What is Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server?

SharePoint Portal Server is a portal server that connects people, teams, and
knowledge across business processes. SharePoint Portal Server integrates
information from various systems into one secure solution through single
sign-on and enterprise application integration capabilities. It provides flexible
deployment and management tools, and facilitates end-to-end collaboration
through data aggregation, organization, and searching. SharePoint Portal
Server also enables users to quickly find relevant information through
customization and personalization of portal content and layout as well as
through audience targeting.

What is Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services?

Windows SharePoint Services is the solution that enables you to create Web
sites for information sharing and document collaboration. Windows
SharePoint Services " a key piece of the information worker infrastructure
delivered in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 " provides additional
functionality to the Microsoft Office system and other desktop applications,
and it serves as a platform for application development.
Office SharePoint Server 2007 builds on top of Windows SharePoint Services
3.0 to provide additional capabilities including collaboration, portal, search,
enterprise content management, business process and forms, and business
intelligence.

What are the advantages of jQuery

The advantages of using jQuery are:

1. JavaScript enhancement without the overhead of learning new syntax
2. Ability to keep the code simple, clear, readable and reusable
3. Eradication of the requirement of writing repetitious and complex loops
and DOM scripting library calls

What is JQuery

JQuery is a light weight JavaScript library which provides fast and easy way
of HTML DOM traversing and manipulation, its event handling, its client side
animations, etc. One of the greatest features of jQuery is that jQuery
supports an efficient way to implement AJAX applications because of its light
weight nature and make normalize and efficient web programs.

The IHttpHandler and IHttpHandlerFactory interfaces ?

 The IHttpHandler interface is implemented by all the handlers. The interface consists of one property
called IsReusable. The IsReusable property gets a value indicating whether another request can use
the IHttpHandler instance. The method ProcessRequest() allows you to process the current request.
This is the core place where all your code goes. This method receives a parameter of type HttpContext
using which you can access the intrinsic objects such as Request and Response. The
IHttpHandlerFactory interface consists of two methods - GetHandler and ReleaseHandler. The
GetHandler() method instantiates the required HTTP handler based on some condition and returns it
back to ASP.NET. The ReleaseHandler() method allows the factory to reuse an existing handler.

Does .NET CLR and SQL SERVER run in different process?

Dot Net CLR and all .net realtes application and Sql Server run in same
process or we can say that that on the same address because there is no
issue of speed because if these two process are run in different process then
there may be a speed issue created one process goes fast and other slow
may create the problem.

What do you mean by three-tier architecture?

The three-tier architecture was comes into existence to improve management of code and contents
and to improve the performance of the web based applications. There are mainly three layers in three-
tier architecture. the are define as follows
(1)Presentation
(2)Business Logic
(3)Database
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]-->
(1)First layer Presentation contains mainly the interface code, and this is shown to user. This code
could contain any technology that can be used on the client side like HTML, JavaScript or VBScript etc.

<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]-->
(2)Second layer is Business Logic which contains all the code of the server-side .This layer have code
to interact with database and to query, manipulate, pass data to user interface and handle any input
from the UI as well.
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]-->
(3)Third layer Data represents the data store like MS Access, SQL Server, an XML file, an Excel file or
even a text file containing data also some additional database are also added to that layers.

<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]-->

When not to use Design Patterns

Do not use design patterns in any of the following situations.

• When the software being designed would not change with time.
• When the requirements of the source code of the application are unique.

If any of the above applies in the current software design, there is no need to apply design
patterns in the current design and increase unnecessary complexity in the design.
 When to use Design Patterns

Design Patterns are particularly useful in one of the following scenarios.

• When the software application would change in due course of time.

• When the application contains source code that involves object creation
and event notification.

Benefits of Design Patterns

The following are some of the major advantages of using Design Patterns in
software development.

• Flexibility
• Adaptability to change
• Reusability

What are Design Patterns?

A Design Pattern essentially consists of a problem in a software design and a

solution to the same. In Design Patterns each pattern is described with its
name, the motivation behind the pattern and its applicability.
According to MSDN, "A design pattern is a description of a set of interacting
classes that provide a framework for a solution to a generalized problem in a
specific context or environment. In other words, a pattern suggests a
solution to a particular problem or issue in object-oriented software
development.

What is IIS Metabase? How to edit IIS metabase? How to

backup IIS metabase file?

IIS metabase is the repository of the configuration values that are set in the
Internet Information Server (IIS). The IIS metabase in an XML file. It may
be controlled through program or manually too.

In order to edit IIS metabase entries, the user needs to have administrative
rights on the system. To do this, in run window, type "inetmgr". Browse to
"Local Computer" and right click it. Click on "Properties". Select the "Enable
Direct Metabase Edit" check box.

Many times, due to the existence of multiple versions of .NET framework,

some settings in the IIS metabase may get affected and cause your program
not to run. For such scenarios, you may take a backup of the IIS metabase
XML file and recover it. To create a portable backup, open run window and
 type "inetmgr". Next browse to "Local Computer" and go to "All Tasks".
Next, click on Backup/Restore Configuration. Next, click on "Create Backup".
In the textbox box for Configuration Backup name, type a name for your
backup file. Also select the encrypt backup option and type a password. To
finish the process, click "OK".

Describe the Provider Model in ASP.NET 2.0?

The Provider model in ASP.NET 2.0 is based on the Provider Design Pattern
that was created in the year 2002 and later implemented in the .NET
Framework 2.0.

The Provider Model supports automatic creation of users and their respective
roles by creating entries of them directly in the SQL Server (May even use
MS Access and other custom data sources). So actually, this model also
supports automatically creating the user table's schema.

The Provider model has 2 security providers in it: Membership provider and
Role Provider. The membership provider saves inside it the user name (id)
and corresponding passwords, whereas the Role provider stores the Roles of
the users.

For SQL Server, the SqlMembershipProvider is used, while for MS Access,

the AccessMembershipProvider is used. The Security settings may be set
using the website adminstration tool. Automatically, the
AccessMembershipProvider creates a Microsoft Access database file named
aspnetdb.mdb inside the application's App_Data folder. This contains 10
tables.

Explain about Generics?

Generics are not a completely new construct; similar concepts exist with
other languages. For example, C++ templates can be compared to generics.
However, there's a big difference between C++ templates and .NET
generics. With C++ templates the source code of the template is required
when a template is instantiated with a specific type. Contrary to C++
templates, generics are not only a construct of the C# language; generics
are defined with the CLR. This makes it possible to instantiate generics with
a specific type in Visual Basic even though the generic class was defined with
C#.

New Features of Visual Studio 2008 for .NET Professionals

 1. LINQ Support

LINQ essentially is the composition of many standard query operators that

allow you to work with data in a more intuitive way regardless.

The benefits of using LINQ are significant – Compile time checking C#

language queries, and the ability to debug step by step through queries.

2. Expression Blend Support

Expression blend is XAML generator tool for silverlight applications. You can
install Expression blend as an embedded plug-in to Visual Studio 2008. By
this you can get extensive web designer and JavaScript tool.

3. Windows Presentation Foundation

WPF provides you an extensive graphic functionality you never seen these
before. Visual Studio 2008 contains plenty of WPF Windows Presentation
Foundation Library templates. By this a visual developer who is new to .NET,
C# and VB.NET can easily develop the 2D and 3D graphic applications.

