International Journal of Innovative

ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Data Transmission
Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017

Using Li-Fi System

Achal B. Kolhe1, Prof. R. N. Mandavgane2
M. Tech (VLSI), BDCE, Sewagram, India

Associate Professor, Department EXTC, BDCE, Sewagram,

India

ABSTRACT: This paper introduced the concept of Li-Fi which is used for data transfer. Li-Fi is an LED based
alternative that uses visible light instead of radio frequency spectrum. Simply, Li-Fi is nothing but Wi-Fi using
light. In Li-Fi system we analyses its performance with respect to existing technology. With the help of light data
can transmit. This is latest technology in which LED can transmit data faster as compare to Wi-Fi technology.
Here we developed hardware of Li-Fi technology using microcontroller ATMEGA16 in which data can be
transmitted through light and received by using photodiode or photo detector.

KEYWORDS: Li-Fi, Wi-Fi, LED, ATMEGA16

I. INTRODUCTION

At the time of using internet whether it is own or stealing from other, one has probably gotten frustrated
because slow speed of the internet when more devices are connected to a same router.Due to increasing of
internet users exponentially, Radio Spectrum is congested but the demand for wireless data double each year.
Dr. Harald Haas has come up with a solution for those he calls “Data through illumination”, SimplyLi-Fi. Li-Fi is
nothing but Wi-Fi using light. Li-Fi is now part of the VLC as is implemented using white LED light bulbs. Data
transmission takes place from this LED bulb by varying the current at extremely high speeds which undetectable
by the human eye. Li-Fi is a data transfer technique that uses light for data transfer. Light is analogous not only
to illumination but also speed. Thus Li-Fi provides very high data rates. Also Li-Fi is very secure as light cannot
penetrate through the walls. Li-Fi uses visible light spectrum, thus it is known as visible light communication
(VLC). Visible light is unregulated unlike radio frequency spectrum. Hence it is cost effective. Here we developed
application module of Li-Fi technology which transmits data through LED bulbs and receive by using photodiode.

II. PROBLEM FORMULATION

Data can be transmitted through air and water. Lot of technologies used for this purpose.These
technologies are Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. These technologies use electromagnetic wave for data transfer.Wi-Fi
technology usedhigher frequency and bandwidth for under water communication. Electromagnetic wave causes
high absorption of the transmitted signals. This type of communication needs big antenna, thus it affects design
complexity and cost. To overcome this limitation we used Li-Fi technology for wireless and underwater
communication because light can travel easily in water. Li-Fi technology solves the problem of radio frequency
congestion. Visible light has very large spectrum and is safe for human. Thus it has very high data transfer rate.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

Wireless communication is amongst technologies biggest contribution to the mankind. It has many
advantages to the wired communication.These technologies are Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc. Bluetooth operates in the
2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial,Scientific and Medical) band and is based on a low-cost, shortrangeradio link, and that
facilitates ad-hoc connections forstationary and mobile communication environments. Thedisadvantage of this
technique is slow data rate transmissionand coverage area is very small.[2] To remedy on this problem, Wi-Fi
introduced. Wi-Fi is a Wireless technology that uses the radio frequency to transmit data. With the rise of
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), technology comes

