Trade - 2018 - Class-9-10 Automotive-1 Web
Trade - 2018 - Class-9-10 Automotive-1 Web
Trade - 2018 - Class-9-10 Automotive-1 Web
Ö g cÎ
Î
cÖ_g Aa¨vvq
A‡Uvv‡gvwUf
f †UªW
Automotive Trade
T
1.0 A‡Uv‡gvwUf
f †Uª‡Wi cwi
wiwPwZ (Intrroduction motive Trrade) :
n of Autom
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwUf †UªW ej‡Z H †UªUªW‡KB eySvqq †hLv‡b BwÄ wÄb Ges BwÄÄb Øviv cwiPPvwjZ hvbevnnb I
hš¿cvwZ
c wb‡q KvR
K K‡i| A‡Uv‡gvwUf
A † ‡Wi GKwUU HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU i‡‡q‡Q hv ms‡‡ÿ‡c
†Uª
Av‡jjvKcvZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| AvayAv wbK weÁv‡bbi RbK weÁ Ávbx AvjevU© AvBb÷vB‡bi
A i g‡ZÑ Òc`v`v_© I
kw³
³ A‡f`¨| c``v_© wb‡R‡K aŸsma K‡i kw³ w³ Drcv`b K‡i|Ó
K G gZeev` n‡Z GwUU cÖZxqgvb nqq †h,
c`v__© n‡Z kw³ Drcbœ
D Kiv †hh‡Z cv‡i Gees †m Drcvw`Z `Z kw³ wek¦gvbeZvi
g Kv‡R
RI jvMv‡bv m¤¢
m e|
cieeZ©x mg‡q ieevU© †gqv‡ii gZvgZ
g †_‡K
K Rvbv hvq †hh, kw³ Awebbk¦i| G gnvwwe‡k¦i †gvU kw³i
k
cwiggvY aªæe (connstant)| A_©_©vr kw³i aŸsm †bB Gess bZzb K‡i kw³ k ˆZwiI K Kiv hvq bv| kw³
wi nq gvÎ| c‡i G GKBB Z_¨‡K Kv‡‡R jvwM‡q we
GKiiƒc n‡Z Ab¨¨iƒ‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ weÁvbx ÔRyjÕ cÖgvY
K‡ib
ib †h- Zvc I Zvc Øviv K…Z KvR ci¯úúi hvwš¿Kfv‡ee mgZzj¨| ˆeÁ eÁvwbKM‡Yi D D‡jøwLZ gZeev` I
Z_¨v¨vw`i wfwˇZ c`v‡_©i AšÍ šÍwb©wnZ kw³‡
³‡K gvbeKj¨¨v‡Yi j‡ÿ Kv‡R K jvMv‡bbvi †h wPšÍvfvebv
f
ˆeÁ
ÁvwbKMY ïiæ K‡ib
K Aóv`k k kZvãxi gvS SvgvwS †_‡K, hvi ewntcÖKvk
v N‡U‡Q BwÄ
wÄb Avwe®‹v‡iii ga¨
w`‡qq| Avi GB Bwćbi
B wewfbœbœ cixÿv wbixÿ
ÿv I ch©v‡jvPPbv, †givgZ I iÿYv‡eÿÿY msµvšÍ hveeZxq
welqq wb‡q †h †UªW Av‡jvPbv K‡i
K ZvB ÔA‡Uv Uv‡gvwUf †UªWÕ|
wPÎ 1.1
1 : A‡Uv‡gvwUf
f †UªW
2 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
3. A‡Uv-B‡jKwUªwmwU : G‡Z e¨vUvwi, †Rbv‡iUi, Aëv‡bUi KvU AvDU, µ¨vswKs †gvUi BMwbkb
wm‡÷g (B‡jKwUªK¨vj I B‡jK‡UªvwbKm), B‡jK‡UªvwbKm& dz‡qj wm‡÷g BZ¨vw` Gi Kvh©cÖYvwj, m¤¢ve¨
†`vl-µwU, †givgZ I iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi m‡½ mswkøó Ávb I `ÿZv cÖ`v‡bi b¨vq welqe¯‘ G‡Z AšÍf©z³
_v‡K| GwU QvovI wewfbœ ai‡bi Mvwoi ˆe`y¨wZK mvwK©U MVb, †givgZ I iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi †KŠkj G
wel‡q AšÍf©z³ _v‡K|
4. BwÄj dz‡qj wm‡÷g : †c‡Uªvj I wW‡Rj Bwćbi wewfbœ cÖKvi dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi Kvh©cÖYvwj,