Visual Studio 2008 provides free game development library kits for games
developers. currently this game development kits are available for C++ and
also 2D/3D Dark Matter one image and sounds sets.

4. VS 2008 Multi-Targeting Support

Earlier you were not able to working with .NET 1.1 applications directly in
visual studio 2005. Now in Visual studio 2008 you are able to create, run,
debug the .NET 2.0, .NET 3.0 and .NET 3.5 applications. You can also deploy
.NET 2.0 applications in the machines which contains only .NET 2.0 not .NET
3.x.

5. AJAX support for ASP.NET

Previously developer has to install AJAX control library separately that does
not come from VS, but now if you install Visual Studio 2008, you can built-in
AJAX control library. This Ajax Library contains plenty of rich AJAX controls
like Menu, TreeView, webparts and also these components support JSON and
VS 2008 contains in built ASP.NET AJAX Control Extenders.

6. JavaScript Debugging Support

Since starting of web development all the developers got frustration with
solving javascript errors. Debugging the error in javascript is very difficult.
Now Visual Studio 2008 makes it is simpler with javascript debugging. You
can set break points and run the javaScript step by step and you can watch
the local variables when you were debugging the javascript and solution
explorer provides javascript document navigation support.

7. Nested Master Page Support

Already Visual Studio 2005 supports nested master pages concept with .NET
2.0, but the problem with this Visual Studio 2005 that pages based on
nested masters can't be edited using WYSIWYG web designer. But now in VS
2008 you can even edit the nested master pages.

8. LINQ Intellisense and Javascript Intellisense support for

silverlight applications

Most happy part for .NET developers is Visual Studio 2008 contains
intellisense support for javascript. Javascript Intellisense makes developers
life easy when writing client side validation, AJAX applications and also when
writing Silverlight applications

Intellisense Support: When we are writing the LINQ Query VS provides LINQ
query syntax as tool tips.

9. Organize Imports or Usings: We have Organize Imports feature

already in Eclipse. SInce many days I have been waiting for this feature
even in VS. Now VS contains Organize Imports feature which removes
unnecessary namespaces which you have imported. You can select all the
namespaces and right click on it, then you can get context menu with
Organize imports options like "Remove Unused Usings", "Sort Usings",
"Remove and Sort". Refactoring support for new .NET 3.x features like
Anonymous types, Extension Methods, Lambda Expressions.

10. Intellisense Filtering: Earlier in VS 2005 when we were typing with

intellisense box all the items were being displayed. For example If we type
the letter 'K' then intellisense takes you to the items starts with 'K' but also
all other items will be presented in intellisense box. Now in VS 2008 if you
press 'K' only the items starts with 'K' will be filtered and displayed.

11. Intellisense Box display position

Earlier in some cases when you were typing the an object name and
pressing . (period) then intellisense was being displayed in the position of
the object which you have typed. Here the code which we type will go back
 to the dropdown, in this case sometimes programmer may disturb to what
he was typing. Now in VS 2008 If you hold the Ctrl key while the intellisense
is dropping down then intellisense box will become semi-transparent mode.

12. Visual Studio 2008 Split View

VS 205 has a feature show both design and source code in single window.
but both the windows tiles horizontally. In VS 2008 we can configure this
split view feature to vertically, this allows developers to use maximum
screen on laptops and wide-screen monitors.

Here one of the good feature is if you select any HTML or ASP markup text in
source window automatically corresponding item will be selected in design
window.

13. HTML JavaScript warnings, not as errors: VS 2005 mixes HTML

errors and C# and VB.NET errors and shows in one window. Now VS 2008
separates this and shows javascript and HTML errors as warnings. But this is
configurable feature.

14. Debugging .NET Framework Library Source Code:

Now in VS 2008 you can debug the source code of .NET Framework Library
methods. Lets say If you want to debug the DataBind() method of DataGrid
control you can place a debugging point over there and continue with debug
the source code of DataBind() method.

15. In built Silverlight Library

Earlier we used to install silverlight SDK separately, Now in VS 2008 it is

inbuilt, with this you can create, debug and deploy the silverlight
applications.

16. Visual Studio LINQ Designer

Already you know in VS 2005 we have inbuilt SQL Server IDE feature. by
this you no need to use any other tools like SQL Server Query Analyzer and
SQL Server Enterprise Manger. You have directly database explorer by this
you can create connections to your database and you can view the tables
and stored procedures in VS IDE itself. But now in VS 2008 it has View
Designer window capability with LINQ-to-SQL.

17. Inbuilt C++ SDK

 Earlier It was so difficult to download and configure the C++ SDK Libraries
and tools for developing windows based applications. Now it is inbuilt with
VS 2008 and configurable

18. Multilingual User Interface Architecture - MUI

MUI is an architecture contains packages from Microsoft Windows and

Microsoft Office libraries. This supports the user to change the text language
display as he wish.

Visual Studio is now in English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Chinese

Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, and Korean. Over the next couple
of months. Microsoft is reengineering the MUI which supports nine local
languages then you can even view Visual studio in other 9 local languages.

19. Microsoft Popfly Support

Microsoft Popfly explorer is an add-on to VS 2008, by this directly you can

deploy or hosting the Silverlight applications and Marshup objects

What do you know about BCL?

The BCL (Base Class Library) is a combination of classes or we can say that
it’s a library of functionalities and types available to all languages that used
in .NET Framework. To make the programmer job more easier dot net gave
a advantage to includes the BCL in order to collect a large number of
common functions, just like to read a file and write to file, graphic rendering,
database interaction, and XML document manipulation at one place . The
scope of this is large and standard libraries for most other languages,
including C++, and would be comparable in scope to the standard libraries is
just like Java. The BCL is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the
Framework Class Library (FCL), which is a superset including the Microsoft
namespaces.

In Assembly which work as GacBrowser ?

The GACPicker class allows the user to select an assembly from the Global
Assembly Cache. It does this by looking at the filesystem representation of
the GAC, since there appears to be no actual API in the current .NET
environment.
 What is purpose of Assembly Linker or define SDK Tool in
.NET Framework?

In .NET whole the working should be with the helps of DLLs.So all of Visual
Studio .Net compilers gernate assemblies or u can say dll.If we want to
create an assembly with manifest of a module.We can also put this assembly
in seprate file.This AL tol gernate a file with an assembly manifest from
modules or resources fles.The syntax of using Al.exe is   al [sources]
[options]
This tool helps in creating multi-file assembly outside Visual Studio .Net .This
multi file can contain modules that are written in diffrenet langauage in one
application.

Describe the term Channel in .Net Remoting

In .Net Remoting, an application use Channel to send message to another

application which is runing in different domain or process. Before sending
message, Channel converts message into appropriate format like XML or
binary format. The channel that carries message(Mashalled parameter) can
use protocal like TCP and HTTP. Channel can be HTTPChannel and
TCPChannel. The HTTPChannel use soapFormatter to serialize messages into
the XML format using SOAP protocal. Using SOAP method allows the client to
call method on the remote object that might not be using .Net framework.
The TCPChannel use binaryFormatter to serialize message into binary
stream.

Describe the type of remotable objects in .Net Remoting.

