AT-500 Antenna Tester: Operation Manual

AT-500 Antenna Tester
Operation Manual
©Copyright 2016 by Bird Technologies, Inc.

Instruction Book Part Number 920-AT500 Rev. D
Safety Precautions
The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to
any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this
publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and apply to all
phases of operation and maintenance.
WARNING
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating Personnel must at all times observe general
safety precautions. Do not replace components or make
adjustments to the inside of the test equipment with the
high voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties, always
remove power.
WARNING
Shock Hazard
Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while
RF power is present.
WARNING
Do Not Service Or Adjust Alone
Under no circumstances should any person reach into an
enclosure for the purpose of service or adjustment of
equipment except in the presence of someone who is
capable of rendering aid.
WARNING
Safety Earth Ground
An uninterruptible earth safety ground must be supplied
from the main power source to test instruments.
Grounding one conductor of a two conductor power cable
is not sufficient protection. Serious injury or death can
occur if this grounding is not properly supplied.
WARNING
Resuscitation
Personnel working with or near high voltages should be
familiar with modern methods of resuscitation.
i
Safety Precautions
Safety Symbols
WARNING
Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in personal injury.
CAUTION
Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in damage to the
instrument.
The caution symbol appears on the equipment indicating there is

important information in the instruction manual regarding that
particular area
Note: Calls attention to supplemental information.
ii
Warning Statements
The following safety warnings appear in the text where there is danger to
operating and maintenance personnel, and are repeated here for emphasis.
WARNING
Live RF energy. Do not touch or ground the center
conductor of a live RF connection. Failure to comply may
result in equipment damage and serious burns or death to
personnel.
On page 13.
WARNING
Care should be taken when handling batteries.
Do not heat or dispose of batteries in fire. May burst or
release toxic materials.
Avoid forced discharge.
Do not short circuit.
Restrict charging current and time to the recommended
value.
Do not solder the battery directly.
Do not disassemble, apply excessive pressure or deform.
Avoid placing the battery in reverse polarity.
Battery disposal method should be in accordance with
local and state regulations.
On page 28.
WARNING
Replace with ONLY Nickel-Metal hydride (NiMH)
rechargeable AA batteries with a nominal voltage of 1.2V
and minimum capacity of 2000mAh. DO NOT install any
type of battery such as alkaline or other type of secondary
(rechargable) batteries.
On page 34.
WARNING
Charging batteries installed in reverse polarity can cause
the battery to swell or rupture.
On page 34.
iii
Safety Precautions
Caution Statements
The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are repeated here for
emphasis.
CAUTION
Only use the AC adapter provided with the AT. Do not use
the adapter with the batteries removed.
On page 11.
CAUTION
Follow guidelines for battery charging.
Avoid constant charging of batteries for long periods of
time. Overcharging can result in reduced battery efficiency,
service life, and possible permanent damage.
On pages 11 and 29.
CAUTION
Required input is 11 to 16 VDC @ 250mA. Connector is
wired outside positive, inside negative.
On page 12.
CAUTION
AVOID STATIC DISCHARGE
Use proper Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) precautions to
avoid static discharge when making connections to the test
port. Equipment failure can occur if the test port is
subjected to ESD.
On page 13.
CAUTION
250mW max. input
Exceeding the maximum input will cause damage to
internal components. Do not connect transmitter output to
the AT-500. Damage can also be caused by testing antennas
near other transmitting antennas. If testing base station
antennas, first measure the power at the coax end to be
sure it does not exceed 250mW.
On page 13.
iv
CAUTION
Harsh or abrasive detergents and some solvents can
damage the display unit and information on labels.
On page 28.
CAUTION
Replace with only the same type and rating fuse. 315mA
250V
On page 35.
Safety Statements
USAGE
ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY
THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY
PROTECTION.
USO
EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA
POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE
SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO.
BENUTZUNG
WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM
HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT
BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
UTILISATION
TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS
EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT
ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE
L’INSTRUMENT.
IMPIEGO
QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO
DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA
PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA.
v
Safety Precautions
SERVICE
SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED
PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO
NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO.
SERVICIO
LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO
DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL
PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN
SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO.
WARTUNG
ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR
FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL.
ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND
WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM
SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.
ENTRENTIEN
L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ
AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR
PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS
EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE
FAIRE.
ASSISTENZA TECNICA
LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE
ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE
ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE
NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE
QUALIFICATI A FARLA.
vi
UNITS ARE EQUIPPED WITH RECHAREABLE BATTERIES.

THESE ARE TO BE REPLACED BY AUTHORIZED SERVICE PERSONNEL ONLY!!!
LAS UNIDADES VIENEN EQUIPADAS CON BATERIAS

RECARGABLES.
¡¡¡Y SOLAMENTE EL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO AUTORIZADO PUEDE
REEMPLAZARLAS!!!
GERÄTE SIND MIT WIEDER AUFLADBAREN BATTERIEN

BESTÜCKT.
BATTERIEN SIND NUR VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERICE PERSONAL
AUSZUWECHSELN!!!
CES DISPOSITIFS SONT ÉQUIPÉS DE BATTERIES

RECHARGEABLES.
SEUL LE PERSONNEL D’ENTRETIEN AUTORISÉ EST HABILITÉ À
LES REMPLACER !
LE UNITÀ SONO DOTATE DI BATTERIE RICARICABILI,

CHE DEVONO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA
PROTEZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE
COMPROMESSA.
RF VOLTAGE MAY BE PRESENT IN RF ELEMENT SOCKET - KEEP

ELEMENT IN SOCKET DURING OPERATION.
DE LA TENSION H.F. PEAT ÊTRE PRÉSENTE DANS LA PRISE DE

L'ÉLÉMENT H.F. - CONSERVER L'ÉLÉMENT DANS LA PRISE LORS
DE L'EMPLOI.
HF-SPANNUNG KANN IN DER HF-ELEMENT-BUCHSE ANSTEHEN -