wewfbœ, K‡¤úv‡b›U-Gi MVb Kvh©cÖYvwj, m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I †givg‡Zi cÖwµqv msµvšÍ Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b
ev jvfKi‡Yi b¨vq welqe¯‘ AšÍfz©³ _v‡K|
5. BwÄb Kzwjs A¨vÛ jyweª‡KwUs wm‡÷g : G‡Z Bwćbi e¨eüZ wefbœ cÖKv‡ii Kzwjs I jyweª‡KwUs
wm‡÷‡gi Kvh©cÖYvwj e¨eüZ Kz‡jU, jyweª‡K›U, Gi ¸Yv¸Y I wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii K‡¤úv‡b›Um& mg~‡ni
Kvh©cÖYvwj, m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I G‡`i †givgZ cÖwµqv m¤úwK©Z welqe¯‘ AšÍf©y³ _v‡K|
6. A‡Uv‡gvwUf WªvBf wm‡÷g : Mvwoi cvIqvi †Uªb I WªvBf jvB‡bi AšÍfz©³ K¬vP, wMqvi e·,
cÖ‡cjvi k¨vd&U, w¯øc R‡q›U, BDwbfv‡m©j R‡q›U, wWdv‡iwÝqvj wMqvi-e·, G‡·j, Uvqvi I wUD‡ei
MVb, Kvh©cÖYvwj cÖKvi‡f`, wewfbœ hš¿vs‡ki Kvh©c×wZ, m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU, †givgZ I iÿYv‡eÿY msµvšÍ
welqe¯‘ AšÍfz©³ _v‡K|
7. A‡Uv‡gvwUf K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷g : A‡Uv‡gvwUf K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷g ej‡Z cÖavbZ Mvwoi †eªK I w÷qvwis
wm‡÷g‡K eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii †eªK I w÷qvwis wm‡÷‡gi Kvh©cÖYvwj, G‡`i
hš¿vskmg~‡ni Kg©cÖYvwj, wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii K‡¤úv‡b›Um& (Components)-Gi m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU, †givgZ I
iÿYv‡eÿY m¤úwK©Z welq AšÍfz©³ _v‡K|
6 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-1
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvevBj †UªW Kx?
2. ievU© †gqv‡ii gZvgZ n‡Z Kx Rvbv hvq?
3. ev®úxq hvb †ijMvwo I w÷gv‡ii Avwe®‹vi‡Ki bvg Kx?
4. A‡Uv‡gvwUf cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î c„w_ex‡K gvby‡li wbKU Kx Ki‡Q?
5. M¨vm I AvK© I‡qwìs mg„× Mvwoi ewW ˆZwii †mKk‡bi bvg Kx?
6. wW‡Rj BwÄb Kx?
7. BwÄb dz‡qj wm‡÷g Kx?
8. gnvwe‡k¦i †gvU kw³i cwigvY KZ?
9. ev®úxq hvb KZ mv‡j Avwe®‹vi nq?
10. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uª‡Wi Kg©‡ÿθ‡jvi bvg †jL?
11. AvaywbK weÁv‡bi RbK †K?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvevBj cÖhyw³ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uª‡Wi kvLvmg~‡ni bvg †jL?
3. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uª‡Wi D‡Ïk¨ Kx Kx?
4. ev®úxq hvb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. A‡Uv‡gvwUf Kg©kvjvq cwiPh©vmg~n †jL?
