Mats01G: General Mathematics: Key Concepts of Functions
Mats01G: General Mathematics: Key Concepts of Functions
Mats01G: General Mathematics: Key Concepts of Functions
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MATS01G: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
CORE SUBJECT FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Subquarter A
September 7 to 25, 2020
This set of modules was prepared by Ms. Joy S. Gutang, Senior High School faculty member of the LPU
International School. The author of the modules may be different from your actual subject teacher. Please
refer to the Class Orientation Kit for details and instructions from your subject teacher.
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any means without approval from Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite is strictly prohibited, and may be subject
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1
Dear learner,
In this module, you will see many sections but the expected
competencies that you will learn are found in the CORE CONTENT parts.
Your teacher requests that you be patient and hardworking as you use this
learning kit. Teacher wants you to read all the definitions, explanations, and
even the side notes. This way, you will see that this module has been
designed to help you learn everything that you need to learn as though your
teacher is speaking to you in person and explaining to you all the processes
and solutions. You must take the challenge and learn from the illustrative and
solved examples.
General Directions
To help you attain the objectives of this module, you may try following
the steps below.
First, carefully read each lesson on this module. Should there be
times that you need to read again parts of the lesson, go ahead!
Second, read and follow instructions honestly. Read the notes in red
font in the left side of some pertinent ideas and examples.
Third, answer the in-text activities and the TRY THESE sections. It
is expected that some parts may be challenging for you as new
lessons will be learned in this module.
Fourth, read the SUMMARY and generalizations as well.
Lastly, you may check answers to each activity. An Answer Key is
provided.
If you follow these tips, for sure, you will enjoy learning. Good Luck!
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2
LESSON 1
Representing Real - life Situations using
Functions
This module lesson is equivalent to 2 class meetings. It is essential that you review
the topic FUNCTIONS from your junior years to better understand this topic.
Let’s recall!
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (the range). It is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥 𝑦).
A function is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no two ordered pairs
have the same x-value but different y-values. Using functional notation, we can
write 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦, read as “𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑦”. In particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered
pair associated with the function f, then we say that 𝑓 (1) = 2, from 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
Simply substitute x by 1 and y by 2.
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For the next questions, write your answers in the spaces provided. If you
can’t answer them yet, it’s alright, just come back here after completing
this lesson. You’ll see then that you have learned something and that
these are even too easy for you to answer.
A jeepney ride costs a minimum of 9.00 pesos for the first four
kilometers, and each additional kilometer adds 1.50 pesos to the fare.
LESSON PROPER:
Key Idea:
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered
pairs have the same x-value but different y-values.
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Function Notation:
Graph
continues
in the
direction of
the arrow.
Graph
continues
in the
direction of
the arrow.
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Representations of a function:
Examples:
C. Verbal D. Algebraic
To use the vertical line test, draw a line parallel to the y-axis for any
chosen value of x. If the vertical line you drew intersects the graph more
than once for any value of x then the graph is not the graph of a function.
Examples:
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Example
Try to notice the trend of variables number of apples and cost.
Number of apples 2 4 6 8 10
Cost (Php) 20 40 60 80 100
Solution:
You pay Php 20 for 2 apples, Php 40 for 4 apples, Php 60 for 6
apples, . . .. That means that each apple costs Php 10.
Now, using the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟎𝒙, we can easily predict additional
values. For instance, if you buy 30 apples, 𝒇(𝟑𝟎) = 𝟏𝟎(𝟑𝟎) =
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒔
A jeepney ride costs a minimum of 9.00 pesos for the first four
kilometers, and each additional kilometer adds 1.50 pesos to the fare.
Answers:
b) For 8 kilometers, a commuter must pay 9.00 pesos for the first 4 km,
plus 1.50(4) for the remaining 4 km. In total,
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Evaluate a function
9.00 + (𝑥 − 4)(1.50), 𝑥 ≥ 4
Using the same function 𝑓(𝑥) = { }, we can
9.00 ,𝑥 < 4
now compute for the fare easily. We simply substitute x by the distance (in km),
then solve. This is called evaluation of the function, the process of giving value
to x to solve for y. Simply input x value to solve for the y value which is the
output. I this situation, the variables are distance (x) and fare (y).
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3. If the distance from your home to school is 14 km, how much is the fare?
Solution:
Given: x = 14
Since 14 is greater than 4, we must use the first function which is
the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 9.00 + (𝑥 − 4)(1.50).
