Leak Detector and Auto Cut Off

ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology
(A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal)
Visit: www.ijirset.com
Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017
Efficacious L.P.G.Leakage Detector and Auto

Shut-Off System Using Arduino Uno AT
mega328
Abhishek Gupta
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Port Blair, A &
N Islands, India
ABSTRACT: LPG is a valuable and efficient fuel, mostly used in residential and commercial places for cooking. It is
imperative if proper care is taken while using it safely. LPG mostly filled in cylinders which are strong and can’t be
damaged easily. However, leaks can occur from gas cylinder, regulator and gas pipe tube connection when these are not
in a good condition and may cause an accident. Accident may lead to health issues like suffocation and possibly cause a
blast on the ignition of any flame or electric supply. The objective of this paper is to develop a system that can detect
the leakage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in the vicinity where it is put into service and takes necessary action to avoid
calamities. The proposed system is designed and implemented to meet the health and safety standards for the Cookery
and Bakery lab.of Hotel Management Department of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Port Blair, Andaman
& Nicobar Islands. The proposed system is tested and the results are verified by producing an early warning signal
under the less severe condition and activate a high pitched alarm during the leakage of LPG and automatically shut
down the gas pipeline during the leakage of gas to provide a safeguard to the users.
KEYWORDS: MQ-6 Gas Sensor, Arduino Uno, Proteus Software, Solenoid Gas Valve, Audible Alarm
I. INTRODUCTION
LPG is a smokeless fuel commonly used for cooking, water heating systems and other heating purposes in domestic,
commercial and agronomic applications. LPG stands for Liquefied petroleum gas consist of propane (C3H8) or butane
(C4H10) or mixes including both propane and butane. A study has shown that cooking in traditional way, using
firewood or cow dung, is equivalent to smoking 400 cigarettes a day. Mostly users of firewood and cow-dung has to
make a lots of effort and patience to cook the meal including blowing air in the firewood chulah and breathing the
smoke may cause ill effect to their health. This traditional cooking method has been overcome with the use of LPG
cooking as a fuel though reduces the harmful effect of using firewood and cow-dung and also “LPG prevents in- house
pollution”.On 1May, 2016, Government of Indialaunches a scheme to provide free connection to BPL families of rural
and urban areas. As per scroll report, data shows that year-on-year increase in the consumption of LPG rose from 9% to
9.8% from 2015-16 to 2016-17, while the increase in LPG customers in the same time period rose from 10.2% to
16.2%[1].
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19971

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

LPG consumption has not increased despite a very high growth in number of LPG
connections in FY 17
20
Consumption
15
10
5
0
2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016-
08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Consumption 10.7 1.5 7.7 9.1 7.1 1.6 4.4 10.5 9 9.8
Customer 7.2 4.9 8.9 9.1 9.3 9.8 10.5 9.4 10.9 16.2
Fig.1: Graph between LPG consumption v/s LPG connection in financial year-2017
With the increase of LPG connection and consumption, it is important to educate the users with the safety measure to
avoid any accident due to LPG as it is highly flammable, toxic and has a risk of fire or explosion. In addition to this, it
is a need for a system which can detect and also prevent from leakage of LPG.
From a survey during the period from "2010" to "2106" it can be found that 17% of fire accidents are due to LPG
leakage. There is a necessity of safety systems that provides safety assurance and takes safety measures in the absence
of users. Commonly it is ignored as an absolute need for safety but since there are risks from these, there should be a
safety system installed for worst case scenarios.
The main aim of this work is to detect LPG during leakage and takes safety measures in the absence of the users. The
objective of this work can be divided into two, first is to indicate the presence of LPG in the atmosphere which is of
dangerous level and to notify the personnel of gas leakage by a alarm and LED indication. Second is to take necessary
precaution by auto shut off the passage of gas through gas pipe line/ cylinder using solenoid gas valve to prevent any
accidents like suffocation or blasting of LPG cylinder from ignition.
In this work, an attempt has made to design and fabricate a safety device for detecting LPG and natural gas that avoid
any accident from the leakage. The proposed device examines the level of LPG and Natural gas as well as the other
gases which are composed of propane and butane concentrations in the air and activates the audible alarm and also auto
shut off the passage of LPG, when it exceeds the threshold value of 200ppm.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Oyedeko K.F.K. et.al. [2], proposed a model using MATLAB software programming to study the transient flow
analysis within the various pipeline. The mathematical equations are used for the measurement of pressure, flow and
temperature for both upstream and downstream ends in the system to detect the leakage. The simulation and testing of a
proposed model provides satisfactory results by blowing an alarm system with the SCADA network for online
monitoring of the pipeline. The efficiency of the model is greatly affected by the performance of the observer,
provision.
Zhao Yang et.al. [3], has developed a leakage detection model using three conservation law in hydromechanics and the
state equation for the study of transient simulation model and volume based model. Parameters such as pressure, flow
and temperature are used in the model for observation and are acquired through SCADA (Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition) system. Experiment were carried using the various factors which influencing the leakage position.

