PROBLEM SET 1

1. Consider a 150-W incandescent lamp. The filament of the lamp is 5 cm long and has a diameter of 0.5 mm. The
diameter of the glass bulb of the lamp is 8 cm. Determine the heat flux, in W/m2, (a) on the surface of the filament
and (b) on the surface of the glass bulb, and (c) calculate how much it will cost per year to keep that lamp on for
eight hours a day every day if the unit cost of electricity is $0.08/kWh.

2. A 15-cm-diameter aluminum ball is to be heated from 80°C to an average temperature of 200°C. Taking the average
density and specific heat of aluminum in this temperature range to be 2700 kg/m3 and Cp = 0.90 kJ/kg · °C,
respectively, determine the amount of energy that needs to be transferred to the aluminum ball in kJ.

3. Infiltration of cold air into a warm house during winter through the cracks around doors, windows, and other
openings is a major source of energy loss since the cold air that enters needs to be heated to the room temperature.
The infiltration is often expressed in terms of ACH (air changes per hour). An ACH of 2 indicates that the entire
air in the house is replaced twice every hour by the cold air outside.
Consider an electrically heated house that has a floor space of 200 m 2 and an average height of 3 m at
1000 m elevation, where the standard atmospheric pressure is 89.6 kPa. The house is maintained at a temperature
of 22°C, and the infiltration losses are estimated to amount to 0.7 ACH. Assuming the pressure and the temperature
in the house remain constant, determine the amount of energy loss from the house due to infiltration for a day (in
kWh/day) during which the average outdoor temperature is 5°C. Also, determine the cost of this energy loss for
that day ($/day) if the unit cost of electricity in that area is $0.082/kWh.

4. A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to be air-conditioned using window air-conditioning units of 5-
kW cooling capacity. A person at rest may be assumed to dissipate heat at a rate of 360 kJ/h. There are 10 lightbulbs
in the room, each with a rating of 100 W. The rate of heat transfer to the classroom through the walls and the
windows is estimated to be 15,000 kJ/h. If the room air is to be maintained at a constant temperature of 21°C,
determine the number of window air-conditioning units required.

5. A student living in a 4-m x 6-m x 6-m dormitory room turns his 150-W fan on before she leaves her room on a
summer day hoping that the room will be cooler when she comes back in the evening. Assuming all the doors and
windows are tightly closed and disregarding any heat transfer through the walls and the windows, determine the
temperature in the room (in deg C) when she comes back 10 hours later. Use specific heat values at room
temperature and assume the room to be at 100 kPa and 15°C in the morning when she leaves.
6. The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m x 6-m brick wall of thickness 30 cm and thermal conductivity 0.69
W/m ·°C are maintained at temperatures of 20°C and 5°C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat transfer through
the wall, in W.

7. A heat flux meter attached to the inner surface of a 3-cm-thick refrigerator door indicates a heat flux of 25 W/m2
through the door. Also, the temperatures of the inner and the outer surfaces of the door are measured to be 7°C and
15°C,respectively. Determine the average thermal conductivity of the refrigerator door in W/m-°C.

8. For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modeled as a 30-cm-diameter, 170-cm-long vertical cylinder
with both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and with the side surface at an average temperature of 34°C. For
a convection heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m2 · °C, determine the rate of heat loss (in W) from this man by
convection in an environment at 20°C.

9. Consider a person standing in a room at 23°C. Determine the total rate of heat transfer from this person (in W) if
the exposed surface area and the skin temperature of the person are 1.7 m 2 and 32°C, respectively, and the
convection heat transfer coefficient is 5 W/m2 · °C. Take the emissivity of the skin and the clothes to be 0.9, and
assume the temperature of the inner surfaces of the room to be the same as the air temperature.

10. A 1.4-m-long, 0.2-cm-diameter electrical wire extends across a room that is maintained at 20°C. Heat is generated
in the wire as a result of resistance heating, and the surface temperature of the wire is measured to be 240°C in
steady operation. Also, the voltage drop and electric current through the wire are measured to be 110 V and 3 A,
respectively. Disregarding any heat transfer by radiation, determine the convection heat transfer coefficient (in
W/m2 · °C) for heat transfer between the outer surface of the wire and the air in the room.