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8.
1 Scissors
Perform cutting tests with our testing material. Scissors must not snag
the test material. Scissors must not bind when cutting appropriate layers.
The heavier the scissors, the more layers of material they must cut. The
blades must run smoothly, without much hesitation in the closing
process. Check for burrs, especially at the tip of cutting edge. If present,
hesitation will usually result when closing the scissors. Make sure screw
lock is secure and proper play exists when opened.
8.2 Forceps
Check against a light source to ensure that no substantial amount of light
passes through closed jaws. Do clamp tests by pressing the jaws
together on a plastic surface. The impression on the plastic should be
clear and consistent. Teeth must fit together closely. Jaws must be
aligned correctly. Ratchets must engage crisply, yet smoothly. When
ratchets are engaged at the first ratchet they should not open when the
instrument is lightly tapped against the edge of a table.
8.3 Needle Holders

The jaws of needle holders must close tightly so that little or no light
shines through the front 2/3 of the closed jaws. Must hold suture
material. Do ratchet and clamp tests as with forceps.
8.4 Retractors
Check ratchets for proper holding action. Check tips for sharp, blunt or
semisharp edge. Check all edges for nonfunctional sharpness. Make
sure mechanisms work smoothly, e.g., thumb ratchets, etc. Check
holding power with ratchet engaged. Make sure ratchet teeth engage
properly.A16
8.5 Cutting Forceps

Perform cutting tests with the appropriate testing material. Generally,
cutting forceps are required to cut cleanly with the front half of the jaws.
Make sure tips close properly from the top to the middle of the jaws.
Make sure cutting edges don't spread at the very tip when jaws are
closed.
8.6 Pin and Wire Cutters

Perform cutting tests with the appropriate pin or wire according to
maximum capacity etched on instruments.
8.7 Implant Management Instruments

Instruments used to implant wires, screws and plates are subject to very
strict dimensional and functional inspections because they have to mate
in the field with a variety of other implants and instruments, often made
by different manufacturers. A screwdriver which does not fit the head of
a screw is useless.
See charts at the beginning of Section R in our Orthopedic Sourcebook
for a guide on how the instruments fit together.
8.8 Dimension
Overall Length
Overall length is measured with different tools, depending on the
tolerance required. It is possible that some instruments will vary as
much as 1/2" from the length specified in the Sourcebook description.
This is true only in cases where the overall length is not critical. Thus an
instrument listed as 6" long may actually be between 5 1/2" and 6 1/2"
long. This variance is industry convention, and is the result of metric
European sizes being rounded off when converted to inches. To ensure
pattern consistency, we also compare the overall length to our master
sample or drawing to verify the correct length.A17
Critical Dimensions
Tip details and other important dimensions are measured with calipers,
micrometers or other specially built gauges and must meet
predetermined tolerances.
Once instruments have gone through this inspection process, they are
qualified to be KMedic Certified and they are ready to be used.A18B1
Section B
9. Classification by Usage
Surgical instruments are designed to perform either diagnostic or
therapeutic operations¾to locate the cause of a problem, or to treat a
problem once it has been found. Each of the tens of thousands of
surgical instruments is designed to perform a specific function. Those
functions may be generally categorized under one of the following uses:
to cut or incise:
Instruments used for this purpose are frequently referred to as “sharps”.
They include scissors, knives, scalpels, chisels and osteotomes, among
others.
to retract:
Hand-held and self-retaining retractors serve this purpose, as well as
instruments such as skin and bone hooks.
to grasp, hold or occlude:

These include the many types of forceps, including hemostats, dressing
and tissue forceps, as well as bone holding forceps. Also included in this
group are needle holders.
to dilate or probe:
These instruments are used to dilate or enlarge openings or to find an
area or foreign object.
to cannulate or drain:
These instruments¾including catheters, drains and cannulas, are
generally used to drain a wound.
to aspirate, inject or infuse:

These instruments serve to remove unwanted fluids as well as to inject
needed fluids into a patient. Among these instruments¾syringes, some
needles, trocars and cannulas.
to suture or ligate:
Suture or ligation is used to close or rejoin a wound or an area of
operation, e.g., a vessel, a nerve or tissue. There are a variety of
sutures and clips, as well as suture needles and ligating instruments.

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8.

8.3 Needle Holders

8.5 Cutting Forceps

8.6 Pin and Wire Cutters

8.7 Implant Management Instruments

to grasp, hold or occlude:

to aspirate, inject or infuse:

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