ELEMENT WÄHREND DES BETRIEBS EINGESTÖPSELT LASSEN.
PUEDE HABER VOLTAJE RF EN EL ENCHUFE DEL ELEMENTO RF -

MANTENGA EL ELEMENTO EN EL ENCHUFE DURANTE LA
OPERACION.
IL PORTAELEMENTO RF PUÒ PRESENTARE VOLTAGGIO RF -

TENERE L'ELEMENTO NELLA PRESA DURANTE IL
FUNZIONAMENTO.
vii
About This Manual
About This Manual
This manual covers the operating and maintenance instructions for the
following models:
AT-500
Changes to this Manual
We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you discover
any errors, or if you have suggestions for improving this manual, please send
your comments to our Solon, Ohio factory. This manual may be periodically
updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number
and revision on the title page.
Chapter Layout
Introduction — Describes the features of the antenna tester, lists equipment

supplied and optional equipment.
Basic Operations — Describes the base level operation instructions.
Installation — Describes the power supply and antenna connection
instructions.
Measure Match — -Describes how to use the antenna tester in it’s various
modes of operation.
Field Strength — Describes how to use the field strength detection mode.
Maintenance — Describes cleaning, calibration, and other maintenance
procedures vital to the operation of the antenna tester.
viii
Table of Contents
Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Warning Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Safety Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Changes to this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Chapter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Items Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Component Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Display Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Optional Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 2 Basic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Out of Range Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Setting the Auto Shut-Off Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Return to Factory Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Set Serial Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
AC Mains Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Automobile Cigarette Lighter Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Connecting the Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter 4 Measure Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Understanding the Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Swept Frequency vs. Single Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Auto Scale vs. Manual Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Sweep Type-Single Hold vs. Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Swept Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Select Frequency Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Select Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ix
Table of Contents
Select Auto or Manual Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Selecting the Sweep Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Saving a Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Recalling a Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Clearing a Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Limit Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Turn Audio On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Selecting Limit Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Using a Trace as the Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Clearing a Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Single Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Selecting the Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Select Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Select Auto or Manual Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Turn Audio On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Chapter 5 Field Strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Field Strength Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Turn Audio On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Enter Gain Factor / Select Auto Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Chapter 6 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Charging Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Batteries and Long Term Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Operational Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Battery Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Display Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Fuse Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
The Antenna Tester will not power up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NVRAM Test Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
ROM, EEPROM, RAM, A/D, TEMPR, PLL Test Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Stuck Keys Test Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
“Noise” is Displayed During Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
x
Antenna Tester indicates a Perfect Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
xi
Chapter 1 Introduction
Items Supplied
Figure 1 Supplied Items
1. Bird AT-500
2. AC Mains Adapter
3. Female “N”-Type Connector
4. Field Strength Antenna
5. Operation Manual (Not Shown)
1
Component Description
Figure 2 Component Description
2
Introduction
1. LCD Display Backlit liquid crystal display.

2. External DC Connect either the ac adapter or the
Connector cigarette lighter adapter. External
supplies operate the unit and charge
the internal battery.
3. Cursor Keys
Left Arrow Press in swept frequency mode to
move the cursor to the left. Press during
data entry to erase data.
Right Arrow Press in swept frequency mode to
move the cursor to the right.
Up Arrow Moves the cursor to the maximum point
on the displayed trace. Press during
data entry to increase numeric data.
Down Arrow Moves the cursor to the minimum point
on the displayed trace. Press during
data entry to decrease numeric data.
4. Backlight Key Turns the backlight on or off. Backlight
is on a timer to increase battery life.
5. On Key Press to turn tester on, press and hold
to turn tester off.
6. +/- Key Toggles between positive and negative
numbers.
7. Enter Key Completes data entry.
8. ESC Key Back up through menu structure. At the
top menu level, blanks menu. Exits data
entry without saving changes.
9. Menu Key Displays software menu and enables
menu select keys.
10. Select Key Allows current parameter, indicated by
flashing cursor, to be changed. Press
again to enable the next parameter to
be changed.
11. Numeric Keys Input numeric values.
12. Menu Select Used to access the menu sections
Keys described directly above them. Can
also be used to scroll through available
settings in a particular parameter.
13. Test Port Connect antenna or antenna lead.
14. Serial Port Connect communication cable to allow
data transfer to a PC.
3
Display Description
Figure 3 Display Description
4
Introduction
1. Sweep Rate Blinks when sweeping.

Indicator
2. Measurement Units Indicates selected measurement
units.
3. Trace Graphic display of measured
results across selected frequency
band.
4. Menu Select Key Defines function of menu select
Labels keys located below the display.
5. Frequency Band Displays frequency band selected.
Scale
6. Cursor Used to select measurement
position on the trace.
7. Utility Label Area for displaying general data
(Lo Batt, Busy, Hold, Noise, and
test results).
8. Frequency Selected Frequency (for swept
mode this is frequency at the
cursor position).
9. Measured Value Numeric display of measured value
(for swept mode this is the value at
the cursor position).
10. Scale Displays user defined
measurement scale.
11. Pointer Moves across scale to show
analog type indication of measured
value.
5
Features
Swept Frequency Mode — Fast scan shows VSWR, , match efficiency or

return loss across an entire band. A movable cursor can be used to pinpoint a
scan frequency and the corresponding measurement value is displayed.
Single Frequency Mode — Provides measurement information in units of
Reflection Coefficient (); Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR);% Match, or
Return Loss (dB) at one frequency on a simulated meter movement. An audio
generator can be enabled to produce a tone that is proportional to the match
condition.
Auto Scaling — Used in either swept or single frequency modes, sets the Y
axis for best measurement display.
Relative Field Strength — Provides means for optimizing the radiated
signal of any transmitter within the specified frequency band.
Limit Testing — Quick pass-fail indication; compares measurements to user
selected limits.
Data Storage — Saves and recalls up to 12 traces to be used to set limit or
long term monitoring of antenna performance.
Serial Communication Link — Built in serial port and optional software
uploads data to a personal computer for analysis or storage.
Optional Equipment
Automobile Cigarette Lighter Adapter (P/N 5A2238-1) — Connects

tester to standard 12V automotive cigarette lighter jack.
Carrying Case (P/N 5000-030) — Convenient and protective, large enough
to carry the tester, AC adapter, connectors, field strength antenna and
instruction book.
Verification Kit (P/N 7000A545) — Used to verify tester performance.
Includes standard mismatch and connector adapter.
Interface Software (P/N 7000B840) — PC software used to upload trace
data for analysis, printing or storage.
Note: System requirements: IBM PC or equivalent; Windows 95 or
later, 6 MB free hard disk space; VGA monitor, open com port.
Includes interface cable.
6
Chapter 2 Basic Operations
Getting Started
This section describes initial quick steps to get started. For detailed information
regarding connecting the Antenna Tester refer to that section at the end of this
chapter.
Note: This unit is shipped with the batteries not charged. Charge
batteries overnight or for at least 8 hours before use.
Power On/Off
 To turn the Antenna Tester on, momentarily press the ON key.