Marshal-by-value-objects - When client calls a method on marshal-by-

value-object, the remoting system creates a copy of this object and passes
the copy to the client application domain. The copy hence received can
handle any method call in client domain. Using Marshal-by-value-object
reduces resource consuming trip across network.
Marshal-by-reference-object - When client calls a method on Marshal by
reference object, the remoting system create proxy object in the caller
application that contains the reference of all method and properties of the
object.

What are the remotable and non-remotable objects in .Net

Remoting.

The remotable objects are the objects which can be distributed accross
domains, can be used with domain. The non-remotable objects are the
objects which can't be distributed accross domains. In distributed system, if
an object is very big, we can make it non-remotable object.

What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in

System.Runtime.Remoting?

None. Security should be taken care of at the application level. Cryptography

and other security techniques can be applied at application or server level.

What are the consideration in deciding to use .NET Remoting

or ASP.NET Web Services?

Remoting is a more efficient communication exchange when you can control

both ends of the application involved in the communication process. Web
Services provide an open-protocol-based exchange of informaion. Web
Services are best when you need to communicate with an external
organization or another (non-.NET) technology.

Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to

use a web service as opposed to a non-serviced .NET
component?

When to use Web Service:

1. Communicating through a Firewall When building a distributed application

with 100s/1000s of users spread over multiple locations, there is always the
problem of communicating between client and server because of firewalls
and proxy servers. Exposing your middle tier components as Web Services
and invoking the directly from a Windows UI is a very valid option.

2. Application Integration When integrating applications written in various

languages and running on disparate systems. Or even applications running
on the same platform that have been written by separate vendors.

3. Business-to-Business Integration This is an enabler for B2B intergtation

which allows one to expose vital business processes to authorized supplier
and customers. An example would be exposing electronic ordering and
invoicing, allowing customers to send you purchase orders and suppliers to
send you invoices electronically.

4. Software Reuse This takes place at multiple levels. Code Reuse at the
Source code level or binary componet-based resuse. The limiting factor here
is that you can reuse the code but not the data behind it. Webservice
 overcome this limitation. A scenario could be when you are building an app
that aggregates the functionality of serveral other Applicatons. Each of these
functions could be performed by individual apps, but there is value in
perhaps combining the the multiple apps to present a unifiend view in a
Portal or Intranet.

When not to use Web Services:

1. Single machine Applicatons When the apps are running on the same
machine and need to communicate with each other use a native API. You
also have the options of using component technologies such as COM or .NET
Componets as there is very little overhead.

2. Homogeneous Applications on a LAN If you have Win32 or Winforms apps

that want to communicate to their server counterpart. It is much more
efficient to use DCOM in the case of Win32 apps and .NET Remoting in the
case of .NET Apps.

Third Party ASP.NET Grid control

ComponentArt Grid for ASP.NET

Features and Benefits

Advanced Client Programming: Powerful client-side API featuring

Microsoft AJAX library syntax allows for total control over structure and data,
with persistence to the server.

Widest ASP.NET Framework Support: ComponentArt Grid is available for

ASP.NET 1.0, ASP.NET 2.0, ASP.NET AJAX and ASP.NET 3.5.

Comprehensive AJAX Support: Paging, sorting, filtering, grouping, and

editing can be performed through AJAX callbacks - without reloading the
page.

Multi-mode Operation: ComponentArt Grid features the ability to operate

in Client, Callback, and Server modes.

Client-side Templates: Client-side templates dramatically decrease page

footprint and enable innovative new features such as real-time data
previewing while paging.
Fast and Lightweight: ComponentArt Grid offers the lightest page footprint
and fastest performance in the industry.
Cross-Browser Compatibility: Supports IE5-7, Firefox 1-2, Netscape 7-8,
Mozillas, Opera 8-9, Safari 1.

Other Features: Column resizing and reordering, hierarchical display of

tables, selection of multiple records, record editing, conditional formatting,
context menus, and keyboard control.

Refrence by : ComponentArt

ASPxGridView Suite

We can tell you that it is blazing fast, dependable, and fully optimized. We
can tell you that it has no match in the marketplace and we can show you
that whether you have 1000 rows to display or 1 million, the ASPxGridView
can make advanced UI features such as sorting, grouping, and summary
computations available without bringing your server to its knees. We can tell
you all of these things, but it might be better to hear it from an independent
source...One that in a recent review said the ASPxGridView has "No
Competition".

Features and Benefits

Blazing Fast Data Mining and Analysis Features

AJAX-enabled Features and API
Data Editing
Additional Capabilities and Features

ASP.NET Shared Framework

Shared Framework Overview

AJAX-Enabled Features and API
Miscellaneous Features
ASP.NET Themes
XHTML Compliance

Refrence by : devexpress

WebGrid for ASP.NET

WebGrid™ is a full featured, search engine-friendly, hierarchical AJAX grid

control for ASP.NET 2.0 (and up) that allows binding and professional display
of your data in whatever style or manner best fits your needs. AJAX
 functionality built into the WebGrid provides benefits such as allowing the
data grid to automatically and quietly send AJAX requests (on client
browsers that support this technology) so that behind the scenes it can
repaint the UI and provide a rich and responsive user experience. The many
capabilities of the WebGrid make it ideal for users that need to work
interactively with data exposed by your Web application. These features
include ASP.NET templates for rows and columns, sorting, filtering, group-
by, scrolling columns while one or more other columns are fixed in place,
and many other features.

Rich Data Entry

When you combine the presentation of WebGrid with the embeddable editors
in our set of WebEditors™ you can produce a rich data entry application in
no time. You can embed the masked editor, numeric editor, date time editor,
date dropdown, and custom button into any grid column. The WebCombo™
allows editing grid column values through powerful multi-column selection
lists, with type-ahead, and many features like fade-in effects, shadows, and
alpha blending where supported by the browser.

Features at a Glance

No-Touch AJAX Control - With zero code, enable AJAX for the grid control to
supercharge your users' scrolling, sorting, paging and hierarchical
navigation.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) - By detecting over twenty different

crawlers and then generating search engine-friendly HTML output, the
WebGrid increases your data's visibility for better search engine rankings.

High Performance - We have optimized our rendering to include as little

HTML as possible and leverage industry-standards like CSS to reduce inline
styles, plus, you don't need to enable ViewState to execute all of the
functionality inherent in our ASP.NET grid control.

Spreadsheet Support - Excel copy and paste along with exporting to (or
reading from) Excel makes transferring data a breeze. Column pinning,
stationary headers, and row filtering make viewing deep flat and hierarchical
data a pleasurable experience.

Client Side Object Model (CSOM) - Manipulate virtually any WebGrid object
on the client in JavaScript using the CSOM in conjunction with the grid being
an AJAX control capable of creating the richest possible client side
experience.
Custom Navigation - Using WebNavBar™, our custom hierarchical data grid
navigation control for ASP.NET, you can give your users additional
navigation choices not available in standard paging scenarios.

Application Styling - We provide an entire library of style sets with which you
can adorn your ASP.NET Web site with a professional look or common
functional style (Office 2007, Mac and others). Application Styling can apply
coordinated color schemes, creative border solutions, decorative imagery
and fonts with as little as one setting, or you can create and share your own
with our very intuitive NetAdvantage AppStylist® tool for ASP.NET.
Browser Support - Internet Explorer 6.0 and above, and FireFox 1.0 and
above (both Windows and Mac).
Section 508 Compliance - Our ASP.NET grid control is in full compliance with
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 Sub-section 508 regarding information
access for people with disabilities.

