CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Many schools have their own system to manage students profile and assessments. Common

practice is by recording the student information in a record book. Students’ information is

obtained from the registration form completed by the parents when they registered their children

for the first time. This practice has some weaknesses such as the longer time to search the student

profile, the possibility of misplacement of record book and vulnerability of student record to be

accessed by unauthorized person.

In Polytechnic, Ibadan Staff School, several assessments are prepared to evaluate student

performance. Types of assessments that are common to all the secondary schools are

assignments, mid-term test, and end of term exams.

At the end of each assignment, test and examination, the class teacher records student’s marks

and grades in the record book or in basic computer software such as Microsoft Excel for teachers

with knowledge and access to computer. After that, the class teacher needs to determine

student’s position (ranking) in class based on their performances.

However, it takes time to do these tasks because they need to formulate their own

calculation for class position (ranking). These tasks will be much easier if all calculations for

class position (ranking) can be automatically done when the teacher enter assignments, test and

exams marks.

Students result is the criteria for the measurement of the student’s capability in terms of

academic performance in the school. It is used to measure a student’s capability in each subject

offered by the student, because the student result is very important to the student and his/her

parents, there is need to avoid common mistakes made during the result processing, this can

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easily be achieved by report card generating system, The system is an effective, efficient and

error free report card generating system designed and implemented for The Polytechnic, Ibadan

Staff School for proper running of the report card generating system.

Therefore, the researcher developed a report card generating system in order to manage

student information and assessments. This system will help school administration (principal and

clerk) to manage student profile and class teacher to manage students’ assessments.

Imagine a teacher compiling just 30 students results and the stress the teacher have to

undergo. The teacher gets busy calculating (addition and division) each student’s test and exam

scores. For every student, the teacher will add what the student scored in first test, second test

and exam to get the total for that subject, assume the subject is Mathematic; the teacher will

repeat it for the rest subjects offered by the same student just to get all the total scores for each

subject. To get the average score for this student, the teacher will have to add all the total scores

for each subject offered and then divide by total number of subjects offered by the student.

The same process is repeated for the remaining 29 students. After that, the teacher now

orders the average scores to rank the students 1st, 2nd, 3rd … position in the class, it does not

end there. The teacher will also enter the record into each student “Report Card” then create a

broad sheet called Master Sheet for all the students’ records for future references.

This is stressful and time consuming, in order to manage this computation and to make

teachers less stressful, make their job enjoyable and to make them direct their attention on

teaching is very easy with computerized system. On the other hand, Imagine one person

processing 3000 to 7000 students result from various classes with little effort of just entering

students’ scores as soon as they are conducted, and results generated automatically for printing

no matter the size of the students in the school. In each term, the system generates test and exam

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scores sheet with students names arranged accordingly with columns or rows created for each

subject scores entering.

This is given to the class teacher to fill in scores after the test or exam is conducted. It

will be taken back to the system for entry and after that with just a click; the result is ready for

printing.

Most authorities and management of secondary schools in The Polytechnic, Ibadan Staff

School thinks that the use of computer in school administration is only for the production of

applications, memos and letters. There is not a single computer used in the library of these

schools. Use of computers in schools cannot be over emphasized, it can help in administering the

school during the admission procedures, processing examination, admission, registration,

scheduling, storing of officials and students' records etc.

Investigation revealed that the manual method adopted in report card generating pose

some problems in The Polytechnic, Ibadan Staff School.

These problems can be arranged under the following heading: Poor security of

documents, Untimely processing of results, and Production of inaccurate results. The Aim of this

research is to develop a powerful computer application program that will ameliorate on the short-

comings encountered in the student’s result processing in The Polytechnic, Ibadan Staff School

such as the stress of compiling students result by the teachers and errors generated in the results

due to human factors thereby generating result that is accurate, timely and error free. All efforts

in this research are geared towards the gathering of sufficient information that would help in

making useful suggestions for the alleviation of manual processing of results in secondary

schools considering the processing speed, storage and retrieve of information facilities, to

provide the management with a tool with which to cut down on the time taken to provide results

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of evaluations. Result will be processed and presented at the click of a button. Hence computer

becomes indispensable in results processing.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

They need to improve the method of retrieving and processing report card at The Polytechnic,

Ibadan staff School, the problems associated with this system include, poor security of

documents, untimely processing of results, production of inaccurate results, and cost of material

e.t.c. Due to the problems stated above brought the initiation of this project design and

implementation of report card generating system in other to reduce stress in generating report

card for The Polytechnic, Ibadan Staff School Students.

1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY

This study is expected to serve as incentive to secondary school which will showcase all detailed

information about the student assignment, test and examination, the class teacher records

student’s marks and grades in the record book.

1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to design and implement of report card generating system. To achieve

this aim, the study seeks to investigate the extent of report card processing system usage by the

secondary schools.

THE OBJECTIVES ARE:

1. Develop a system that will replace the previous admission procedures.

2. Develop a system that will replace the manual processing of assignment, mid-term

test and examination result.

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 3. Develop a system that will replace the manual method registration, scheduling,

storing and allocation of class room to students.

4. Develop a system that will replace the previous method of keeping officials and

students' records.

5. The system should allow user to login into the system.

6. Create an easier way to understand user friendly environment

1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

The scope of the project is to design and implement the report card generating system which

covers the activities that go on within the secondary school “The Polytechnic, Ibadan Staff

School” which include:

1. Allocation of classroom.

2. Processing of assignment, mid-term test and examination score.

3. Generating of Report Card at the end of each Terms.

4. Keeping of Attendance records.

1.6 METHODOLOGY
In carrying out this project the following were employed in gathering the data needed. Interviews

were conducted with the Staff and their opinions formed a major basis for the development of

this project.

Another method of elicitation that was used is the observation method, other source textbooks

and internet. PHP is used to create program and MYSQL is used to create and maintained the

database.

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1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. System: complex whole formed from related parts; a combination of related parts
organized into a complex whole
2. Manual: It is an act of working with the hands.
3. Search: To examine thoroughly in order to find something.
4. Administrator: This is a person whose job is to manage and organize public affairs of a
company or an institution.
5. GUI: Graphical user interface.
6. Software: They are set of instruction that ensure the proper functioning of computer
7. World Wide Web: This is an internet multimedia service that contains a vast storehouse
of hypertexts document written using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

8. Domain Name System: This is a distributed database containing hostname and IP

address information.

9. Browser: A program runs on the client that is used to look at and navigate various kinds
of internet resources.

10. Barner Advert: Is a means of marketing in a site by placing millboards on the site.
11. Register: This simply means to record your name on an official list.
12. Database: This is a system intended to organize, store, and retrieve large amount of data
easily.
13. Software: This is a computer programs or instructions that cause the hardware to do
work.
14. Hardware: This is a device and equipment that make up a computer system as opposed
to the programs used on it.
15. Algorithm: This is the step by step procedure used in solving computer problems
16. Flowchart: This is the diagrammatic presentation of data
17. Compilation: This is the act of getting the program compiled.
18. Web Page: This is a document or information resource that is suitable for the world wide
web

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19. Information System: Is the combination of information technology and people’s
activities that supports operations, management and decision making.
20. Website: Is a set of related web pages containing content such as text, graphics etc
21. PHP: This acronym means Hypertext Preprocessor.
22. Module: Is a unit of computer program or system that has a particular function.
23. Macromedia Dreamweaver 8: This is an application program that is used in developing
and designing a dynamic website.
24. Wamp Server: Is a web development platform on Windows allowing you to create
dynamic web applications with Apache, MySQL, PHP and a MySQL database.
25. Computer: Is a machine that performs tasks, such as calculations or electronic
communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program.
26. Macromedia Fireworks: Is an application program used in designing graphics, images,
texts e.t.c that will be used in developing a dynamic site.
27. Script: Is a series of instructions for a computer.
28. Programs: Is a set of instructions in code that control the operations of a computer.
29. Text Box: Is a widget that can be used to display or edit unformatted text.
30. Form: Is a shape, visual appearance or configuration of an object.
31. Check Box :Is a graphical user interface widget that permits user to make multiple
selections from a number of options
32. Radio Button: Is a widget that permits user to make one choice from a number of
options

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 BACKGROUND THEORY OF STUDY

In the Early 1970’s the first automated Integrated Student Information System using

punch card input is implemented.