Note: The results of a self test will be displayed if a failure is pres-
ent. For more information about the self test or a failure, refer to
"Maintenance" on page 28 .
 To turn the Antenna Tester off, press and hold the ON key for 1
second.
Backlight
 To turn the backlight on, press the BACKLIGHT key.

 To increase or decrease display contrast, press and hold the
BACKLIGHT key while pressing either the UP or DOWN arrow key.
 To turn the backlight off, press the BACKLIGHT key.
Software Menu
 Press the MENU key to display the software menu.
Blinking Cursor (black square)

The cursor will be blinking in the selected area, indicating that the parameter for
that area can be changed.
Enter Key
All data entry, and mode changes accessed using select key, require the enter
key to be pressed before they are initiated.
7
Up/Down Arrow Keys
When a function is enabled for change, the UP or DOWN arrow keys can be
used to either scroll through your choices or increase/decrease the numerical
value. The actual increments depend on the function.
Left Arrow Key
The LEFT arrow key can be used to backspace erasing one character at a time
during data entry.
Escape (ESC)
Returns to previous menu without initiating a change.
Select Key
The operator instructions written for this manual were based on stepping
through the software menu using the keys below the display. Once you are
comfortable operating the AT-500, you might find it faster to use the SELECT
key to access some functions. These include: Units, Scale, Start and Stop
Frequencies in swept frequency mode and Units, Scale and Frequency in single
frequency mode.
Press the SELECT key until the cursor is blinking at the desired function. The
first function enabled depends on the last function selected through the menu.
8
Basic Operations
Messages
There are five utility messages that can be displayed to inform you of
equipment, or procedural, conditions.
“Lo Batt”
Displayed when battery voltage is less than 6.6V, See "Charging Batteries" on
page 28 .
“Busy”
Displayed during mode changes indicating the measurement information is
being updated.
“Hold”
Displayed when in the Swept Frequency mode, and Single Hold is the selected
sweep type.
“Pass” or “Fail”
Displayed indicating the appropriate results of a limit test.
“Noise”
Displayed if there is excessive background noise measured. The measurement
may not be accurate. See "Troubleshooting" on page 36 if this condition is
persistent.
Out of Range Values
When entering numeric data, it is possible to enter a value out of range.

Depending on the function, the Antenna Tester will either enter the minimum
or maximum value, or the cursor will continue to blink on the function out of
range waiting for the correct entry.
Setting the Auto Shut-Off Timer
In order to preserve battery life, the Antenna Tester will automatically shut off
after 5,15,30 or 60 minutes without any keystrokes.
Follow the steps below to select the length of time, before auto shut-off occurs.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the UTIL key.
3. Press the TIMER key until the desired interval is displayed.
9
Return to Factory Presets
When the Antenna Tester is turned on, the various software parameters will be
set to the condition they were at when the tester was turned off.
To return the parameters to the factory setting follow the steps below.
 The parameters will be set to the conditions listed below.
Software Parameter Factory Setting

Mode Swept Frequency
Start 2.0MHz
Stop 520.0MHz
Measurement Units VSWR
Scale min. 1.0; max. 5.0
Sweep Type Continuous
Limit Value 1.5
Limit Audio ON
Baud Rate 9600
Auto Shut-off Timer 5
Audio ON
Cursor 67MHz

3. Press the PRESET key.
Set Serial Baud Rate
Measurement data can be transferred between the AT-500 and a personal

computer using the serial port and optional interface software. The data can
then be used for analysis, printed, or stored.
The data transfer rate (baud rate) between the Antenna Tester and computer
must be identical and set to 9600. To change the baud rate for the serial port on
the Antenna Tester, follow the steps below.
Complete interface software instructions are included with the software.
3. Press the SERIAL key.
4. Repeatedly press the SERIAL key until the 9600 is displayed.
10
Chapter 3 Installation
The following paragraphs will explain how to connect the Bird Antenna Tester
for various operations. Refer to "Component Description" on page 2 , if
needed.
Power Supply
The AT-500 can use an external power source. Using the ac adapter or the 12V
cigarette lighter adapter will also charge the battery. Using the ac adapter,
charge time is about 8 hours. Using the cigarette lighter adapter, charge time
will depend on the car battery charge. Battery life is 2 hours continuous
operation, minimum, with the backlight on. “Lo Batt” is displayed when the
batteries require charging.
Note: This unit is shipped with the batteries not charged. Charge
batteries for at least 8 hours before use.
CAUTION
Note: For optimum battery life, only charge the batteries after
the low battery indicator is displayed.
CAUTION
Only use the AC adapter provided with the AT. Do not use
the adapter with the batteries removed.
11
AC Mains Adapter
To use the AC adapter, insert the adapter’s barrel connector into the Antenna
Tester’s DC jack. Insert the adapter plug into a wall receptacle.
CAUTION
Required input is 11 to 16 VDC @ 250mA. Connector is
wired outside positive, inside negative.
Automobile Cigarette Lighter Adapter Cable
Note: Before inserting the adapter’s barrel connector into the

Antenna Tester’s DC jack (Figure 4 ), verify that the polarity of the
adapter barrel is correct (Figure 4 ). The negative (–) symbol must
be adjacent to the word TIP as the center is negative and the out-
side is positive.
Insert the adapter plug into a cigarette lighter.
Figure 4 Cigarette Lighter Adapter Cable