Refrence by : Infragistics

RadGrid for ASP.NET AJAX

RadGrid for ASP.NET AJAX is the fastest and most feature-rich Datagrid for
ASP.NET, designed to provide desktop-like user experience with minimum
HTML output. RadGrid provides real-time performance as well as almost
codeless development experience for a rich variety of features.

Key Features

Codeless Development Experience

Powerful Databinding
Unbeatable Performance
Extensive VS.NET Design-time Support
Hierarchical Grids
Outlook-style Grouping
Rich Data editing controls
Extensive Client-Side Functionality
Exporting Data
Search Engine Optimization
Client-side databinding with LINQ to SQL

Refrence by : telerik
 obout ASP.NET Grid

Key Features

Impressive Performance: millions of records in 2 seconds

Rich Design-Time support
ASP.NET AJAX compatible
Cross-browser compatible

Sorting
Simple sorting
Multi-column sorting

Record selection
Single record selection
Multi-record selection
Keeping selected records when chanhing the page

Templates
Templates for displaying data
Templates for Add/Edit controls
Templates for the Filter

Row Templates
Using Scrollbars
Vertical with Fixed Headers
Horizontal
Both

Grouping
Grouping the records
Displaying information for each group

Localization
Localize the Grid to any language

Rich Design-Time Support

Configure data-source
Add/Edit/Delete columns
Configure appearance
Configure general settings
Add/Edit/Delete templates
Browse online resources
 Paging
Paging
Manual paging
Customizing number of pages
Customizing page-size selector

Much more

Refrence by : Obout

What is Com Marshler and its importance in .NET ?

Com Marshler is one of useful component of CLR. Its Task is to marshal data
between Managed and Unmanaged environment .It helps in representation
of data accross diffrenet execution enviroment.It performs the conversion of
data format between manage and unmanaged code.By the helps of Com
Marshlar CLR allows manage code to interoperate with unmanaged code.

Can you define what is SharePoint and some overview about

this ?

SharePoint helps workers for  creating  powerful personalized interfaces only

by dragging and drop pre-defined Web Part Components. And these Web
Parts components also helps non programmers to get information which care
and customize the appearance of Web pages. To under stand it we take an
example  one Web Part might display a user's information another might
create a graph showing current employee status  and a third might show a
list of Employees Salary. This is also possible that each functions has a link
to a video or audio presentation.So now  Developers are unable to  create
these Web Part components and make them available to SharePoint users.

What you thing about the WebPortal ?

Web portal is nothing but a page that allows a user to customize his/her
homepage. We can use Widgets to create that portal we have only to drag
and drop widgets on the page. The user can set his Widgets on any where
on the page where he has to get them. Widgets are nothing but a page area
that helps particular function to response. Widgets example are address
books, contact lists, RSS feeds, clocks, calendars, play lists, stock tickers,
weather reports, traffic reports, dictionaries, games and another such
beautiful things that we can not imagine. We can also say Web Parts in
Share Point Portal. These are one of Ajax-Powered.
 Does .NET CLR and SQL SERVER run in different process?

Dot Net CLR and all .net realtes application and Sql Server run in same
process or we can say that that on the same address because there is no
issue of speed because if these two process are run in different process then
there may be a speed issue created one process goes fast and other slow
may create the problem.

Define SMTPclient class in DotNet framework class libarary?

Each classes in dotnet framework inclue some properties,method and

events.These properties ,methods and events are member of a
class.SMTPclient class mainly concern with sending mail.This class contain
the folling member.
Properties:-
Host:-The name or IP address of email server.
Port:-Port that is use when sending mail.
Methods:-
Send:-Enables us to send email synchronously.
SendAsynchronous:-Enables us to send an email asynchronously.
Event:-
SendCompleted:-This event raised when an asynchronous send opertion
completes.

What do you mean by three-tier architecture?

The three-tier architecture was comes into existence to improve

management of code and contents and to improve the performance of the
web based applications.There are mainly three layers in three-tier
architecture.the are define as follows
(1)Presentation
(2)Business Logic
(3)Database
(1)First layer Presentation contains mainly the interface code, and this is
shown to user. This code could contain any technology that can be used on
the client side like HTML, JavaScript or VBScript etc.
(2)Second layer is Business Logic which contains all the code of the server-
side .This layer have code to interact with database database and to query,
manipulate, pass data to user interface and handle any input from the UI as
well.
(3)Third layer Data represents the data store like MS Access, SQL Server, an
XML file, an Excel file or even a text file containing data also some addtional
database are also added to that layers.
 How Visual SourceSafe helps Us ?

One of the powerful tool provided by Microsoft to keep up-to-date of files

system its keeps records of file history once we add files to source safe it
can be add to database and the changes ade by diffrenet user to this files
are maintained in database from that we can get the older version of files
to.This also helps in sharing,merging of files.

What is cross page posting in ASP.NET2.0 ?

When we have to post data from one page to another in application we used
server.transfer method but in this the URL remains the same but in cross
page posting there is little different there is normal post back is done but in
target page we can access values of server control in the source page.This is
quite simple we have to only set the PostBackUrl property of
Button,LinkButton or imagebutton which specifies the target page.In target
page we can access the PreviousPage property.And we have to use the
@PreviousPageType directive.We can access control of PreviousPage by
using the findcontrol method.When we set the PostBackURL property
ASP.NET framework bind the HTML and Javascript function automatically.

Describe the Provider Model and Personalization in ASP.NET

2.0?

The Provider model in ASP.NET 2.0 is based on the Provider Design Pattern
that was created in the year 2002 and later implemented in the .NET
Framework 2.0.

The Provider Model supports automatic creation of users and their respective
roles by creating entries of them directly in the SQL Server (May even use
MS Access and other custom data sources). So actually, this model also
supports automatically creating the user table's schema.

The Provider model has 2 security providers in it: Membership provider and
Role Provider. The membership provider saves inside it the user name (id)
and corresponding passwords, whereas the Role provider stores the Roles of
the users.

For SQL Server, the SqlMembershipProvider is used, while for MS Access,

the AccessMembershipProvider is used. The Security settings may be set
using the website adminstration tool. Automatically, the
 AccessMembershipProvider creates a Microsoft Access database file named
aspnetdb.mdb inside the application's App_Data folder. This contains 10
tables.

ASP.NET 2.0 Personalization - Personalization allows information about

visitors to be persisted on a data store so that the information can be useful
to the visitor when they visit the site again. In ASP.NET 2.0, this is
controlled by a Personalization API. Before the Personalization Model came
into existence, the prior versions of ASP.NET used of the old Session object
to take care of re-visits. Now comes the Profile object.

In order to use a Profile object, some settings need to be done in

web.config. The example below shall explain how to use a profile object:

//Add this to System.Web in web.config

'In Page_Load event, add the following...

If Profile.FirstName <> "" Then

Panel1.Visible = False
Response.Write("Welcome Back Dear :, " & Profile.FirstName & ", " &
Profile.LastName)
Else
Panel1.Visible = True
End If

'Here is the code how to save the profile properties in an event to save it
Profile.FirstName = txtFirstName.Text
Profile.LastName = txtLastName.Text

What is IIS Metabase? How to edit IIS metabase? How to

backup IIS metabase file?