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ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International
Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017
the rise of the hotspot -public access Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) that allow anyone with a
Wi-Fi capable notebook or PDA to connect to the Internet. Wi-Fi gives us speed up to 150mbps as per
IEEE 802.11n, it is still insufficient to accommodate number of users. To overcome these limitations of
Wi-Fi, we are introducing the concept of Li-Fi. In Wi-Fi technology, users depend upon source like router,
but Li-Fi is not. The Li-Fi uses light as source for data transfer while Wi-Fi uses radio frequency signal
which is unable to use underwater for data transmission because ofits low absorption characteristic for
underwater communication. Byusing electromagnetic wave, the communication can be established at
higherfrequency and bandwidth. The limitation is due to high absorption or attenuation that has significant
effect on thetransmitted signals. Big antenna also needed for this type of communication which affects
design complexity andcost. Due to absorption characteristics of water Wi-Fi is not used for underwater
communication.[9] We have already know that light can easily pass through the water, hence Li-Fi is
helpful for under water data transmission. In Wi-Fi technology data can be hacked easily because radio
waves can penetrates through the walls but in case of Li-Fi data is more secures as light cannot
penetrates through the walls.[4]
TABLE1:COMPARISON OF BLUETOOTH, WI-FI And LI-FI [1][4]
Parameter Bluetooth Wi-Fi Li-Fi
IEEE
IEEE Standard
802.15.7 Development Year
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IEEE
IEEE 802.15.1
802.11 1994 1990 2011
Range Typically
less than 10m to up to 100m
About 300m Based on
LED Light Intensity Operating Band
Radio
Radio
Visible Frequeny
Frequency
Light band Band
Band Frequency 2.4Ghz (GSM)
2.4-5Ghz 400-800
THz (Visible light) Network Topology
Point-to- Point
Data Transfer Rate
Piconet:
Point-to- Startopology
Multipoint
>1Gbps
Routing device
slow Downlink
speed:10.9Mbps Uplink Speed: 2.8Mbps - Access Point LEDs
Environmental Impact
Low Medium Low
Usage Location
- Within the
Anywhere, WLAN range
where LED and Infrastructure
light is easily available
ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International
Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017
Information carried over optical intensities Cost Low High Low Security - Less Secured Highly Secured
IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LI-FI
The working principle of Li-Fi was first proposed by Harald Haas from University of Edinburgh, UK, in his
TED global talk on VLC.Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs. High brightness LED’s
is the heart of this technology. The working principle of Li-Fi is very simple, it is based on the transmission
of digital data 0’s and 1’s. The logic is, if the LED is OFF, digital 0 is transmitted and if theLED is ON,
digital 1 is transmitted, The LED can switched on and off very quickly to transmit the data with the help of
light that can’t be detected by human eyes.Hence all that is required is some LEDs and a controller that
code data into those LEDs. This binary data is received by the receiver equipped with decoder that
decrypts the data and covert it back into original data. This method of using rapid pulses of light to
transmit data is called Visible Light Communication. The basic principle of VLC shown in fig.
Fig. 1: Basic Principle of VLC[7]
Generally white LED bulbs are used for implementing the concept of Li-Fi which is used for illumination by
applying a constant current. However, the light output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds by
fast variations of the current. To build up a message we are flashing the LEDs numerous times. In order
to obtain data rates in the range of hundreds of mega bytes per seconds we can use array of LEDs which
also helps us for parallel data transmission or we can also use combination of three basic colours LEDs
red, green, blue to alter the frequency of light.The VLC (Visible Light Communication) uses visible light
between 400 THz (780 nm) and 800 THz (375 nm) as the optical carrier for data transmission and for
illumination.Light is safe and can be used in places where radio frequency communication is often
seemed to be problematic, such as in aircraft cabins or hospitals. So visible light communication not only
has the potential to solve the problem of lack of spectrum space, but can also enable novel application.
The visible light spectrum not regulated, and can be used for communication at very high speeds.
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 used Carrier - Information carried over electric field

International Journal of Innovative

ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017

V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Block diagram

Fig 2: Block diagram of proposed system

The block diagram of proposed system is shown in fig. This system is divided into to two
parts-

Transmitter section

Transmitter section consists of microcontroller ATMEGA16 in which programming using AVR studio5 is
done. The keyboard is used for transmitting the message. The measure data are store in ATMEGA16. LCD
display is used to display the message which we are going to transmit. This data is been transfer using LED
panel by light waves. When LED is ON microchip convert digital data in form of light. The operational procedure
is simple. If the LED is on, we transmit a digital 1 and if it is off transmit a 0. The LED can be switched on and off
very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data.

Receiver section

Receiver section consists of photo detector, which detects the light. Then this light fed to the LED driver
circuit. Using this driver circuit we drive the received data to the ATMEGA16, which stores this data and display
on LCD Display in receiver section.

The proposed system mainly consists

of 1. Microcontroller ATMEGA16 2.
Comparator Kit 3. LED Driver circuit 4.
LCD display 5. LED Array 6.
Photodiode\Photodetector
Out of above parts working of first four parts has been done and discussed in this
paper.

