AT-500 Antenna Tester: Operation Manual
AT-500 Antenna Tester: Operation Manual
AT-500 Antenna Tester: Operation Manual
Operation Manual
The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to
any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this
publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and apply to all
phases of operation and maintenance.
WARNING
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating Personnel must at all times observe general
safety precautions. Do not replace components or make
adjustments to the inside of the test equipment with the
high voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties, always
remove power.
WARNING
Shock Hazard
Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while
RF power is present.
WARNING
Do Not Service Or Adjust Alone
Under no circumstances should any person reach into an
enclosure for the purpose of service or adjustment of
equipment except in the presence of someone who is
capable of rendering aid.
WARNING
Safety Earth Ground
An uninterruptible earth safety ground must be supplied
from the main power source to test instruments.
Grounding one conductor of a two conductor power cable
is not sufficient protection. Serious injury or death can
occur if this grounding is not properly supplied.
WARNING
Resuscitation
Personnel working with or near high voltages should be
familiar with modern methods of resuscitation.
i
Safety Precautions
Safety Symbols
WARNING
Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in personal injury.
CAUTION
Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in damage to the
instrument.
ii
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Warning Statements
The following safety warnings appear in the text where there is danger to
operating and maintenance personnel, and are repeated here for emphasis.
WARNING
Live RF energy. Do not touch or ground the center
conductor of a live RF connection. Failure to comply may
result in equipment damage and serious burns or death to
personnel.
On page 13.
WARNING
Care should be taken when handling batteries.
Do not heat or dispose of batteries in fire. May burst or
release toxic materials.
Avoid forced discharge.
Do not short circuit.
Restrict charging current and time to the recommended
value.
Do not solder the battery directly.
Do not disassemble, apply excessive pressure or deform.
Avoid placing the battery in reverse polarity.
Battery disposal method should be in accordance with
local and state regulations.
On page 28.
WARNING
Replace with ONLY Nickel-Metal hydride (NiMH)
rechargeable AA batteries with a nominal voltage of 1.2V
and minimum capacity of 2000mAh. DO NOT install any
type of battery such as alkaline or other type of secondary
(rechargable) batteries.
On page 34.
WARNING
Charging batteries installed in reverse polarity can cause
the battery to swell or rupture.
On page 34.
iii
Safety Precautions
Caution Statements
The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are repeated here for
emphasis.
CAUTION
Only use the AC adapter provided with the AT. Do not use
the adapter with the batteries removed.
On page 11.
CAUTION
Follow guidelines for battery charging.
Avoid constant charging of batteries for long periods of
time. Overcharging can result in reduced battery efficiency,
service life, and possible permanent damage.
CAUTION
Required input is 11 to 16 VDC @ 250mA. Connector is
wired outside positive, inside negative.
On page 12.
CAUTION
AVOID STATIC DISCHARGE
Use proper Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) precautions to
avoid static discharge when making connections to the test
port. Equipment failure can occur if the test port is
subjected to ESD.
On page 13.
CAUTION
250mW max. input
Exceeding the maximum input will cause damage to
internal components. Do not connect transmitter output to
the AT-500. Damage can also be caused by testing antennas
near other transmitting antennas. If testing base station
antennas, first measure the power at the coax end to be
sure it does not exceed 250mW.
On page 13.
iv
AT-500 Antenna Tester
CAUTION
Harsh or abrasive detergents and some solvents can
damage the display unit and information on labels.
On page 28.
CAUTION
Replace with only the same type and rating fuse. 315mA
250V
On page 35.
Safety Statements
USAGE
ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY
THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY
PROTECTION.
USO
EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA
POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE
SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO.
BENUTZUNG
WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM
HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT
BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
UTILISATION
TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS
EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT
ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE
L’INSTRUMENT.
IMPIEGO
QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO
DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA
PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA.
v
Safety Precautions
SERVICE
SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED
PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO
NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO.
SERVICIO
LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO
DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL
PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN
SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO.
WARTUNG
ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR
FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL.
ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND
WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM
SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.
ENTRENTIEN
L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ
AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR
PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS
EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE
FAIRE.
ASSISTENZA TECNICA
LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE
ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE
ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE
NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE
QUALIFICATI A FARLA.
vi
AT-500 Antenna Tester
vii
About This Manual
This manual covers the operating and maintenance instructions for the
following models:
AT-500
We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you discover
any errors, or if you have suggestions for improving this manual, please send
your comments to our Solon, Ohio factory. This manual may be periodically
updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number
and revision on the title page.