Tip Connection
12
Installation
Connecting the Antenna
WARNING
Live RF energy. Do not touch or ground the
center conductor of a live RF connection.
Failure to comply may result in equipment
damage and serious burns or death to
personnel.
CAUTION
AVOID STATIC DISCHARGE
Use proper Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
precautions to avoid static discharge when
making connections to the test port.
Equipment failure can occur if the test port is
subjected to ESD.
CAUTION
250mW max. input
Exceeding the maximum input will damage the
unit. Do not connect transmitter output to the
AT-500. Damage can also be caused by testing
antennas near other transmitting antennas. If
testing base station antennas, first measure
the power at the coax end to be sure it does
not exceed 250mW.
Antenna leads and the Field Strength Antenna are connected to the test port. A
known good RF cable can be used to connect the antenna tester directly to a
coupler box, bypassing the antenna system lead. A female TNC connector is
provided. Other connectors are available, see Parts List in the maintenance
section for more information.
Special consideration must be given to the RF energy present at the feed line of
site antennas. At active sites, RF energy from transmitters can be coupled to the
antenna under test. If large enough, these signals will cause inaccurate
measurements. For best results, the AT-500 should be used with all transmit
antennas powered down.
13
Chapter 4 Measure Match
Understanding the Operating Modes
The Antenna Tester is connected and the operating frequency band is selected.
User selections are customized, the power is on, and the top level menu is
displayed (see "Basic Operations" on page 7 ).
Since the AT-500 will change the way antennas are tested, Bird recommends
taking some time to explore the different operating modes and find what is best
for specific applications.
Swept Frequency vs. Single Frequency
Swept frequency graphically displays the unit of measure over a band of

frequencies. The cursor, a vertical dotted line, can be moved with the arrow
keys to pinpoint a particular frequency. The measured match value and the
frequency at the cursor position are shown at the top of the display.
Figure 5 Swept Frequency
Single Frequency mode displays the unit of measure in a simulated analog

meter graphic. This mode, particularly when audio is on, is useful when tuning
an antenna.
14
Measure Match
Figure 6 Single Frequency
Measurement Units
Rho (Reflection Coefficient), VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), Match

Efficiency (%), and Return Loss (dB), are different units of measurement that can
be used to present the same information. (Similarly, Celsius and Fahrenheit are
different units of measurement used to express the same temperature). These
units can be used to express the degree of match between an antenna system
and a transceiver.
Rho
Rho is the ratio of reflected wave voltage to forward wave voltage. A perfect
antenna would not have any reflected waves, hence would have a 0.00
reflection coefficient.
VSWR
VSWR refers to the ratio of maximum and minimum voltages that are set up on
a transmission line resulting from the combination of a forward wave and
reflected wave. If the antenna system is perfectly matched, the VSWR would be
1:1 and shown as 1.00.
Match Efficiency (%)
Match Efficiency (%) indicates how much of the transmitted power is being used
and how much is wasted. If the antenna system is perfectly matched, the Match
Efficiency would be 100%.
Return Loss (dB)
Return Loss (dB) is a comparison of the reflected signal to the forward signal in
decibels. If the antenna system is perfectly matched, the Return Loss would be
negative infinity dB.
Antenna manufacturers often use VSWR for specifications. Match Efficiency is
popular for testing because it is easy to determine a good match versus a bad
match. For example a system with a VSWR of 1.50 would show -13.98 dB Return
Loss and 96% Match Efficiency.
15
Auto Scale vs. Manual Scale
In swept mode Auto Scaling sets the measurement unit scale to make the trace
easier to read. However, if you plan to look at the size or shape of traces for
quick comparisons, it might be more meaningful to set a standard scale.
Remember that it is possible to set the scale manually so the information is not
on the display at all.
Figure 7 Auto Scaling Swept Frequency Mode
Figure 8 Manual Scaling Swept Frequency Mode
In the single frequency mode Auto Scaling sets the measurement unit scale so
the pointer is mid range of the previous reading. The maximum and minimum
scale values are approximately 10% higher or lower than the measured value.
16
Measure Match
Figure 9 Manual Scaling Swept Frequency Mode
This setting is an operator preference based on the mode that best presents the
desired information.
Figure 10 Manual Scaling Single Frequency Model
Sweep Type-Single Hold vs. Continuous
Continuous sweep continually sweeps the selected frequency band updating

the measured value with each sweep. An asterisk (*) is blinking on the left side
of the display to indicate sweep rate. The single hold mode will freeze a trace on
the display and hold is displayed on the right. Holding a trace is also helpful
before saving the trace, (more about saving traces under that heading later in
this section).
17
Swept Frequency
Select Frequency Band
There are two options for selecting the frequency band. The first is simply to
enter the start and stop frequencies. The second is to enter a span frequency,
which is the desired width of the band, and a center frequency, that will be used
as the center of the band.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the BAND key.
4. Depending on desired method press either Start Stop MHz or Center
MHz:
Start Stop MHz
Note: The cursor will blink on the start frequency and Start Stop
MHz will be highlighted.
1. Enter the frequency using the numeric keypad or change the frequency
using the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
2. Press the ENTER key. The cursor will blink on the stop frequency.
4. Press the ENTER key. The tester will begin sweeping.
Center MHz
Note: The cursor will blink on the Center frequency and Center
MHz will be highlighted.
2. Press the ENTER key.
Note: The tester will begin sweeping.
3. Press the SPAN key.
Note: The tester will begin sweeping.
18
Measure Match
Select Measurement Units
Antenna match information can be presented using four different measurement

