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Unit 1 - Chap 2 - Data Visualisation

The document discusses data visualization using Matplotlib in Python. It covers topics like installing Matplotlib, importing the Pyplot module, common chart types like line charts, bar charts and histograms that can be created using Pyplot methods, and includes examples of plotting each chart type with sample data.

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vikas_2
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
255 views

Unit 1 - Chap 2 - Data Visualisation

The document discusses data visualization using Matplotlib in Python. It covers topics like installing Matplotlib, importing the Pyplot module, common chart types like line charts, bar charts and histograms that can be created using Pyplot methods, and includes examples of plotting each chart type with sample data.

Uploaded by

vikas_2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1: Data Handling using

Pandas and Data Visualization


(25 marks)

Chapter 2: Data Visualisation

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


REVISED
Introduction
Data visualization basically refers to the graphical or
visual representation of information and data using
visual elements like charts, maps and graphs etc.

Data visualization is immensely useful in decision


making.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Using Pyplot of Matplotlib Library
For data visualization in Python, the matplotlib
library/package, Pyplot interface is used.

matplotlib is a high quality plotting library of python


that provides a very quick way to visualize data from
python and publication-quality figures in many
format.

Pyplot is a collection of methods within matplotlib


which allows user to construct 2D plots easily and
interactively.
Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt
Installing and importing matplotlib
Install matplotlib on command prompt

pip install matplotlib

Importing PyPlot

import matplotlib.pyplot
This would required you to refer to every command of pyplot as
matplotlib.pyplot.<command>

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


This would required you to refer to every command of pyplot as
plt.<command>

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Working with Pyplot methods

The PyPlot interface provides many methods for 2D


plotting of data.

The Pyplot interface lets one plot data in multiple


wats such as line chart, bar chart, pie chart, scatter
chart etc.

You can easily plot the data available in form of


NumPy arrays (ndarrays) or dataframes etc.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Matplotlib - PyPlot features
Following features are provided in matplotlib library for data
visualization.

• Drawing: Plots can be drawn based on passed data


through specific functions.
• Customization : Plots can be customized as per requirement
after specifying it in the arguments of the
functions. Like color, style(dashed,dotted),
width; adding label, title and legend in plots
can be customized.
• Saving: After drawing and customization plots can be
saved for future use.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Steps to plot in matplotlib

1. Install matplotlib by pip command


pip install matplotlib in command prompt.

2. Create a .py & import matplot library in it using


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt statement

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Steps to plot in matplotlib

3. Set data points in plot() method of plt object

4. Customize plot by changing different parameters

5. Call the show() method to display plot

6. Save the plot/graph, if required

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Basics of Simple Plotting

Data visualization essentially means graphical


representation of compiled data.

Graphs and Charts are effective tools for data


visualization.

You can create many different types of graphs and


charts using PyPlot.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Basics nomenclature of a Plot

Pyplot provides the interface to the plotting library


in matplotlib.

It means that figures and axes are implicitly and


automatically created to achieve the desired plot.

A matplotlib figure can be categorized into several


parts:

1. Figure: It is a canvas which contains plot. It may


contain one or more than one axes (plots).

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Basics nomenclature of a Plot

2. Axes: A figure contains many axes. It contains


two or three axis objects. Each Axis has a title an x-
label and a y-label.

3. Axis: They are the number line like objects and


take care of generating the graph limits.

4. Artist: Everything which one can see on the


figure is an artist like Text objects, Line 2D objects,
collection objects.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Basics nomenclature of a Plot

5. Labels: It is used to specify what kind of data you


are plotting.

6. Title: The title of the chart describes what it is.

7. Legend: They are used to explain what each line


means in the current figure.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Basics of Simple Plotting

Some common chart types are:

1. Line chart
It is a type of chart which displays
information as series of data points called ‘markers’
connected by straight line segments.