In 1984 Punch-card system replaced by a database system on an Intercom platform. In

1988 Intercom system replaced by an Integrated Database Management System (IDMS) database

system. An IDMS is primarily a network database management system for mainframe

computers, (Wikipedia, 2014), Since 1988 through to 2005 IDMS systems were continually

enhanced and modified to meet new requirements and changing technology using the Internet,

hundreds of interfaces have been built and extracts created to service a large number of

independent systems across colleges and campus, (North Carolina State University, 2006).

Akinyotu, et al, (2010), states that secondary report automation has reached various

levels of development in many developed and developing countries in the world.

Reynolds, et al, (2012), stated that schools have been in the information business several

years before any known modern school, they ought to have been the ”earliest beneficiaries” of

the application of computer technology to their operations.

Shera Josse H. (1999), made mention that report card computerization is a term often

used in discussing the use of computers and related equipments to help schools handle and

manage the physical materials that comprises report card collections.

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 Marlene Clay and Chris Batt (1992) stated that today it is increasingly difficult to find

schools which do not use computers in some shape or form. Better questions are “what benefits

should one expect to gain and where should it stop”.

Lorraine M. (1973) says that to cope with the new computer-based systems, today’s

schools must learn the language and technique of automated report cards.

Robert Wedgeworth (1973) noted that computer based acquisition procedures which have

been developed at the school provide more effective control over fund accounting and

maintenance of an outstanding order file. The system illustrates an economical, yet flexible

approach to automated acquisitions procedures in an academic environment.

2.2 RELATED WORKS

In the 1950s computer use was introduced in education. At that time multimedia did not

exist as we know it today. Interaction with computers was available by means of slides and

audiotapes. The computer mainframe was connected with terminals that were placed

relatively far away from the main computer. The computer was used as a knowledge-

bank of questions by which students could undertake self-assessment of their knowledge

(Wenzel , et al, 1997).

In the early 1970s the use of computers increased. The mainframes were very expensive

and difficult to use. It was not until august 1981, when IBM presented the microcomputer IBM

PC (personal computer) that the use of computers for educational purpose started to develop.

Computers have been used in clinical practice for about 15 years. In spite of this, few

dental faculties have appropriately prepared the students for using programs and

applications that are available for dental clinics (Fedman, et al, 1992). There are today a

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number of CAL programs available on the market. However it seems that the development of

CAL is based on the work of very few individuals rather than being a part of the faculty‘s

ICT strategies (Plasschaert, et al, 1995).

The recent progress of communication technology and the wide introduction of the

internet have added a whole new dimension to CAL. Tools to gather information through the

internet provide great opportunities for searching literature and establishing fast

communication with international resources. Contacts can be made with colleagues and

resource persons in spite of geographical restrictions (Agis, 2000).

Taylor, et al, (1980), classified computer-based education includes both computer-

assisted instruction programs that interact with students in a dialogue and a broader array of

educational computer applications such as simulations or instruction in computer programming.

There is major national push for extended application of computer- based education at

educational levels.

However, paper (1980) Feigenbaum and McCorduck (1983) and Yourdon (1986) stated

that the most fervent advocates of computerization have argued that the actual pace of

computerization in schools, factories and homes is too slow.

Kling, et al, (1983), avers that computer-based education has been promoted with two

different underlying ideologies in all levels of education. Some educators argue that computer-

based instructional approaches can help fulfill the traditional values of progressive education:

the simulation of intellectual curiosity, initiative, and democratic experiences. For examples,

(1984) has argued that computerized universities are qualitatively different than traditional

universities: College students with micro computers in their dorm rooms will be more stimulated

to learn because they will have easy access to instructional materials and more interesting
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problems to solve. Also, Kling, et al, (1994), illustrates that systems being computerized offers

exciting possibilities of manipulating large amount of information rapidly with little effort to

enhance control, to create insights, to search for information, and to facilitate cooperative work

between people.

Chimezie, et al, (1990), stated that computers are looked upon as obedient servants who

are ever ready to free man from tedious procedures and produce results as compared with human

computing time.

Aluko, et al, (1991), stated that “in virtually any job whether clerical, technical, business,

or professional; whether it is a banking, medicine, education etc. Computers are useful tools” and

that “computers are tools with which we calculate, measure, assess, store, retrieve, regulate and

monitor information”. Hence, the blood and life – wire of any system is information. A typical

system (Education, Management etc.) cannot survive without good management information

system (MIS). Management Information System (MIS) are information systems, typically

computer-based, that are used within an organization. The concept of Management Information

System is a complex variable although Murdick (1971), simplified it when he said there is

probably no more challenging and diversified subject than management theory, system theory

and computer science.

World Net describes an information system (IS) as a system consisting of the network of

all communication channels used within an organization, and includes software and hardware. It

may also be defined as a system that collects and processes data (information) and provides it to

mangers at all levels that use it for decision making, planning, program implementation and

control.

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 Dunlop and Kling (1991), by the early 1990s, computing and telecommunications

accounted for half of the capital investments made by private firms.

French, (1992), in his book titled” computer Science” fourth edition, he relates the

relevance of computer to management and stated that “a company needs information in which to

base decisions concerning the current operations and future plans. It requires the information to

be timely and accurate”. He then cited the example of the use of computer in the area of

management control and production must be able to respond quickly to changes in demand and

other circumstances. The provision of up to date information is accurate and timely.

Obilikwu, et al, (1995), described computer as a machine that is capable of accepting

input data, store and process the data based on instructions given by the computer user and in this

way produce expected results generally called output. These definitions of computer would lead

us to answer the question “what is a program?”

In his definition Obilikwu (1995), defined a program as a sequence of instructions given

to the computer to perform a specific operation. From Encarta Encyclopedia, computer program

is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform some processing function or

combination of functions. The above definitions of computer clearly demonstrated the limitless

area of operations of computer in as much as such task is programmable. Computer is applicable

in virtually all areas of human endeavor ranging from Agriculture, Education, Business, Sports,

Entertainment, Medicine, Construction and Military etc.

Vecchioli, et al, (1999), noted that organizing and managing student records into a

cohesive and efficient system might seem like an impossible task. This study was carried out to

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verify the manual process involved in generating report card and to seek a way of automating the

system for effective operations.

Barrett, et al, (1999), encapsulates the essence of a student information system, and thus,

defines Student Management Information Systems (SMIS) as “an integrated software package

that maintains, supports, and provides inquiry, analysis, and communication tools that organize

student accountability data into information to support the educational process”.