IIS Metabase - sounds like geek stuff right! What is IIS Metabase??? In the
simplest words, IIS metabase is the repository of the configuration values
that are set in the Internet Information Server (IIS). The IIS metabase in an
XML file. It may be controlled through program or manually too.
In order to edit IIS metabase entries, the user needs to have administrative
rights on the system. To do this, in run window, type "inetmgr". Browse to
"Local Computer" and right click it. Click on "Properties". Select the "Enable
Direct Metabase Edit" check box.

Many times, due to the existence of multiple versions of .NET framework,

some settings in the IIS metabase may get affected and cause your program
not to run. For such scenarios, you may take a backup of the IIS metabase
XML file and recover it. To create a portable backup, open run window and
type "inetmgr". Next browse to "Local Computer" and go to "All Tasks".
Next, click on Backup/Restore Configuration. Next, click on "Create Backup".
In the textbod box for Configuration Backup name, type a name for your
backup file. Also select the encrypt backup option and type a password. To
finish the process, click "OK".

Search for Metabase.xml file on your IIS Web Server.

What is Authentication? What are the different types of

Authentication?

In a client-server environment, there are plenty of cases where the server

has to interact and identify the client that sends a request to the server.
Authentication is the process of determining and confirming the identity of
the client.

If a client is not successfully identified, it is said to be anonymous.

Types of Authentication
Windows Authentication
Forms Authentication
Passport Authentication

Essentially the Windows Authentication and Forms Authentication are the

famous ones, as Passport Authentication is related to a few websites (like
microsoft.com, hotmail.com, msn.com etc. only).

Windows Authentication is implemented mostly in Intranet scenarios. When

a browser (client) sends a Request to a server where in windows
authentication has been implemented, the initial request is anonymous in
nature. The server sends back a Response with a message in HTTP Header.
This Prompts a Window to display a Modal Dialog Box on the browser, where
the end user may enter the "User name" and "Password".
 The end user enters the credentials, which are then validated against the
User Store on the Windows server. Note that each user who access the Web
Application in a Windows Authentication environment needs to have a
Windows Account in the company network.

How to avoid or disable the modal dialog box in a Windows Authentication

environment?
By enabling the Windows Integrated Authentication checkbox for the web
application through settings in IIS.

Forms Authentication is used in Internet based scenarios, where its not

practical to provide a Windows based account to each and every user to the
Web Server. In a Forms Authentication environment, the user enters
credentials, usually a User Name and a corresponding Password, which is
validated against a User Information Store, ideally a database table.

Forms Authentication Ticket is the cookie stored on the user's computer,

when a user is authenticated. This helps in automatically logging in a user
when he/she re-visits the website. When a Forms Authentication ticket is
created, when a user re-visits a website, the Forms Authentication Ticket
information is sent to the Web Server along with the HTTP Request.

What is the Website Administrative Tool in ASP.NET 2.0 ?

In ASP.NET 2.0, while using Visual Studio 2005 Express Edition or above,
the development IDE provides an interface for editing the web.config rather
than manually editing the web.config.

In the IDE, click on "Website" and then on "ASP.NET Configuration". This

shall open the Website configuration tool. Note that the Web Site
Administration Tool is a set of prebuilt ASP.NET 2.0 webpages and resources
that are located within the
C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\aspnet_webadmin\2_0_40607 directory.

Describe the security authentication flow and process in

ASP.NET?

When a user requests a web page, there exists a process of security too, so
that every anonymous user is checked for authentication before gaining
access to the webpage. The following points are followed in the sequence for
authentication when a client attempts a page request:

* A .aspx web page residing on an IIS web server is requested by an end

user
 * IIS checks for the user's credentials
* Authentication is done by IIS. If authenticated, a token is passed to the
ASP.NET worker process along with the request
* Based on the authentication token from IIS, and on the web.config
settings for the requested resource, ASP.NET impersonates the end user to
the request thread. For impersonation, the web.config impersonate
attribute's value is checked.

What are the types of WPF Applications ?

The following four types of WPF applications are available through .NET
Framework 3.0 within Visual Studio 2005:

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 Windows Application—The .NET Framework 3.0

Windows Application is essentially the equivalent of a .NET Windows Forms
project with all the perks of the WPF API.

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 XAML Browser Application—The .NET Framework 3.0

XAML Browser Application (XBAP) is the WPF version of an ASP.NET web
application, with a limited amount of WPF namespaces and functionality
available to it, because of the browser’s security access limitations on the
client.

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 Service Library Project—The .NET Framework 3.0

Service Library is a Windows Communication Foundation project type and is
not held within its sibling WPF platform.

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 Custom Control Library Project—The .NET

Framework 3.0 Custom
Control Library is a project designed to output a reusable control that can be
redistributed to a .NET application in the form of a dynamic-link library (DLL)
.NET assembly.

What is one way operation?

IsOneWay equal to true ensures that the client does not have to wait for the
response. So methods marked by IsOneWay to true should always return
void. In this the caller does not get anything in return so it is called as one-
way communication. In order to understand one way implementation in WCF
lets make a code walkthrough of a sample.

Above is the code snippet which describes practically how one way works in
WCF. The above given code snippet is numbered. Below is the explanation
according to the numbers marked in figure:
1 - This is the code snippet of the server service. We have created a method
called as doHugeTask. doHugeTask basically makes the method sleep for
5000 MS and then displays the time when the task is completed.
2 - This code snippet is for client. It creates a proxy object of
serviceIsOneWay and calls the doHugeTask method. After calling the
doHugeTask the client execution continues ahead. So as a proof we display
the time when the method calling was completed.
3 - This screen shot shows the output given by both server and client. The
top window displays the server output and the below windows displays the
client output.
So run the server program first i.e. ServiceIsOneWay and run the client
later. You will see the client runs the doHugeTask and moves ahead. So the
client completion time is less than the server. One more thing to understand
is that one way does not give any notification back of completion. So it’s like
fire and forget.

Before in my VB app I would just load the icons from DLL.

How can I load the icons provided by .NET dynamically?

By using System.Drawing.SystemIcons class' for example

System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Warning produces an Icon with a warning sign
in it. 

What,s typical about a Windows process in regards to

memory allocation?

Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space' no process
can access another process' code or data. If the process crashes' it dies
alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down.

What are the various ways of hosting a WCF service?

There are three major ways to host a WCF service:

Self hosting the service in his own application domain. This we have already
covered in the first section. The service comes in to existence when you
create the object of ServiceHost class and the service closes when you call
the Close of the ServiceHost class.
Host in application domain or process provided by IIS Server.
Host in Application domain and process provided by WAS (Windows
Activation Service) Server.
 what are the advantages of hosting WCF Services in IIS as
compared to self hosting?

There are two main advantages of using IIS over self hosting:
Automatic activation
IIS provides automatic activation that means the service is not necessary to
be running in advance. When any message is received by the service it then
launches and fulfills the request. But in case of self hosting the service
should always be running.
Process recycling
If IIS finds that a service is not healthy that means if it has memory leaks
etc, IIS recycles the process. Ok let us try to understand what is recycling in
IIS process. For every browser instance a worker process is spawned and
the request is serviced. When the browser disconnects the worker process
stops and you loose all information. IIS also restarts the worker process. By
default the worker process is recycled at around 120 minutes. So why does
IIS recycle. By restarting the worker process it ensures any bad code or
memory leak do not cause issue to the whole system.
In case of self hosting both the above features you will need to code
yourself. Lot of work right!!. That's why IIS is the best option for hosting
services until you are really doing something custom.
Below figure shows where the recycle option is located in IIS. You need to
click on the DefaultAppool and then Properties.

