SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: PROGRAMMING .NET TECHNOLOGY Grade: 12 Level: SHS Quarter: 3 Week : 2

MELC: Use basic functions of a Web browser to locate Competency Code: TLE_ICTP.NET 11-12-PCOIId-27
information

Name: Section: Industry Date:

School: ALCOY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL District: ALCOY

A. Readings:/Discussions
BASIC WEB SKILLS/USING A WEB BROWSER
The Web, also known as the World Wide Web (WWW), is essentially a collection of an uncountable number
of pages of information displayed on the Internet. It is an information-sharing tool that is growing at an unbelievable
rate. According to a Google study, there are over a trillion unique web pages and over 4.5 million new websites are
registered each month! You can view this information with the help of a “web browser”—a window that allows you
to view online content (e.g., Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome). Because there is so much
information on the Internet, and so many individual sites and pages, it would be nearly impossible to find what you
were looking for by just “browsing” or flipping through sites, not only because of the sheer size of the collection, but
also because you wouldn’t know what address to go to! To deal with this, we use a web browser to access a search
engine which allows us to search for a particular topic, word, or phrase.
The Internet is a communications network that connects computers from all around the world. To reach
different websites, we use search engines like Google or Bing to search for websites about a particular topic, word,
or phrase. Just like you might use the library catalog to find a book or the phone book to find a business, search
engines organize information and make it accessible for Internet users. If you can think of a topic, there is probably a
website about it!
Locate and Open a Web Browser
A web browser is a program that lets you see information and images on web sites. A browser reads the
information on a web page and displays it on your computer screen. The three most popular web browsers are called
“Microsoft Internet Explorer”, “Mozilla Firefox”, and “Google Chrome”. You should be able to use at least one of
these browsers at your local public library.
To open one of these browsers
Point to the browser’s icon on the desktop (see
images below) with your mouse and double-click on it
with the left mouse button (alternatively, left-click
once, and then press the “Enter” key). A window like
the one pictured below should come up on the screen.
Using the Browser’s Menu Options
Typical Menu Bars are not usually included in updated browsers. They now have
menu options that can be accessed via icons on the right side of your screen, just
below the X.
Google Chrome Menu Options

Firefox Chrome Menu

Options

The picture on the left is of the Google Chrome menu icons. To access menu options, click on the icon with
three horizontal lines. The picture on the right is of the Firefox menu icons. To access its menu options, click on the
three horizontal lines icon, i.e., “Open Menu.” To select one, point with your mouse and left-click once.
Each menu item contains many options. Here’s a brief overview of the things you can do with each menu
item:
Print: Use this option to print your current web page.
File: Here you can change your browser to and from Full Screen, Save; finds a word or phrase in a web page, and
view suggested sites.
Zoom: Zoom in or out to more easily view pages in your web browser.
View: You can change the display of your browser here, including text size.
Safety: Here you can manage your browsing history and activate filters for browsing.
Favorites or Bookmarks: This is a place to store and access your favorite and most used websites. Access these
options by clicking on the star icon.
Options: These are more advanced settings for your web browser; most likely you will never need to use these
options.
Help (or ? icon): If you need more help with the browser, try this menu item.
Using the Brower’s Navigation Bar
The Navigation Bar is located directly above or below the Menu Bar and contains buttons that provide shortcuts to
frequently used navigation and menu options, such as forward, back, stop, refresh, and home.

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Firefox Navigation Bar:

Google Chrome Navigation Bar:

The following is a description of the most frequently used Navigation bar buttons:

The Back button takes you back to the previous web page that you viewed.

The Forward button takes you forward to the web page that you viewed before you clicked
“Back.”
The Refresh button will reload the web page that you are currently viewing. Web pages (especially
news sites) will change throughout the day, so it is important to refresh them periodically to see the
most recent changes.
The Stop button will stop a web page from loading. If a page is taking a particularly long time to load, you
can try clicking Stop, then Refresh. Sometimes the Stop button will only show up if a page is loading and
will replace the Refresh button in the navigation bar.

The Home button will take you to the webpage that opened when
you first opened your browser window. If you are at a library, this is
most likely the library’s home page. It is possible to change your web browser’s
settings to open a different Home site. In Google Chrome, you will need to sign into
your Google account (you have one if you have a Gmail address) in order to view your
bookmarks and Home page. You can do this on any computer, just make sure you sign
out of your Google account before you leave!
The address bar is a long, white box where you will type the address of the site you
wish to go to. We will learn more about web addresses and the address bar in a little
bit.
Using Tabs
Tabs work just like tabbed dividers in a filing cabinet or a binder—they allow you to organize different pages while
keeping them all accessible. You can open a new tab by going to FileNew Tab, OR by clicking the small button with
the plus sign (+) to the right of the last tab, OR by holding down the control (CTRL) key and typing the letter ‘T.’

