ANALYSIS OF TRUSS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
ADVANCED THEORY OF STRUCTURES
KKKA6103
GROUP PROJECT: ANALYSIS OF TRUSS

COURSE: MASTER OF ENGINEERING (CIVIL-STRUCTURES)

ACADEMIC SESSION 2019/2020, SEM 2

NAME MATRICS NO
YAN YEE KIAN P102890

IR MOHD AZRIL BIN AHAMAD P101940

LECTURER’S NAME: DR. YAZMIL MD YATIM

SUBMISSION DATE: 8/1/2019

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Table of Contents
TOPIC PA
GE
1.0 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT 1-5
1.1 TRUSS
1.2 TRUSS ANALYSIS
1.3 STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD
1.4 PROJECT DETAIL
2.0 MANUAL CALCULATION
3.0 STAAD.PRO OUTPUT
4.0 RESULT
4.1 COMPARISON OF MANUAL CALCULATION &
STAAD.PRO
OUTPUT
5.0 APPENDIX
5.1 FIGURE 9
5.2 STAAD.PRO REPORT

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1.0 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

1.1 TRUSS
A truss is an assembly of beams or other elements that creates a rigid structure. In
engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the
members are organized so that the assemblage behaves as a single object.

Figure 1: Truss Structure

1.2 TRUSS ANALYSIS
Truss analysis is to determine the support reactions, member forces and displacement of
nodes. The methods used for carrying out the analysis with the equations of equilibrium and
by considering only parts of the structure through analysing its free body diagram to solve the
unknowns.
Support & members force can be determined using method of joint, method of section
& graphical method of truss analysis (Maxwell’s Diagram). While for displacement or
deflection of truss, it can be analysed through energy method. Stiffness matrix method can
use to analysis both support reaction, member forces and displacement of nodes.
For our project, we are instructed to use stiffness matrix method compared to software
application.

1.3 STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD

Stiffness method requires subdividing the structure into a series of discrete finite elements
and identifying their end points as nodes.

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For truss analysis, the finite elements are represented by each of the truss members
and the nodes represent the joints. The force–displacement properties of each element are
related to one another using the force equilibrium equations.
The relationships are then grouped together into the structure stiffness matrix K. The
unknown displacements of the nodes can then be determined. The external and internal forces
in the structure can be calculated using the force–displacement relations.
In order to determine the support reactions, member forces and displacement of nodes of
truss in matrix methods, the following equation is the fundamental for the analysis:
1) Global Stiffness Matrix

2) Force Transformation Matrix

3) Member Forces

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1.4 PROJECT DETAIL

A = 5.37 cm2 = 5.37x 10^-4 m2 (Refer Appendix)

E = 205kN/mm2 = 205x10^9 N/m2 (Refer STAAD.Pro)
Section Property of Truss: 50mmx50mmx2.9mm SHS-Steel (Refer Appendix)

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2.0 MANUAL CALCULATION

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Excel Manual Calculation

member Length (m) member Length (m) member Length (m) member Length (m) member Length (m) member Length (m) member Length (m)

A= 0.000537 m2 L1= 3 L3= 3 L4= 3 L6= 1.2 L8= 3.231 L10= 3.231 L12= 3.6

E= 2.05E+11 N/m2 L2= 3 L4= 3 L5= 3.231 L7= 3.231 L9= 2.4 L11= 4.686 L13= 4.686
Member 1
3669500
AE/L= 0
k1= 1 2 3 4  
λx= 1 36695000 0 -36695000 0 1
λy= 0 0 0 0 0 2
-36695000 0 36695000 0 3
0 0 0 0 4

Member 2

AE/L= 36695000
k2= 3 4 5 6  
λx= 1 36695000 0 -36695000 0 3
λy= 0 0 0 0 0 4
-36695000 0 36695000 0 5
0 0 0 0 6

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Member 3

AE/L= 36695000
k3= 5 6 7 8  
λx= 1 36695000 0 -36695000 0 5
λy= 0 0 0 0 0 6
-36695000 0 36695000 0 7
0 0 0 0 8

