Heat Treatment of Steel Parts: Rev Ecn No. Date Reviewed by Approved by Status
Heat Treatment of Steel Parts: Rev Ecn No. Date Reviewed by Approved by Status
Heat Treatment of Steel Parts: Rev Ecn No. Date Reviewed by Approved by Status
Rev: U Page 1 of 15
Summary:
This specification defines the requirements for heat treatment of carbon steel, low alloy
steel, martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and precipitation hardening
stainless steel which will be used in the manufacture of body, bonnets, end and outlet
connections, stems, valve bore sealing mechanisms, mandrel hangers, and piping
components (tees, elbows, reducers, bends) for general service. FMC Q01209 and
FMC Q01206 reference this specification for heat treatment procedures and practices
which are common to all products.
Structural steels, API 5L (ISO 3183), and API 5CT (ISO 11960) products are outside the
scope of this specification and shall be heat treated in accordance with the applicable
industry standard or FMC M specification. Nonferrous alloys of aluminum, copper or
titanium are also outside the scope of this specification.
Subject to contractual terms and conditions to the contrary, this document and all the information contained herein are the confidential and exclusive
property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 2 of 15
Table of Contents
1.0 SCOPE............................................................................................................ 4
2.0 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................. 4
3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 4
3.1 Spacing ...................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Carburization and Nitriding ........................................................................ 5
3.3 Temperature Uniformity and Equipment Calibration .................................. 5
3.4 Temperature Range and Set Temperature ................................................ 6
3.4.1 Contact Thermocouples or Heat Sink Thermocouples .............................. 6
4.0 THERMAL PROCESSING PROCEDURES.................................................... 6
4.1 Holding Time During Heat Treatment ........................................................ 7
4.2 Normalizing ................................................................................................ 7
4.3 Austenitizing and Solution Annealing ......................................................... 7
4.4 Quenching Equipment ............................................................................... 8
4.5 Quenching Process Requirements ............................................................ 8
4.6 Tempering of Class A and B Materials....................................................... 9
4.7 Aging.......................................................................................................... 9
4.8 Continuous Heat Treatment ....................................................................... 9
4.9 Stress Relief After Cold Straightening ....................................................... 9
5.0 RECORDS of HEAT TREATMENT .............................................................. 10
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 3 of 15
List of Tables
Table 1A: (English): Holding Times for Normalizing, Austenitizing and Tempering of
Class A and B Steels .............................................................................................. 11
Table 1B: (Metric): Holding Times for Normalizing, Austenitizing and Tempering of
Class A and B Steels .............................................................................................. 11
Table 2: Heat Treatment Procedure for Class A (Low Alloy Steel) 3 .................................... 12
Table 3: Heat Treatment Procedure for Class B(Martensitic Stainless Steels)1 ................. 13
Table 4: Solution Annealing Procedure for Class C (Austenitic Corrosion Resistant Steel) ....... 13
Table 5A: Holding Time for Class C (Corrosion Resistant) Steel ........................................ 14
Table 5B: (Metric) Holding Time for Class C (Corrosion resistant) Steel ............................ 14
Table 6: Heat Treatment Procedure for Class D (Precipitation-Hardening Steels) 4+X12+++ . 15
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 4 of 15
1.0 SCOPE
This specification defines the standard requirements for heat treatment of carbon steel,
low alloy steel, and stainless steel (martensitic, austenitic and precipitation hardening).
Duplex and super duplex stainlesses are addressed solely within their material
specifications. Structural steels and nonferrous alloys are outside the scope of this
specification.
Steels covered by this specification are classified into the following four classes:
Class A - Carbon and Low Alloy
Class B - Martensitic Corrosion Resistant Stainless
Class C - Austenitic Corrosion Resistant Stainless
Class D - Precipitation Hardening Stainless
This specification applies to components acquired from any supplier and any associated
sub-suppliers performing thermal processing (forging, casting, and heat treatment).
In case of conflicts between applicable FMC Material Specifications and this
specification, the material specification shall take precedence.
Additional requirements may be listed in the material purchase order.
2.0 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Spacing
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 5 of 15
Figure 1: Example of Multiple Layers of Ring Rolled Parts During Heat Treatment
The heating media in furnaces used for heating material shall be controlled to preclude
carburization and nitriding.
Furnaces shall meet the calibration and survey frequency requirements of Annex M of
the 20th edition of API 6A (ISO 10423). FMC Q01205 is based on API 6A Annex M and
may be used as a reference for the minimum requirements for acceptable furnace
calibration and survey. Furnaces which meet the calibration and survey frequencies
specified in ASTM A991 are also acceptable, as this standard is more stringent than
API 6A Annex M.