units. Depending on the application, follow the steps below to select Rho,
VSWR,%Match or Return Loss.
3. Press the MEAS UNITS key.
4. Press the UNITS key.
5. Press either the RHO, VSWR,%MATCH or RETURN LOSS key.
Note: The selected unit will be shown on the left side of the dis-
play.
6. Press RETURN to go back one menu level or MENU to return to the top
menu level.
Select Auto or Manual Scale
Selecting the scale simply sets up how the information will look on the display.
3. Press the MEAS UNITS key.
4. Depending on desired mode press either AUTO or MANUAL SCALE:
Auto Scale
The units scale changes and the Antenna Tester begins sweeping.
Manual Scale
Note: The cursor will blink on the minimum scale value and Man-
ual Scale will be highlighted.
1. Enter the desired value using the numeric keypad or change the value using
the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
Note: The cursor will blink on the maximum scale value.
4. Press the ENTER key. The tester will begin sweeping.
Note: If an out of range value is entered, the minimum (if under-
range) or maximum (if over-range) value will be substituted. If a
maximum value that is lower than the minimum value is entered,
the cursor will blink again on the minimum value waiting for a cor-
rect entry. The actual range depends on the units selected.
19
Note: HINT: Using the arrow keys will keep you in the acceptable
range. If you are not sure if the larger value should be at the top or
bottom of the scale, press the auto scale key to see where the soft-
ware puts it.
Selecting the Sweep Type
Sweep types are continuous or single hold. Continuous will sweep and update
the trace automatically. Single hold will sweep once and the trace will remain in
the display. Each time single hold is pressed, the trace is updated.
3. Press the SWEEP TYPE key.
4. Do one of the following, depending on desired mode:
 Press SINGLE HOLD key.
Note: HOLD will be displayed.
 Press CONT key.
Note: The tester begins sweeping.
Saving a Trace
The AT-500 can store up to 12 traces. A saved trace can be used to evaluate long
term antenna performance, compare performance under different conditions
or for comparison to another antenna. A saved trace is also a powerful tool in
limit testing (more about limit testing later in this section). The information can
later be uploaded to a PC using optional interface software and the serial port.
Traces are stored in nonvolatile memory so they are not lost when the Antenna
Tester is turned off.
Since the reflection coefficient is the information actually saved when saving a
trace, and everything else is calculated from that, you have some flexibility
when using the trace for comparison. For example, if you save a trace displayed
in VSWR, you can compare it to a trace displayed in %Match. You can also
change the frequency band of the new trace to effectively zoom in on a
particular section of the saved trace. This may be helpful in pinpointing a
problem area in a failed limit test.
20
Measure Match
Figure 11 Save a Trace
The desired units, band, and scale should be selected. You should be in the
single hold mode and the trace you want stored should be displayed. If
continuous sweep type is selected, the trace displayed when you save will be
stored.
3. Press the TRACE key.
4. Press the SAVE TRACE key.
5. Press a REG-n key that has EMPTY displayed.
6. Do one of the following:
 If a full register is selected, the new trace will overwrite the old trace.
 If registers 1-4 are full, press the MORE SAVE key to access 5-8 and
again to access 9-12.
Note: If needed, use the ESC key to back up.
Note: HINT: It is a good idea to keep a record of which traces are
in which register as they are identified by register number only.
Recalling a Trace
Follow the steps below to recall a saved trace.

4. Press the RECALL TRACE key.
5. Press the REG-n key for the desired trace, press the MORE RECALL
key to access 5-8 and again to access 9-12. If needed, use the ESC key to
back up. The saved trace will be displayed and the corresponding register
number will be shown at the bottom of the display.
21
Note: The arrow keys can be used to move the cursor, and the
corresponding measurement and frequency at the cursor will be
displayed. Remember the up arrow key will move the cursor to the
highest value on the trace and the down arrow key will move it to
the lowest.
 Press the RETURN key to return to register selection.
 Press the ESC key to return to trace menu.
Clearing a Trace
When a trace is no longer needed or you need to clear registers for space,
follow the steps below.
4. Press the CLEAR TRACE key.
5. Press the REG-n key for the desired trace, press the MORE CLEAR
key to access 5-8 and again to access 9-12. If needed, use the ESC key to
back up. The word full will be replaced by empty at the selected register.
6. Press the ESC key to return to the trace menu.
Limit Testing
Limit testing is a quick pass-fail test using operator defined limits or a stored
trace as a minimum for acceptability. Pass or fail will be displayed at the top of
the display and an audible tone can be enabled to indicate a fail situation.
Limit testing is probably the most labor-efficient mode for operating the AT-500.
Since all the software settings are retained when the tester is turned off, once
the limit test is set up its simply a matter of connecting the next antenna
system, turning on the power and reading pass or fail.
Turn Audio On/Off
Audio tone for fail indication.

3. Press the LIMIT key.
4. Pressing the AUDIO key will toggle between on and off.
22
Measure Match
Selecting Limit Values
Valid limit values depend on measurement units selected. Valid entries are:
VSWR
Between 1.0 and 100.0
% Match
Between 0 and 100%
Return Loss
Between -32 and 0 dB
RHO
Between 0.000 and 1.000
4. Press the VALUE key. The cursor will blink next to off.
Note: Pass or Fail will be displayed, a tone will be heard for fail if
audio is enabled.
Using a Trace as the Limit
The trace you want to use for the limit must be saved. You can have the current
antenna test running or start it after you set up the limit test.
Figure 12 Dotted Outline of Limit Trace

23

4. Press the TRACE - > LIMIT key.
5. Press the REG-n key where the trace is stored.
Note: A dotted outline of the limit trace will be displayed with the
new trace displayed over it. Pass or Fail will be displayed.
Note: You can still move the cursor, change measurement units,
frequency band and scale. The dotted outline of the limit trace will
be automatically adjusted to provide a direct comparison with the
antenna system under test.
Clearing a Limit
Follow the steps below to clear either an operator defined limit value or a trace
limit. The trace will still be stored in memory, the limit value will be erased.
4. Press the CLEAR LIMIT key.
The value field will change to off if an operator value was being used, the dotted
outline of the limit trace will be removed if a trace was being used.
Single Frequency
This mode is useful for tuning antennas, particularly with the audio on. The
frequency can be selected following the instructions below.
Selecting the Frequency

2. Press the SINGLE FREQ key.
3. Press the FREQ MHZ key. The cursor will be blinking at the frequency
and Freq MHz will be highlighted.
4. Enter the desired frequency using the numeric keypad or change the value
5. Press the ENTER key. The measured value and the frequency will be
shown at the top of the display.
24
Measure Match
Select Measurement Units
Antenna match information can be presented using three different

measurement units. Depending on your application, follow the steps below to
select Rho, VSWR, %Match or Return Loss.
3. Press the UNITS key.
4. Press either the RHO, VSWR, %MATCH or RETURN LOSS key.
The selected unit will be shown in the center of the display.
5. Press the RETURN key to go back one menu level.
Select Auto or Manual Scale
Selecting the scale simply sets up how the information will look on the display.
3. Depending on desired method press either AUTO or MANUAL
SCALE:
Auto Scale
The units scale changes.
Manual Scale
The cursor will blink on the maximum scale value and Manual Scale will be
highlighted.
2. Press the ENTER key. The cursor will blink on the minimum scale value.
Note: If an out of range value is entered, the minimum (if under-
range) or maximum (if over-range) value will be substituted. If a
maximum value that is lower than the minimum value is entered
the cursor will blink again on the minimum value, waiting for a cor-
rect entry. The actual range depends on the units selected.
Note: Using the arrow keys will keep you in the acceptable range.
If you are not sure if the larger value should be at the right or left
side of the scale, press the auto scale key to see where the soft-
ware puts it.
25
Turn Audio On/Off
The pitch varies with the match condition allowing you to tune an antenna
without having to look at the display.
3. Pressing the AUDIO key toggles between on and off.
26
Chapter 5 Field Strength
Field Strength Measurement
With the field strength antenna installed, the Antenna Tester can be used to
optimize the radiated signal of any transmitter from 2 to 520 MHz. This is a
relative measurement. The measurement sensitivity is such that a full scale
deflection will occur for a field of 8 Volts/Meter at 100 MHz. The gain factor can
be adjusted to increase the measurement sensitivity to 0.08 Volts/Meter.
Turn Audio On/Off
The pitch varies with the field strength.