6. BwÄb wiKwÛkwbs †mKkb Kx?
7. IqvK©kc mve †÷vi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
8. IqvK©kc cÖvKwUm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
9. A‡Uv-B‡jKwUªwmwU Kx?
10. A‡Uv‡gvwUf K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷g Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uª‡Wi Kvh©vewj †jL|
2. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uª‡Wi cvV¨m~wPi mswÿß weeiY `vI|
3. e®úxq BwÄb Avwe®‹vi m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
4. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uª‡Wi D‡Ïk¨mg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uª‡Wi kvLvmg~‡ni we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv `vI|
wØZxq Aa¨vq
A‡Uv‡gvvwUf IqvK©k‡ci wbivcËv
Safety in Automotive Workshop
mZK©Zvi †kÖwYweb¨vm : wkíKviLvbvi AvKv‡ii DciB mZK©Zvi cÖKvi‡f` wbf©i K‡i| mvwe©K
we‡ePbvi wfwˇZ G‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
(K) mvaviY mZK©Zv (General safety precautions)
(L) †cvkvKRwbZ mZK©Zv (Cloth safety precautions)
(M) hš¿cvwZi mZK©Zv (Equipment safety precautions)
(N) Kg©kvjvi Kg©RwbZ mZK©Zv (Workshop's work safetyprecautions)
hš¿cvwZi mZK©Zv :
(K) hš¿cvwZi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡q Zvi bvg Rvb‡Z n‡e|
(L) hš¿cvwZi e¨envi I Kvh©c×wZ Rvb‡Z n‡e|
(M) Kv‡R e¨envi‡hvM¨ h¯¿cvwZ I Uzjm evQvB‡qi Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|
(N) hš¿cvwZ mh‡Zœ I mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
(O) hš¿ Pvjy Kivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Zv cwiPvjbvq Ab¨ KviI ÿwZ bv nq|
(P) aviv‡jv A¯¿cvwZ mveav‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|
(Q) †Kv‡bv cÖKvi hš¿cvwZi Ace¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|
(R) me©`v wkÿK‡`i civgk© Abyhvqx hš¿cvwZ cwiPvjbv evÃbxq|
cÖv_wgK
_w wPwKrmvv :
KviLLvbvi †h As‡ s‡k †h cÖK„wZi `yN©Ubv NUv
Uvi Avk¼v _v‡ v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î †mB ai‡bi cÖv_wgK wPwK
Krmvi
e¨e¯’
¯’v _vK‡e| wbb‡Pi miÄvg Øviv
Ø cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv
w e· (Aid box) msiÿY
m Ki‡Z n‡e|
1. wewc †eøW (BP B Blade) `ywU|
2. wewc n¨v‡Ûj j (BP Handlle) GKwU|
3. †QvU KvwP (Small
S scissoors) mvwR©K¨vj
j GKwU|
4. †WUj/m¨vfj jb †QvU †evZj
Zj GKwU ( †Qv
QvULv‡Uv KvUv//†Quovi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨)|
5. Zzjv (Cottoon) `yB BwÂ, Pvi Bw `ywU K‡i|
6. mvwR©K¨vj MR Qq c¨v‡KUU|
7 †ivjvi MR (e¨v‡ÛR)
( 2 4, 6 Gi 2wUU K‡i †ivj|
