A: Nucleic Acids Metabolism C: Respiration

FRAC Classification of Fungicides C1: complex I NADH Oxido-reductase C4: complex III Group 21 C8: inhibition of complex III
A1: RNA polymerase I A2: adenosine cytochrome bc1(ubiquinone reductase)
# 39 pyrimidinamines,pyrazole-MET1, quinazoline cytochrome bc1(ubiquinone reductase) at Qi site
# 4: PA-fungicides (PhenylAmides) -deaminase at Qo site stigmatellin binding sub site)
# 21 QiI fungicides (Quinone inside Inhibitors)
# 8: hydroxy # 45 QoSI-fungicide (stigmatellin binding)
cyano-imidazole sulfamoyl-triazole picolinamide
(2-amino)-pyrimidines

Fungal control agents by cross resistance pattern and mode of action 2021 (www.frac.info)
tolfenpyrad
diflumetorim fenazaquin
benalaxyl metalaxyl

bupirimate
B: Cytoskeleton and Motor Proteins C: Respiration pyrimidinamine pyrazole-5-carboxamide quinazoline
Group 39
cyazofamid amisulbrom
fenpicoxamid florylpicoxamid ametoctradin
triazolo-pyrimidylamine Group 45

furalaxyl
B1:  ß-tubulin assembly in mitosis B2:  ß-tubulin B4: C2: complex II: succinate-dehydrogenase C5: uncouplers of oxidative C6: inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, C7: ATP transport
# 1: MBC fungicides # 7 SDHI (Succinate DeHydrogenase Inhibitors) Phosphorylation # 29 ATP synthase (proposed)
acylalanines assembly in mitosis* cell division # 38 thiophene- carboxamides
(= Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamates) # 10 N-phenyl carbamates # 30 organo tins
benalaxyl-M metalaxyl-M
benzimidazoles
(unknown site)
2,6-dinitro-
# 20 phenylureas aniline
dimethirimol pyrazole - 4 -
meptyl dinocap
thiophanates fluxapyroxad carboxamides fluindapyr
dinitrophenyl fentin acetate fentin hydroxide
fuberidazole
crotonates
thiophanate- binapacryl fluazinam fentin chloride silthiofam
methyl furametpyr sedaxane Group 29 Group 30 Group 38
bixafen
benomyl thiabendazole diethofencarb
ofurace oxadixyl
pencycuron phenyl-oxo-ethyl
C3: complex III cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site (cyt b gene)
ethirimol * negative cross-resistance to B1 # 11 QoI fungicides ( Quinone outside Inhibitors )
butyrolactones penflufen thiophene amide inpyrfluxam
oxazolidinones thiophanate penthiopyrad isopyrazam # 11A QoI fungicides
carbendazim ( Quinone outside
Group 4 Group 8 Group 1 Group 10 Group 20
thiazole - pyridinyl - ethyl - oximino- Inhibitors );
carboxamides benzovindiflupyr cyclobutrifluram methoxy- Subgroup A
benzamides acetamides pyrametostrobin
enoxystrobin acrylates
A3: DNA / RNA synthesis (prop.) A4: DNA B3: B5: delocalisation B6: actin/myosin/fimbrin function
# 32: heteroaromatics topoisomerase ß-tubulin assembly in mitosis of spectrin-like proteins # 47 cyanoacrylates # 50 aryl-phenyl-ketones
isofetamid
pyrazine – phenyl-cyclobutyl
pyridineamide
benodanil fenaminstrobin
carboxamides coumoxystrobin
# 22 benzamides and # 43 benzamides isoflucypram picoxystrobin azoxystrobin
type II (gyrase) thiazole carboxamides
# 31: carboxylic acids pyridinylmethyl-benzamide N-cyclopropyl-N-
fluopyram Benzyl-pyrazole-
flufenoxystrobin orysastrobin metominostrobin
benzophenone thifluzamide carboxamides triclopyricarb
pyraoxystrobin tetrazolinones
pyridine - phenyl-
carboxamides pyraziflumid benzamides mepronil
dimoxystrobin
fluopimomide phenamacril pyriofenone metyltetraprole
hymexazole octhilinone oxycarboxin
zoxamide famoxadone
oxolinic acid aminocyanoacrylates benzoylpyridine kresoxim-methyl fluoxastrobin
isothiazolones (bactericide) oxathiin -
isoxazoles toluamide oxazolidine-
ethaboxam carboxamides oximino- dihydro- pyraclostrobin
metrafenone diones
carboxin pydiflumetofen acetates dioxazines
methoxy-carbamates
ethylamino-thiazole flutolanil mandestrobin pyribencarb
fluopicolide boscalid trifloxystrobin fenamidone
Group 32 Group 31 carboxamide Group 22 Group 43 Group 47 / 50 fenfuram N-methoxy-(phenyl-
furan-carboxamides ethyl)-pyrazole-carboxamides Group 7 methoxy-acetamides imidazolinones benzyl-carbamates Group 11 Group 11A