2. Press the FIELD STR key.
3. Pressing the AUDIO key toggles between on and off.
Enter Gain Factor / Select Auto Gain
Increasing the gain factor increases the measurement sensitivity. Setting the
gain to auto will set a gain factor so that the pointer is in the middle of the scale.
2. Press the FIELD STR key.
3. Press either:
Auto Gain
The pointer moves to the approximate middle of the scale.
Gain
The cursor will blink on the gain value. Enter the desired value using the
numeric keypad or change the value using the UP/DOWN arrow keys. Press
the ENTER key.
27
Chapter 6 Maintenance
Cleaning
CAUTION
Harsh or abrasive detergents and some solvents can
damage the display unit and information on labels.
Clean the antenna tester and the display with a soft cloth dampened with mild
detergent and water only.
Calibration
For best performance and accuracy, the Antenna Tester should be calibrated
once every 12 months. Return the unit to an authorized Bird Service Center.
Charging Batteries
WARNING
Care should be taken when handling batteries.
Do not heat or dispose of batteries in fire. May burst or
release toxic materials.
Avoid forced discharge.
Do not short circuit.
Restrict charging current and time to the recommended
value.
Do not solder the battery directly.
Do not disassemble, apply excessive pressure or deform.
Avoid placing the battery in reverse polarity.
Battery disposal method should be in accordance with local
and state regulations.
Fully charged batteries will provide a minimum of 2 hours continuous operation

with the backlight on. Charging time is typically 8 hours. The batteries are being
charged when the Antenna Tester is connected to AC, with the AC mains
adapter, or DC, with the automobile cigarette lighter adapter. The unit does not
have to be on to charge the batteries.
Note: For optimum battery life, charge the batteries only after
the low battery indication is displayed.
28
Maintenance
CAUTION
Batteries and Long Term Storage
Do not store the instrument for long periods of time without recharging the
batteries. When the instrument is stored for long periods of time without use,
the batteries will loose their charge and also loose the ability to reach full
charge when put into service. To restore the battery charge, perform a full
charge for 8 hours. If the batteries are not fully charged after eight hours,
completely discharge the batteries then perform a full charge again. If
necessary, repeat this discharge and charge cycle up to three times. If the
batteries do not remain charged after three discharge-charge cycles, replace the
batteries.
CAUTION
If subjected to an ESD spike directly to the metal portion of
the case the unit may go into an interrogative state. A
power cycle of the unit may be required to return to normal
operation. See "Power On/Off" on page 7 .
29
Operational Tests
Power-up
There are several operational tests run at power up. The test is displayed only if
any of the tests fail. The results are displayed to the right of the test as shown in
Figure 13 . If you would like the test screen displayed regardless of results, press
any key while pressing the ON key at initial power up. If any test fails, check the
troubleshooting section for possible correction. When displaying the tests as
described above, a stuck key will be indicated.
Figure 13 Power-up Test
Firmware Rev
Revision date for the firmware installed.
NVram—
Rom—
Checks for valid contents
EEprom—
Ram—
A/D—
Tempr— Checks for proper circuit operation
PLL—
Stuck_Keys Check keys for depressed at power up.
30
Maintenance
Battery Test
The battery test checks the output voltage of the batteries. The result is
displayed in a simulated analog meter type graphic with the value shown at the
top of the display. The scale is set from 6-8V.
Figure 14 Battery Test
If the voltage measured is less than 7V you should charge the batteries.
Note: The AT-500 will shut off if the battery is too low however,
full accuracy is maintained at any battery voltage.
Be sure the AC mains adapter is not connected.
2. Press the TEST key.
3. Press the BATT TEST key.
4. Press the RETURN key to end the test.
31
Display Test
The display test is used to be sure that each area of the display is functional.
When the test is started the display is filled with various characters. Each pixel
then changes state, either from black to white or white to black. If there is any
area that is not functional return the tester to Bird Electronic for repair.
Figure 15 Display Test

3. Press the DISP TEST key.
4. The test is started.
5. Press the ESC key to end the test.
32
Maintenance
Self Test
The self test is similar to the operational tests run at power up described on
page 30 of this section. The one difference is the keypad test.
Figure 16 Self Test

3. Press the SELF TEST key.
4. Press each key (except ESC and ON) to test keypad.
Note: The value next to Keypad is hexadecimal and corresponds
to the key pressed. If the value does not change for each key, refer
to Troubleshooting in this section.
5. Press the ESC key to stop the test.
If the Self Test fails, then perform the following:
1. Press the ESC key.
3. Press the Util key.
4. Press Preset.
5. Rerun the Self Test. See "Self Test" on page 33 .
Note: If the unit still fails, return the unit for service.
33
Battery Replacement
The batteries need to be replaced when fully charged batteries provide less
than 2 hours operation. Carefully follow the instructions below to replace the
batteries.
For models equipped with 700 mAh Nickel-Cadium batteries (p/n 5A2230):
Note: Unit may contain six 700 mAh Nickel-Cadium (NiCAD) bat-
teries. Replace these batteries with six Nickel-Metal Hydride NiMH)
(p/n 5B2230).
For models equipped with minimum 2000 mAh Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
batteries
(p/n 5B2230):
WARNING
Replace with ONLY Nickel-Metal hydride
(NiMH) rechargeable AA batteries with a
nominal voltage of 1.2V and minimum capacity
of 2000mAh. DO NOT install any type of
battery such as alkaline or other type of
secondary (rechargable) batteries.
Note: To retain trace data stored in nonvolatile RAM, leave the

AC mains adapter connected during battery replacement.
1. Lay the Antenna Tester, display side down, on a clean surface.
2. Using a small phillips screwdriver, remove six screws from the back cover.
3. Lift the back cover approximately two inches above the front cover.
4. Flip the back cover in the direction of the arrow shown below. To avoid
disconnecting P2, (battery connector), lay the back cover next to the front.
5. Remove the old batteries.
6. Install the new batteries checking the orientation of the positive and
negative terminals. Polarity is indicated on the case, and in Figure 17 .
WARNING
Charging batteries installed in reverse polarity can cause
the battery to swell or rupture.
7. Be sure P2 is connected and the shock strips are still in place.

