be used as a means of access in  4
manholes and other man entry
chambers to facilitate safe entry
and exit
a
System 4: See Directive 89/106/EEC (CPD) Annex III.2.(ii), Third possibility.

Table ZA.3 — Assignment of evaluation of conformity tasks for Steps for manholes under system 4

Evaluation of conformity
Tasks Content of the task
clauses to apply
Parameters related to
Factory production
applicable characteristics of 7.3
Tasks for the control (F.P.C)
Table ZA.1
manufacturer
Applicable characteristics of
Initial type testing 7.2
Table ZA.1.

ZA.2.2 Declaration of conformity

When compliance with this Annex is achieved, the manufacturer or his agent established in the EEA shall prepare
and retain a declaration of conformity (EC Declaration of conformity), which authorises the affixing of the CE
marking. This declaration shall include:

 name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA, and place of
production;

 description of the product (type, identification, use, ...), and a copy of the information accompanying the CE
marking;

 provisions to which the product conforms (e.g. Annex ZA of this European Standard);

 particular conditions applicable to the use of the product (e.g. provisions for use under certain conditions, etc.);

 name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the declaration on behalf of the manufacturer or
of his authorised representative.

The above mentioned declaration shall be presented in the official language or languages of the Member State in
which the product is to be used

ZA.3 CE marking and labelling

The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the EEA is responsible for the affixing of the
CE marking. The CE marking symbol to affix shall be in accordance with Directive 93/68/EC and shall be shown on
the step for manholes (or when not possible it may be on the accompanying label, the packaging or on the
accompanying commercial documents e.g. a delivery note).

The following information shall accompany the CE marking symbol on the product:

 name or identifying mark of the manufacturer;

When steps are installed by the manhole producer before delivery and the manhole producer ensures information
on the manufacturers identification, the CE marking may be placed on the packaging only.

31
EN 13101:2002 (E)

The CE marking symbol shall be shown on the accompanying commercial documents, together with the following
information and characteristics:

 name or identifying mark of the manufacturer;

 last two digits of the year in which the CE marking was affixed;

 number of this standard;

 intended use and description of the component (generic name, Type (see 4.3.1) material, reinforcement
materials, installation instructions);

 width of tread in millimetres;

 stand-off distance;

 vertical loading – vertical load in kilonewtons with corresponding values of initial and permanent deflections, in
millimetres (for ductile materials);

 proof load in kilonewtons (for non-ductile materials/grey cast iron);

 resistance to pull-out in kilonewtons

 impact resistance - mass (in kg) dropped from a height (in metres) (if applicable);

 twist - variability of the front edge of the tread from a flat surface in millimetres;

 durability as expressed in Table ZA.1;

 "No performance determined" for characteristics where this is relevant.

The “No performance determined” (NPD) option shall not be used where the characteristic is subject to a threshold
level. Otherwise, the NPD option may be used when and where the characteristic, for a given intended use, is not
subject to regulatory requirements.

Figure ZA.1 gives an example of the information to be given on the product.

CE conformity marking, consisting of the

“CE”-symbol given in Directive
93/68/EEC.

AnyCo Ltd, P.O.Box 21, B-1050 Name of Manufacturer

Figure ZA. 1 — Example for CE marking on the product

32
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Figures ZA.2 and ZA.3 give examples of the information to be given on the accompanying commercial documents.

CE conformity marking, consisting of the

“CE”-symbol given in Directive 93/68/EEC.

Name or identifying mark and registered address of the

AnyCo Ltd, P.O.Box 21, B-1050
producer
01 Last two digits of the year in which the CE marking was
affixed

No. of European standard and intended use

EN 13101 Step for manholes
Description of product
Single step Type D grey cast iron

L=145 mm; T=20mm; H=20mm; W=30mm

P=120 mm
Information on regulated characteristics
Proof load: ≥ 12 kN

Pull-out/ anchorage: Minimum force 5kN

Twist: ≤ 3 mm along front of step

Figure ZA.2 — Example for CE marking on accompanying documents for single steps

33
EN 13101:2002 (E)

CE conformity marking, consisting of the

“CE”-symbol given in Directive 93/68/EEC.

Name or identifying mark and registered address of the

AnyCo Ltd, P.O.Box 21, B-1050
producer
01 Last two digits of the year in which the CE-marking was
affixed

No. of European standard

EN 13101
intended use
Step for manholes
Description of product
Double steel step Type A
plastics encapsulated steel

L=250 mm T=20 mm
Information on regulated characteristics
P=120 mm

Vertical loading:
— deflection ≤ 10 mm under 2 kN vertical load,
with permanent deflection ≤ 2 mm;
— permanent deflection ≤ 10 mm under 4 kN,
class I

Pull-out/ anchorage: Minimum force 5kN

Impact: Mass of 20 kg dropped from a height of

1m

Twist: ≤ 5 mm along front of step

Figure ZA.3 — Example CE marking on accompanying documents for double steel steps

NOTE 1 In addition to any specific information relating to dangerous substances shown above, the product should also be
accompanied, when and where required and in the appropriate form, by documentation listing any other legislation on
dangerous substances for which compliance is claimed, together with any information required by that legislation.

NOTE 2 European legislation without national derogations need not be mentioned.

34
 EN 13101:2002 (E)

Bibliography

EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems - Requirement. (ISO 9001:2000)

35