EXERCISES:

A. READ AND ANALYZE THE POEM.

LESSON 1
IMAGINATIVE WRITING VS. TECHNICAL WRITING
Imaginative writing and Technical writing differ in purpose, audience, language, and tone.

WHAT IS IMAGINATIVE WRITING?

Imaginative writing is that which expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings in a creative,
unique and poetic way.

Examples of imaginative writing are poetry, fiction such as short stories and novels, creative
nonfiction like travel writing, nature writing, sports writing, autobiography, memoir, interviews,
comics, play scripts and hypertexts.

While imaginative writing may be for a variety of purposes, its main purpose is to entertain and
educate. Its content is imaginative, metaphoric, and symbolic. Its language is informal, artistic and
figurative. The vocabulary used is evocative and is usually written for a general audience.

 Tone – which refers to the mood, attitude, feelings or motion of the writer toward the subject or
topic, is subjective.

WHAT IS TECHNICAL WRITING?

Technical writing is a form of writing technical communication or documentation in science and

technology or applied science that helps people understand a product or service. The main purpose of
technical writing is to inform and to trigger the person into action such as purchasing a product or
service. Its purpose may also be to instruct or to persuade, but never to entertain. Answer the following questions:

Examples of technical writing are end user documentation like user manuals that accompany 1. How many stanzas are there in the poem?
cellular phones, personal computers, or laptops; traditional technical writing such as legal analysis, 2. What word or phrase is similar in each stanza?
summary of experiments for journal publications, or articles for trade publication; and technological 3. How does the writer feel about women? What mood does she convey?
marketing communications such as sales pitch about a new computer hardware or software to a new 4. How does the poem make you feel? Why?
client. It includes training manuals, operations, guides, and promotional brochures. 5. For whom do you think was this poem written?

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 B. READ AND ANALYZE THE SELECTION BELOW.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the first thing that you noticed about the text?
SEX, GENDER and HEALTH BIOTECHNOLOGY 2. What is the second thing you noticed about the text?
3. Do these two things complement or contradict each other?
Understanding the distinction between 'sex' (which is a biological concept) and 4. What mood does the text create you?
'gender' (which is a social and behavioral construct) is key to a contextual
understanding of women's health in a world largely dominated by male norms and
biases. Gender relates to how we are perceived and expected to think and act as COMPARE AND CONTRAST
men and women because of the way society is organized, not because of our
Like comparing and contrasting what a man and woman can do, compare and contrast “Phenomenal
biological differences For example, a woman's child-bearing potential relates to
Woman” and “Sex, gender and health biotechnology” by completing the following matrix.
biology while child-rearing practices relate to socially-constructed norms,
customs, and values. Gender-based norms vary across cultures and societies
indicating that women and men are not homogeneous groups. Gender-based “Sex, Gender and Health
norms in almost all cultures are unfavorable to women, situating them in “Phenomenal Woman” Biotechnology”
disadvantageous positions in relation to men.
Advances in science are enabling an increasing appreciation of the complexity
of human health and of the interactions between biological sex and social gender. Subject
Such an appreciation is helping to uncover factors underpinning disproportionate
disease burdens on women although such discourse is still evolving. Furthermore,
ongoing research is contributing to the understanding of differential disease
burdens between women and men in regard to health conditions common to both Purpose
sexes, in addition to the application of sex and gender lenses to female-specific
diseases alone. For example, in low and middle income countries females suffer
higher disease burdens of preventable communicable diseases. This is an Audience
important point: sex and gender exert their influence well beyond 'female-specific'
diseases and issues such as reproduction. In general, sex and gender have a much
wider influence on disease than is usually acknowledged. They influence the
Language
etiology, diagnosis, progression, prevention, treatment, and health outcomes of
disease as well as health-seeking behaviors and exposure to risk. Whereas sex
plays a bigger role in the etiology, onset, and progression of disease, gender
influences differential risks, symptom recognition, severity of disease, access to Tone
and quality of care, and compliance with care.
Having briefly considered the notions of sex and gender, it is now possible to
explore five sex and gender considerations in the field of biotechnology. Can you find any common thing in the two selections?