D: Amino Acid and Protein Synthesis E: Signal Transduction F: Lipid Synthesis or Transport / Membrane Integrity or Function I: Melanin Synthesis in Cell Wall
D1: methionine biosynthesis D2: protein synthesis D3: protein synthesis E1: signal transduction (mechanism unknown) E3: osmotic signal transduction F2: phospholipid biosynthesis F3: cell peroxidation (prop.) F4: cell membrane permeability, F9: lipid homeostasis I1: reductase in I2: dehydratase in I3: polyketide
(cgs gene) (proposed) (ribosome, termination step) (ribosome, initiation step) #13 azanaphthalenes  MAP / histidine kinase (os-1, Daf1)  methyltransferase # 14 aromatic hydrocarbons & heteroaromatics fatty acids (prop.) and transfer/storage melanin biosynthesis melanin biosynthesis synthase in
# 9 Anilino-Pyrimidines # 23 enopyranuronic acid # 24 hexopyranosyl antibiotics aryloxyquinoline quinazolinone # 2 dicarboximides # 6 phosphorothiolates & dithiolanes # 28 carbamates # 49 OSBPI Oxysterol binding # 16.1 Melanin Biosynthesis # 16.2 Melanin Biosynthesis melanin
( AP fungicides ) protein homologue inhibition Inhibitors: Reductase (MBI-R) Inhibitors: Dehydratase (MBI-D)
biosynthesis
aromatic isobenzo- carboxamide # 16.3 Melanin
hydrocarbons furanone Biosynthesis
Inhibitors: Polyketide
phosphorothiolates synthase (MBI-P)
dicloran
prothiocarb propamocarb
quinoxyfen proquinazid trifluoroethyl-
cyprodinil iprodione fthalide diclocymet
blasticidin-S kasugamycin carbamate
pyrazophos
tecnazene quintozene
Group 23 Group 24 Group 13 (TCNB) oxathiapiprolin pyrrolo- cyclopropane
(PCNB) iodocarb quinolione carboxamide
Group 28
chlozolinate
D4: protein synthesis D5: protein synthesis E2: osmotic signal transduction iprobenfos

(ribosome, initiation step) (ribosome, elongation step)  MAP / histidine- kinase (os-2, HOG1) biphenyl F8: ergosterol
# 25 glucopyranosyl antibiotics # 41 tetracycline antibiotics # 12 phenylpyrroles (PP- fungicides) vinclozolin binding carpropamid tolprocarb
mepanipyrim edifenphos dithiolanes pyroquilon
tolclofos- # 48 polyene
methyl chloroneb
triazolobenzo- propionamide
procymidone thiazole
fluoxapiprolin

Piperidinyl thiazole - isoxazoline

dimethachlone iso-
oxytetracycline etridiazole natamycin
pyrimethanil streptomycin fenpiclonil fludioxonil prothiolane tricyclazole
(bactericide) (pimaricin) fenoxanil
(bactericide)
1,2,4-thiadiazole
Group 9 Group 25 Group 41 Group 12 Group 2 Group 6 Group 14 Group 48 Group 49 Group 16.1 Group 16.2 Group 16.3