Chapter Layout
viii
Table of Contents
Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Warning Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Safety Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Changes to this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Chapter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Items Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Component Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Display Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Optional Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 2 Basic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Out of Range Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Setting the Auto Shut-Off Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Return to Factory Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Set Serial Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
AC Mains Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Automobile Cigarette Lighter Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Connecting the Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter 4 Measure Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Understanding the Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Swept Frequency vs. Single Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Auto Scale vs. Manual Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Sweep Type-Single Hold vs. Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Swept Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Select Frequency Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Select Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ix
Table of Contents
x
AT-500 Antenna Tester
xi
Chapter 1 Introduction
Items Supplied
1. Bird AT-500
2. AC Mains Adapter
3. Female “N”-Type Connector
4. Field Strength Antenna
5. Operation Manual (Not Shown)
1
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Component Description
2
Introduction
3
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Display Description
4
Introduction
5
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Features
Optional Equipment
6
Chapter 2 Basic Operations
Getting Started
This section describes initial quick steps to get started. For detailed information
regarding connecting the Antenna Tester refer to that section at the end of this
chapter.
Note: This unit is shipped with the batteries not charged. Charge
batteries overnight or for at least 8 hours before use.
Power On/Off
Backlight
Software Menu
Enter Key
All data entry, and mode changes accessed using select key, require the enter
key to be pressed before they are initiated.
7
AT-500 Antenna Tester
When a function is enabled for change, the UP or DOWN arrow keys can be
used to either scroll through your choices or increase/decrease the numerical
value. The actual increments depend on the function.
The LEFT arrow key can be used to backspace erasing one character at a time
during data entry.
Escape (ESC)
Select Key
The operator instructions written for this manual were based on stepping
through the software menu using the keys below the display. Once you are
comfortable operating the AT-500, you might find it faster to use the SELECT
key to access some functions. These include: Units, Scale, Start and Stop
Frequencies in swept frequency mode and Units, Scale and Frequency in single
frequency mode.
Press the SELECT key until the cursor is blinking at the desired function. The
first function enabled depends on the last function selected through the menu.
8
Basic Operations
Messages
There are five utility messages that can be displayed to inform you of
equipment, or procedural, conditions.
“Lo Batt”
Displayed when battery voltage is less than 6.6V, See "Charging Batteries" on
page 28 .
“Busy”
Displayed during mode changes indicating the measurement information is
being updated.
“Hold”
Displayed when in the Swept Frequency mode, and Single Hold is the selected
sweep type.
“Pass” or “Fail”
Displayed indicating the appropriate results of a limit test.
“Noise”
Displayed if there is excessive background noise measured. The measurement
may not be accurate. See "Troubleshooting" on page 36 if this condition is
persistent.
In order to preserve battery life, the Antenna Tester will automatically shut off
after 5,15,30 or 60 minutes without any keystrokes.
Follow the steps below to select the length of time, before auto shut-off occurs.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the UTIL key.
3. Press the TIMER key until the desired interval is displayed.
9
AT-500 Antenna Tester
When the Antenna Tester is turned on, the various software parameters will be
set to the condition they were at when the tester was turned off.
To return the parameters to the factory setting follow the steps below.
The parameters will be set to the conditions listed below.
10
Chapter 3 Installation
The following paragraphs will explain how to connect the Bird Antenna Tester
for various operations. Refer to "Component Description" on page 2 , if
needed.
Power Supply
The AT-500 can use an external power source. Using the ac adapter or the 12V
cigarette lighter adapter will also charge the battery. Using the ac adapter,
charge time is about 8 hours. Using the cigarette lighter adapter, charge time
will depend on the car battery charge. Battery life is 2 hours continuous
operation, minimum, with the backlight on. “Lo Batt” is displayed when the
batteries require charging.
Note: This unit is shipped with the batteries not charged. Charge
batteries for at least 8 hours before use.
CAUTION
Follow guidelines for battery charging.
Avoid constant charging of batteries for long periods of
time. Overcharging can result in reduced battery efficiency,
service life, and possible permanent damage.
Note: For optimum battery life, only charge the batteries after
the low battery indicator is displayed.
CAUTION
Only use the AC adapter provided with the AT. Do not use
the adapter with the batteries removed.
11
AT-500 Antenna Tester
AC Mains Adapter
To use the AC adapter, insert the adapter’s barrel connector into the Antenna
Tester’s DC jack. Insert the adapter plug into a wall receptacle.