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 5. Apostrophe - when a character in a literary work speaks to an object, an idea, or someone
who doesn't exist as if it is a living person. This is done to produce dramatic effect and to
LESSON 2 show the importance of the object or idea. Example of apostrophe such as” Oh, rose, how
sweet you smell and how bright you look!”
ELEMENTS OF CREATIVE WRITING
6. Hyperbole - Hyperbole is extravagant, intentional exaggeration. “I have a million things
Imagery and figures of speech make language creative.
to do today” is a common example of hyperbole.

7. Alliteration - Many experts also consider alliteration an example of figurative language,

even though it does not involve figures of speech. Rather, alliteration is a sound
IMAGERY AND FIGURES OF SPEECH device  that layers some additional meaning on top of the literal language of the text. It
Are the words or phrases in your lists imagery and figures of speech. occurs when a series of words start with the same letter sound, such as “wicked witch”
or “from forth the fatal loins of these two foes.” This can help build imagery or mood,
 Imagery – is a figurative language used to represent objects, actions, and ideas in a manner that hence the connection to figurative language.
appeals to the senses. It uses vivid descriptive language to add depth to the work. Imagery
creates mental pictures in the reader as he/she reads the text. 8. Synecdoche - is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that refers to a part of
 Figures of Speech - is phrasing that goes beyond the literal meaning of words to get a something is substituted to stand in for the whole, or vice versa. For example, the phrase
message or point across . “all hands on deck” is a demand for all of the crew to help, yet the word “hands”—just a
part of the crew—stands in for the whole crew.

9. Metonymy – a word or phrase that is substituted for another with which it’s closely
KINDS OF FIGURE OF SPEECH
associated to or when something is described indirectly by referring to things around it.
1. Simile - A simile is a figure of speech that compares two separate concepts through the Examples of metonymy such as, “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.”
use of a clear connecting word such as “like” or “as.” Examples of simile are phrases
such as “He was wily as a fox,” or “I slept like a log.” 10. Oxymoron – is a figure of speech where incongruous or contradictory to terms appear side
by side. Example of oxymoron such as, “Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!”
2. Metaphor - A metaphor is like a simile, but without connecting words. It simply posits
that two separate things are the same. For example, “He was a wily fox,” or “She cried a 11. Paradox – is a statement that appears to contradict itself. Example of this is, “Less is more.”
river of tears.”

3. Onomatopoeia - In onomatopoeia, words sound like the thing they describe. Sound
effects like “tick-tock” and “ding-dong” are everyday examples, as well as words like
“zap” and “hiccup.” Sometimes individual words are not onomatopoeic, but they will
become so in the context of the words around them, as in Edgar Allan Poe’s “suddenly
there came a tapping, as of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.”

4. Personification - Personification projects human qualities onto inanimate objects, or

perhaps animals or natural elements. “The wind howled,” “The words leapt off the
page,” and “Time marches on” are all examples of personification.

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EXERCISES: C. PICTURE IT.
Print or cut out pictures of the faces (not emoticon) of people with the following emotions or
A. Instruction: feelings: (choose only five emotions or feelings)
Research, read and analyze the poem entitled “Auto Wreck by Karl Shapiro” to answer the following
activity: Happy Sad Embarrassed angry
 List down the words or phrases that represents any figure of speech in the poem. For example, excited Frustrated Curious Loved
“doors leap open.”
Grateful Scared surprised Hurt
Words/ Phrase What Figure of Word / Phrases What Figure of Guilty Proud Insecure Silly
Speech? Speech?
hopeful Left out jealous Cranky
1. 6.

2. 7.
D. WRITE IT.

3. 8. 1. Examine your chosen pictures.

2. Describe what you see without using imagery or figures of speech (each picture).
3. Then, describe the picture using any applicable imagery or figures of speech.
4. 9.

5. 10.

B. Answer the following questions:

1. Upon reading the word "ambulance”, what words or scenes did you associates with it?
2. What do you think happened in the poem? Why was an ambulance present? Was there an
emergency? What word or phrase tells us it was an emergency?
3. What was the feeling of the onlookers? Were they happy or sad? What word or phrase tells us
this?
4. Have the figures of speech used helped you “picture” the scenario described in the poem?
Explain.
5. What is the poem about?