What is the difference WCF and Web services?

Web services can only be invoked by HTTP. While Service or a WCF

component can be invoked by any protocol and any transport type. Second
web services are not flexible. But Services are flexible. If you make a new
version of the service then you need to just expose a new end point. So
services are agile and which is a very practical approach looking at the
current business trends.

How can we host a service on two different protocols on a

single server?

Let’s first understand what this question actually means. Let’s say we have
made a service and we want to host this service using HTTP as well as TCP.
You must be wondering why to ever host services on two different types of
protocol. When we host a service it’s consumed by multiple types of client
and it’s very much possible that they have there own protocol of
 communication. A good service has the capability to downgrade or upgrade
its protocol according the client who is consuming him.
Let’s do a small sample in which we will host the ServiceGetCost on TCP and
HTTP protocol.

Once we are done the server side coding its time to see make a client by
which we can switch between the protocols and see the results. Below is the
code snippet of the client side for multi-protocol hosting

What is three major points in WCF?

1) Address --- Specifies the location of the service which will be like
http://Myserver/MyService.Clients will use this location to communicate with
our service.

2)Contract --- Specifies the interface between client and the server.It's a
simple interface with some attribute.

3)Binding --- Specifies how the two paries will communicate in term of
transport and encoding and protocols.

What is WCF?

Windows Communication Foundation (formerly code-named "Indigo") is a

set of .NET technologies for building and running connected systems. It is a
new breed of communications infrastructure built around the Web services
architecture.

Windows Communication Foundation is Microsoft's unified programming

model for building service-oriented applications with managed code. It
extends the .NET Framework to enable developers to build secure and
reliable transacted Web services that integrate across platforms and
interoperate with existing investments. Windows Communication Foundation
combines and extends the capabilities of existing Microsoft distributed
systems technologies, including Enterprise Services, System.Messaging,
Microsoft .NET Remoting, ASMX, and WSE to deliver a unified development
experience across multiple axes, including distance (cross-process, cross-
machine, cross-subnet, cross-intranet, cross-Internet), topologies (farms,
fire-walled, content-routed, dynamic), hosts (ASP.NET, EXE, Windows
Presentation Foundation, Windows Forms, NT Service, COM+), protocols
(TCP, HTTP, cross-process, custom), and security models (SAML, Kerberos,
X509, username/password, custom).
 Why are there five tracing levels in
System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?

The tracing dumps can be quite verbose. For applications that are constantly
running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive. Five
levels range from None to Verbose, allowing you to fine-tune the tracing
activities.

Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected?

To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the

constructor.

How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application?

Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.

What are three test cases you should go through in unit

testing?

1.Positive test cases (correct data, correct output).

2. Negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling).
3. Exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).

Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C#

application?

Yes. If you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate

window.

What Features Are in Silverlight?

Silverlight combines multiple technologies into a single development

platform that enables you to select the right tools and the right
programming language for your needs. Silverlight offers you the following
features:

WPF and XAML. Silverlight includes Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)

technology, which greatly extends the elements in the browser for creating
UI. WPF lets you create immersive graphics, animation, media, and other
rich client features, extending browser-based UI beyond what is available
with HTML alone. Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) provides a
declarative markup syntax for creating WPF elements.
See Creating User Interfaces with Silverlight for more information.
Extensions to JavaScript. Silverlight provides extensions to the universal
browser scripting language that provide powerful control over the browser
UI, including the ability to work with WPF elements.
See Silverlight 1.0 - Development with JavaScript for more information.
Cross-browser, cross-platform support. Silverlight runs the same on all
popular browsers (on any platform). You can design and develop your
application without having to worry about which browser or platform your
users have.
See Creating and Deploying Silverlight Applications for more information.
Integration with existing applications. Silverlight integrates seamlessly with
your existing JavaScript and ASP.NET AJAX code to complement functionality
you have already created.
See Integrating Silverlight with ASP.NET Web Pages for more information.
Access to the .NET Framework programming model and to associated tools.
You can create Silverlight-based applications using dynamic languages such
as managed JScript and IronPython as well as languages such as C# and
Visual Basic. You can use development tools such as Visual Studio to create
Silverlight-based applications.
See Common Language Runtime and Base Class Library in Silverlight and
Dynamic Languages in Silverlight 2 for more information.
LINQ. Silverlight includes language-integrated query (LINQ), which enables
you to program data access using intuitive native syntax and strongly typed
objects in .NET Framework languages.
See Parsing XML Data in Silverlight for more information.
If you already use ASP.NET, you can integrate Silverlight with the server and
client capabilities of ASP.NET that you are familiar with. You can create
server-based resources in ASP.NET and use the AJAX capabilities of ASP.NET
to interact with server-based resources without interrupting the user.

Reference by :http://msdn.microsoft.com

What Is Silverlight?

Silverlight enables you to create a state-of-the-art application that has the

following features:
It is a cross-browser, cross-platform technology. It runs in all popular Web
browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple
Safari, and on Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X.
It provides a consistent experience no matter where it runs.
It is supported by a very small download that installs in seconds.
It streams video and audio. It scales video quality to everything from mobile
 devices to desktop browsers to 720p HDTV video modes.
It includes compelling graphics that users can manipulate—drag, turn, zoom
—directly in the browser.
It reads data and updates the display, but it doesn't interrupt the user by
refreshing the whole page.
Silverlight-based application with rich graphics and user interaction
Web developers and graphics designers can create Silverlight-based
applications in a variety of ways. You can use Silverlight markup to create
media and graphics, and manipulate them with dynamic languages and
managed code. Silverlight also enables you to use professional-quality tools
like Visual Studio for coding and Microsoft Expression Blend for layout and
graphic design.

Reference by :http://msdn.microsoft.com

SMTP and POP3 Mail server Setting

Yahoo! Mail Settings

Yahoo Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.mail.yahoo.com (port 110)

Yahoo Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP) - smtp.mail.yahoo.com (port 25)

Yahoo Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com (SSL

enabled, port 995)
Yahoo Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP) - plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com (SSL
enabled, port 465)

Google GMail Settings

Google Gmail Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.gmail.com (SSL enabled,

port 995)
Google Gmail Outgoing Mail Server - use the SMTP mail server address
provided by your local ISP or smtp.gmail.com (SSL enabled, port 465)

Lycos Mail Settings

Lycos Mail Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.mail.lycos.com (port 110)

Lycos MailOutgoing Mail Server - smtp.mail.lycos.com or use your local ISP
SMTP mail server

AOL Mail Settings

AOL Incoming Mail Server (IMAP) - imap.aol.com (port 143)

AOL Outgoing Mail Server - smtp.aol.com or use your local ISP SMTP mail
 server

Mail.com Mail Settings

Mail.com Mail Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop1.mail.com (port 110)

Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Netscape Internet Service Mail Settings

Netscape Internet Service Incoming Mail Server (POP3) -

pop.3.isp.netscape.com (port 110)
Netscape Internet Service Outgoing Mail Server - smtp.isp.netscape.com
(port 25, using a secure SSL connection)

Tiscali Mail Settings

Tiscali Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.tiscali.com (port 110)

Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Freeserve Mail Settings

Freeserve Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.freeserve.com (port 110)

Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Supanet Mail Settings

Supanet Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.supanet.com (port 110)

Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Using COM components in .NET and How to add a reference

to a COM component?