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International Journal of Innovative

ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017

Fig. 3: Circuit diagram of transmitter

Fig. 4: Circuit diagram of Receiver

1. Microcontroller ATMEGA16

Microcontroller ATMEGA16 isan 8-bit microcontroller of Atmel’s Mega AVRfamily with low power
consumption. ATMEGA16 is based on RISC architecture with 131 powerful instructions. Most of the instructions
execute in one machine cycle. ATMEGA16 can work on a maximum frequency of 16MHz.ATMEGA16has 16 KB
programmable flash memory, static RAM of 1 KB and EEPROM of 512 Bytes. The endurance cycle of flash
memory is 10000 and EEPROM is 100,000. ATmega16 is a 40 pin microcontroller. There are 32 I/O lines which
are divided into four 8-bit ports named as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and PORTD.ATMEGA16 has various in-
built peripherals like USART, ADC, AnalogComparator, SPI, JTAG etc. Each I/O pin works on alternative task
related to in-built peripherals.

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International Journal of Innovative

ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017

Fig 5: Pin diagram of ATMEGA16

2. Photodetector

Photdiodes or photodetectors are sensors of light .A photo detector has a p–n junction that converts
light photons into current. The junction is covered by an illumination window, usually having an anti-reflective
coating. The absorbed photons make electron-hole pairs in the depletion region. Photodiodes and photo
transistors are a some examples of photo detectors. Solar cells convert some of the light energy absorbed into
electrical energy.

Fig.6: Photodetector Circuitry

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International Journal of Innovative

ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017

Fig. 7: Li-Fi Circuitry Module

VI. CONCLUSION
 Though number of wireless communication system, these are time consuming, slow data rate and
cost effective. Some of them have used router for communicating purpose.

Since we are using Li-Fi system for communicating purpose, since data transmitted through light.
The size of this system will be reduced as compared to previous systems. Also this system is cost effective. The
data transmission rate is greater than previous communication system.With the increase in the cellular networks,
this newest technology has proven to be a milestone incommunication systems. It uses the visiblespectrum of
light which is better than theRF. With theuse of LEDs the information can betransmitted at very high rates with
just thesimple turning on and off of the LEDs. Thistechnology is free to use as well as provides a safe and
secure access of data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Firstly I would like to thank to my respectedProf. R. N. Mandavgane for giving me such a wonderful
opportunity to expand my knowledge,for her huge support and encouragement. Secondly I would like to thank to
my parents, family and friends for their moral and financial support.

REFERENCES

[1] Achal B. Kolhe, Prof. R. N. Mandavgane,”A Review: Wireless Communication Using Li-Fi”IJRITCC | January 2017 (Special Issue), Available
@ http://www.ijritcc.org [2] Rajeev Shore, Brent A. Miller, ”The Bluetooth Technology: Merits and Limitations” 0-7803-5893-7/00/$10.00 0
2000 IEEE. [3] Daniel Camps-Mur,”Device-to-Device Communications with Wi-Fi direct: overview and experimentation” IEEE wireless
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june 201396 1536-1284/13/$25.00 © 2013 IEEE. [4] Prof. Amit K. Mishra, Mr. Lalit A. Pawar, Mr. Sandeep U. Gaikwad, Mr. Gaurav A.
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Lightwave Technology, Vol. 34, No. 6, March 15, 2016. [7] R.Karthika, S.Balakrishnan, “Wireless Communication using Li-Fi Technology” SSRG
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Jungnickel, Thomas Little, Sihua Shao, Michael Rahaim, Dominic Schulz, Jonas Hilt, Ronald Freund,” Coexistence of Wi-Fi and Li-Fi Toward 5G:
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• February 2016, 0163-6804/16/$25.00 © 2016 IEEE. [9] Prof.B.R. Thawali, Deshmukh Vishvajeet, Mhaske Nawanath, Shirgire Vitthal,”
Ship to Ship Communication using Li-Fi technology”
,International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science,Volume No.03, Issue No. 01, January 2015.

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International Journal of Innovative

ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 11, May 2017

[10] E. B. Adoptante, K. D. Cadag, and V. R. Lualhati,” Audio Multicast by Visible Light Communication for Location Information for the Visually
Impaired”, 8th IEEE International Conference Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology Communication and Control, Environment and
Management (HNICEM) The 978-1-5090-0360-0/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE. [11] Birender Singh Rawat, Brijesh Aggarwal, Dishant Passi,” LI-FI: A New
Era Of Wireless Communication Data Sharing”, INTERNATIONAL
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