Member 4

AE/L= 36695000
k4= 7 8 9 10  
λx= 1 36695000 0 -36695000 0 7
λy= 0 0 0 0 0 8
-36695000 0 36695000 0 9
0 0 0 0 10

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Member 5
3407149
AE/L= 5
k5= 9 10 11 12  
11749381.2 11749381.2
λx= 0.9285 29373453 5 -29373453 5 9
λy= 0.3714 11749381 4699752.5 -11749381 -4699752.5 10
-
11749381.2 11749381.2
-29373453 5 29373453 5 11
-11749381 -4699752.5 11749381 4699752.5 12

Member 6
9173750
AE/L= 0
k6= 7 8 11 12  
λx= 0 0 0 0 0 7
λy= 1 0 91737500 0 -91737500 8
0 0 0 0 11
0 -91737500 0 91737500 12

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Member 7
3407149
AE/L= 5
k7= 5 6 11 12  
-
11749381.2 29373453.1 11749381.2
λx= 0.9285 29373453.12 5 2 5 5
-
11749381.2
λy= 0.3714 11749381.25 4699752.5 5 -4699752.5 6
-
11749381.2 29373453.1 11749381.2
-29373453.12 5 2 5 11
11749381.2
-11749381.25 -4699752.5 5 4699752.5 12

Member 8
3407149
AE/L= 5
k8= 11 12 13 14  
-
29373453.1 11749381.2
λx= 0.9285 29373453.12 11749381.25 2 5 11
-
11749381.2
λy= 0.3714 11749381.25 4699752.5 5 -4699752.5 12
29373453.1 11749381.2
-29373453.12 -11749381.25 2 5 13
11749381.2
-11749381.25 -4699752.5 5 4699752.5 14

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Member 9
4586875
AE/L= 0
k9= 5 6 13 14  
λx= 0 0 0 0 0 5
λy= 1 0 45868750 0 -45868750 6
0 0 0 0 13
0 -45868750 0 45868750 14

Member 10
3407149
AE/L= 5
k10= 13 14 15 16  
11749381.2
λx= 0.9285 29373453.12 11749381.25 -29373453.12 5 13
λy= 0.3714 11749381.25 4699752.5 -11749381.25 -4699752.5 14
11749381.2
-29373453.12 -11749381.25 29373453.12 5 15
-11749381.25 -4699752.5 11749381.25 4699752.5 16

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Member 11
2349231
AE/L= 8
k11= 5 6 15 16  
λx= 0.6402 9628468.238 11553560.29 -9628468.238 11553560.29 5
λy= 0.7682 11553560.29 13863550.48 -11553560.29 -13863550.48 6
-9628468.238 -11553560.29 9628468.238 11553560.29 15
-11553560.29 -13863550.48 11553560.29 13863550.48 16

Member 12

AE/L= 30579167
k12= 3 4 15 16  
λx= 0 0 0 0 0 3
30579166.6
λy= 1 0 7 0 -30579166.67 4
0 0 0 0 15
-
30579166.6
0 7 0 30579166.67 16

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Member 13
2349231
AE/L= 8
k13= 1 2 15 16  
λx= 0.6402 9628468.238 11553560.29 -9628468.238 11553560.29 1
λy= 0.7682 11553560.29 13863550.48 -11553560.29 -13863550.48 2
-9628468.238 -11553560.29 9628468.238 11553560.29 15
-11553560.29 -13863550.48 11553560.29 13863550.48 16

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Global Stiffness Matrix K Value

K= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 46323468 11553560 -36695000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9628468.238 11553560.29

2 11553560 13863550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11553560.29 -13863550.5

3 -36695000 0 73390000 0 -36695000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 30579167 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -30579166.7

5 0 0 -36695000 0 112391921.4 23302941.54 -36695000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9628468.238 11553560.29