The benefit of using tabs, instead of new windows, is that you can view multiple tabs within one window, and can
switch between tabs very quickly by simply clicking on the tabs. In the example above, if I wanted to view the Google
page, I would simply click the tab that says “Google.” To switch back to the UNC page, I would click the tab that says
“UNC.” It is possible to have multiple windows open, and for each window to have more than one tab open.
Using the Browser’s Help Feature
As with many other programs, web browsers have Help features that
you can use if you ever need a hand. The help feature can be found in
the browser’s menu options. To easily access Help options in Google
Chrome, click the F1 key on your keyboard, or select the Help option
in the horizontal lines
menu.
1. Left Click once on the icon that is three horizontal lines at the top
right of your screen.
2. Slide the mouse down to the Question Mark (?) icon at the bottom
of those menu options.
4. The icon will turn blue (meaning it is highlighted and ready to be
selected).
5. Click once with the left mouse button to open specific help options.
*It is important to note that all web browsers are not the same. Like
different televisions that all display the same channels, all web
browsers take you to the same Internet, but can be designed differently. The “Help” feature on many web browsers
may not be found the way it is shown here, but there is very often a “Help” menu option, or a “Help” button at the
top of the browser window. Feel free to explore the help features. You can even search for a particular item if it does
not appear to be in the index. In fact, you can also search the Internet for help on a variety of topics using a search
engine.

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 Changing Text Size
If you are not comfortable with the text size on a web page, you can zoom in or out according to your preferences.
(Most browsers are defaulted to a 100% zoom – zooming in (+) makes things larger, and zooming out (-) makes them
smaller).
In Google Chrome:
1. Left-Click once on the horizontal lines icon to open the menu
options.
2. Move your mouse down to the “Zoom” option.
3. You can click on the + or – icons that surround the number in
order to zoom in or out.
In Firefox:
1. Left-Click once on the three horizontal lines icon to open the
menu options.
2. You will see at the top of the options that there is a 100%
surrounded by a minus icon on the left and a plus icon on the right.
3. Left-click once on either the minus or the plus to zoom out or in
– you can click more than once on either icon to continue to zoom out Firefox Google Chrome
or in.
The appearance on the web page that you are currently looking at should change according to what you have
chosen. This tool can be very useful, considering that web pages come in all shapes and sizes—it essentially
magnifies or “zooms in” on the text so that it becomes easier to read!
WEBSITE ADDRESSES/URLS
Go to a Specific Web Address
Going to a Specific Web Address
Every day, you are probably bombarded with web addresses. Web addresses are also called URLs, which
stands for Universal Resource Locator. On the radio, on television commercials, in the newspaper and magazines:
“Visit us online at www.businessname.com!” Almost every business and organization has a website now. You can
recognize websites because they will almost all start with “www” or “http” and end with “.com” “.org” “.edu” or
“.gov” (these endings are called “extensions”). Recently, new specialized extensions were made available such as
“.bike” and “.technology” and “.photography”.
Here is an example of a typical web address: www.google.com.
You would type this into your address bar to access Google’s website.
Let’s take a look at the anatomy of a web address:

Now that you know what a web site address looks like, you can go to a specific site by typing it in the browser's
address bar, which is located just below the toolbar. Other popular websites include www.amazon.com,
www.wikipedia.org, and www.youtube.com.
Here’s another look at the address bar:

To go to a specific website, you’ll need to:

1. Left-click once inside the white part of the address bar. This will highlight the
address already in the bar. You can also click and drag your mouse from left to
right to highlight the text.
2. Press Delete or Backspace to empty the address bar.
3. Type the new address into the address bar (e.g. www.wikipedia.org).
4. Press Enter on the keyboard.
Voilà! The website should then appear on your screen:
Following Links on a Web Page
A link (also called a hyperlink) is an underlined word or phrase or an
image on a web page that links to either another place on the same page, or to an entirely different web page.
You can tell that you are on a link when you slide the mouse over text or an image and your mouse
pointer becomes a hand with a pointing finger.

Go ahead and type a topic into the search box on the Wikipedia site (for example, search for “North Carolina”), and
then press Enter on your keyboard.
Run your mouse over the Wikipedia page that comes up. You'll notice that as you hover your mouse over any of the
blue words, the words become underlined, your mouse arrow changes to a pointing hand, and (if you allow it to
hover for a few seconds) a small description will appear below the link. This should also happen if you hover over any
of the images on the page.

