Asam Basa
Asam Basa
Asam Basa
• OLEH :
Bases
Have a bitter taste.
Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.
7
Taste sour
Corrode metals
Electrolytes
pH is less than 7
Anion
Ending Acid Name
No Oxygen→ -ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid
ACIDS
start with 'H'
2 elements 3 elements
Name ‘Em!
• HI (aq)
• HCl (aq)
• H2SO3
• HNO3
• HIO4
12
Are electrolytes
pH greater than 7
Acid/Base definitions
Acid/Base Definitions
conjugate conjugate
base acid
acid base
18
ACID-BASE THEORIES
Conjugate Pairs
HONORS ONLY! 20
Learning Check!
Definition #3 – Lewis
Lewis acid - a
substance that
accepts an electron
pair
Lewis base - a
substance that
donates an electron
pair
22
Lewis Acids & Bases
Formation of hydronium ion is also an
excellent example.
•• ••
O—H ••
+ H O—H
H
H
H
ACID BASE
•Electron pair of the new O-H bond
originates on the Lewis base.
23
Under 7 = acid
7 = neutral
Over 7 = base
26
pH of Common
Substances
Calculating the pH
27
pH = - log [H+]
(Remember that the [ ] mean Molarity)
Try These!
Find the pH of
these:
1) A 0.15 M solution
of Hydrochloric
acid
2) A 3.00 X 10-7 M
solution of Nitric
acid
29
pH calculations – Solving for H+
If the pH of Coke is 3.12, [H+] = ???
Because pH = - log [H+] then
- pH = log [H+]
Take antilog (10x) of both
sides and get
10-pH = [H+]
[H+] = 10-3.12 = 7.6 x 10-4 M
*** to find antilog on your calculator, look for “Shift” or “2nd
function” and then the log button
pH calculations – Solving for H+
30
H3O+
OR Kw = [H3O+] [OH-]
[H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-11 M
pH = - log (1.0 x 10-11) = 11.00
36
The pH of rainwater collected in a certain region of the
northeastern United States on a particular day was
4.82. What is the H+ ion concentration of the
rainwater?
[H+] pOH
pH
Calculating [H3O+], pH, [OH-], and pOH 38
Weak Bases
HONORS ONLY! 45
Equilibria Involving
Weak Acids and Bases
Consider acetic acid, HC2H3O2 (HOAc)
HC2H3O2 + H2O → H3O+ + C2H3O2 -
Acid Conj. base
[H3O+ ][OAc- ] -5
Ka = = 1.8 x 10
[HOAc]
Acids Conjugate
Bases
Increase
strength
Increase
strength
HONORS ONLY! 47
Equilibrium Constants
for Weak Acids
Equilibrium Constants
for Weak Bases
Relation
of Ka, Kb,
[H3O+]
and pH
HONORS ONLY! 50
Equilibria Involving A Weak Acid
You have 1.00 M HOAc. Calc. the
equilibrium concs. of HOAc, H3O+, OAc-,
and the pH.
Step 1. Define equilibrium concs. in ICE
table.
[HOAc] [H3O+] [OAc-]
initial 1.00 0 0
change -x +x +x
equilib 1.00-x x x
HONORS ONLY! 51
Equilibria Involving A Weak Acid
You have 1.00 M HOAc. Calc. the equilibrium concs.
of HOAc, H3O+, OAc-, and the pH.
Assume x is small, so
x = [OH-] = [NH4+] = 4.2 x 10-4 M
and [NH3] = 0.010 - 4.2 x 10-4 ≈ 0.010 M
The approximation is valid !
HONORS ONLY! 58
Equilibria Involving A Weak Base
You have 0.010 M NH3. Calc. the pH.
NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH-
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
Step 3. Calculate pH
[OH-] = 4.2 x 10-4 M
so pOH = - log [OH-] = 3.37
Because pH + pOH = 14,
pH = 10.63
HONORS ONLY! 59
Types of Acid/Base Reactions:
Summary
pH testing
60
pH meter
• Tests the voltage of the
electrolyte
• Converts the voltage to
pH
• Very cheap, accurate
• Must be calibrated with
a buffer solution
pH indicators
64
ACID-BASE REACTIONS
Titrations
H2C2O4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) --->
acid base
Na2C2O4(aq) + 2 H2O(liq)
Carry out this reaction using a TITRATION.
Oxalic acid,
H2C2O4
Setup for titrating an acid with a base 66
67
Titration
1. Add solution from the buret.
2. Reagent (base) reacts with
compound (acid) in solution
in the flask.
3. Indicator shows when exact
stoichiometric reaction has
occurred. (Acid = Base)
This is called
NEUTRALIZATION.
68
LAB PROBLEM #1: Standardize a
solution of NaOH — i.e., accurately
determine its concentration.
35.62 mL of NaOH is
neutralized with 25.2 mL of
0.0998 M HCl by titration to
an equivalence point. What
is the concentration of the
NaOH?
69
M•V =
(3.0 mol/L)(0.050 L) = 0.15 mol NaOH
Amount of NaOH in final solution must also =
0.15 mol NaOH
Volume of final solution =
(0.15 mol NaOH) / (0.50 M) = 0.30 L
or 300 mL
73
PROBLEM: You have 50.0 mL of 3.0 M
NaOH and you want 0.50 M NaOH. What do
you do?
Conclusion:
add 250 mL
of water to
50.0 mL of
3.0 M NaOH
to make 300
mL of 0.50 M
NaOH.
74
Preparing Solutions by
Dilution
A shortcut
M1 • V1 = M2 • V2
You try this dilution problem
75