The .NET does not encourage the use of COM component directly inside the
managed application! Although, the .NET framework contains utilities that
enable COM components to be used inside the .Net applications seamlessly.
How it is done? The .NET utilities like TlbImp generates the wrapper .NET
assembly for the COM component which provides the same calling interface
to the client as exposed by the COM component. Inside the wrapper
methods, it calls the actual methods of the COM component and returns the
result back to the caller. The generated wrapper .NET assembly is called the
‘Runtime Callable Wrapper’ or RCW.
To use a COM component in your Visual Studio.NET project, you need to add
a reference of the COM component in the Reference node of the project node
of the solution inside the solution explorer window. The great thing about
 Visual Studio.Net is that it allows you to add a reference to the COM
component in exactly the similar way as you add the reference to the .NET
assembly. The Visual Studio.NET automatically creates the runtime callable
wrapper assembly for the referenced COM component.
To add a reference to a COM component, right click the ‘Reference’ node
under the project node inside the solution explorer and select the ‘Add
Reference…’ option. It will show you a user interface screen where you
browse for the target COM component. When you have selected the
component, press the ‘Select’ button and then press OK. This will add a new
reference node in the Reference sub tree of the project. By selecting the
added reference node, you can edit its properties from the properties
window.
Note: The process of importing a COM component into .NET is called ‘COM
interoperability with .NET’

What are XML Doc comments (comments start with three

slashes ///)?

The XML Doc comments are special kind of comments that can be
recognized by Document utility to automatically generate the documentation
of your methods, types and regions.

How true it is that .NET and Java programs are quite in-
efficient when compared to C++?

The startup of managed .NET and Java programs is definitely slower than
the traditional C++ programs as it involves the hosting of CLR into managed
application process in .NET and starting the JVM in a new process in case of
Java. The execution also is a bit slower during the initial period of program
execution as the intermediate code is translated to the machine code on the
fly at runtime. But as the program runs various parts repeatedly, the
execution gets pace too. Since, the CLR and JVM optimizes the code more
efficiently than the static C++ compilers, the execution speed of the
program may actually be faster after sometime of the program startup when
most of the code is translated. Hence, in the longer run, the .Net and Java
based programs should not be in-efficient when compared to C++. We used
‘should’ here as the actual performance depends on the particular
implementation and implementation strategy.

What are the shortcomings of MS.NET platform?

The foremost short coming of .NET platform is that it is still the propriety of
Microsoft. It is more coupled with the Microsoft Windows operating system
and is implemented only on Microsoft Windows successfully. MS.NET desktop
applications can run only on Microsoft Windows, Web based applications and
web services can only be deployed on Microsoft Internet Information Server
(IIS). Since, dot net framework contains a lot of utilities, components, and
framework class libraries, the size of downloadable framework is quite large
(25MB compared to 5MB size of JVM). Not all types of applications can be
written in .NET managed applications, for example, you can’t write CLR or
Operating System in your managed applications. The managed .Net
applications are somewhat slower to start and run than the traditional Win32
applications. The compiled code of .Net managed applications is easier to de-
compile back to the source code.

Why should one use MS.NET for software development?

Well, most of the software development all over the world is done on and for
Microsoft Windows Operating System. Dot Net is now the standard software
development environment for the Microsoft Windows operating system. It
dramatically simplifies the development of windows, web based, data access
applications, components, controls and web services. Dot net comes with
amazing features like XML configuration, reflection, and attributes to ease
the overall software development life cycle. Finally, the dot net is supported
by the Microsoft Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment; the
best IDE available for any software development environment. Visual
Studio .NET (VS.NET) supports all the areas of software development from
project creation to debugging and installation.

What does one need to build or execute .NET applications?

To execute a standalone .NET application (Windows or Console application),

one needs to first compile all its constituent assemblies and modules
including the executable assembly. Once, the constituent assemblies are
compiled, one needs to make sure that the target system contains the .NET
framework. The application can now be executed by running its executable
assembly (the .exe file). The executable assembly (.exe) is a Win32
executable that hosts the .Net CLR (Common Language Runtime), which
exists as a COM component, in its process space and initializes it. Once the
CLR is hosted and initialized, the starting point of the .NET executable
assembly is passed to the hosted CLR which starts the execution of the
program by translating and executing the parts of the program code.

What is the difference between an executable assembly and

a class library?

An executable assembly exists as the .exe file while a class library exists as
the .dll file. Executable assembly represent executable applications having
some entry (e.g., Main() method in C#). A class library, on the other hand,
contains components and libraries to be used inside various applications. A
Class library can not be executed and thus it does not have any entry point.

What are the differences between a .NET Assembly, a

Windows DLL and a COM Component?

A Windows DLL contains library code to be used by any program running on

Windows. A DLL may contain either structured or object oriented libraries.

COM (Component Object Model) is the component model based on the

object oriented design, which means that the components represented by
the COM component exists in the form of classes and objects implementing a
standard specification defined by COM. COM components can be used by any
program running on Windows Operating System; be it is written with VB, C+
+, Java or even some .NET compliant language like C# and VB.NET.

Dot NET assembly is the component standard specified by the .NET. Hence,
dot net assemblies are understandable to only Microsoft.NET and can be
used only in .NET managed applications.

What is the difference between traditional development

and .NET development?

In traditional programming languages, the source code of a program is

compiled to a specific platform’s assembly language and then machine
language code. Later the library code required by the program is linked to it.
Finally the operating system executes the program when desired by the
user. The complete process is depicted in the following figure

In the presence of dot net framework, a program is not compiled to the

 native machine executable code; rather it gets compiled to an intermediate
language code called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) or Common
Intermediate Language (CIL). The Dot Net Common Language Runtime
(CLR) then converts this intermediate code at runtime to the machine
executable code. The optimization is carried out at runtime. A program also
does not call the operating system APIs directly; rather it delegates this task
to the CLR which performs the desired operations on behalf of the program
and returns the results of the operations back to the program. The CLR also
performs the memory management, garbage collection, security and thread
management on behalf of the program. Dot NET framework is shipped with
the supporting object oriented framework of common code libraries, called
the .NET Framework Class Library (FCL), to facilitate the common
operations. Hence the .Net manages the overall execution of an application.
This is the reason why the code running on .Net framework is sometimes
called the managed code. The complete process is depicted in the following
Figure. Note that only the CLR (and thus the .Net framework and not the
user application) is interacting and coupled with the platform and operating
system.

What about the MS.NET standardization?

Microsoft has secured certification for both C# and CLI from ECMA and
ISO/IEC as Industry standards. This is a very important step for Microsoft
and .Net platform because this enhances the credibility of the newer .Net
platform and allures a larger portion of technology industry into adopting
.Net as their development platform. Several companies and government
organizations only utilize ISO certified technologies; for example, in Australia
anything ISO certified is also considered Australian standard according to the
rules of the Australian government. Several academic institutions will now be
interested in teaching standard C#. Another major outcome of having an
open industry standard specification is .Net platform could be getting ported
to other platforms like Linux and UNIX; best example is the Mono Project by
Ximian- it is an open source implementation of .Net platform for UNIX and
Linux based on ECMA approved Public Domain Specification of C# and CLI.