CAUTION
Required input is 11 to 16 VDC @ 250mA. Connector is
wired outside positive, inside negative.
12
Installation
WARNING
Live RF energy. Do not touch or ground the
center conductor of a live RF connection.
Failure to comply may result in equipment
damage and serious burns or death to
personnel.
CAUTION
AVOID STATIC DISCHARGE
Use proper Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
precautions to avoid static discharge when
making connections to the test port.
Equipment failure can occur if the test port is
subjected to ESD.
CAUTION
250mW max. input
Exceeding the maximum input will damage the
unit. Do not connect transmitter output to the
AT-500. Damage can also be caused by testing
antennas near other transmitting antennas. If
testing base station antennas, first measure
the power at the coax end to be sure it does
not exceed 250mW.
Antenna leads and the Field Strength Antenna are connected to the test port. A
known good RF cable can be used to connect the antenna tester directly to a
coupler box, bypassing the antenna system lead. A female TNC connector is
provided. Other connectors are available, see Parts List in the maintenance
section for more information.
Special consideration must be given to the RF energy present at the feed line of
site antennas. At active sites, RF energy from transmitters can be coupled to the
antenna under test. If large enough, these signals will cause inaccurate
measurements. For best results, the AT-500 should be used with all transmit
antennas powered down.
13
Chapter 4 Measure Match
The Antenna Tester is connected and the operating frequency band is selected.
User selections are customized, the power is on, and the top level menu is
displayed (see "Basic Operations" on page 7 ).
Since the AT-500 will change the way antennas are tested, Bird recommends
taking some time to explore the different operating modes and find what is best
for specific applications.
14
Measure Match
Measurement Units
15
AT-500 Antenna Tester
In swept mode Auto Scaling sets the measurement unit scale to make the trace
easier to read. However, if you plan to look at the size or shape of traces for
quick comparisons, it might be more meaningful to set a standard scale.
Remember that it is possible to set the scale manually so the information is not
on the display at all.
In the single frequency mode Auto Scaling sets the measurement unit scale so
the pointer is mid range of the previous reading. The maximum and minimum
scale values are approximately 10% higher or lower than the measured value.
16
Measure Match
This setting is an operator preference based on the mode that best presents the
desired information.
17
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Swept Frequency
There are two options for selecting the frequency band. The first is simply to
enter the start and stop frequencies. The second is to enter a span frequency,
which is the desired width of the band, and a center frequency, that will be used
as the center of the band.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the BAND key.
4. Depending on desired method press either Start Stop MHz or Center
MHz:
Start Stop MHz
Note: The cursor will blink on the start frequency and Start Stop
MHz will be highlighted.
1. Enter the frequency using the numeric keypad or change the frequency
using the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
2. Press the ENTER key. The cursor will blink on the stop frequency.
3. Enter the frequency using the numeric keypad or change the frequency
using the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
4. Press the ENTER key. The tester will begin sweeping.
Center MHz
Note: The cursor will blink on the Center frequency and Center
MHz will be highlighted.
1. Enter the frequency using the numeric keypad or change the frequency
using the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
2. Press the ENTER key.
Note: The tester will begin sweeping.
3. Press the SPAN key.
4. Enter the frequency using the numeric keypad or change the frequency
using the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
5. Press the ENTER key.
Note: The tester will begin sweeping.
18
Measure Match
Selecting the scale simply sets up how the information will look on the display.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the MEAS UNITS key.
4. Depending on desired mode press either AUTO or MANUAL SCALE:
Auto Scale
The units scale changes and the Antenna Tester begins sweeping.
Manual Scale
Note: The cursor will blink on the minimum scale value and Man-
ual Scale will be highlighted.
1. Enter the desired value using the numeric keypad or change the value using
the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
2. Press the ENTER key.
Note: The cursor will blink on the maximum scale value.
3. Enter the desired value using the numeric keypad or change the value using
the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
4. Press the ENTER key. The tester will begin sweeping.
Note: If an out of range value is entered, the minimum (if under-
range) or maximum (if over-range) value will be substituted. If a
maximum value that is lower than the minimum value is entered,
the cursor will blink again on the minimum value waiting for a cor-
rect entry. The actual range depends on the units selected.
19
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Note: HINT: Using the arrow keys will keep you in the acceptable
range. If you are not sure if the larger value should be at the top or
bottom of the scale, press the auto scale key to see where the soft-
ware puts it.