Anigbogu, et al, (2000), defined a computer as an electronic device capable of accepting

data and instructions, processing the data based on the instructions to generate output in such a

manner that is yet to be equaled by any other known machine to mankind. Since the computer is

capable of accepting data and instructions, store this data and often time this instructions and

then generate an output, it is therefore necessary that we harness this quality and use it to our

advantage. The process of school administration and in this case result processing is as already

stated a time consuming and strenuous exercise prone to errors, if done manually, hence the need

for us to seek out ways to lift this burden from the individuals involved in this exercise.

Okonigene, et al, (2008), further stated that, with the use of computer for information

processing, the following are possible:

1. Instant access to students’ personal and subject information.

2. Instant student information updating.

3. Automatic generation of student report cards.

4. Keeping an up-to-date record of the entire student body in the school.

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5. Storing subject information such as Assignment, mid-term test score, and examination

Scores for the purpose of automatic report card generating.

6. Producing user friendly data entry screens for ease of use.

Obiniyi and Ezugwu, (2010), observed that Student enrolment in secondary school is

increasing at a very alarming rate. The increase in students ‘population over the years has made

the work of teacher in charge of processing students’ result a very tiresome exercise to deal with.

The rise in the number of students in schools today has made it imperative that we continue to

seek out the best and most efficient ways to handle school activities.

Eludire, et al, (2011), noted that the data generated by organizations are usually created

in files for use by different departments/units within the organization. If the data contained in

these files are not carefully delineated it is very likely that the same data will appear on several

of these files. That is these files would contain redundant data for example the University

registry file and college or department file would contain the name and address of a student. This

would mean that a simple change of address has to be processed in two and probably three or

four places, depending on the number of other files on which these data appears. This results in

data redundancy.

Mohini and Amar, (2011), indicated that processing of student’s results in the manual

system takes a very long time owing to which students remain idle for months together.

Sometimes the delay in declaration of result cause heavy losses to the students as generally they

cannot join further studies or appear in competitive exams or join jobs because of the non‐

availability of examination result on time.

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 Emmanuel and Choji, (2012), stated that the introduction of computer into information

technology has massively improved the information need of organizations.

It is pointed out in the research work Student Examination Result Processing System

(2012) that the effort expended in the process of registration of students and computation of their

assignment, Mid-term test and examination results is enormous. Hence, the need to evolve a

computerized process that will effectively and efficiently capture all the important data

associated with registration of student, computation of their results and generating of report card

for student within the secondary school.

Nmaju, et al, (2013), also observed that many secondary in Nigeria still adopt the manual

method of managing students’ record which is time consuming and demanding, and are often

prone to a variety of errors and disasters. Hence, it brings to the fore the need to properly address

how these shortcomings could be resolved and improved. They further stated that the solution to

these shortcomings lies in efficient information management system, or simply, information

system.

Ezenma, Emmanuel and Choji, (2014), examined the inadequacies involved in the

manual method of compiling and processing students’ results proposed a software Journal of

Science Education and Research (JOSER) Vol. 1 No 2, 2015 110 application which facilitates

automated processing of the results, though the study focused on public secondary schools in

Nigeria. In this paper, the inadequacies involved in the existing method of processing and

managing students’ academic records in tertiary institutions are examined. Specifically, in

Nigeria, most tertiary institutions make use of ‘semi-automated’ software packages that run on

stand-alone computer for managing students’ results and academic records.

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The limitations of these systems include but not limited slow response time, high error rate, poor

storage, crashing while processing results, generating inconsistent outputs and lack of referential

integrity. It is therefore, sufficient to argue that the current systems of managing students’

academic records in some universities lack ‘integrity’.

This paper therefore, proposes a dependable solution to the above shortcomings through

the development a software system on web platform, using five major web programming

languages. The system provides efficient service delivery in academic records management and

eliminates the delays associated with software applications that are currently been used in many

tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The proposed system was built and examined with reverence to

the peculiar situations and problems associated with educational system.

Akinmosin, et al, (2014), claimed that his intention for the design and implementation of

a University’s automated students Result Management System (RMS), was to put in place, a

system with capability of storing current and historical data, organizing and analyzing these data

as required and as well as integrating them with other Student Information Systems (SIS)

packages if the need arises. As an attempt at automating the management of students’ academic

records,

Orobor, et al, (2015), students’ result computation seems to be an old area of research

which is significant to every educational institution; continuous improvement on the existing

systems provides better solution to the challenges of managing students’ academic records.

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Fig 1: Admin Login.

Fig 2: Drop menus.

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 Fig 3: Subject Registration.

Fig 4: Window for computing results.

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2.2.1 COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM

Computerized information system is database program that keeps record of all activities carried

on daily bases. The system helps the school information management system to keep adequate

record of all students.

According to Culnan, et al, (1993), said the context of information systems is an

organization and its systems differs from computer science, whose emphasis is on algorithms and

system software, and from management science, which focuses on problems, models, and

solvers, and the relevant information in a problem context.

It also differs from organization science. While organization science studies individuals,

organizations, and institutions, information systems focuses primarily on behaviors and attitudes

of information systems users and the role of the social context of the information system.

According to John Dearden, (1973), said “Management Information System is a Mirage”

in the Harvard Business Review in response to a Business Week report on the new management

information systems (MIS) programs at Wharton, MIT, and Minnesota. Today there are

hundreds of Management Information System programs in U.S. academic institutions. While

Management Information System is no longer a mirage of Information System curriculums have

been criticized as out of date (Burton, et al, 1985) while Information System of academic

research has been criticized for lacking a paradigm, with neither direction nor cumulative

tradition (Weber, et al, 1987).

According to (Brandau, et al, 2009), current economic conditions have had a dramatic,

negative financial impact on the business enterprise. Consumer behavior patterns have been

changed for multiple reasons, including high levels of unemployment, a deep recession,
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and overall fear of what the future holds. The face of innovation in technology is continually

changing. The education system needs to take a proactive stance in implementing technological

advances, while continually striving to build levels of service quality and loyalty (Magnini, et al,

2003).

2.2.2 REPORT CARD

Report cards are perhaps the most anticipated report of the school year. An accumulation

of a students’ hard work throughout the year, a report card can be a huge reward for dedicated

students and their parents. Report cards, however, can be a time-consuming undertaking for both

the office and teachers. Report cards are totally customizable so you can include the information

that is important and unique to your school. Once teachers and administrators finalize and

approve the report cards, they are available immediately to students and parents.

The report cards feature uses the interactive database which includes student information,

attendance and grades. This information is always up to date, so when it is time to produce report

cards, a click of a button is all it takes. This eliminates the need for late nights and calculators

trying to figure out each and every student’s grade. It also reduces grading and mathematical

errors.

A report card in British English, communicates a student's performance academically. In

most places, the report card is issued by the school to the student or the student's parents twice to

four times yearly. A typical report card uses a grading scale to determine the quality of a

student's school work.

Report cards are now frequently issued in automated form by computers and may be

mailed to parents and students. Traditional school report cards contained a section for teachers to
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record individual comments about the student's work and behavior. Some automated card

systems provide for teachers' including such comments, but others limit the report card to grades

only.

The term "Report card" is used to describe any systematic listing and evaluation of

something for information. For example, many states in the United States have their education

departments issue report cards on schools' performance. Political advocacy groups will often

issue "report cards" on legislators, "grading" them based on their stances on issues.