Microsoft submitted the specifications to ECMA, which in turn fast-tracked

them through ISO. In doing so, Microsoft released all intellectual property in
the core C#/CLI platform to the public domain. No one needs a license to
implement C#/CLI. This will also help everybody in better understanding the
implementations of C# and CLI which are at the core of .Net platform.
 However, the whole of .Net platform is not a Public domain standard-
Microsoft still owns complete Intellectual property rights to several class
libraries and API within the .Net platform.

What is ASP.NET Futures?

ASP.NET AJAX Futures

The new release includes support for managing browser history (Back button
support), selecting elements by CSS selectors or classes, and information on
accessing “Astoria” Web data services. The Futures (July 2007) release
adds:

History support for the Safari browser, inclusion of “titles”, encoding and
encrypting of server-side history state and the ability to handle history in the
client without a server requirement.

CSS Selectors APIs have been modified to be applicable to W3C

recommendations.

A script resource extraction tool that allows you to create script files on disk
that originate from embedded resources in assemblies. Important: this
version of the browser history feature is now outdated and should not be
used. Instead, please download the ASP.NET 3.5 Extensions Preview, which
contains the new version.

.NET Framework Stack

How to create an AJAX website using Visual Studio?

Using Visual Studio Web Developer Express 2005 & versions above it, Ajax
based applications may easily be created. Note that the Ajax Framework &
Ajax Extensions should be installed (In case of VS 2005). If using Visual
Studio 2008 Web Developer Express or above, Ajax comes along with it (so
no need of a separate installation).

Steps: Start Visual Studio, Click on File -> New Website -> Under Visual
Studio Installed templates -> Select ASP.NET Ajax-Enabled Site. Enter a
location & select OK.
 How to handle multiple or concurrent requests in Ajax?

For concurrent requests, declare separate XmlHttpRequest objects for each

request. For example, for request to get data from an SQL table1, use
something like this...

xmlHttpObject1.Onreadystatechange = functionfromTable1();

and to get data from another table (say table2) at the same time, use

xmlHttpObject2.Onreadystatechange = functionfromTable2();

Ofcourse, the XmlHttpObject needs to be opened & parameters passed too,

like as shown below...

xmlHTTPObject1.open("GET","http://"localhost// " +
"Website1/Default1.aspx" true);

Note that the last parameter "true" used above means that processing shall
carry on without waiting for any response from the web server. If it is false,
the function shall wait for a response.

What is Dojo?

Dojo is a third-party javascript toolkit for creating rich featured applications.

Dojo is an Open Source DHTML toolkit written in JavaScript. It builds on
several contributed code bases (nWidgets, Burstlib, f(m)), which is why we
refer to it sometimes as a "unified" toolkit. Dojo aims to solve some long-
standing historical problems with DHTML which prevented mass adoption of
dynamic web application development.

What is the ASP.NET Control Toolkit?

Besides the Ajax Framework (which is the Ajax engine) and Ajax Extensions
(which contain the default Ajax controls), there is a toolkit called the Ajax
Control Toolkit available for use & download (for free). This is a collection of
rich featured, highly interactive controls, created as a joint venture between
Microsoft & the Developer Community.

What are Ajax Extensions?

 The ASP.NET Ajax Extensions are set of Ajax-based controls that work in
ASP.NET 2 (or above) based applications.
Ofcourse,they also need the Ajax runtime which is actually the Ajax
Framework 1.0.
ASP.NET Ajax Extensions 1.0 have to be downloaded to run with ASP.NET
2.0
The new ASP.NET 3.5 Framework comes with the Ajax Library 3.5
(containing the Ajax Extensions 3.5). So in order to use the latest Ajax,
simply download .NET 3.5 Framework. Summary :ASP.NET Ajax Extensions
1.0 -> For ASP.NET 2.0ASP.NET Ajax Extensions 3.5 -> For ASP.NET 3.5

What is the ASP.NET Ajax Framework? What versions have

been released so far?

ASP.NET AJAX is a free framework to implement Ajax in asp.net web

applications, for quickly creating efficient and interactive Web applications
that work across all popular browsers.
The Ajax Framework is powered with
1 - Reusable Ajax Controls
2 - Support for all modern browsers
3 - Access remote services and data from the browser without tons of
complicated script. Versions of Ajax release
1 - ASP.NET Ajax Framework 1.0 (earlier release to this was called the Atlas)
2 - ASP.NET Ajax Framework 1.0 was available as a separate download for
ASP.NET 2.0

What Is LINQ?

LINQ is a uniform programming model for any kind of data. LINQ enables
you to query
and manipulate data with a consistent model that is independent from data
sources.
LINQ is just another tool for embedding SQL queries into code.
LINQ is yet another data abstraction layer.

LINQ is a methodology that simplifies and unifies the implementation of any

kind of data
access. LINQ does not force you to use a specific architecture; it facilitates
the implementation
of several existing architectures for accessing data. As with every tool, it can
be used in both
good and in bad ways. To get the most out of LINQ, you will have to master
it.
 LINQ to SQL

•Provides object-to-relational mapping within the .NET Framework for

Microsoft SQL Server databases
•Access relational data as strongly typed objects using LINQ query
expressions
•Language integrated data access
–Tables and rows to classes and objects
–Builds on ADO.NET and .NET Transactions
•Mapping
–Encoded in attributes or external XML file
–Relationships map through properties
•Persistence
–Automatic change tracking
–Updates through SQL or stored procedures

Language INtegratedQuery (LINQ)

•New programming model for data access that integrates query support
directly within the .NET languages
•Designed to reduce the complexity when working with data
•Query operators can be used against any collection
–Built-in examples: Select, Where, GroupBy, Join, etc.
–Extensibility model supports extending/replacing these
•Benefits
–Work with data in a consistent way, regardless of the type of data
–Interact with data as objects
–Better integration with programming languages
–Improved productivity through IntelliSense in Visual Studio

What does a Web Part Consists of?

1. The Web Part Assembly file (.dll): which is nothing but a .dll file which
contains the entire logic that you, as a developer writes for that web part. It
could be a web part that contains a DataGrid and displays the number of
users signed in or a simple DropDownList that populates another
DropDownList within the Web Part.
2. The Web Part Description file (.dwp): This contains the default
settings stored in XML format for the Web Part which can be utilized to
customize and change Web Part properties. This is not mandatory though it
is required while importing from a site or exporting to another site. Note that
if your company has around 10,000 employees where each employee may
also turn out to be your company's SharePoint site's user, then they can
access say, with one particular SPS Site that has a Web Part, options to
 customize that particular Web Part for each of his / her sessions. That is
where the WSS database tables come into play - storing various
configuration and customization information. There's more but let's start off
with this small step.

What kind of a framework does a Web Part possess?

A beautiful one thanks to the level of extensibility that is heavily based on

the ASP.Net framework so much so that a Web Part web pages are nothing
but ASP.Net web pages while Web Parts are, as mentioned above custom
ASP.Net server controls. Remember that Web Parts inherit from the
System.Web.UI.WebControls class.

. Is there a difference between a Web Part and a Server side

control?

Yes. ASP.Net controls are added to your application during design time while
Web Parts are added to an SPS Site (your application in this case) at design
time or even at run-time by a user. Further, users can also customize
settings during run time.