Uniformity surveys shall be made once per year minimum and shall be made at
temperatures that are representative of the operations intended for the furnace. For
solution annealing, annealing, austenitizing and normalizing, the uniformity shall be +/-
25°F (14°C) or better. For tempering, stress relieving and aging the uniformity shall be
+/-15°F (8°C) or better. Furnace survey records shall be available to FMC upon
request.
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
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The set point temperature on the furnace control instrument (i.e. the furnace set point,
controlled by the furnace set point thermocouple), shall be such that the load
temperature falls within the specified range, taking into account the temperature
uniformity of the furnace.
The time shall start no sooner than the controlling temperature indicator (contact or
furnace) reaches within 25°F(14°C) of the set point for austenitizing and solution
annealing; within 15°F(8°C) for tempering and aging.
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
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T (thickness) shall be determined to calculate soak time for heat treatment. T shall be
calculated as follows:
For parts with geometrical/ dimensional variations: consider the greatest "T" for soak
time calculations. The greatest T for such a part shall be determined by calculating the
diameter of the largest circle or sphere than can be placed inside the heaviest cross
section of the part.
For simple shapes, the soak time shall be determined based on T as follows:
height (for hollow and solid discs),
Maximum holding time shall not exceed five times (5X) the minimum holding time. The
5X rule does not apply to the separate QTC (e.g. API 6A 5 inch round or 4x4x8
coupon).
Opening of the furnace door to retrieve individual pieces during heat treatment is
permitted, as long as the holding time for all pieces in the load meet the minimum hold
time requirements prior to removal of the first piece. Following removal of the first
piece, the furnace door shall be closed and the furnace shall be permitted to return to a
stable temperature within the specified range for that grade. Additional pieces shall be
removed after a time sufficient to have stable furnace and metal temperatures.
4.2 Normalizing
Carbon and alloy steel (Class A) may be normalized prior to austenitizing. Normalizing
should be accomplished by cooling from Table 2 temperatures in still, circulated air or in
a circulated protective atmosphere to 400°F (204°C) or below. When normalizing is
required (e.g. when Q01209 is also required), the minimum holding time at temperature
is listed in Table 1A/1B. When normalizing is optional (e.g. mill normalizing), the
minimum listed holding time is not required to be met. Forgings may be normalized at
the forge shop as the final process step. In this case it is not necessary to renormalize
prior to austenitizing at the heat treatment facility used for quenching and tempering.
The use of recording thermocouples in the normalizing process is not required.
All classes of materials shall be held within the specified temperature range for sufficient
time for the necessary transformation and diffusion to take place. The required holding
times at temperature are listed in Table 1A/1B for class A and B; Table 5A/5B for class
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 8 of 15
C and Table 6 for class D. The austenitizing temperature for class A and B materials
shall conform to Tables 2 or Table 3, as applicable. The solution annealing temperature
for class C and D materials shall conform to Tables 4 or 6 as applicable. All material
classes shall be submitted to a maximum of 3 heat austenitizing or solution annealing
cycles.
Quench Baths - Quench baths shall permit complete immersion of material, provide for
adequate circulation of the media or agitation of material, and provide a means for
indicating the temperature of the media. Agitation with air as the only means of
agitation is unacceptable. Agitation shall be provided by pumps, impellers or other
mechanical means of agitation. Baths shall be adequate to produce the required
properties in the most massive material to be quenched. There shall be at least one
gallon of quenchant per pound of material quenched.
Oil-Quenching Baths - The temperature range shall meet the manufacturer's written
specification.
Water Quenching Bath - The temperature of the water or water bath quenching medium
shall not exceed 100F (38 °C) at the start of the quench nor exceed 120F (49 °C) at
the completion of the quench. This requirement does not apply to the water spray
quench method of cooling used in the continuous line heat treat process.
Aqueous Polymer Quenchants - Aqueous polymer quenchants may be used as
permitted in Tables 2 and 3. The temperature of the aqueous polymer quenchant bath
shall not exceed the manufacturers recommended operating range. Polymer baths
shall be monitored on a regular basis to ensure a consistent level of polymer is
maintained within the heat treater's specified limits for the bath.
Location of Quenching Equipment - Quenching equipment shall be located in such a
manner and handling facilities shall function with sufficient speed to prevent the initiation
of transformation or sensitization prior to quenching. Transfer to quench shall take
place in 90 seconds or less. The transfer time shall be measured from the time the
furnace door is fully open or the furnace roof is fully removed and until the component(s)
is completely submerged into the quench bath. The transfer time may exceed the
above listed requirements, only if it can be verified by pyrometer or contact
thermocouple prior to quench, that the temperature of the part is within the temperature
range defined for the austenitizing temperature or the applicable Material Specification.
Class A material shall be cooled to or below 400°F (204°C) before tempering per Table
2.
Class B material specifications may have specific temperatures for quenching specified.