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Let's follow a link! Try clicking one of the blue words that appears on the Wikipedia page that you are looking at.
Here is how to do it:
1. Slide the mouse down to a word that is blue, or an image that causes your mouse pointer to turn into a hand.
2. When the pointer turns into a hand, click once with the left mouse button. You should now see a new page with
text and other links. You can go back to the previous page by clicking on the “Back” button on the browser’s toolbar.
Practice going to different links! Remember that you can use the “Back” button to go back to the previous page or
use the “Forward” button to return to the page you were looking at before you clicked “Back.”
USING SEARCH ENGINES
Finding Information with a Search Engine
To find information on the web, you will need to use a search
engine. A search engine goes out and finds information for
you on the World Wide Web. There are many search engines
out available to use. Google is currently the most popular
search engine, but there are many others, such as
Yahoo.com, Bing.com, and Ask.com. Today, we’ll practice
using Google. Type the web address www.google.com into
the address bar at the top of your screen. Then hit Enter
on your keyboard.
This should bring up the Google homepage on your screen. A
blinking cursor will appear in the text box to let you know you can
start typing something. Type a word or a phrase that describes the
information that you are looking for (the fewer words, the better—no
need to use complete sentences!). For example, type the word
“beach” into your search box to see what Google finds.
Refining Your Search
Try the following steps to narrow down your search:
If you get too many "hits" (listed websites), try adding extra words
that describe what you want—if that gives more instead of fewer
results, put “and” between each word. For example, “beach and
vacation” will find only pages where both of those words are included.
Put phrases in quotation marks, e.g. “North Carolina governors,” “Al
Pacino,” or “Orange County Main Library.” This will find only those
pages that contain these exact phrases.
Understanding Error Messages
Sometimes you will type a website address but an error page comes up instead of the website. This happens from
time to time. The most common cause for this is that you have typed the web address incorrectly. You can also
sometimes get an error message when you click on a link on a web page. This often means that either the link is
“broken,” or the page no longer exists. An error page can mean a variety of things, including any of the following:
 The website is temporarily down
 The website does not exist anymore
 The link you clicked is broken (it was created incorrectly)
 Your browser can’t open the site because of some restrictions
 Too many people are trying to access the site at once
There may be nothing you can do to rectify the situation. In this case, you
might just have to move on and go to another website or choose another
link. In this day and age, major websites usually never stay down for a long
period of time. It is the equivalent of a major television network going
down—many, many people are working very hard to bring it back up as soon
as possible!
NAVIGATING THE WEB
Identifying Advertisements
It is common to find advertisements on websites. Many of these advertisements are just trying to sell you things, but
some of them are traps. They get you to enter your personal information and tell you that this is for a chance to win
money or prizes, but most of the time it’s just to get your email address so they can send you junk mail. In extreme
cases, malicious websites may try to steal personal information such as your social security number or your credit
card number to steal money from you or even your identity.
Some other advertisements will pop up and tell you that you need to “Click Here” because you have a virus and you
need to clean up your computer or something similar. Again, these are just ways that a company tries to access your
personal information or sell you something.
REMEMBER: You can always ignore advertisements, just like you can change the television channel at home. You are
not forced to do anything on the Internet!
Personal Safety
For your own safety, NEVER give out your personal information over the web to unsolicited advertisements or
unknown websites. These are most likely not secure. If you are applying for or buying something from a legitimate
organization or company, it will be done on a secure site.
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 A secure site will display a little padlock somewhere in the browser:

In addition, the web address should begin with https://. The extra ‘s’ in the web address means that the site is
secure. It is a good idea only to make purchases from well-known, well-regarded sites, like www.amazon.com or
www.target.com. You should also try to read companies’ privacy policies before making a purchase.
B. Exercise 1:
Directions: Answer the following question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper?
1. What are the different menu items and functions of a Web Browser?
Example:
 Print - Use this option to print your current web page.

 ______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2:
Directions: Enumerate the steps on how to go to a specific Website. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________ .
2. ______________________________________________________________________________ .
3. ______________________________________________________________________________ .
4. ______________________________________________________________________________ .

C. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

Directions: Identify the common navigation bar buttons used in a Web Browser. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. a. Back b. Refresh c. Home d. Forward

2. a. Refresh b. Stop c. Forward d. Back

3. a. Stop b. Home c. Refresh d. New Tab

4. a. Home b. Forward c. Stop d. Refresh

5. a. New Tab b. Back c. Home d. Stop

6. a. Forward b. New Tab c. Back d. Home

D. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

Directions: Enumerate the causes of an error page during a webpage search. Use a separate sheet of paper
for this activity.
References:
https://www.mhconsults.com/blog/what-are-the-five-generations-of-computer-technology/
https://www.crucial.com/articles/pc-builders/what-is-computer-hardware
GUIDE
For the Teacher: Please advise the students to read the discussion carefully to ensure total assimilation of the topic.
In doing so, they will be able to answer the given exercises smoothly.

For the Learner: Read the self-learning home task carefully from the first part to the last part. This will help you get a
clearer understanding of the subject matter.

For the Parent/Home Tutor: Please guide your child as he/she go through with the whole self-learning home task.
Make sure that he/she handles her time properly in order to prevent any deviations of the whole learning process.

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