Sweep types are continuous or single hold. Continuous will sweep and update
the trace automatically. Single hold will sweep once and the trace will remain in
the display. Each time single hold is pressed, the trace is updated.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the SWEEP TYPE key.
4. Do one of the following, depending on desired mode:
Press SINGLE HOLD key.
Note: HOLD will be displayed.
Press CONT key.
Note: The tester begins sweeping.
Saving a Trace
The AT-500 can store up to 12 traces. A saved trace can be used to evaluate long
term antenna performance, compare performance under different conditions
or for comparison to another antenna. A saved trace is also a powerful tool in
limit testing (more about limit testing later in this section). The information can
later be uploaded to a PC using optional interface software and the serial port.
Traces are stored in nonvolatile memory so they are not lost when the Antenna
Tester is turned off.
Since the reflection coefficient is the information actually saved when saving a
trace, and everything else is calculated from that, you have some flexibility
when using the trace for comparison. For example, if you save a trace displayed
in VSWR, you can compare it to a trace displayed in %Match. You can also
change the frequency band of the new trace to effectively zoom in on a
particular section of the saved trace. This may be helpful in pinpointing a
problem area in a failed limit test.
20
Measure Match
The desired units, band, and scale should be selected. You should be in the
single hold mode and the trace you want stored should be displayed. If
continuous sweep type is selected, the trace displayed when you save will be
stored.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the TRACE key.
4. Press the SAVE TRACE key.
5. Press a REG-n key that has EMPTY displayed.
6. Do one of the following:
If a full register is selected, the new trace will overwrite the old trace.
If registers 1-4 are full, press the MORE SAVE key to access 5-8 and
again to access 9-12.
Note: If needed, use the ESC key to back up.
Note: HINT: It is a good idea to keep a record of which traces are
in which register as they are identified by register number only.
Recalling a Trace
21
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Note: The arrow keys can be used to move the cursor, and the
corresponding measurement and frequency at the cursor will be
displayed. Remember the up arrow key will move the cursor to the
highest value on the trace and the down arrow key will move it to
the lowest.
Press the RETURN key to return to register selection.
Press the ESC key to return to trace menu.
Clearing a Trace
When a trace is no longer needed or you need to clear registers for space,
follow the steps below.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the TRACE key.
4. Press the CLEAR TRACE key.
5. Press the REG-n key for the desired trace, press the MORE CLEAR
key to access 5-8 and again to access 9-12. If needed, use the ESC key to
back up. The word full will be replaced by empty at the selected register.
6. Press the ESC key to return to the trace menu.
Limit Testing
Limit testing is a quick pass-fail test using operator defined limits or a stored
trace as a minimum for acceptability. Pass or fail will be displayed at the top of
the display and an audible tone can be enabled to indicate a fail situation.
Limit testing is probably the most labor-efficient mode for operating the AT-500.
Since all the software settings are retained when the tester is turned off, once
the limit test is set up its simply a matter of connecting the next antenna
system, turning on the power and reading pass or fail.
22
Measure Match
Valid limit values depend on measurement units selected. Valid entries are:
VSWR
Between 1.0 and 100.0
% Match
Between 0 and 100%
Return Loss
Between -32 and 0 dB
RHO
Between 0.000 and 1.000
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the LIMIT key.
4. Press the VALUE key. The cursor will blink next to off.
5. Enter the desired value using the numeric keypad or change the value using
the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
6. Press the ENTER key.
Note: Pass or Fail will be displayed, a tone will be heard for fail if
audio is enabled.
The trace you want to use for the limit must be saved. You can have the current
antenna test running or start it after you set up the limit test.
23
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Clearing a Limit
Follow the steps below to clear either an operator defined limit value or a trace
limit. The trace will still be stored in memory, the limit value will be erased.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SWEPT FREQ key.
3. Press the LIMIT key.
4. Press the CLEAR LIMIT key.
The value field will change to off if an operator value was being used, the dotted
outline of the limit trace will be removed if a trace was being used.
Single Frequency
This mode is useful for tuning antennas, particularly with the audio on. The
frequency can be selected following the instructions below.
24
Measure Match
Selecting the scale simply sets up how the information will look on the display.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SINGLE FREQ key.
3. Depending on desired method press either AUTO or MANUAL
SCALE:
Auto Scale
The units scale changes.
Manual Scale
The cursor will blink on the maximum scale value and Manual Scale will be
highlighted.