8. Place the back cover over the front cover making sure it is properly seated.
9. Replace the six screws.
10. Run the battery test on page 31 of this section.
34
Maintenance
Fuse Replacement
CAUTION
Replace with only the same type and rating fuse. 315mA
250V
Note: Follow the steps outlined in Battery Replacement replacing

the fuse where replacing the batteries is indicated.
Figure 17 Battery / Fuse Replacement
35
Troubleshooting
Operator maintenance or service is limited to battery and fuse replacement.

Any other required service must be performed at an authorized Bird Service
Center.
Refer to the following paragraphs for help in isolating error conditions.
The Antenna Tester will not power up.
Power for the Antenna Tester can be provided in three ways—the internal
batteries, an AC mains adapter or an optional automobile cigarette lighter
adapter. Try to power the tester using each available means. The internal
batteries may need charged, or if recently replaced, are installed incorrectly.
The AC mains adapter may not be securely connected, may be damaged, or
there is no power supplied at the wall receptacle. The internal fuse may have
opened and requires replacement.
If the unit was recently opened, recheck P2, the battery connector, be sure it is
securely connected. Follow the instructions for battery and fuse replacement
when opening the unit.
NVRAM Test Fails
An NVRAM error indicates the information in nonvolatile RAM, a type of

memory, is not valid. The probable cause is power was lost. When the unit is off,
the batteries, if charged and present, or power from the AC mains adapter, if
connected, supply power to retain stored trace data and software settings. This
information is lost if all power is removed. Clear the error by pressing the ESC
key. Be sure to read battery charging and replacement sections if the problem
persists.
ROM, EEPROM, RAM, A/D, TEMPR, PLL Test Fails
Ensure the results are valid by repeating the self test or turning the unit off then
back on. If the problem persists return the unit for service.
Stuck Keys Test Fails
If any characters other than 0 are displayed next to stuck keys during power up
test, perform the keypad test on page 33 of this section. Remember, if a key is
depressed during power up to display the power up test results it is normal for
other characters to be displayed. If the key remains stuck return the unit for
service.
36
Maintenance
“Noise” is Displayed During Testing
The Antenna Tester measures background noise to determine if nearby signals

could cause an erroneous match measurement. Power down all nearby
transmitting antennas. All interfering signals must be removed before resuming
measurement.
Antenna Tester indicates a Perfect Match
When measuring the match of an antenna in a high RF environment, the

Antenna Tester indicates a perfect match (i.e. VSWR = 1.00, Return Loss = -32
dB, or Match Efficiency = 100%). This is caused by the coupling of interfering
signals into the Antenna-Under-Test. If sufficiently strong, the interfering signals
can over-power the measurement signal inside the Antenna Tester. Normally,
this results in degraded measurement accuracy. Bird Antenna Testers minimize
this effect by measuring the interfering signal during the time between match
measurements. The inter-ferer magnitude is subtracted from the magnitude of
the measurement signal. For relatively small interferers (i.e. interfering signal
smaller than the measurement signal), this technique yields approximately 10
dB better rejection. If the interfering signal becomes larger than the
measurement signal, the correction output approaches zero, corresponding to a
perfect match. Measurement results are not accurate under these
circumstances. The remedy is to disable the interfering source, if possible, or
postpone the measurement to a time when the interfering source is not
operating.
Customer Service
Any maintenance or service procedure beyond the scope of those in this

chapter should be referred to a qualified service center.
If the unit needs to be returned for any reason, request an Return Material
Authorization (RMA) through the Bird Technologies website. All instruments
returned must be shipped prepaid and to the attention of the RMA number.
Bird Service Center
30303 Aurora Road
Cleveland (Solon), Ohio 44139-2794
Fax: (440) 248-5426
E-mail: bsc@birdrf.com
For the location of the Sales Office nearest you, visit our Web site at:
http://www.birdrf.com
37
Parts List
Part Name Part Number

AT-500 Complete 7000A501
Parts Supplied with
AT-500 Complete, or installed when shipped.
Battery (6 required) 5A2230 (in older models)
or
Battery 5B2230 (in newer models)
Fuse RP5-1976-11
AC Mains Adapter, 115v 5A2229
or
AC Mains Adapter, 230v 5A2226
Female N Connector 4240-403
Field Strength Antenna 5A2228-3
Instruction Book 920-AT500
Foam Shock Strips (2) 5A2243-2
Optional Adapters:
N/m 4240-402
BNC/m 4240-404
BNC/f 4240-405
TNC/m 4240-406
TNC/f 4240-407
UHF/m 4240-408
UHF/f 4240-409
SMA/m 4240-410
SMA/f 4240-411
Optional Parts or Accessories:
Automobile Cigarette Lighter 5A2238-1
Adapter
Interface Software 7000B840
Includes Cable 5A2264-09-MF-10
Verification Kit 7000A545
Carrying Case 5000-030
38
Maintenance
Specifications
Frequency Range 2 to 520 MHz