2.2.3 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF AUTOMATIC REPORT CARD GENERATING

ADVANTAGES

Here are the advantages of implementing computerized report card generating solution:

1. Reduce workload for class teacher.

2. Good security of documents.

3. Timely processing of results.

4. Production of accurate report cards.

5. It reduces grading and mathematical errors.

6. Keeping an up-to-date record of the entire student body in the school.

7. Instant access to students’ personal and subject information.

8. Efficiency: - Because of the ever increasing number of students enrolling in secondary

schools, it is becoming progressively harder to cope with the paper worked involved in

the manual system of processing. A computerized system will make the job a lot more

21
 efficient and students will obtain their results soon after the marking of the scripts is

completed.

9. Accuracy: As in all manually operated systems there are often errors to a very negligible

degree, and when they do occur, can be easily identified and corrected. This is achieved

by the use of interactive processing.

10. Retrieve ability:- In the manual system information are stored in files, these information

can be retrieved by searching for the file that contains it, but with the use of computers

one need to do is to punch a few keys on the key board or simply click the mouse and the

information is retrieved.

11. Safety and security: information stored in the computer is safe from animals, insects and

intruders. Also a password can be used to make program assessable to only authorized

persons.

12. The developed software application was run on the system and found to operate as

expected: The login screen enables the user to enter his \ her password in order to login.

DISADVANTAGES

Here are the disadvantages of implementing computerized report card generating solution.

1. Hardware failure which may be caused by power (supply of current).

2. Expensive cost of material e.g Computer system

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2.3 CURRENT METHOD IN USE

The known current method used is the computerized report card generating system for The

Polytechnic, Ibadan Staff School.

The system has the following advantages:

 Provide the firm with instrument to use in the present system

 Provide information for better design.

 Improve services through more responsive procedure.

 Error free in processing students’ result

 It really going to be user friendly.

2.4 APPROACH TO BE USED IN THIS SYSTEM

During the feasibility study phase, it was seen that a lot of time are spent in carrying out most of

the process in the council. It was also observed that information search for and retrieval means

searching through a whole file, theory leading to disorderliness and misplacement of files which

lead to loss of data and file. Having compound and it mode of operation, PHP is used to create

program and MYSQL is used to create and maintained the database. The following weaknesses

where unfold;

A. TIME WASTAGES: A considerable amount of time is wasted during the search and

retrieval of file and during the depreciation calculation of process.

B. LACK OF CENTRALIZED OPERATION: The present system does not have a

centralized operation system which affects the free flow of information in the

organization.

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 C. ACCOUNTS EFFECTIVENESS: The present system does not enhance account

effectiveness, which leads to job unsatisfactory.

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS

3.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON CASE STUDY

The polytechnic, staff school was established on 26 th September, 1980, it consists of Junior and

Senior secondary school in which the Junior and Senior school offer nine subjects and Senior

secondary school is divided into three departments such as Commercial, Art and Science

department. Late 2000’s the whole school was divided into two which they have school I and

School II. Each school has their principal and vice principal (Vice principal admission and Vice

principal academics). All the activities of the school are controlled by the principal and oversee

by the state government (Ministry of Education).

3.2 OPERATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

Results are compiled by each teacher according to the subjects he or she handles by calculating

(addition and division) each student’s Test and Exam scores. For every student in question, The

teacher will add what the student scored in 1st and 2nd Test and Exam to get the total for that

subject, for example in Mathematics, teacher repeats this process for the rest of subjects offered

by the same student just to get all the total scores for each subject. To get the average score for

this student, the teacher will further add all the total scores for each subject offered then divide

by total number of subjects offered by the student. The whole process is repeated for the

remaining 29 students. After that is done, the teacher starts looking for the highest average score

and the one that follows and so on to get (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th.…30th positions in the class). it does

24
not end there, the teacher later enter the record into each student “Report Card” and also create a

broad sheet called Master Sheet for all the students’ records for future references. This process of

result compilation is very stressful and time consuming.

Problems associated with the existing system are as follows:

A. Inaccuracy: The results produced by the manual system may not be accurate due to

calculations which involve ordinary calculator and human reasoning.

B. Lack of security of results: The results processed are stored in files. These files are

sometimes attacked by insects such as termites or other pest.

C. Late processing of results: The short period of time available for the processing of

results, makes the teachers involve in a period of very though work, As a result of this

most of the times the results are produced late.

D. Production of ineffective results: As a result of miscalculations in the manual results

processing system the results produced are ineffective.

3.3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System analysis is a detailed study of the various operation performed by a system and their

relationships within and outside of the system. Here, the key question is: what problems exist in

the present system? Analysis begins when a user or manager begins a study of the program using

existing system. During analysis, data collected on the various files, decision points and

transaction handled by the present system. The commonly used in the system are data flow

diagram; observations etc. training, experience and common sense are required for collection of

relevant information needed to develop the system. The success of the system depends largely on

25
how clearly the problem is defined, thoroughly investigation and properly carried out through the

choice of solution. A good analysis model should provide not only the mechanism of problem

understanding, but also the framework of the solution. Thus, it should be studied thoroughly by

collection of data about the system. Then the proposed system should be analyzed thoroughly in

accordance with the needs.

3.3.1 INPUT FROM THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The input data of the existing system are:

3.3.1.1 Registering of Students

1. Surname

2. Middle name

3. Other-name

4. Gender

5. Assign Class

6. Next of Kin ( Full name)

7. Address

8. Phone number

3.3.1.2 Creating of Class

1. Class Name

2. Class Capacity

3.3.1.3 Loading of Class Subjects

1. Select Class

26
 2. Number of Subjects

3. Subject Title

3.3.1.4 Computing of Student Scores (i.e. Assignment, Mid-Term Test and Exams Scores)

1. Select Class

2. Select Subject

3.3.1.5 Printing of Report Card

1. Select Class

2. Generate report Card

3.3.2 OUTPUT FROM THE EXISTING SYSTEM

Output data from the existing system are:

1. Student Full-name

2. Class

3. Session

4. Term

5. Subject Name

6. Scores

7. Comments

8. Principal Signature

3.3.3 PROCESSING TASK CARRIED OUT BY THE SYSTEM

A form consisting the entire list above will be given to each student to fill; the form will be

submitted back for the record keeping and goes to school database that has been created. In

27
existing system, managing of students’ record is very tedious. Retrieval of students’ records through

manual registers, maintaining of records and data reconciliation etc. are very time consuming.

The design of report card generating system has a useful tool for user interaction, these report card

generating system create an avenue for interaction among staff, students and the valid

administrator can login and register student, create class, compute student results and generate

report Card. It focuses on the development of record keeping system to eradicate the manual

steps of generating report card at Polytechnic, Ibadan, Staff School.

3.4 PROBLEM IDENTIFIED FROM EXISTING SYSTEM

Since the existing system is done manually, all activities of a registering of students, creating of

class, loading of class subjects, computing of student scores (i.e. Assignment, Mid-Term Test

and Exams Scores) and printing of report card also done manually and mentally with the aid of

calculator which result to waste of materials, time, resources, duplication of reports and loss of

files. Other problem which brings about this study includes;

1. Inaccuracy.

2. Lack of security of results.

3. Late processing of results.

4. Production of ineffective results.

3.5 SUGGESTION SOLUTION TO IDENTIFIED PROBLEM

The proposed system is to design a report card generating system. Through the software the

administrator or teacher can register students, create class, load subjects, compute results

28
together (i.e. Assignment Score, Mid-Term Test Score, and Examination score) and generate the

report card for each classes as selected in quick time.