1. Enter the desired value using the numeric keypad or change the value using
the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
2. Press the ENTER key. The cursor will blink on the minimum scale value.
3. Enter the desired value using the numeric keypad or change the value using
the UP/DOWN arrow keys.
4. Press the ENTER key.
Note: If an out of range value is entered, the minimum (if under-
range) or maximum (if over-range) value will be substituted. If a
maximum value that is lower than the minimum value is entered
the cursor will blink again on the minimum value, waiting for a cor-
rect entry. The actual range depends on the units selected.
Note: Using the arrow keys will keep you in the acceptable range.
If you are not sure if the larger value should be at the right or left
side of the scale, press the auto scale key to see where the soft-
ware puts it.
25
AT-500 Antenna Tester
The pitch varies with the match condition allowing you to tune an antenna
without having to look at the display.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the SINGLE FREQ key.
3. Pressing the AUDIO key toggles between on and off.
26
Chapter 5 Field Strength
With the field strength antenna installed, the Antenna Tester can be used to
optimize the radiated signal of any transmitter from 2 to 520 MHz. This is a
relative measurement. The measurement sensitivity is such that a full scale
deflection will occur for a field of 8 Volts/Meter at 100 MHz. The gain factor can
be adjusted to increase the measurement sensitivity to 0.08 Volts/Meter.
Increasing the gain factor increases the measurement sensitivity. Setting the
gain to auto will set a gain factor so that the pointer is in the middle of the scale.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the FIELD STR key.
3. Press either:
Auto Gain
The pointer moves to the approximate middle of the scale.
Gain
The cursor will blink on the gain value. Enter the desired value using the
numeric keypad or change the value using the UP/DOWN arrow keys. Press
the ENTER key.
27
Chapter 6 Maintenance
Cleaning
CAUTION
Harsh or abrasive detergents and some solvents can
damage the display unit and information on labels.
Clean the antenna tester and the display with a soft cloth dampened with mild
detergent and water only.
Calibration
For best performance and accuracy, the Antenna Tester should be calibrated
once every 12 months. Return the unit to an authorized Bird Service Center.
Charging Batteries
WARNING
Care should be taken when handling batteries.
Do not heat or dispose of batteries in fire. May burst or
release toxic materials.
Avoid forced discharge.
Do not short circuit.
Restrict charging current and time to the recommended
value.
Do not solder the battery directly.
Do not disassemble, apply excessive pressure or deform.
Avoid placing the battery in reverse polarity.
Battery disposal method should be in accordance with local
and state regulations.
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Maintenance
CAUTION
Follow guidelines for battery charging.
Avoid constant charging of batteries for long periods of
time. Overcharging can result in reduced battery efficiency,
service life, and possible permanent damage.
Do not store the instrument for long periods of time without recharging the
batteries. When the instrument is stored for long periods of time without use,
the batteries will loose their charge and also loose the ability to reach full
charge when put into service. To restore the battery charge, perform a full
charge for 8 hours. If the batteries are not fully charged after eight hours,
completely discharge the batteries then perform a full charge again. If
necessary, repeat this discharge and charge cycle up to three times. If the
batteries do not remain charged after three discharge-charge cycles, replace the
batteries.
CAUTION
If subjected to an ESD spike directly to the metal portion of
the case the unit may go into an interrogative state. A
power cycle of the unit may be required to return to normal
operation. See "Power On/Off" on page 7 .
29
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Operational Tests
Power-up
There are several operational tests run at power up. The test is displayed only if
any of the tests fail. The results are displayed to the right of the test as shown in
Figure 13 . If you would like the test screen displayed regardless of results, press
any key while pressing the ON key at initial power up. If any test fails, check the
troubleshooting section for possible correction. When displaying the tests as
described above, a stuck key will be indicated.
Firmware Rev
Revision date for the firmware installed.
NVram—
Rom—
Checks for valid contents
EEprom—
Ram—
A/D—
Tempr— Checks for proper circuit operation
PLL—
30
Maintenance
Battery Test
The battery test checks the output voltage of the batteries. The result is
displayed in a simulated analog meter type graphic with the value shown at the
top of the display. The scale is set from 6-8V.
If the voltage measured is less than 7V you should charge the batteries.
Note: The AT-500 will shut off if the battery is too low however,
full accuracy is maintained at any battery voltage.
Be sure the AC mains adapter is not connected.