G: Sterol Biosynthesis in Membranes H: Cell Wall Biosynthesis P: Host Plant Defence Induction M: Chemicals
#M6 with Multi-Site Activity
sulphamides
G1: C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis (erg11/cyp51) G2: 14-reductase and  8→  7-isomerase in sterol H4: chitin synthase H5: cellulose synthase P1: salicylate related P3: salicylate related P5: anthraquinone P7: phosphonates
# 3 DMI-fungicides (DeMethylation Inhibitors) biosynthesis (erg2, erg 24) # 19 Polyoxins # 40 Carboxylic Acid Amides #P01 benzothiodiazole BTH #P03 thiadiazole carboxamide elicitors #P07 phosphonates
(SBI : Class I) # 5 Amines(“Morpholines”) (SBI : Class II) (CAA fungicides)
Peptidyl
Pyrimidine Reynoutria #P05 ethyl- Cu S
triazoles piperazines sachalinensis plant extract phosphonates
nucleoside copper
cinnamic acid preparations Sulphur chlorothalonil anilazine dithianon
(Giant Knotweed
amides Extract)
piperidines Group M01 Group M02 Group M05 Group M08 Group M09
etaconazole
isotianil fosetyl-al inorganic inorganic chloronitriles triazines anthraquinones
acibenzolar- Group P05 fosetyl-al (unspecified mechanism) (electrophiles)
S-methyl (electrophiles) (electrophiles) (unspecified mechanism)
Polyoxin dimethomorph
fenpropidin Phosphorous
azaconazole ipconazole pyridines triforine P6: microbial elicitors acid
Group 19 Group P01 #P06 H3PO3 Group M12
flumorph
piperalin thiocarbamates
fenbuconazole tebuconazole Bacterial (electrophiles)
aldimorph P2: salicylate related tiadinil Bacillus Bacillus spp. phosphorous
pyrimorph #P02 benzothiazole mycoides acid methasulfocarb
Group P07 dichlofluanid chinomethionat
spiroketal-amines Group P03 amobam
bitertanol metconazole pyrifenox (Isolate J) Group M10
fenpropimorph valinamide P8: salicylate related
carbamates quinoxalines
#P08 isothiazole
P4: polysaccharide mancozeb
(electrophiles)
fluquinconazole tetraconazole pyrimidines Fungal ferbam
pyrisoxazole elicitors Saccharomyces captan
tridemorph mandipropamid
benthiavalicarb Cell walls of spp.
Saccharomyces tolylfluanid
morpholines febram zinc thiazole
spiroxamine mandelic acid probenazole cerevisiae mancozeb
bromuconazole myclobutanil Group M06
amides #P04 Strain LAS117
dodemorph
iprovalicarb valifenalate polysaccharide sulphamides
dichlobentiazox
laminarin (electrophiles)
Group 40 Group P02 Group P04 Group P06 propineb
flusilazole triadimefon nuarimol Group 5 Group P08 fluoroimide
.
captafol Group M11
mixture of
G3:3-keto reductase G4: squalene epoxidase in metiram maneb iminoctadine
maleimides
cyproconazole propineb (electrophiles)
penconazole imidazoles fenarimol in C4-de-methylation
(erg27)
sterol biosynthesis (erg1)
# 18 (SBI : Class IV)
Unknown Mode of Action BM: Biologicals with Multiple Modes of Action and other
polyamines

# 17 (KRI fungicides •Temporary status; information on mode of action and / or resistance risk is still uncertain zineb
flutriafol triadimenol guazatine
KetoReductase BM 01: plant extract BM 02: microbial folpet
Inhibitors) (SBI : Class III) allylamines (strains of living microbes or extract, metabolites) Group M07
Group M04
hydroxyanilides thiram ziram
difenoconazole propiconazole Group M03 phthalimides
iminoctadine
imazalil bis-guanidines
Polypeptide Bacterial dithiocarbamates & relatives (electrophiles) (electrophiles) (membrane disruptors, detergents)
terbinafine Fungal
(lectin) Bacillus spp.
Trichoderma spp.
hexaconazole triticonazole triflumizole cymoxanil tecloftalam triazoxide flusulfamide diclomezine cyflufenamid Mode of action of fungicides based on the FRAC
naftifine NC : Not Specified fungicide list (FRAC Code List ©, published at Legend:
Fungal www.frac.info/publications )
Group 27 Group 34 Group 35 Group 36 Group 37 Group 06
thiocarbamates Phenols, Clonostachys spp.
fenhexamid
diniconazole simeconazole
pefurazoate
cyanoacetamide-oxime phthalamic acid benzotriazines benzene-sulfonamides pyridazinones phenyl acetamides Sesquiterpenes,
Triterpenoids, Fungal
The groupings can change when new results
become known. Colour coded boxes with same
C: Respiration mode of action group

Bacterial group code represent accepted mode of action sub-group

amino- Coumarins Coniothyrium spp. Pseudomonas spp. groups or, in cases where resistance is known,
pyrazolinones
cross resistance groups. In spite of this general
C2: inhibition of complex II:  target site of action
imibenconazole
m efentrifluconazole
oxpoconazole classification, cases of incomplete or even lacking  succinate-dehydrogenase (where known) or
Fungal Mineral oils, organic cross resistance are known within some groups # 7 SDHI (Succinate putative
Terpene oils, inorganic salts target site (=prop.)
Talaromyces spp. with some pathogens.
pyributicarb Hydrocarbons,
Bacterial material of biological dehydrogenase inhibitors)
(herbicide) Terpene alcohols origin Although details presented herein are accurate to FRAC code no. (#)
epoxiconazole tebufloquin Streptomyces spp.
prochloraz fenpyrazamine ferimzone picarbutrazox validamycin dodine and Fungal our knowledge at the time of publication, neither and group name
flutianil
prothioconazole triazolinthione Terpene phenols Saccharomyces spp. FRAC nor its member companies make any
Group U13 Group U14 Group U16 Group U17 Group U18 Group U12 chemical (sub-) group
Group 3 Group 17 Group 18 representation or warranty with regard to the thiazole carboxamides
cyano- pyrimidinone- glucopyranosyl guanidines content of this presentation, in particular with
4-quinolyl acetate tetrazolyloxime
methylene thiazolidine hydrazones antibiotic regard to its correctness and completeness.
Group BM01 Group BM02 Neither FRAC nor its member companies assume
FRAC Mode of Action Poster © This version was updated in April 2021 Group NC any liability for the content of this presentation or its
use. ---Internal Use---