6 0 0 0 0 23302941.54 64432052.98 0 0 0 0 -11749381.2 -4699752.5 0 -45868750 -11553560.29 -13863550.5

7 0 0 0 0 -36695000 0 73390000 0 -36695000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91737500 0 0 0 -91737500 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 0 0 0 0 -36695000 0 66068453 11749381.25 -29373453.1 11749381.25 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11749381 4699752.5 -11749381.2 -4699752.5 0 0 0 0

11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -29373453 -11749381.2 88120359.37 35248143.75 -29373453.12 11749381.25 0 0

12 0 0 0 0 -11749381.25 -4699752.5 0 -91737500 -11749381 -4699752.5 35248143.75 105836757.5 -11749381.25 -4699752.5 0 0

13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -29373453.1 -11749381.25 58746906.25 23498762.5 -29373453.12 11749381.25

14 0 0 0 0 0 -45868750 0 0 0 0 -11749381.2 -4699752.5 23498762.5 55268255 -11749381.25 -4699752.5

15 -9628468 -11553560 0 0 -9628468.238 -11553560.29 0 0 0 0 0 0 -29373453.12 -11749381.25 48630389.6 34856501.84

16 -11553560 -13863550 0 -30579167 -11553560.29 -13863550.48 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11749381.25 -4699752.5 34856501.84 63006020.13

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Horizontal & Vertical Displacement by using Force Transformation Matrix

Q=KD
Q1 D1
Q2 0
0 D3
0 D4
0 D5
0 D6
0 D7
0 = KX D8
Q9 0
Q10 0
0 D11
-15000 D12
0 D13
-15000 D14
10000 D15
0 D16

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Solve simultaneous equation using Matlab

[Eq.1] 0 = D1 (46323468) + D3 (-36695000) + D15 (-9628468) + D16 (11553560)

[Eq.2] Q2 = D1 (11553560) + D15 (-11553560 + D16 (-13863550)

[Eq.3] 0 = D1 (-36695000) + D3 (73390000) + D5 (-36695000)

[Eq.4] 0 = D4 (30579167) + D16 (-30579167)

[Eq.5] 0 = D3 (-36695000) + D5 (112391921.4) + D6 (23302941.54) +D7 (-36695000)

[Eq.6] 0 = D5 (23302942) + D6 (64432053) + D12 (-11749381.25) + D15 (-9628468.238) + D16 (-11553560.29)

[Eq.7] 0 = D5 (-36695000) + D7 (73390000)

[Eq.8] 0 = D8 (91737500) + D12 (-91737500)

[Eq.9] Q9 = D7 (-36695000) + D11 (-29373453) + D12 (-11749381)

[Eq.10] Q10 = D11 (-11749381.2) + D12 (-4699752.5)

[Eq.11] 0 = D6 (-11749381.2) + D11 (88120359.37) + D12 (35248143.75) + D13 (-29373453.1) + D14 (-11749381.2)

[Eq.12] -15000 = D6 (-4699752) + D8 (91737500) + D11 (35248144) + D12 (105836757) + D13 (-11749381) + D14 (-4699752)

[Eq.13] 0 = D11 (-29373453.12) + D12 (-11749381.25) + D13 (58746906.25) + D14 (23498762.5) + D15 (-29373453.12) + D16 (11749381.25)

[Eq.14] -15000 = D6 (-45868750) + D11 (11749381.25) + D12 (-4699752.5) + D13 (23498762.5) + D14 (55268255) + D15 (11749381.25) + D16 (-4699752.5)

[Eq.15] 10000 = D1 (9628468.238) + D5 (-9628468.238) + D6 (11553560.29) + D13 (-29373453.12) + D14 (-11749381.25) + D15 (48630389.6) + D16 (3486501.84)
D1 (11553560.29) + D4 (-30579166.7) + D5 (11553560.29) + D6 (-13863550.5) + D13 (11749381.25) + D14 (-4699752.5) + D15 (34856501.84) +
[Eq.16] 0 = D16 (63006020.13)