In the event no temperature is specified herein or in applicable material specification,
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 9 of 15
Class B and D material shall remain in the quench bath until the material is within 10°C
of the temperature of the quench media.
Hardened Class A and B material shall be cooled sufficiently and tempered within a
period of time adequate to prevent quench cracking or conditions deleterious to end
product mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Material should be tempered
within two hours after quench or within two hours after reaching room temperature after
cold treatment. If hardened class A or B materials cannot be tempered within 2 hours of
quenching, they can be snap tempered for one hour at 400±25F (204±14°C) or as
appropriate to prevent cracking. This 'snap tempering' is considered in addition to the
normal temper required by the applicable table below.
Class C materials shall be quenched in accordance with Table 4.
Hold times during tempering shall be per Table 1A/1B. Tempering temperatures shall
be per Tables 2 or table 3, as applicable. Cooling after tempering shall be air cooling or
faster. Furnace cooling is not permitted. For heavy cross sections, rapid cooling after
tempering may improve impact properties. The minimum tempering temperatures must
be met in all cases to ensure that later steps of manufacturing, such as welding and
post weld heat treatment, can be reliably managed.
4.7 Aging
Screw, walking-beam, pusher furnaces, mesh or cast link type furnaces utilized for
continuous heat treatment are permitted. Continuous induction, electrical resistance or
infra-red heat treatment is not permitted.
Times outside the specified ranges may be used, as long as the minimum time at
temperature is 15 minutes per inch of thickness. Tempering temperature minimum
shall be met. Other thermal operations may use temperatures outside the ranges
specified. Mechanical properties shall be met on a prolongation or sacrificial part.
Cold straightening of warped bars after heat treatment is permitted if total outer fiber
deformation does not exceed 5%. In the event deformation exceeds 5%, a post
straightening stress relief shall be required. When required, the stress relief treatment
shall be at a temperature not to exceed 50 °F (28 °C) lower than the actual tempering
temperature. For carbon or alloy steel with specified maximum hardness of 22 HRC
(237 HBN), the stress relief temperature shall be a minimum of 1100°F(595°C). All
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 10 of 15
required NDE shall be performed after straightening if deformation is less than 5%, and
after stress relief for deformations > 5%.
The record of heat treat processing shall be documented by heat treat charts. Heat
treat charts shall document measurements from the thermocouple attached to the part
(if applicable per Q01209 or otherwise) and the furnace air temperature. Charts shall
be traceable to the heat treat batch, heat number, part number and date of processing.
Approved suppliers shall retain heat treat charts in a secure area for a period of no less
than 5 years (e.g. electronic or paper). A copy of the heat treat charts shall be available
to FMC upon request.
Subject to contractual terms and conditions to the contrary, this document and all the information contained herein are the confidential and exclusive
property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 11 of 15
Table 1A: (English): Holding Times for Normalizing, Austenitizing and Tempering
of Class A and B Steels
Annealing, Austenitizing and
Tempering and Aging
Normalizing
Material
Furnace Contact Furnace or Contact
Thermocouple Thermocouple Thermocouple
30 min/inch of T 15 min/inch of T; Up to 8" T, 1 hour/inch,
Class A
minimum. 15 minutes minimum.
and B
Minimum time is 30 minimum For additional T beyond 8", add
Steels
minutes. 30 min/in, minimum
Table 1B: (Metric): Holding Times for Normalizing, Austenitizing and Tempering
of Class A and B Steels
Annealing, Austenitizing and Normalizing Tempering and Aging
Material Furnace Contact Furnace or
Thermocouple Thermocouple Contact Thermocouple
1.2 min/mm of T. 0.6 min/mm of T; 15 Up to 200mm T, 2.4 min/mm
Class A
Minimum time is 30 minutes minimum minimum. For additional T
and B
minutes. beyond 200mm, add 1.2 min/mm
Steels
minimum.