The proposed system has the following advantages.

13. EFFICIENCY: Because of the ever increasing number of students enrolling in schools,

it is becoming progressively harder to cope with the paper worked involved in the manual

system of processing. A computerized system will make the job a lot more efficient and

students will obtain their results soon after the marking of the scripts is completed.

14. ACCURACY: As in all manually operated systems there are often errors to a very

negligible degree, and when they do occur, can be easily identified and corrected. This is

achieved by the use of interactive processing.

15. RETRIEVE ABILITY: In the manual system information are stored in files, these

information can be retrieved by searching for the file that contains it, but with the use of

computers one need to do is to punch a few keys on the key board or simply click the mouse

and the information is retrieved.

16. SAFETY AND SECURITY: Information stored in the computer is safe from animals,

insects and intruders. Also a password can be used to make program assessable to only

authorized persons.

17. The developed software application was run on the system and found to operate as

expected: The login screen enables the user to enter his or her password in order to login.

29
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 SYSTEM DESIGN

Design present specification of how various aspect of the system function, be composed

and how they are interrelated. It is concerned with the coordination of activities, job, procedures

and equipment utilization in order to achieve organization objectives.

4.1 OUTPUT DESIGN

Outputs from computer systems are required primarily to communicate the result of

processing to users. They are also used to provide a permanent copy of this result for latter

consultation. Computer input is the most important and direct source information to the users.

Designing computer output should process in well-organized manner. The right output must be

available for the people who find the system easy to use. The outputs have been defined during

the logical design stage. If not, they should be defined at the beginning of the output designing

terms of types of output connect, format, response e.t.c.

30
4.1.1 REPORTS TO BE GENERATED

The reports to be generated from the design of the new system are of two types which are below:

HOME PAGE

Fig 4.1: System Home Page

CREATE NEW CLASS: This is the point of creating a new class in respect their capacities

Fig 4.2: Create new class

31
LOAD CLASS SUBJECT: This is the point of loading each class subjects into the system for
report card processing

Fig 4.3: Load Class Subject

COMPUTE RESULT: This is the screen point for computing student results before processing
report card

Fig 4.4: Compute Result

32
ENROLLMENT: This is the screen form to fill in other enroll new student to the school

Fi
g
4.5: Enrollment of New Student

4.1.2 SCREEN FORMS OF REPORT

HOME PAGE

Fig
4.6: System Home Page

CREATE NEW CLASS: This is the point of creating a new class in respect their capacities
33
 Fig 4.7: Create new class

LOAD CLASS SUBJECT: This is the point of loading each class subjects into the system for
report card processing.

Fig 4.8: Load Class Subject

34
COMPUTE RESULT: This is the screen point for computing student results before processing
report card

FIG 4.9: Compute Result

ENROLLMENT: This is the screen form to fill in other enroll new student to the school

Fig 4.10: Enrollment of New Student

35
4.1.3 Files Used to Produce Reports
Create Class

FIELD NAME TYPE VALUE

Class id Int (20)

Class name Varchar (30)

Class Capacity Int (50)

Table 4.1: The table shows the Classes

Filename ssms

Database name ssms.sql

Input Device Keyboard

Storage Device Hard disk drive

LOAD CLASS SUBJECT

FIELD NAME TYPE VALUE

id Int (20)

Session Int (30)

Term Varchar (50)

Class name Varchar (50)

Subject Name Varchar (50)

Table 4.2: The table shows the Class Subjects

Filename ssms

Database name ssms.sql

Input Device Keyboard

Storage Device Hard disk drive

36
 SCORE TABLE

FIELD NAME TYPE VALUE

id Int (20)

Student id Int (30)

Subject name Varchar (50)

Session Int (20)

Term Varchar (50)

Class name Varchar (50)

First Test Int (50)

Second Test Int (50)

Exam SCORE Int (50)

Table 4.3: The table shows the Scores

Filename ssms

Database name ssms.sql

Input Device Keyboard

Storage Device Hard disk drive

Report Card TABLE

FIELD NAME TYPE VALUE

id Int (20)

Student id Int (30)

Subject name Varchar (50)

Session Int (20)

Term Varchar (50)

Class name Varchar (50)

First Test Int (50)

Second Test Int (50)

37
 Exam SCORE Int (50)

Table 4.4: The table shows the Report Card

Filename ssms

Database name ssms.sql

Input Device Keyboard

Storage Device Hard disk drive

4.2 INPUT DESIGN

The consideration of input of this organization is greatly influenced by the need of the

output. The necessity for quick response from the system would determine the need for an on-

line type of input. Data collection and validation are done with the use of forms. These forms

supply data to the systems for a reasonable required output and are designed so as to know the

information of each individual and to update the file in the organization. The main objectives of

the inputs design are:

 Produce cost effective method of input

 Achieve highest possible level of accuracy

 Ensure that the input is acceptable to and understood by the staff.

4.2.1 LIST OF INPUT ITEM REQUIRED

The following are set of input items required by the system:

4.2.1.1 Registering of Students

1. Surname

2. Middle name

3. Other-name

4. Gender

38
 5. Assign Class

6. Next of Kin ( Full name)

7. Address

8. Phone number

4.2.1.2 Creating of Class

1. Class Name

2. Class Capacity

4.2.1.3 Loading of Class Subjects

1. Select Class

2. Number of Subjects

3. Subject Title

4.2.1.4 Computing of Student Scores (i.e. Assignment, Mid-Term Test and Exams Scores)

1. Select Class

2. Select Subject

4.2.1.5 Printing of Report Card

1. Select Class

2. Generate report Card

39
4.2.2 DATA CAPTURE SCREEN FORMS FOR INPUT
HOME PAGE

Fig
4.6: System Home Page

CREATE NEW CLASS: This is the point of creating a new class in respect their capacities

Fig 4.7: Create new class

40
LOAD CLASS SUBJECT: This is the point of loading each class subjects into the system for
report card processing.

Fig 4.8: Load Class Subject

COMPUTE RESULT: This is the screen point for computing student results before processing
report card

FIG 4.9: Compute Result

41
ENROLLMENT: This is the screen form to fill in other enroll new student to the school

Fig 4.10: Enrollment of New Student

4.3 PROCESS DESIGN

This gives a step- by-step procedure to be taken to carry out the design and implementation of

report card generating system. It discusses the programming activities, programme modules to be

developed, and the visual table of content.

4.3.1 PROGRAAMMING ACTIVITIES NECESSARY

After the system investigation and analysis stage, the next stage is now concerns with the way

and the process by which the new system will be designed so as perform the work expected of it

successfully. When designing a new system, the output design is first reckon with before the

input. At system design stage, the input and output files will be developed as well as database

files that will support the proper functioning of the system.

The things to put into consideration at system design stage include the following:

 The modules specification

 Design of interface and style sheet

42
  Procedure for system stage

The specification of what output the users want from a system dictates both the

requirement for input files.

4.3.2 LIST OF MODULES TO BE DEVELOPMENT

The following are the list of modules to be developed

1. Create new class module

2. Load class subject module

3. Enrollment module

4. Compute result module

5. Report Card processing module

4.3.3 VISUAL TABLE OF CONTENT (VTOC)

Home Page

Create Class Load Class Compute Generate Enroll View

Subject Result Report New Student
Card Student
Add New
User

Setting

Exit

43
41.4 STORAGE DESIGN

The storage design presents the details of the database design; it discusses the database tables

and the respective fields. The database system used for the computerized medical store inventory

management system is MYSQL.