With Pyplot, a line chart is created using plot()


function.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Line chart)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


week=[1,2,3,4]
prices=[40, 100, 60, 80]

plt.plot(week, prices)

plt.xlabel("Week")
plt.ylabel("Onion prices (Rs.)")

plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Line chart)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

overs=[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50]


ind =[0, 90, 190, 280, 350, 394]
aus=[0, 100, 200, 290, 340, 370]

plt.plot(overs, ind, 'b', linewidth=2)


plt.plot(overs, aus, 'r', linewidth=2, linestyle='dashed')

plt.xlabel("Overs")
plt.ylabel("Runs per over")
plt.title("T50 World Cup")

plt.show()
Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt
Example (Line chart)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
year=[2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020]
x=[90,92,94,95,97,85]
xii=[89,90,93,85,95,98]
plt.plot(year,x,color='g')
plt.plot(year,xii,color='orange')
plt.xlabel('Year')
plt.ylabel('Passpercentage')
plt.title('Pass% till 2020')
plt.legend(('x','xii'), loc='upper right')

plt.show()

plt.savefig('line_plot.pdf')

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Basics of Simple Plotting

2. Bar chart

It is a type of chart that presents categorical


data with rectangular bars with height and lengths
proportional to the values that they represent.

The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.

With Pyplot, a bar chart is created using bar() or


barh() functions.

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Bar chart)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


week=[1,2,3,4]
prices=[40, 100, 60, 80]

plt.bar(week, prices)

plt.title("Price per Week")


plt.xlabel("Week")
plt.ylabel("Onion prices (Rs.)")

plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Bar chart)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


medal=['Gold', 'Silver', 'Bronze']
india=[4,10,35]

plt.bar(medal, india, color=['r', 'b', 'g'])

plt.title("Olympics")
plt.xlabel("Medal type")
plt.ylabel("Medal count")

plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Bar chart)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
medal=['Gold', 'Silver', 'Bronze']
india=[4,10,35]

plt.barh(medal, india, color=['gold', 'silver', 'brown'])

plt.title("Olympics")
plt.xlabel("Medal type")
plt.ylabel("Medal count")

plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Bar chart)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


medal=['Gold', 'Silver', 'Bronze']
india=[4,10,35]
china=[2,1,10]

plt.bar(medal, india)
plt.bar(medal, china)

plt.title("Olympics")
plt.xlabel("Medal type")
plt.ylabel("Medal count")

plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Bar chart)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
label = ['Anil', 'Vikas', 'Dharma', 'Mahen', 'Manish', 'Rajesh']
per = [94,85,95,85,77,80]

index = np.arange(len(label))

plt.bar(index, per)
plt.xlabel('Student Name', fontsize=5)
plt.ylabel('Percentage', fontsize=5)
plt.xticks(index, label, fontsize=5, rotation=30)
plt.title('Percentage of Marks achieve by student Class XII')
plt.legend(('Name','Per'), loc='upper right')
plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Bar chart)

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Basics of Simple Plotting
3. Histogram plot

It is a type of graph that provides a visual


interpretation of numerical data by indicating the
number of data points that lie within the range of the
values (“bins”).

It is similar to a vertical bar graph but without gaps


between the bars.

With Pyplot, a histogram is created using hist()


function.
Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt
Example (Histogram chart)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1,1,2,3,3,5,7,8,9,10,
10,11,11,13,13,15,16,17,18,18,
18,19,20,21,21,23,24,24,25,25,
25,25,26,26,26,27,27,27,27,27,
29,30,30,31,33,34,34,34,35,36,
36,37,37,38,38,39,40,41,41,42,
43,44,45,45,46,47,48,48,49,50,
51,52,53,54,55,55,56,57,58,60,
61,63,64,65,66,68,70,71,72,74,
75,77,81,83,84,87,89,90,90,91]

plt.hist(x, bins=10, edgecolor="red")


plt.show()
Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt
Example (Histogram chart)

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Histogram chart)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=[5,15,25,35,45,55,55,65,75]
plt.hist(x, bins=3,edgecolor="red")

plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt


Example (Histogram chart)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=[5,15,25,25,55,55,55,65,75]
plt.hist(x, bins=3,edgecolor="red")

plt.show()

Designed by: Umesh Pun (PGT IP) APS Yol Cantt

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