Evaluate:
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 9.00 + (𝑥 − 4)(1.50)
𝑓 (14) = 9.00 + (14 − 4)(1.50)
𝑓 (14) = 9.00 + (10)(1.50)
𝑓 (14) = 9.00 + 15.00
𝒇(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟎𝟎
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10
A. Use the vertical line test to determine whether the graph represents a
function or not. Write F on the line provided for function and N for not.
1. 2.
ans:_______________ ans:_______________
3. 4.
ans:_______________ ans:_______________
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Process Questions
1. How did you answer the problem above? What concept did you use to
solve it?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. After learning about formulation and evaluation of function, can you share
any technique that you have developed in answering problems about this
topic?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. Share a situation that people encounter in everyday life that you think
functions can be applied and be useful.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
D. Answer the questions and supply the answers to the questions and
problems below.
You just got hired on your very first job and the HR Dept. told
you that you will earn 100 pesos per hour for the first 40 hrs. of work
and150 pesos per hour for work in excess of 40 hrs.
4. On your first week you worked for 45 hours. How much will you receive for
that said week?
5. On your second week you earned 6,250 pesos. How much overtime did you
work?
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LESSON 2
Algebra of Functions
This module lesson is equivalent to two class meetings. It is essential that you review
about operations with integers and variables from your junior years to better understand
this topic.
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15
LESSON PROPER
Example
Given
• A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 • 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
• 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 7 • ℎ(𝑥) =
𝑥+7
2−𝑥
• 𝑣(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4
Solution
Combine
like terms
then
simplify
Find the
LCD,
perform
operations,
combine
like terms,
then
simplify.
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Given
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 • 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
• 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1 • ℎ(𝑥) =
𝑥+2
𝑥−1
• 𝑣(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4 𝑥+3
• 𝑠(𝑥) =
5−𝑥
Solution:
𝑥+2 Imagine (2x - 1) has
(2𝑥 − 1) + a denominator 1.
a) (𝑝 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
(𝑝 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3
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This is just 𝑔
like d) ( ) (𝑥) =
𝑓
dividing
counting
numbers.
STEP 1
Divide the 1st term of the dividend by the 1st term
of the divisor. Write the answer atop.
STEP 2
Multiply the answer by the divisor. Both terms
this time. Write the product below the dividend.
STEP 3
Subtract the product from STEP 2 then bring
down next term.
REPEAT STEP 1
The difference from STEP 3 becomes the new
dividend. Its 1st term divided by the divisor’s 1st
term, the answer should be written next to our 1st
answer (x).
REPEAT STEP 2
Multiply the new answer by both terms of the
divisor. Write the product below the answer from
STEP 3.
LAST STEP
Subtract. If there is a remainder, it should be
added to the final answer. But for this example,
there is none. So, our final answer is 𝒙 − 𝟐.
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Replace all
𝑥 in 𝑔(𝑥)
Example 1
by the
function
𝑓(𝑥) Solution
Example 2
Solution
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Example 3
Solution
Example 4
Solution
𝐹 𝘰 𝑓 (𝑥) = |2(−3) + 1| + 1
= |−6 + 1| + 1
The = |−5| + 1
absolute
value of - 5 = 5+1
is positive 𝐹𝘰𝑓 = 6
5. Solution
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Directions: Write your answers in the next page. Show your solution and
enclose each final answer in a box. Answers must be in lowest term and in
simplified form. Arrage the terms properly.
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙𝟐
𝒉(𝒙 ) = 𝒙 + 𝟑
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SUMMARY
• To solve for a specific function value, we determine the input values that
yield the specific output value.
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GLOSSARY
range - the set of output values that result from the input values in a
relation
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A. a)
1. F 1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6.
2. F 2. −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4
3. N 3. 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5
4. F 𝑥−5
4.
𝑥 2 −1
𝑥 2 −1
5.
𝑥−5
B. 1. b)
60 1−𝑥 2 1 2
1. or (𝑥) -1
greater than, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 30𝑥 𝑥2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 30𝑥
𝑓 (60) = 30(60) 2. undefined
𝑓(60) = 1, 800
The admission fee for 60 3. 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2
people is Php 1,800
B. 2. c)
The group can save 215.00 1. 10𝑥 2 + 1
pesos if they can recruit one
more. 2. 20𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 5
C. (1-3)
All answers are correct 3. 5𝑥 2 + 3
D.
1. no. of hours of work 4. 2𝑥 + 7
2. salary
150(𝑥 − 40) + 4,000 , 𝑥 > 40
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = {100𝑥 , 𝑥 ≤ 40
}
4. Php 4,750
5. 15
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SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net/glynpanela/general-mathematics-module-1-
review-onfunctions
https://www.slideshare.net/hisema01/27-piecewise-
functions15074770?next_slideshow=1
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