4.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF DATABASE USED

The database used in this project work is MySQL. The general theme behind a database is to

handle information as an integrated whole. A database is a collection of interrelated data stored

with minimum redundancy to serve many users quickly and effectively. After designing input

and output, the analyst must concentrate on database design or how data should be organized

around user requirement. The general objective is to make information access, easy, quickly,

inexpensive and flexible for other users.

The following steps were followed in the database design:

 Analysis of Information: Intended users of the system were consulted and interview.

Information to represent in the database was determined. All reports currently generated

by hand and which the database will be required to generate were examined.

The characteristics of the various data and information were evaluated.

 Breaking down of Information into separate entity: The data items were collected

into separate entities. Each entity became a table in the database.

 Assignment of attribute to each entity: Each entity created is assigned attributes. As

attributes is a characteristic or property of each object or entity such as name, address,

class, etc.

44
  Identification of a unique identifier for each identify: One or more attributes that

uniquely identify a single now in the entity is selected. This is called the primary key for

that entity.

4.4.2 DESCRIPTION OF FILES USED

Normalization of the logical database design; Normalization involves a set of rules used to rest

the soundness of database design. These rule points out possible problems with the database

designs. These are five normalization rules, but for most database designs only three are used,

the three are:

 First Normal Form: No column may be multi-valued or repeating group i.e. each

column in a now can have only one value.

 Second Normal Form: When the primary key consists of one column, all the non-

primary key columns must depend on the entire primary key not just a part of it.

 Third Normal Form: Non-key attributes must not depend on other non-key attributes

4.4.3 RECORD STRUCTURE OF THE FILES USED

Database Name

Table Name

Input Medium: Keyboard

Output Medium: Screen/Hard copy

Storage Medium: Hard Disk

45
4.5 DESIGN SUMMARY

Start

Enter username
and password

If
Correc
t

Create Class

Load Subjects

Enroll new Student

Compute Result

Generate Report Card

Exit

If Yes Display Create

Opti
Class Form
on=
1

No
If Yes Display Load
Opti class subject
on= Form
2

46 A
B
 B A
No

If Display Enroll
Opti New Student
on= Yes Form
3

No

If Display
Opti Compute
on= Yes Result Form
4

No

If Display
Yes
Opti Generate
on= Report Card
5

STOP

47
 4.6 HIERARCHY INPUT-PROCESS OUTPUT (HIPO) CHART

Home Page

Username Password

WELCOME

Add New Load Class Compute Generate Enroll New

User Subject Result Report Card Student

Select Class Name

Username Password Select Class Generate

Report
Class Subject

Class name No. of

Subjects

Fullname 1st Test 2nd Test Exam Score

Assign
Fullname Gender NOK. Address Phone No.
Class
Fullname

48
4.7 INPUT-PROCESS OUTPUT (IPO) CHART

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

Login report i.e

User Process login
successfully
details
Login

Process data
Data report

Data collect

Compute Result Generate Report

Card

49
 CHAPTER FIVE

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY

This gives details on how the system design was carried out. All activities done when designing

the system are given below in this chapter. The chapter also entails various testing carried out for

the succession of the system

5.1.1 THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE USED

Since the project is a computerized report card generating system for The Polytechnic

High School Ibadan, web based design tools were used for the designing of the system. Below

are the programming languages and other tools used:

The basic program languages used are

PHP

HTML

Database used is:

MYSQL

Other programming languages used are:

JavaScript

CSS

5.1.2 ENVIROMENT USED FOR DEVELOPMENT

Environment used for development is windows operating system IDE. The overall

programming environment of the system being a system that embeds windows security

application is described based on three platforms that constitute the entire system.

These are:
50
  The client side

 The server side

 The Database

The client side is implemented with tools called objects that provide support for interactive user

interface.

The table of the database was embedded within the SQL database server which was used for the

implementation of the database.

5.1.3 SOURCE CODE

The source code is the underlying program running to make the software work

accordingly; this can be found attached in appendix B.

5.2 PROGRAM TESTING

Program testing discusses the testing produces used in verifying of the code and the entire

system as desired. These are several modules in the system and an integration file called

fenceophp controls the operation and the workability of every other form of modules in the

program. The testing of the program was done taking into account of all the possibilities that

could occur during the course of operation of the system.

Parts of the testing procedures carried out involve the following:

 Testing the correct responses of the individual submit button such as the login

button for the first home page.

In the menu bar displayed in the appropriate contested some system related features induced

either in menus or tools? Do pull-down menu operation and tool-bars work properly? Are all

menu function and pull-down sub function properly listed? Is it possible to involve each menu

51
function using a logical assumption that if all parts of the system are correct, the goal will be

successfully achieved? Inadequate testing or non-testing will leads to errors that may appear few

months later.

Problem
 Time delay between the cause and the appearance of the problem.

 The effect of the system errors on files and records within the system.

The testing process focuses on the logical interval of the software ensuring that all statement has

been tested and on functional interval in conducting tests to uncover errors and ensure that

defined input will produce actual results that agree with the required results. Program level

testing, modules level testing integrated carried out.

5.2.1 USE OF SAMPLE DATA

The system was tested with different student’s name, score and generate report card, to

check the effectiveness of the system while the system display inmate information after been

tested on the system and in database which shows that the system was great and effective.

5.3 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned into a working

system. The implementation phase constructs, installs and operates the new system. The most

crucial stage in achieving a new successful system is that it will work efficiency and effectively.

There are several activities involved while implementing a new project they are:

 End user training

 End user education

 Training on the application software

 System Design
52
  Parallel run and to New system

 Post implementation Review

END USER TRAINING

The successful implementation of the new system will purely depend upon the

involvement of the officers working in that department. The officer will be imparted the

necessary training the new technology.

END USER EDUCATION

The education of the user start the implementation and testing is over. When system is

found to be more difficult to understand and complex, more effort is put to educate the end used

to make them aware of the system, giving them lectures about the new system and providing

them necessary documents and materials about how the system can do this.

TRAINING ON APPLICATION SOFTWARE

After providing the necessary basic training on the computer awareness, the users will

have to be trained upon the new system such as the screen flows and screen design type of help

on the screen, type of errors while entering the data, the corresponding validation check at each

entry and the way to correct the data entered. It should then cover information needed by the

specific user or group to use the system.

POST IMPLEMENTATION

The department is planning a method to know the state of the past implementation

process. For that regular meeting will be arranged by the concerned officers about the

implementation problem and success.

53
5.3.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

The specification for the effect functioning of the computerized report card generating system for

The Polytechnic High School Ibadan is divided into two:

 Hardware specification

 Software specification

5.3.2 TASK PRIOR TO IMPLEMENTATION

The tasks prior to the implementation are as follows:

 System Design

 System Development

I. Hardware Acquisition

Hardware is the physical electronic part on the computer system. It is also necessary to

install the appropriate operating system provides the right environment from other

program to function effectively and efficiently

The system required the necessary hardware devices for it to function as expected.

The recommended hardware devices are:

 Pentium pc (with speed of at least 200MHz)

 A hard disk drive (at least 10Giga byte)

 Memory (main memory) of 32MB

 A 3.5 inch floppy drive (High Density)

 CD-ROM

 Color V Got monitor

 A laser jet printer

 Scanner
54
 II. Software acquisition

To run the new system, the system must have the following software acquisition.

 XP, Vista, Window 7 or Window 8 operating system and high version must be run on

the system.