Frequency Resolution 20 kHz
Measurement Range
VSWR 1.00 to 100.00
Match Efficiency 0 to 100%
Return Loss -32 to 0 dB
Rho 0.000 to 1.000
Measurement Speed (Typical)
Single Frequency 5 Readings/second
Swept Frequency 1 Sweep/second
Test Port
Impedance 50 nominal
Connector (Field Interchangeable) Female N
Field Strength
Range 0 to 100% Relative
Full scale deflection at 8 Volts/Meter at 100 MHz,
Sensitivity depending on gain setting.
0.22 V/m @ 400 MHz using supplied antenna
Power Requirements
Batteries (5A2230)
Six 1.22V AA, 700 mAH Rechargeable NiCAD
(in older models)
Batteries (5B2230)
Six 1.2V AA (HR 15/51) Rechargable NiMH
(in newer models)
External DC 12 VDC <400mA
External AC Adapter 120 ± 10% VAC 50/60 Hz
Interface Serial (female DB-9 connector)
Operating Temperature 0°to 50°C (32° to 122°F)
Storage Temperature -40° to 71°C (-40° to 160°F)
Humidity 95% ± 5% max (non condensing)
8" x 4-5/8" x 1-3/4”
Size (including connector)
(204mm x 118mm x 42mm)
Weight <2.0 lb (0.9 kg)
EN 61326-1-2:2006 Electrical equipment for
measurement and control use.
CE Compliance
EMC 61010-1:2001 - Safety 89/336/EEC, EMC 73/23/
EEC and Amendment 93/68/EEC - Low Voltage
This equipment is not specified to operate in an
environment where it may be subjected to an ESD
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
voltage spike directly on the metal portion of the
enclosure.
39
Menu Structure
40
Limited Warranty
All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise
specified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications,
drawings, blueprints and/or samples. Seller’s sole obligation under these
warranties shall be to issue credit, repair or replace any item or part thereof
which is proved to be other than as warranted; no allowance shall be made for
any labor charges of Buyer for replacement of parts, adjustment or repairs, or
any other work, unless such charges are authorized in advance by Seller.
If Seller’s products are claimed to be defective in material or workmanship or
not to conform to specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples, Seller
shall, upon prompt notice thereof, either examine the products where they are
located or issue shipping instructions for return to Seller (transportation-
charges prepaid by Buyer). In the event any of our products are proved to be
other than as warranted, transportation costs (cheapest way) to and from
Seller’s plant, will be borne by Seller and reimbursement or credit will be made
for amounts so expended by Buyer. Every such claim for breach of these
warranties shall be deemed to be waived by Buyer unless made in writing within
ten (10) days from the date of discovery of the defect.
The above warranties shall not extend to any products or parts thereof which
have been subjected to any misuse or neglect, damaged by accident, rendered
defective by reason of improper installation or by the performance of repairs or
alterations outside of our plant, and shall not apply to any goods or parts
thereof furnished by Buyer or acquired from others at Buyer’s request and/or to
Buyer’s specifications. Routine (regularly required) calibration is not covered
under this limited warranty. In addition, Seller’s warranties do not extend to the
failure of tubes, transistors, fuses and batteries, or to other equipment and
parts manufactured by others except to the extent of the original
manufacturer’s warranty to Seller.
The obligations under the foregoing warranties are limited to the precise terms
thereof. These warranties provide exclusive remedies, expressly in lieu of all other
remedies including claims for special or consequential damages. SELLER NEITHER
MAKES NOR ASSUMES ANY OTHER WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, WHETHER
EXPRESS, STATUTORY, OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, AND NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO ASSUME
FOR SELLER ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY NOT STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE FOREGOING.
41

AT-500 Antenna Tester: Operation Manual

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AT-500 Antenna Tester

©Copyright 2016 by Bird Technologies, Inc.

The caution symbol appears on the equipment indicating there is

On pages 11 and 29.

UNITS ARE EQUIPPED WITH RECHAREABLE BATTERIES.

LAS UNIDADES VIENEN EQUIPADAS CON BATERIAS

GERÄTE SIND MIT WIEDER AUFLADBAREN BATTERIEN

CES DISPOSITIFS SONT ÉQUIPÉS DE BATTERIES

LE UNITÀ SONO DOTATE DI BATTERIE RICARICABILI,

RF VOLTAGE MAY BE PRESENT IN RF ELEMENT SOCKET - KEEP

DE LA TENSION H.F. PEAT ÊTRE PRÉSENTE DANS LA PRISE DE

HF-SPANNUNG KANN IN DER HF-ELEMENT-BUCHSE ANSTEHEN -

PUEDE HABER VOLTAJE RF EN EL ENCHUFE DEL ELEMENTO RF -

IL PORTAELEMENTO RF PUÒ PRESENTARE VOLTAGGIO RF -

About This Manual

Changes to this Manual

Introduction — Describes the features of the antenna tester, lists equipment

Select Auto or Manual Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Antenna Tester indicates a Perfect Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 1 Supplied Items

Figure 2 Component Description

1. LCD Display Backlit liquid crystal display.

Figure 3 Display Description

1. Sweep Rate Blinks when sweeping.

Swept Frequency Mode — Fast scan shows VSWR, , match efficiency or

Automobile Cigarette Lighter Adapter (P/N 5A2238-1) — Connects

 To turn the Antenna Tester on, momentarily press the ON key.

 To turn the backlight on, press the BACKLIGHT key.

 Press the MENU key to display the software menu.

Blinking Cursor (black square)

Up/Down Arrow Keys

Left Arrow Key

Returns to previous menu without initiating a change.

Out of Range Values

When entering numeric data, it is possible to enter a value out of range.

Setting the Auto Shut-Off Timer

Return to Factory Presets

Software Parameter Factory Setting

1. Press the MENU key.

Set Serial Baud Rate

Measurement data can be transferred between the AT-500 and a personal

Automobile Cigarette Lighter Adapter Cable

Note: Before inserting the adapter’s barrel connector into the

Figure 4 Cigarette Lighter Adapter Cable

Connecting the Antenna

Understanding the Operating Modes

Swept Frequency vs. Single Frequency

Swept frequency graphically displays the unit of measure over a band of

Figure 5 Swept Frequency

Single Frequency mode displays the unit of measure in a simulated analog

Figure 6 Single Frequency

Rho (Reflection Coefficient), VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), Match

Auto Scale vs. Manual Scale

Figure 7 Auto Scaling Swept Frequency Mode

Figure 8 Manual Scaling Swept Frequency Mode

Figure 9 Manual Scaling Swept Frequency Mode

Figure 10 Manual Scaling Single Frequency Model

Sweep Type-Single Hold vs. Continuous

Continuous sweep continually sweeps the selected frequency band updating