Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 33 views

    Technological Institute of The Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021 Math & Physics Department Online Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Chelsiemea Vargas
    The document discusses exact differential equations, which are differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 where the partial derivatives of M and N with respect to x and y are equal. It provides the method of solution, which involves finding an integral F(x,y) such that the partial derivatives of F with respect to x and y equal M and N, respectively. Several sample problems are worked through to demonstrate this process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Technological Institute of The Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021 Math & Physics Department Online Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Chelsiemea Vargas
    33 views5 pages
    The document discusses exact differential equations, which are differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 where the partial derivatives of M and N with respect to x and y are equal. It provides the method of solution, which involves finding an integral F(x,y) such that the partial derivatives of F with respect to x and y equal M and N, respectively. Several sample problems are worked through to demonstrate this process.

    Original Title

    (6)Exact DE

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses exact differential equations, which are differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 where the partial derivatives of M and N with respect to x and y are equal. It provides the method of solution, which involves finding an integral F(x,y) such that the partial derivatives of F with respect to x and y equal M and N, respectively. Several sample problems are worked through to demonstrate this process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views5 pages

    Technological Institute of The Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021 Math & Physics Department Online Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Chelsiemea Vargas
    The document discusses exact differential equations, which are differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 where the partial derivatives of M and N with respect to x and y are equal. It provides the method of solution, which involves finding an integral F(x,y) such that the partial derivatives of F with respect to x and y equal M and N, respectively. Several sample problems are worked through to demonstrate this process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021

    Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

    TOPIC # 6

    Exact Differential Equation

    Introduction:
    This topic treats on the solution of another special equation: the exact differential equation.
    Certain principles on the partial differentiation is needed in the discussion of the third
    method of solving differential equation. “Partial Integration”, a tool used in multiple
    integrals, is also necessary in the solution of this special equation.

    Intended Learning Outcomes:


    At the end of the session the students should be able to:

    1. Identify exact differential equation.


    2. Solve exact differential equation.

    Definition. Exact Differential Equation


    The differential equation
    M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0
    is said to be exact if
    ∂M ∂N
    =
    ∂y ∂x
    ∂M ∂N
    provided that M, N, , are continuous functions of x and y.
    ∂y ∂x

    Note:
    Partial derivative of a function of several variables is its derivative with respect to one of
    those variables, with the others held constant

    Method of Solution
    The solution ( F(x,y) = C ) of the exact differential equation can be obtained from either
    of the two equations

    F = ∫ M(x, y) ∂x + f(y)

    F = ∫ N(x, y) ∂y + g(x)
    Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021
    Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

    REMARKS:
    1. The first of these two equations is integrated partially relative to x (holding y as
    constant), while the second is integrated partially relative to y ( holding x as
    constant).
    2. The constants of partial integration, f(y) and g(x), are found by comparison of
    these two possible solutions.

    Sample Problems: Find the solution of the given differential equation.

    1. (2xy 2 − 3)dx + (2x 2 y + 4)dy = 0

    Solution:
    ∂M
    M = 2xy 2 − 3 ; = 2x(2y) = 4xy
    ∂y

    ∂N
    N = 2x 2 y + 4 ; = 2y(2x) = 4xy
    ∂x

    Since the two partial derivatives are equal, the equation is exact.

    The solution is F(x,y) = C

    F = ∫ M(x, y) ∂x + f(y) F = ∫ N(x, y) ∂y + g(x)


    F = ∫ 2xy 2 − 3 ∂x + f(y) F = ∫ 2x 2 y + 4 ∂y + g(x)
    x2 y2
    F = 2y 2 ( 2 ) − 3x + f(y) F = 2x 2 ( 2 ) + 4y + g(x)
    F = x 2 y 2 − 3x + f(y) F = x 2 y 2 + 4y + g(x)

    Comparison of the two equation gives us


    f(y) = 4y and g(x) = −3x

    Or we can just simply combine the two result such that no function will be
    repeated and equate it to C.

    So the solution is
    ∴ 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝐂
    Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021
    Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

    2. (x − y 3 + y 2 sinx)dx = (3xy 2 + 2ycosx)dy

    Solution:
    Rewrite the equation in the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0
    (x − y 3 + y 2 sinx)dx − (3xy 2 + 2ycosx)dy = 0

    ∂M
    M = x − y 3 + y 2 sinx ; = −3y 2 + sinx(2y) = −3y 2 + 2ysinx
    ∂y

    ∂N
    N = −(3xy 2 + 2ycosx) ; = −3y 2 (1) − 2y(−sinx) = −3y 2 + 2ysinx
    ∂x

    Since the two partial derivatives are equal, the equation is exact.

    The solution is F(x,y) = C

    F = ∫ M(x, y) ∂x + f(y) F = ∫ N(x, y) ∂y + g(x)


    F = ∫(x − y 3 + y 2 sinx) ∂x + f(y) F = ∫ −3xy 2 − 2ycosx ∂y + g(x)
    x2 y3 y2
    F= − xy 3 + y 2 (−cosx) + f(y) F = −3x ( 3 ) − 2cosx ( 2 ) + g(x)
    2
    x2 F = −xy 3 − y 2 cosx + g(x)
    F= − xy 3 − y 2 cosx + f(y)
    2

    Comparison of the two equation gives us


    x2
    f(y) = 0 and g(x) = 2

    Or we can just simply combine the two result such that no function will be
    repeated and equate it to C.

    So the solution is
    𝐱𝟐
    ∴ − 𝐱𝐲 𝟑 − 𝐲 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 = 𝐂
    𝟐
    Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021
    Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

    xdy
    3. = 2xex − y + 6x 2
    dx

    Solution:
    Rewrite the equation in the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0
    (2xex − y + 6x 2 )dx − xdy = 0

    ∂M
    M = 2xex − y + 6x 2 ; = −1
    ∂y

    ∂N
    N = −x ; = −1
    ∂x

    Since the two partial derivatives are equal, the equation is exact.

    The solution is F(x,y) = C

    F = ∫ M(x, y) ∂x + f(y) F = ∫ N(x, y) ∂y + g(x)


    F = ∫(2xex − y + 6x 2 ) ∂x + f(y) F = ∫ −x ∂y + g(x)
    F = ∫ 2xex ∂x − ∫ y ∂x + ∫ 6x 2 ∂x + f(y) F = −xy + g(x)
    To integrate ∫ 2xex ∂x ,
    Apply integration by parts
    Let u = x and dv = ex dx
    du = dx, then v = ex

    ∫ udv = uv − ∫ vdu

    ∫ 2xex ∂x = 2(xex − ∫ ex dx)

    ∫ 2xex ∂x = 2(xex − ex )

    F = 2xex − 2ex − xy + 2x 3 + f(y)


    Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 021
    Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

    Comparison of the two equation gives us


    f(y) = 0 and g(x) = 2xex − 2ex + 2x 3

    Or we can just simply combine the two result such that no function will be
    repeated and equate it to C.

    So the solution is
    ∴ 𝟐𝐱𝐞𝐱 − 𝟐𝐞𝐱 − 𝐱𝐲 + 𝟐𝐱 𝟑 = 𝐂

    Proprietary Clause
    Property of the Technological Institute of the Philippines (T.I.P.). No part of the materials
    made and uploaded in this learning management system by T.I.P. may be copied,
    photographed, printed, reproduced, shared, transmitted, translated or reduced to any
    electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without prior consent
    of T.I.P.

    You might also like