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

The test result from the experiment concludes that the leakage and outlet presence are more important parameters
compared to the coefficient of frictional resistance and pipeline diameter. The more leakage increases, the closer
leakage point approaches pipeline outlet. Leakage location is closer to outlet when pipe-line outlet pressure becomes
bigger.
Eungyeong Kim et.al. [4], developed a new neural genetic classification algorithm (NGCA) performs better than the
genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN)and implemented experimentally tofor accurately
recognizing the odor using pattern recognition in order to enhance the selectivity of gas sensor arrays. The proposed
system can enhance the reproducibility, reliability, and selectivity of odour sensor output, so it is expected to be
applicable to diverse environmental problems including air pollution, and monitor the air quality of clean-air required
buildings such as a kindergartens and hospitals.
V. Abishek et.al. [5], hasdeveloped a system for detection of gas leakage incorporated with the tripping mechanism of
main power supply to avoid any explosion due to it. The developed system used transmitter and receiver module
interfaced with the microcontroller programming. The developed system has implemented and tested to conclude that
the working of the system depends upon the concentration of gas present in the system. As the concentration level of
the gas reaches to the threshold, the main power line gets shut-off and the alarm sounds loudly.
Selvapriya C. et.al. [6],has developed a microcontroller based model for leakage of gas in a closed environment using
sensors. The developed hardware was interfaced with the microcontroller programming and tested. The test result
produces the audio and visual alarm to alert the human and also sends a short message service (SMS) to the user. The
sensor has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick requital time. The sensor has also sense Iso-butane, propane and
cigarette smoke.
AshishShrivastava et.al. [7], has designed and developed a system that can detect the gas leakage and stop it
automaticall in vulnerable premises. The system used a high sensitive sensor to sense the concentration of gas such
propane (C3H8) and Butane (C4H10). GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module is incorporated, which
send a warning SMS to the user. The developed system was tested and worked satisfactorily by taking a small amount
of LPG gas near to the sensor and observe that abuzzer sounds loudly and the message was displayed on the LCD
screen.
S.SivajothiKavitha et.al. [8], the proposed wireless home gas leakage system consists of three major modules: the gas
leakage and level detection and transmission module (GSM/GPRS MODEM), and the receiver module (GSM mobile).
The gas leakage detection and transmission module detects the change in concentration of LPG and natural gas and
activates an audio-visual alarm when it exceeds a certain threshold. Furthermore, it sends another alarm message to the
mobile. Continuous monitoring of the level of the LPG is done to detect the weight of the cylinder at the time of
dispatch and throughout the usage. Auto renewal system is alerted when the cylinder is going to be emptied and auto
booking is done with the gas station also giving the information to the consumer.
R. NareshNaik et.al. [9],proposed a system that makes entire LPG cylinder booking procedure automated without
human intervention. Proposed system continuously measures the weight of the cylinder and once it reaches the
threshold value it will automatically sends message to the authorised LPG agent so that they can deliver the LPG
cylinder in time. Along with the automated cylinder booking it was designed for the safety of user in which the control
system monitors the leakage of LPG gas and alerts the user to avoid accidents by using ARDUINO Mega.
Jitendra Sharma et.al. [10],proposed a system that senses the gas leakage through gas sensor and sends the signal
through microprocessor to the relay. After the gas leakage has exceeded the threshold value, the relay sends a signal to
trip the power to prevent accident.

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

VasudevYadav et.al.[11],proposed the use of LPG gas leakage detector which help in turning off the switch when there
will be an emergency in the users absence by using 8051 Microcontroller. GSM modules were used to send a SMS to
the emergency number provided to it to alert the user via audio and visual indications.
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY AND DISCUSSION
The proposed system comprises of LPG gas sensor, Arduino UNO, LCD display, Auto On-Off system and alarm
circuit.
Fig.2: Block diagram of a proposed system
Block diagram description:
Arduino UNO: The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the AT mega328 operates on external power
supply or via USB connection. The external power can be provided through an AC-DC adapter or through a battery.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6-20 Volts. If the supply is less than 5Volts, the board may be unstable.
If using more than 12Volts the voltage regulator may over heat and damage the board. Therefore, the recommended
range is 7-12 volts. It has 14 input/ output digital pins, out of which 6 provide PWM output. It also comprises of 6
analog pins (i.e. from A0-A5), 6 power pins, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
(In-Circuit Serial Programming), TX/RX LEDs, “TEST” LED 13 and reset button.
MQ-6 Gas Sensor: In this work, MQ-6 gas sensor is used which is a highly sensitive to LPG, iso-butane, LNG&
propane and low sensitive to alcohol and smoke. As the concentration of leaked gas increases, the conductivity of gas
sensor increasesand converts the one form of signal into another form of signal. MQ-6 sensor comprises of a heater that
needs a supply heat up and takes minimum time to detect the LPG. It has fast response, stable and long life and is
simple in operation.
Fig.3: Pictorial view of MQ-6 gas sensor Fig.4: MQ-6 gas sensor circuit connection