 Wamp server must be installed on the system

 Dreamweaver must be installed on the system

 Firework must be installed on the system

III. Program Installation

The program is being installed on the computer system normally with no view of an error

being encountered.

This involves on how the designed website can be get installed and the steps are below: if

the institution can afford it, to get the program installed they have to host it and assign a domain

name to the site for easy accessing of the site from any part of the world. If otherwise, it has to

be hosted locally.

Since the website was design by using PHP and dream waver, so to start with the Wamp

Packages will be install first before anything, after this, the design website will then be copy

inside the wamp folder precisely in the www folder, after this the icon of the wamp will appear

at the task bar of the system, this icon will be clicked and select the local host inside the local

will the address of the website be type like www.index.php.

The simple install of the website on individual system is just copy and paste the designed

internet explorer so this will show on any system that has internet explorer.

The proper way of installing the website is by hosting it through the ISP Subscriber

through this, it will have a domain name and email address so that anybody can see it.

55
5.3.3 STAFF TRAINING
Users of this system need some training in order to know the computer knowledge and

skill is very essential. The interface of the system has been designed in such a manner as enhance

user friendly to the new system.

5.3.4 CHANGING OVER

Benchmark Test

In benchmark test, the user prepares a suggested list of functions that presents the typical

condition the system operate under when actually installed.

Parallel Testing

Here the new system operates in parallel with the previous system. Users gradually

become accustomed to the new one but continue to use the old to duplicate the new system

function.

Pilot Test

This involves installing the system on experimental basis. Users exercise the system as if

it had been installed permanently.

56
 CHAPTER SIX

SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
6.0 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION

At this stage it becomes necessary to give a detailed narrative on how to access the

package since we have the system design objectives for the newly adopted system. Though any

staff can also use the new system as well as experts in computing field but much cannot be

achieved without having documentation of the system so that the interested users can know what

the whole website entails.

At this stage we can therefore define documentation as the “act conveying in

acceptable manner”. Also the documentation must be up to standard by the use of suitable and

effective media.

This media are:

1. Reports

2. Flow charts

3. Web Pages

4. System Manual

6.1 FUNCTION OF DOCUMENTATION

 It aids communication between analyst and the web designer.

 It aids work completely.

 It is a tool of training

 It aids system design

57
6.2 FUNCTION OF PROGRAM MODULES
These are the module used in the development of the new project, in which each and every one

of them has its own functions in the program.

The modules are listed below:

 LOGIN MODULE: Is a form design to provide verification for users before they can log
on to the main menu.

 ABOUT MODULE: Is a form that displays the author name, topic for some seconds

before displaying the main menu.

 MAIN MENU: This is the program module that coordinates all other modules to work as
a complete package. It is where the main menu and options are displayed for the user to

decide on any of the options. It can also be regard as a mother to all the other modules

except the login and splash form.

 COMPUTE RESULT MODULE: This display a window for computation of results for
each student in a class.

 GENERATE REPORT CARD MODULE: This display each student result indicating
the scores of each subject for the student and his/her position in class.

 ENROLL NEW STUDENT MODULE: This display a window for registering new

student and give option to select the class in which he or she is assigned to.

 LOAD NEW SUBJECT MODULE: This display a window for registering new

subjects and give option to select the class in which the subject is offered.

58
6.3 USER MANUAL
The user’s manual for the new system contains the step-by-step instruction to be followed in

order to successfully operate and use the new system efficiently and effectively. The user

would require the following steps:

 Ensure that the peripheral devices are connected to the system unit properly.

 Switch on the computer system and allow it to boot

 Then double click on my computer in the desktop area of the system.

 Locate CD-ROM

 Copy it to any directory

 Right click on the executable file.

 Send it to the desktop

 Double click on the link you to the software.

 Enter your username and password into the space provided, or a create a new

members if no member exist

 Select from the main menu the module you want to work on.

Click on the exist button to close the program.

59
 CHAPTER SEVEN

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

7.1 SUMMARY

This project presents window based report card generating system which serves to

automate a report card processing activity that goes on within Polytechnic, High School. This

project system allows the smooth running of activities in the processing of student result.

The aim and objectives of the new system was achieved which is the design and

implementation of report card generating system.

7.2 CONCLUSION

The project culminated in the design and implementation of a report card generating

application, meant to ease the processing of students’ results in Polytechnic, High School. The

application was successfully developed, tested, and found to be working as expected. It is a

capable of storing and processing students’ results with high speed and accuracy, and presenting

output in certain required forms. It has some qualities such as reduction in the cost of processing;

reduction in time spent in computing student’s first and second term results, generating report

card in class for each student and elimination of duplication of effort which makes it overshadow

the manual system of students record keeping. The new system is flexible and can be modified to

suite any kind of record keeping and data processing. It uses graphical user interface (GUI)

rather than command-line approach, hence is easy to use, reasonably secure, and enforces data

integrity resulting from the use of a relational database management system. With this

application, the processing of students’ results can be automated to a large extent, thereby

reducing processing time and increasing accuracy.

60
7.3 RECOMMENDATION

As the requirement for report card processing system in educational institutions increase base on

the level of mismanagement being perpetrated all over the world, the need for and the input of a

well standardized report card processing system for window operation system users cannot be

expected in institution, therefore the implementation of the new system which provide a simple

and comprehensive way of restricting the users input must be taken into consideration. However,

it is recommended to incorporate further flexibility which may be integrated into the system.

61
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of Computer and Information

9. Technology, (Vol. 2, No 1, pp. 121-122). Retrieved from: http:// www.ijcit.com/

10. Ngoma, S. (2009). An Exploration of the Effectiveness of SIS in Managing Student
Performance. (A final year Dissertation in the School of Post Graduate Studies, Marlboro
College, Vermont, USA).

WEB REFERENCE
Lucy Tobin (27 April 2010). "Online school reports soon to be compulsory". The Guardian.

 http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/policyfunding/growSuccess.pdf

 Using check/check plus/check minus for evaluation, The Chronicle of Higher Education

Grading Informal Writing, Colorado State University

62
 APPENDIX A
(PROGRAM FLOW CHART)

Start Start

Create Class Load Class

Subjects

Enter Data Enter Data

Display Report Display Report

DATABASE DATABASE

63
 Start
Start

Register New
Compute Result
Student

Enter Data
Enter Data

Display Report
Display Report

DATABASE
DATABASE

64
 APPENDIX B

(Program Listing)
.style1 {color: #CC0033;
font-weight:bolder;}
.notf{padding:10px; color:#CC0033; font-size:18px; font-weight:bolder; font-family:Verdana, Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif}
.cont{padding:10px; font-size:18px; text-indent:10px; font-family: calibri;}
.sty{color:#444; font-weight:bolder; font-size:17px; font-family:Arial; margin-left:10px; margin-
right:10px;}
.style2 {
color: #990000;
font-weight: bold;
}
.style3 {
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
}
-->
</style>

<?php
include("projectControlClass.php");
$control = new controls();
include("compute_function.php");