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Q1= 0 N D1= 0.00547 m

Q2= 40790 N D3= 0.003105 m
Q9= 6135 N D4= 0.002386 m
Q10= 6300 N D5= 0.0007395 m
D6= 0.0003397 m
D7= 0.0003698 m
D8= 0.0001682 m
D11= -0.0006035 m
D12= 0.0001682 m
D13= -0.0001408 m
D14= 0.0005016 m
D15= 0.0009238 m
D16= 0.002386 m
Get Reaction Force Q1, Q2, Q9, Q10 and Vertical (Y-Direction) and Horizontal (X-Direction) Displacement D1,
D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,D8,D11,D12,D13,D14,D15,D16

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2.0 STAADPro Output

Figure 2: Member Length

Figure 3: Loading Definitions

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Figure 4: Truss Section Properties

Figure 5: Structural Diagram Info

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Figure 6: Node & Beam Member Number

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4.0 RESULTS

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4.1 COMPARISON OF MANUAL CALCULATION & STAAD.Pro OUTPUT

STAAD.Pro Direction X, Y Manual Calculation Reaction of Degree of STAAD.Pro Reaction (kN)
Node Freedom (kN)
Node 1 X Q1=0 0
Y Q2=40.79 8.250
Node 2 X Q3=0 Not Shown
Y Q4=0 Not Shown
Node 3 X Q5=0 Not shown
Y Q6=0 Not shown
Node 4 X Q7=0 Not shown
Y Q8=0 Not shown
Node 5 X Q9=-6.135 -10
Y Q10=6.3 21.750
Node 6 X Q11=0 Not Shown
Y Q12=-15 Not Shown
Node 7 X Q13=0 Not Shown
Y Q14=-15 Not Shown
Node 8 X Q15=10 Not Shown
Y Q16=0 Not Shown
4.1.1 COMPARISON OF MANUAL CALCULATION REACTION OF DEGREE OF FREEDOM & STAAD.Pro REACTION

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STAAD.Pro Direction X, Y Manual Calculation STAAD.Pro Displacement

Node Displacement (mm) (mm)
Node 1 X D1=5.47 -2.850
Y D2=0 0
Node 2 X D3=3.105 -2.658
Y D4=2.386 -4.968
Node 3 X D5=0.7395 -2.466
Y D6=0.3397 -10.660
Node 4 X D7=0.3698 -1.233
Y D8=0.1682 -11.583
Node 5 X D9=0 0
Y D10=0 0
Node 6 X D11=-0.6035 -2.745
Y D12=0.1682 -11.583
Node 7 X D13=-0.1408 -1.269
Y D14=0.5016 -10.994
Node 8 X D15=0.9238 2.381
Y D16=2.386 -4.967
4.1.2 COMPARISON OF MANUAL CALCULATION DISPLACEMENT & STAAD.Pro DISPLACEMENT

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STAAD.Pro Manual Calculation Manual Calculation STAAD.Pro Beam End Forces

Beam Members Member Forces (kN) (kN)
1 1 q1=-86.78 -6.878,6.878,
2 2 q2=-86.8 -6.893,6.893
3 3 q3=-13.57 -44.234,44.234
4 4 q4=-13.57 -44.222,44.222
5 5 q5=-16.96 -58.409,58.409
6 8 q8=18.86 -38.362,38.362
7 10 q10=44.66 -38.305,38.305
8 13 q13=-25.31 -10.741,10.741
9 12 q12=0 0.024
10 11 q11=77.52 -29.187,29.187
11 9 q9=7.426 -14.965,14.965
12 7 q7=-44.66 -20.048,20.048
13 6 q6=0 0.059
4.1.3 COMPARISON OF MANUAL CALCULATION OF MEMBERS FORCES & STAAD.Pro BEAM END FORCES

STAAD.Pro Reaction, Displacement &Beam End Forces Refer to Appendix -5.3 STAAD.Pro Report (Highlighted)

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5.0 APPENDIX

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Figure 9: Area of Section

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