Ciudad Neza, Mexico City, Mexico

Ciudad Neza, Mexico City, Mexico
Population: 1.2 million

Once a sprawling slum, Ciudad Neza, east of Mexico City, has become more like a suburb thanks to residents' efforts to
build a community and deliver public services.
Though still blighted by its reputation for crime and in need of more schools and local jobs, Neza's bottom-up
development could be a model for other slums.
Jose Castillo, an urban planner and architect in Mexico City, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation: "There's a strong
sense of pride in place. It's a community based on the notion that jointly these people transformed this territory."
INTRODUCTION
• It was named after Nezahualcoyotl, the Acolhua poet and king of

nearby Texcoco, which was built on the drained bed of Lake Texcoco.
The name Nezahualcóyotl comes from Nahuatl, meaning
"fasting coyote". Nezahualcóyotl's heraldry includes an Aztec
glyph as well as a coat of arms. The glyph depicts the head of a
coyote, tongue outside the mouth with a collar or necklace as a
symbol of royalty (one of the ways of depicting the Aztec king). The
current coat of arms, which includes the glyph, was authorized by the
municipality in the 1990s.
• Until the 20th century, the land on which Ciudad Neza sits was under
Lake Texcoco and uninhabited. Successful draining of the lake in the
early 20th century created new land, which the government
eventually sold into private hands. However, public services such as
adequate potable water, electricity and sewerage were lacking until
after the area was made an independent municipality in 1963. Today,
Ciudad Neza is a sprawling city of over one million, entirely with
modern buildings.
• As of 2006, Nezahualcóyotl includes part of the world's largest slum,
along with Chalco and Ixta. Most of its population is poor[5] and have
migrated from other parts of Mexico.[3] It also has a very high crime
rate,[6] in part due to cholos, gangs that formed in the 1990s based
upon gangs in the United States (especially Los Angeles).Since the
2000s, a significant number of natives of this city have immigrated to
the United States, mostly settling in New York. This has led to a new
Mexican subculture in the area.[5]
HISTORY
• Nezahualcoyotl, for whom the city and municipality were named, was the lord of Texcoco,
one of the allies of the Aztec Triple Alliance. Texcoco dominated the area in which the
modern municipality stands; however the land on which Ciudad Neza stands was under
Lake Texcoco until the 20th century. Drainage of the interconnected lakes of the Valley of
Mexico began in the early colonial period.
• The first major drainage project was begun in 1590, with the aim of eliminating the chronic
flooding that plagued Mexico City. By the time of the Mexican War of Independence, flooding
was still a problem in the Mexico City area, and at that time a project was begun to drain
Lake Texcoco directly.
• The Lake Texcoco area was declared federal property in 1912, after which efforts to
completely drain the lake commenced which continued until the 1930s. Starting in 1917
under Venustiano Carranza, efforts to determine legal ownership of lands that began to
appear due to the drainage of the lake were undertaken.
• Most of this land was declared federal property to be sold. In 1933, the Mexico City–
Puebla highway was built through this area. The first settlements in what is now the
municipality were extensions of the municipalities of Chimalhuacán, La Paz and Ecatepec.
TRANSPORTATION
Mexico City Metro