8. wUsPvi Av‡qqvwWb 1 n‡Z 2 AvDÝ GK KgvÎ Pvgov D‡V
D ev wQu‡o †M‡j Lye mvggvb¨ i³ÿiYY n‡j
e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| cy‡o †M‡j
† †cvov Pvgovq
Pv †Kv‡bvµ
vµ‡gB Zv e¨eenvi Kiv hv‡ee bv|
9. wbIewµb A‡q
‡q›U‡g›U (Neeo bacrine ointment) mvvgvb¨ cwigvY ÿ‡Zi
ÿ †ÿ‡Î e¨
e¨envi Kiv hv‡e
‡e|
10. wefvwmb (Bivacyn) A‡q››U‡g›U mvgvb¨¨ cwigvY ÿ‡ZZi †ÿ‡Î e¨eenvi‡hvM¨|
11. Wvg©vwRb wµg
µg (Darmazeen) mvaviYZ Z cy‡o †M‡j (ˆe`y
(ˆ ¨wZK
jvBb (0.9% †mvwWqvg
kK e¨ZxZ) †cvov Pvgovv bigvj m¨vjv
†K¬vivBWhy³ RxevYygy³ `ªeY)
e Øviv ÿZ¯Z¯’v‡b jvMv‡Z n‡e|
12. mydªvUywj (Sufratule)
S Q c¨v‡KU| †cvov ev ÿZ¯’v‡b
Qq
Wvg©vwRb wµ
µg jvMv‡bvi ci
c c¨v‡KU n‡Z
n mydªvUywj †ei K‡i
jvwM‡q w`‡Z
Z n‡e|
13. e¨_vbvkK c¨¨vivwmUvgj ewwo 500 wg. MÖvg 10wU|
14. A¨v›UvwmW (AA¤øbvkK) ewo
o 10wU|
15. bigvj m¨vjvBvBb 500 wm. wm. GKwU e¨vvM| wPÎ 2.1 : cÖ__‡gB wbivcËv
10 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
2.3
3 †gwkb-Gi wbivcËv (Safety
S of Machine
M )
1. KviLvbvi
K mPj
Pj I Kvh©Kixx hš¿cvwZ ivLLv :
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwUf KviLLvbvh e¨eüZ UzUjm, BKz¨Bc
c‡g›Um, BwÄbb,
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ †gvUi, †Rbv‡iUi
† cÖf…
f…wZ mPj I Kvh©
K Ki Ae¯’vq
ivLvv Avek¨K| Ab¨_vq
Ab KviLvbbvi Kvh©µg e¨vnZ
e¨ nq|
2. nvB‡Wª
n vwjK wjd‡Ui
wj m‡½
½ aviK ÷¨vvÛ e¨envi :
†gvUUihv‡b nvB‡Wª
WvwjK
v wjd‡U D‡Ëvj‡bi ci
c hv‡bi wb‡PP
wbivcËvi m‡½ KvRK Ki‡Z n‡‡j hv‡bi wb‡PP aviY ÷¨vÛÛ
e¨ennvi Ki‡Z n‡ee| Ab¨_vq nvB‡Wª
n vwjK d¬BWBz wj‡K‡Ri
Kvi‡‡Y `yN©Ubv NU‡‡Z cv‡i| wPÎ 2.44 : nvB‡WªvwjK wwjd‡U D‡Ëvjb
3. KviLvbvi
K hš¿cvwZi
c bvg I Pjv‡bvi wb‡``©kvewj wj‡L
L ivLv :
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwUf KviLLvbvq Ae¯’vbiZ
b mKj hš¿ š¿cvwZi bvg, bvgdj‡K wj‡L
wj ivLv `iiKvi Ges Zrrm‡½
Pvjv‡v‡bvi weeiY wj‡L
wj ivL‡j mvgvb¨
m A`ÿ e¨w³I
e wbqg †R‡b
† hš¿cvwZ Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib|
Z mwVKfv‡e Pv
4. hš¿
h cvwZ wbivccËv MvW© e¨eenvi :
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ cvLv, †eë
† PwjZ hš¿
h vw`, N~Yv© qggvb PK, wWªj hš¿ cÖf…wZii Dc‡i wbivc
cËv XvKbv †``Iqv
Avekk¨K| Ab¨_vqq †Lvjv h‡š¿ `y`N©Ubv NUvi m¤¢
m vebv _v‡K|
5. KviLvbvi
K ˆee`y¨wZK †Lvjv
jv Zvi bv ivLvi :
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwUf KviLLvbvq wewfbœ ˆee`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZ‡Z
c mshy³ ˆe`y¨wZK jvBB‡b KLbI †LLvjv Zvi ivLvv wVK
bq| G‡Z nvZ, cv c mshy³ n‡j j `yN©Ubv NU‡ZZ cv‡i|
6. fvix