//create new class

if(isset($_POST['create_class']) && $_POST['create_class'] =="CREATE CLASS"){
if(is_numeric($_POST['class_name']) || strlen($_POST['class_name']) < 3 || strlen($_POST['class_name'])
> 30){
echo "<div class='error'>Provide valid information at Class name <br/>minimum of 3 and maximim of
10 characters is allowes</div>";
return false;
}
if(!is_numeric($_POST['class_capacity']) || $_POST['class_capacity'] > 100 || $_POST['class_capacity'] <
10 ){
echo "<div class='error'>Provide valid information at Class Capacity <br/>Minimum of 10 and
maximum of 100</div>";
return false;
}
if($control->check_availability($_POST['class_name'], "classes","class_name") == "YES" ){
echo "<div class='error'>This Class has been added already please choose new one </div>";
return false;
}
else {
$control->inserts("classes", "class_name,class_capacity",
"('$_POST[class_name]','$_POST[class_capacity]')","NO");
echo "<div class='success'> $_POST[class_name]'s Class has been added to your Class list successfully
</div>";
65
unset($_POST);
}
}

// register new student

if(isset($_POST['submit_enroll']) && $_POST['submit_enroll'] =="ENROLL"){
$class_capacity = $control->selects("select class_capacity from classes where
class_name='$_POST[4]'");
$check_capacity = $control->selects("select count(student_id) as capacity from student_tb where
class_name='$_POST[4]'");

if($check_capacity[0]['capacity'] == $class_capacity[0]['class_capacity']){
echo "<div class='error'> The Class has reached the require capacity</div>";
}
else{
$inputValues= "(" . mb_substr($control->insert_values_f($_POST,9) ,0,-1) . ")";
$id =$control->inserts("student_tb",
"surname,othername,middlename,sex,class_name,nok_fullname,nok_address,nok_phone_no,dob",
$inputValues,"YES");
$formno="REG". sprintf("%02d",$id) . sprintf("%02d", rand(0,9)).date('y');
$control->execute("update student_tb set `reg_no` ='$formno' where `student_id`='$id'");
echo "<div class='success'> $_POST[0] $_POST[1] $_POST[2] has been enrolled into
$_POST[4] Class successfully </div>";
}
}

// save load term subjects

if(isset($_GET['save_subjects']) && isset($_GET['std_scores'])){
$inputValues= mb_substr($_GET['save_subjects'],0,-1);
$control->inserts("load_class_subjects", "session,term,class_name,subject_name", $inputValues,"NO");
$inputValues2= mb_substr($_GET['std_scores'],0,-1);
$control->inserts("scores_tb", "session,term,class_name,subject_name,student_id", $inputValues2,"NO");
echo"Subjects has been loaded successfully";
}

// register course
if(isset($_POST['register_courses']) && $_POST['register_courses'] =="REGISTER"){
echo "Yes";
$inputValues= mb_substr($_POST['sql'],0,-1);
$values= "(". mb_substr($_POST['constant'],0,-1) .")";
$control->inserts("registered_courses", "session,semester,matric_no,course_code", $inputValues,"NO");
$control->inserts("registered_student", "session,semester,matric_no,dept,level,mode", $values,"NO");
header("location:print_course_form.php");
}

66
// logout
if($_GET['page_id'] == 8){
unset($_SESSION['student']);
unset($_SESSION['user']);
header("location:index.php");
}

// load register student

if(isset($_GET['class_name']) && isset($_GET['subject_name'])){
session_start();
$session = $_SESSION['user']['session'];
$term = $_SESSION['user']['term'];
echo'<table width="700" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
<tr bgcolor="#eee">
<td><strong>No.</strong></td>
<td width="279"><strong>Fullname</strong></td>
<td width="191"><strong>1ST CA Scores</strong></td>
<td width="191"><strong>2ND CA Scores</strong></td>
<td width="191"><strong>EXAM Scores</strong></td>
</tr>';
$s=$control->selects("select
st.surname,st.othername,st.middlename,rc.1CA,rc.2CA,rc.EXAM,rc.id
from scores_tb as rc inner join student_tb as st
on rc.student_id =st.student_id
where
rc.session='$session'
and
rc.term = '$term'
and
rc.class_name ='$_GET[class_name]'
and
rc.subject_name ='$_GET[subject_name]'
");
for($x=0; $x<count($s); $x++){
?>
<tr id="id<?php echo $s[$x]['id'];?>" class="scores" name="<?php echo $s[$x]['id'];?>">
<td><?php echo $x+1;?></td>
<td><?php echo $s[$x]['surname']." ". $s[$x]['othername'] . " ". $s[$x]['middlename'];?></td>
<td><label>
<input name="<?php echo $s[$x]['id'];?>" type="text" size="10" maxlength="3" class="input"
value="<?php echo $s[$x]['1CA'];?>"/>
</label></td>
<td><label>

67
 <input name="<?php echo $s[$x]['id'];?>" type="text" size="10" maxlength="3" class="input"
value="<?php echo $s[$x]['2CA'];?>"/>
</label></td>
<td><label>
<input name="<?php echo $s[$x]['id'];?>" type="text" size="10" maxlength="3" class="input"
value="<?php echo $s[$x]['EXAM'];?>"/>
</label></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
echo "</table>";
}

// save scores (compute)

if(isset($_GET['sv_scores_values'])){
$ssv =explode("\n",$_GET['sv_scores_values']);
for($x=0; $x<count($ssv); $x++){
$a=explode(",",$ssv[$x]);
$control->execute("update `scores_tb` set `1CA`='$a[0]' , `2CA`='$a[1]' , `EXAM`='$a[2]'
where `id` ='$a[3]' ");
}
}

// generate notification
if(isset($_POST['generate']) && $_POST['generate'] =="GENERATE NOTIFICATION OF
RESULT"){
echo '<div align="right">
<button onclick="print();"> Print</button>
<button>SAVE</button>
</div><br/>';
$matric_no = $_POST['matric_no'];
echo ' <style type="text/css"> .succ{display:none;} </style>';
$data=$control->selects("select surname,middlename,othername,department,faculty from
student_tb where matric_no='$matric_no'");
$data2=$control->selects("select
lc.unit,
rc.scores
from registered_courses as rc
inner join load_courses as lc
on rc.course_code = lc.code
where

68
rc.matric_no ='$matric_no'
and rc.scores > 39
"); //$data == $student _data $total_point=0;
$total_point=0;
$total_unit =0;
for($x=0; $x<count($data2); $x++){
$grade=grade($data2[$x]['scores']);
$unit =$data2[$x]['unit'];
$grade_point =$grade * $unit;
$total_point = $total_point + $grade_point ;
$total_unit =$total_unit + $unit;
}
$cgpa =$total_point/$total_unit;
$cgpa = CGPA($cgpa);
?>
<?php
$chek =$control->selects("select result_name from result_issued where result_name='notification' and
matric_no='$matric_no'");
if(count($chek) ==0){
$inputValues ="('notification','$matric_no')";
$control->inserts("result_issued", "result_name,matric_no", $inputValues,"NO");
}
}

// generate transcript
if(isset($_POST['generate']) && $_POST['class_name'] !=""){
session_start();
$session = $_SESSION['user']['session'];
$term = $_SESSION['user']['term'];

echo ' <style type="text/css"> .succ{display:none;} </style>';

$data=$control->selects("select surname,middlename,othername,reg_no,student_id from student_tb

where class_name ='$_POST[class_name]'");

echo '<div align="right">

<button onclick="print();"> Print</button>
<button>SAVE</button>
</div><br/>';
echo'<div align="center">' ;

for($x=0; $x<count($data); $x++){

?>

<div style="width:700px; border:2px solid #CC0033; margin-bottom:150px;">

<table width="700" border="10" bordercolor="#D8D8D8">
APPENDIX C

69
(TEST DATA)

70
71
APPENDIX D

(Report)

72
73