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 12 of 15
3
Table 2: Heat Treatment Procedure for Class A (Low Alloy Steel)
Minimum Normalizing Austenitizing Tempering
Required Temperature Temperature Temperature
F F F
Grade Tensile Range Range Approved Range
Strength Quenchant
KSI (°C) (°C) (°C)
(MPa)
6 1
4130 85-100 1600-1700 1575-1650 Water 1190-1300
(586-690) (870-925) (850-900) (640-700)
2 1
4140 85-100 1550-1650 Oil, Water 1190-1300
(586-690) (840-900) Polymer (640-700)
2
4140 >100-130 1550-1650 Oil, Water 1000-1300
(>690-896) (840-900) Polymer (540-700)
2
4140 >130 1550-1650 Oil, Water 900-1200
(>896) (840-900) Polymer (480-650)
2
4145H >100 1550-1650 Oil, Water 1000-1300
(>690) (840-900) Polymer (540-700)
4340 <100 1575-1650 Oil, Polymer 1100-1250
(<690) (850-900) (593-680)
4340 100-135 1550-1650 Oil, Polymer Double
4
(690-930) (840-900) Temper
1075-1250
(580-680)
4340 >135 1550-1650 Oil, Polymer Double
4
(>930) (840-900) Temper
1050-1250
(565-680)
2,5
8630 MOD <100 1575-1650 Water 1220-1325
(<690) (850-900) Polymer (660-720)
2,5
8630 MOD >100 1575-1650 Water 1050-1200
(>690) (850-900) Polymer (565-650)
F22 ANY See Applicable Material Specification
9Cr-1Mo <100 NA 1750-1850 Oil, Water
Double
4
(<690) (955-1010) Polymer
Temper
1200-1375
(649-750)
(1) The minimum tempering temperature for bar stock under 6 inches (152mm) in diameter may be
1150F (620°C).
(2) Water is a severe quenching media which may contribute to cracking. Supplier needs to be aware
of the severity of water quench.
(3) All temperatures are part temperatures.
(4) Second temper to be a minimum of 25°F (14 °C) lower than the first temper. The second temper
may be lower than the listed minimum.
(5) Polymer quench preferred for complex shapes. Do not oil quench before obtaining permission
from FMC Materials Engineering.
(6) Oil or polymer quenching of small 4130 parts (less than 1.5 inches (38mm) thick) is permitted.
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.
Doc No: Q01207
Rev: U Page 13 of 15
F
Grade Tensile Range Approved Temperature Temperature
F F
Strength Quenchant Range Range
KSI (C)
(MPa) (C) (C)
410 <100 1750-1850 Oil, Air, 1250-1375 (3)
2
(<689) (955-1010) Polymer (677-750)
F6NM (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
(1) All temperatures are part temperatures.
(2) Water quenching of mill shapes up to 14"(356mm) maximum cross sectional dimension is
permitted.
(3) Second temper must be at least 15F (8C) lower than first temper, 1150F (621C) minimum.
(4) See relevant material specification.
F
Heating
(C) Cooling
201 and 202 1850 to 2050 Water Quench
(1010 to 1120)
301, 302 and 303 1850 to 2050 Water Quench
(1010 to 1120)
304, 304L and 308 1850 to 2050 Water Quench
(1010 to 1120)
309 1900 to 2050 Water Quench
(1040 to 1120)
310, 316 and 316L 1900 to 2050 Water Quench
(1040 to 1120)
321 1750 to 2050 Air or Water Quench
(950 to 1120)
347 and 348 1800 to 2050 Air or Water Quench
(980 to 1120)
254 SMO 2100 to 2200 Water Quench
(1150 to 1200)
(1) All temperatures are part temperatures.
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Table 5B: (Metric) Holding Time for Class C (Corrosion resistant) Steel
Diameter or Thickness of Maximum Section Minimum Holding Time in Minutes for Full
1 2
(mm) Annealing Atmosphere Furnace
Up to 2.54 20
2.541 - 6.350 25
6.351 - 12.70 45
12.71 - 25.40 60
25.41 - 38.10 75
38.11 - 50.80 90
50.81 - 63.50 105
63.51 - 76.20 120
>76.21 120 minutes + 30 minutes per each 25.4mm of
thickness >76.21"
(1) Thickness is the minimum dimension of heaviest section of a part or the minimum dimension of
the heaviest section of a multi-layer load.
(2) Holding time starts when all temperature indicators rise to within 10C of set temperature. For
continuous and repetitive batch heat treatment, the holding time may be lowered provided the
solution of carbides is assured per ASTM A262.
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F F F
Strength Range Range Range Quenchant
KSI
(MPa) (C) (C) (C)
1125-1175
(610-635)
≤135
2
17-4 PH 1875-1925 or 1125-1175 Air cool or
(≤ 930) (1020-1050) 1375-1425 (610-635) liquid quench
(750-770)
17-4 PH > 135 1875-1925 (3) (3) Air cool or
(> 930) (1020-1050) liquid quench
(1) Hold for a time commensurate with thickness and heating equipment and procedure used.
(2) Condition H1150 M may be achieved after solution treating by heating to 1400F ± 25F(760C ±
14C) and holding for 2 hours minimum, air cooling below 90F(32C), and then aging for 4 hours
at 1150F(621C ± 14C) minimum. or Condition H1150 may be achieved after solution treating
by heating to 1150F ± 25F (621C ± 14C) for 4 hours minimum, air cooling below 90F(32C),
and then aged again at 1150F ± 25F(621C ± 14C) for 4 hours minimum.
(3) To be determined by heat treater.
(4) All temperatures are part temperatures.
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property of FMC Technologies, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written authorization by FMCTI.