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

MQ-6 Sensor Module:Sensor Module is designed to detect the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in your home, car or
in a service station, storage tank environment by interfacing with Microcontroller without ADC Channels and
programming. In this LPG Gas sensor module two pots are included, one for trigger level setting and the other for
setting sensitivity of the sensor. It allows determining when a pre-set LPG gas level has been reached or exceeded. The
module uses MQ-6 sensor to sense LPG leak. The MQ-6 can detect gas concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000
ppm.
Fig.5:MQ-6 gas sensor module Fig.6: LPG gas sensor pinout diagram
Gas Safety Shut Off Valve: Solenoid valve is an emergency shut off valve, which cuts off supply of gas, in case of
any major hazard caused in Domestic system due to either leakage of supply line from Cylinder to Gas Stove or failure
of equipment such as low pressure regulator, Gas stove etc. thus avoiding any potential gruesome accident. The signal
to operate the valve is given by sensor or a manual switch.
Solenoid valve operation under normal condition
1) The valve can be operated by a manual switch to turn ON and OFF the valve.
2) The valve will remain without changing its state till there is a leakage.
Solenoid valve operation under leakage condition
Gas Safe will automatically shut-off the gas supply from the cylinder due to major leakages of gas caused due to:
1) The rupturing of a tube or pulling off the stove or regulator.
2) The regulator failed to function properly.
3) The tube catching fire.
Audio Indicator: Depending upon the application, the audio indicator output may be local, remote or a combination.
In this work, solenoid based siren alarm, which is a local alarm which do not include monitoring is used, though may
produce sound which may be useful for the people to evacuate during any hazardous condition.
LCD Display: In this work, LCD display is used to display the TRIP condition and the percentage value of gas
concentration. Here the trip threshold value is set at 30% when the concentration level of gas exceeds the threshold value,
the percentage value of a gas concentration display on the LCD display. Liquid crystal display (LCD) has material which
combines the properties of both liquid and crystals. They have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost
as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped together in an order form similar to a crystal.

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

Proposed System Operation:
a) Software Implementation: The proposed system is designed and simulated on Proteus software.
Fig.8: Simulation for initial condition (without leakage of gas) Fig.9: Simulation showing trip condition (with leakage of gas)
In fig.8, the OUT and GND pin of MQ-6 gas sensor is connected to pin A0 and GND of Arduino Uno, which is zero
means the sensor is not actuated (i.e. 0 for OFF state and 1 for ON state). As the zero signal is received to Arduino
Uno from gas sensor, both the speaker and gas value relay remain in non- operating condition. No LED will glow.
In fig.9, a 3V battery replica of a MQ-6 gas sensor is connected at pin A0 and GND of Arduino Uno, which means that
the high signal is fed to Arduino Uno, both the speaker and gas valve relay switches to operating condition. LCD
displays the message as “LPG SENSOR 57.47% TRIIP” and LED glows.
b) Hardware Implementation:
Fig.10: Prototype of proposed system during initial condition Fig.11: Imlementation of components for proposed system
( without leakage of gas)

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

Fig.12: Gas lighter is far from the MQ-6 gas sensor Fig.12: Gas lighter is near to the MQ-6 gas sensor
(for low level concentration of leaked gas) (for high level concentration of leakedgas)
Circuit Operation:
Output of the MQ-6 gas sensor is connected to the analog input pin A0 of the Arduino Uno. Digital pin 10 of the Arduino is used for
controlling the audio indicator and digital pin 13 used for controlling the solenoid gas valve relay. Here the TRIP threshold is set to
be 30%. User can set the threshold point in the Arduinoprogramming. When the threshold value is exceeded the Arduino will set
digital outputs HIGH and LOW according to the program.
When the concentration level of leaked gas in the air is below the threshold value, the output 13 and output 10 will be low. The
transistor Q1 and Q2 remain in cut-off condition. Therefore, the proposed system does not actuate and the display will indicate the
low level concentration of leaked gas present in atmosphere.
When the concentration level of leaked gas in the air is above the threshold value, the output 13 and output 10 will become high. The
transistor Q1 and Q2 operates in saturation region and therefore the solenoid gas valve relay actuates and discontinues the passage of
gas from cylinder or pipeline and audio indicator sounds loudly. The display will indicate the concentration level of leaked gas
present in atmosphere.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The testing of the proposed system was carried out using a lighter as a replicate of a LPG gas source. The lighter was held at a long
distance to imitate low level concentration and was gradually brought closer to the gas sensor to imitate high level gas concentration.
The proposed gas leakage detector showed an excellent performance and provides satisfactory results regarding the gas leakage for
the period of testing. The test was carried out several times and the result was the same in almost all of the cases. The sensor takes
some time around 1.5 to 2 minutes to get heated and ready to the sense the gases. The sensing time is almost immediate once the
sensor is ready to sense. Once the concentration of gas reduces below 30% of the threshold value then thesolenoid gas valve gets
deactivated andaudio alarmindicator goes off automatically.
The results are summarized below are as follows:
S.No. Test Condition LED Buzzer Solenoid Gas Valve