1. Press the MENU key.
2. Press the TEST key.
3. Press the BATT TEST key.
4. Press the RETURN key to end the test.
31
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Display Test
The display test is used to be sure that each area of the display is functional.
When the test is started the display is filled with various characters. Each pixel
then changes state, either from black to white or white to black. If there is any
area that is not functional return the tester to Bird Electronic for repair.
32
Maintenance
Self Test
The self test is similar to the operational tests run at power up described on
page 30 of this section. The one difference is the keypad test.
33
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Battery Replacement
The batteries need to be replaced when fully charged batteries provide less
than 2 hours operation. Carefully follow the instructions below to replace the
batteries.
For models equipped with 700 mAh Nickel-Cadium batteries (p/n 5A2230):
Note: Unit may contain six 700 mAh Nickel-Cadium (NiCAD) bat-
teries. Replace these batteries with six Nickel-Metal Hydride NiMH)
(p/n 5B2230).
For models equipped with minimum 2000 mAh Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
batteries
(p/n 5B2230):
WARNING
Replace with ONLY Nickel-Metal hydride
(NiMH) rechargeable AA batteries with a
nominal voltage of 1.2V and minimum capacity
of 2000mAh. DO NOT install any type of
battery such as alkaline or other type of
secondary (rechargable) batteries.
WARNING
Charging batteries installed in reverse polarity can cause
the battery to swell or rupture.
34
Maintenance
Fuse Replacement
CAUTION
Replace with only the same type and rating fuse. 315mA
250V
35
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Troubleshooting
Power for the Antenna Tester can be provided in three ways—the internal
batteries, an AC mains adapter or an optional automobile cigarette lighter
adapter. Try to power the tester using each available means. The internal
batteries may need charged, or if recently replaced, are installed incorrectly.
The AC mains adapter may not be securely connected, may be damaged, or
there is no power supplied at the wall receptacle. The internal fuse may have
opened and requires replacement.
If the unit was recently opened, recheck P2, the battery connector, be sure it is
securely connected. Follow the instructions for battery and fuse replacement
when opening the unit.
Ensure the results are valid by repeating the self test or turning the unit off then
back on. If the problem persists return the unit for service.
If any characters other than 0 are displayed next to stuck keys during power up
test, perform the keypad test on page 33 of this section. Remember, if a key is
depressed during power up to display the power up test results it is normal for
other characters to be displayed. If the key remains stuck return the unit for
service.
36
Maintenance
Customer Service
37
AT-500 Antenna Tester
Parts List
38
Maintenance
Specifications
Menu Structure
40
Limited Warranty
All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise
specified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications,
drawings, blueprints and/or samples. Seller’s sole obligation under these
warranties shall be to issue credit, repair or replace any item or part thereof
which is proved to be other than as warranted; no allowance shall be made for
any labor charges of Buyer for replacement of parts, adjustment or repairs, or
any other work, unless such charges are authorized in advance by Seller.
If Seller’s products are claimed to be defective in material or workmanship or
not to conform to specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples, Seller
shall, upon prompt notice thereof, either examine the products where they are
located or issue shipping instructions for return to Seller (transportation-
charges prepaid by Buyer). In the event any of our products are proved to be
other than as warranted, transportation costs (cheapest way) to and from
Seller’s plant, will be borne by Seller and reimbursement or credit will be made
for amounts so expended by Buyer. Every such claim for breach of these
warranties shall be deemed to be waived by Buyer unless made in writing within
ten (10) days from the date of discovery of the defect.
The above warranties shall not extend to any products or parts thereof which
have been subjected to any misuse or neglect, damaged by accident, rendered
defective by reason of improper installation or by the performance of repairs or
alterations outside of our plant, and shall not apply to any goods or parts
thereof furnished by Buyer or acquired from others at Buyer’s request and/or to
Buyer’s specifications. Routine (regularly required) calibration is not covered
under this limited warranty. In addition, Seller’s warranties do not extend to the
failure of tubes, transistors, fuses and batteries, or to other equipment and
parts manufactured by others except to the extent of the original
manufacturer’s warranty to Seller.
The obligations under the foregoing warranties are limited to the precise terms
thereof. These warranties provide exclusive remedies, expressly in lieu of all other
remedies including claims for special or consequential damages. SELLER NEITHER
MAKES NOR ASSUMES ANY OTHER WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, WHETHER
EXPRESS, STATUTORY, OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, AND NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO ASSUME
FOR SELLER ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY NOT STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE FOREGOING.
41