•Line B Buenavista-Ciudad
Azteca: Nezahualcóyotl, Impulsora, Río de los Remedios
Mexibus
•Line 3 Chimalhuacán-Pantitlán: Las Torres, Bordo de
Xochiaca, Rancho Grande, Las Mañanitas, Rayito del Sol,
General Vicente Villada, El Castillito, Sor Juana Ines de la
Cruz, Palacio Municipal, Adolfo López Mateos, Lago de
Chapala, Nezahualcóyotl, Virgencitas, Vicente Riva
Palacio, Maravillas, El Barquito
LOCATION OF MUNCIPALITY
DEMOGRAPHY
Over the last several decades, the migrant population in Mexico's interior has grown. It's estimated
that 32% of Juárez's population originate from outside of Chihuahua. Most come from other states
such as Durango (10%), Coahuila (6%), Veracruz (4%), and Zacatecas (3.5%). Most new residents in
Juárez are Mexican but there are many who have immigrated from Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua,
and Honduras.
Over the last decade, many people who have been able to leave have fled Juárez due to widespread
violence in the wake of the Mexican Drug War. In 2009, the city planning department estimated there
were more than 115,000 abandoned homes in the city.
Today, Juárez is one of the world's most dangerous cities and plagued with a high murder rate,
extreme poverty, joblessness, gang violence, and political unrest.
POPULATION GROWTH
From the 1960s to the 1990s, Juárez saw high levels of population growth as a result of the newly established
maquiladoras. This massive growth strained the infrastructure and resources of the city to a significant
degree. Due to growing violence, the population of Juárez has taken a hit as hundreds of thousands of people
have fled in the last decade alone.
CULTURE
The people of ciudad is mostly of gangsters and rivals.Their family traditions are like that and it is continued through
The generations.so the most of the cases and high gangster area in Mexico city is that.
CHANGE
Once a sprawling slum, Ciudad Neza, east of Mexico City, serves as a model for other
blighted urban areas. The settlement, laid by developers as a grid of streets and sold off
boxy parcels, most without improper tiles, grew in a burst of urban migration in the mid-
20th century. The new arrivals set up shacks of wood and cardboard, sans electricity,
sewerage system, running water, schools, or paved roads.
In the early 1970s, residents decided to collude and demand services, ownership, and land titles, from the
government. The inhabitants have thereby built a community of contrasts, where the comfortable and destitute
coexist. Tin homes sit alongside hovels covered with tattered rags, and horse-drawn wagons carrying garbage
beside shiny cars. The bottom-up approach of development has helped Neza become more like a suburb and less
like an informal settlement. The strong sense of community, with appropriate urban planning, has helped
transform the territory. Neza is far from ideal, yet the brick-and-mortar houses, scattered among improvised
shanties, and suburban neighborhoods, hold a lesson in growth and resilience, for the world.
DHARAVI
INTRODUCTION
•Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be
one of Asia's largest slums.
•Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square kilometers.
•Area: 210 ha
•Area code: 022
•Population:
•A population of about 1,000,000.
•With a population density of over 277,136/km2 (717,780/sq mi),
Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
DECRIPTION
The Dharavi slum was founded in 1884 during the British colonial era, and grew because the
expulsion of factories and residents from the peninsular city centre by the colonial government
and from the migration of rural Indians into urban Mumbai. For this reason, Dharavi is currently
a highly diverse settlement religiously and ethnically.
Dharavi has an active informal economy in which numerous household enterprises employ
many of the slum residents.leather, textiles and pottery products are among the goods made
inside Dharavi. The total annual turnover has been estimated at over US$1 billion.
Dharavi has suffered from many epidemics and other disasters, including a widespread plague in
1896 which killed over half of the population of Mumbai.Sanitation in the slums remains poor.
RELIGIONS AND OCCUPATION-
About 30% of the population of Dharavi is Muslim, compared to 14%
average population of Muslims in India. The Christian population is
estimated to be about 6%, while the rest are predominantly Hindus (63%),
with some Buddhists and other minority religions. Among the Hindus,
about 20% work on animal skin production, tanneries and leather goods.
Other Hindus specialize in pottery work, textile goods manufacturing, retail
and trade, distilleries and other caste professions – all of these as small-
scale household operations. The slum residents are from all over India,
people who migrated from rural regions of many different states. The slum
has numerous mosques, temples and churches to serve people of Islam,
Hindu and Christian faiths; with Badi Masjid, a mosque, as the oldest
religious structure in Dharavi
DHARAVIS SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

Dharavi is close to the Bandra Kurla Complex, which is one of the richest
business hubs in Asia. Its proximity to Mumbai's two main suburban rail
lines, makes it convenient for people to go to work. Dharavi has a large
number of thriving small-scale industries that produce embroidered
garments, export quality leather goods, pottery and plastic. It is a highly
multi-religious, multi-ethnic, and diverse settlement. Dharavi is said to be
one the most literate slums in India with a literacy rate of 69%.
Residents work as potters, leather tanners, weavers, and soap
makers, amid the slum’s open drains. More than 50% of Mumbai’s
segregated waste is processed in this slum development, indicating
the vital role of waste recycling and processing units of Dharavi in the
city’s waste management landscape. Not only the management of
the waste, but the residents are generating money and employment
as well. Dharavi is home to some 30,000 rag pickers- scavengers who
find and sort recyclable scarps from the city’s garbage dumps. To
assist the thriving local businesses, the houses are constructed with
workspaces on the ground floor. It is a slum with immense
opportunities and teachings for the informal settlements across the
world.
DRINKING WATER FACILITY
Potable water is supplied by the MCGM to Dharavi and the whole of

Mumbai. However, a large amount of water is lost due to water thefts,
illegal connection and leakage.The community also has a number of water
wells that are sources of non-potable water.
UTILITY SERVICE
Cooking gas is supplied in the form of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders sold
by state-owned oil companies, as well as through piped natural gas supplied
by Mahanagar Gas Limited.
There are settlement houses that still do not have legal connections to the
utility service and thus rely on illegal connection to the water and power
supply which means a water and power shortage for the residents in
Dharavi.
ECONOMY
In addition to the traditional pottery and textile industries in
Dharavi, there is an increasingly large recycling industry, processing
recyclable waste from other parts of Mumbai. Recycling in Dharavi is
reported to employ approximately 250,000 people. While recycling is
a major industry in the neighborhood, it is also reported to be a
source of heavy pollution in the area. The district has an estimated
5,000 businesses and 15,000 single-room factories.Two major
suburban railways feed into Dharavi, making it an important
commuting station for people in the area going to and from work.
Dharavi exports goods around the world. Often these consist of
various leather products, jewellery, various accessories, and textiles.
Markets for Dharavi's goods include stores in the United States,
Europe, and the Middle East. The total (and largely informal
economy) turnover is estimated to be between US$500
million, and US$650 million per year, to over US$1 billion per year.The
per capita income of the residents, depending on estimated
population range of 300,000 to about 1 million, ranges between
US$500 and US$2,000 per year.
A few travel operators offer guided tours through Dharavi, showing
the industrial and the residential part of Dharavi and explaining about
the problems and challenges Dharavi is facing. These tours give a
deeper insight into a slum in general and Dharavi in particular.

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Ciudad Neza, Mexico City, Mexico

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Ciudad Neza, Mexico City, Mexico

Population: 1.2 million

• It was named after Nezahualcoyotl, the Acolhua poet and king of

Mexico City Metro

DHARAVIS SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

Potable water is supplied by the MCGM to Dharavi and the whole of

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