1 No gas leakage Off Off Off
2 Low Level gas leakage Glow Sound Activates
3 High Level gas leakage Glow Sound Activates

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

V. CONCLUSIONS
An Arduino Based Gas leakage detector system meets the safety requirements, which are presented in the paper. The
proposed system is designed, fabricated and installed at the Cookery and Bakery Lab. of Hotel Management
Department of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Port Blair The test results are obtained using butane based
lighter as a replicate of a LPG gas source. The test result verify the effective and efficient operation of the prototype by
detecting low and high gas leakage levels and auto shut-off the gas supply and alert the user by providing an audible
alarm warning signal. The proposed Arduino based gas leakage detector provides high and fast response than the
manual operation during the critical situations. The system can be installed for detecting the various leakage gases at
residential, hotel restaurants, other commercial commodities and industrial area to avoid imperiling of human lives.
REFERENCES
[1] The wire, “The Poor Got LPG Cylinders Under Modi’s Scheme But They Can’t Afford Gas Refills”, 2017.Web.28 July
2017.https://thewire.in/152066/modi-lpg-scheme/
[2] O. K.F.K. and B. H.A, “Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy,” J. Energy Technol. Policy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 16–27, 2011.
[3] Z. Yang, M. Liu, M. Shao, and Y. Ji, “Research on Leakage Detection and Analysis of Leakage Point in the Gas Pipeline System,” Open J.
Saf. Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 94–100, 2011.
[4] E. Kim et al., “Pattern Recognition for Selective Odor Detection with Gas Sensor Arrays,” Sensors, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 16262–16273,
2012.
[5] V. Abishek and M. Aierselvam, “Wireless Auto Power Trip during Gas Leakage,” Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering, vol. 3,
no. 3, pp. 327–332, 2013.
[6] S. P. S. Selvapriya C, A. M, and A. K. C, “LPG Leakage Monitoring and Multilevel Alerting System,” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Technol., vol.
2, no. 11, pp. 1–4, 2013.
[7] A. Shrivastava, R. Prabhaker, R. Kumar, and R. Verma, “Gsm Based Gas Leakage Detection System,” International Journal of Emerging
Trends in Electrical and Electronics, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 42–45, 2013..
[8] S. S. K. S. Senthilkumar, “A Wireless Gas Leakage & Level Detection with Auto Renewal System,” IJAREEIE, pp. 2095–2100, 2015.
[9] R. N. Naik, P. S. N. Reddy, S. N. Kishore, and K. T. Kumar Reddy, “Arduino Based LPG gas Monitoring & Automatic Cylinder
booking with Alert System,” IOSR J. Electron. Commun. Eng., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 06–12, 2016.
[10] J. Sharma, V. Vinayak, S. Kumar, S. Kumar, and R. Rakhyani, “Automatic Power Tripping on Gas Leakage Detection,” International
Journal for Scientific Research & Development , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 486–487, 2016.
[11] V. Yadav, “A Review on Microcontroller based LPG Gas Leakage Detector,” Journal of VLSI Design and Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 3,
pp. 1–10.,2016.
[12] Tanvira Ismail, “GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System with Preventive Measures,” Int. J. Elect. And Comm.Engg& Tech, pp. 122–
135, 2014

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ISSN(Online): 2319-8753

ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

Efficacious L.P.G.Leakage Detector and Auto

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19971

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19972

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19973

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY AND DISCUSSION

Fig.2: Block diagram of a proposed system

Block diagram description:

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19974

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19975

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

Proposed System Operation:

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19976

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The results are summarized below are as follows:

S.No. Test Condition LED Buzzer Solenoid Gas Valve

2 Low Level gas leakage Glow Sound Activates

3 High Level gas leakage Glow Sound Activates

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19977

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2017

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0610145 19978

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