f BwÄb ¯’ ¯vbvšÍi Kv‡R
R †µb e¨en envi : KviLvvbvq
Aew¯’
w¯’Z fvix BwÄbb Ges Ab¨vb¨¨ hš¿vw` ev hš¿
š¿sk ¯’vbvšÍiKi‡Y
K
me©`v
` nv‡Zi mvnvnv‡h¨ bv K‡i ¯’bvšÍi Dc‡hhvMx †µb e¨eenvi
Kiv hyw³hy³| Abb¨_vq G Øvivv `yNU© bvi NUvi
vi m¤¢vebv _v‡‡K|
mm †_‡K BwÄbb bvgv‡ZI GwU
†Pwmm wU e¨envi Kiv nq|
7. KviLvbvi
K wbww`©ó ¯’v‡b hš¿
š¿cvwZi Ae¯’
¯’vb wbwðZ Kiiv :
KviLLvbvq, nvB‡Wª WªvwjK wjdUU, D”PPv‡cii cv¤ú †U÷ ÷vi,
Kv‡bbKwUs iW, iW W †U÷vi, µ¨vsK
µ k¨vdU MÖvÖ BÛvi, Bwć
ćbi
†Lvjjv hš¿vsk I BwÄb
B cÖfw… Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU hš¿ š ev hš¿vsk wbbw`©ó
¯’v‡bb ms¯’vcb A__ev hZœmnKv‡i‡i msiÿY Kiiv `iKvi| w 2.5 : †µbb e¨env‡ii `„k¨
wPÎ
G‡ZZ `yN©Ubv NUvii m¤¢vebv _v‡K
‡K bv|
12 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-2
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. mZK©Zvi †kÖwYweb¨vm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. mvaviY mZK©ZvMy‡jv Kx Kx?
3. †gKvwb· Ges wbivcËv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. A‡Uv‡gvwUf IqvK©k‡ci †gKvwb‡·i wbivcËv wbqgvewj Kx Kx?
6. wbqg bv †R‡b †Kv‡bv hš¿ bv Pvjv‡bv wVK bv †Kb?
7. KviLvbvq hš¿cvwZi bvg I Pvjv‡bvi wb‡`©kvewj wj‡L ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?
8. AuvUmuvU †cvkvK I A¨vcÖb e¨envi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
9. KviLvbvi †g‡S‡Z `vn¨ c`v_© †djv DwPZ bq †Kb?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvwUf IqvK©k‡ci wbivcËvi D‡Ïk¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
2. cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv e· msiÿ‡Yi miÄv‡gi bvg †jL|
3. †cvkvK I kvixwiK mZK©Zv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
4. hš¿cvwZi mZK©Zv¸‡jv Kx Kx Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5. Kg©kvjvq Kg©RwbZ mZK©Zv¸‡jv †jL|
Z„Zxq Aa¨vq
A‡Uv‡gvwUf †m±‡ii e¨eüZ Uzjm& A¨vÛ BÝUªy‡g›Um
Tools and Instrument used in Automotive Sector
3.1 A‡Uv‡gvwUf †m±‡i e¨eüZ Uzjm& (Tools and Instrument Used in Automotiv Sector)
A‡Uv‡gvwUf Kg©kvjvqI GKwU mvaviY wdwUs Kg©kvjvi b¨vq mvaviY n¨vÛ Uzjmmg~n _vKvi
Avek¨KxqZv i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ G Kg©kvjvqI wewfb mvBR I cÖKvi‡f‡`i nvZzwo, †iÄ, ¯Œz-WªvBfvi,
cøvqvm©, wP‡Rj, wic, dvBj, U¨vc, WvB, wigvi, n¨vKÕm, cvBc †iÄ, wWªj †gwkb, †mvìvwis Avqib,
Bb&mvBW I AvDU mvBW K¨vwjcvim mvaviY Uzjmg~n _vK‡eB, Dciš‘ wb‡Pi we‡kl ai‡bi wKQz n¨vÛ
Uyjmmg~nI we‡kl we‡kl Kv‡Ri Rb¨ A‡Uv‡gvwUf k‡c e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡QÑ
- UK© †iÂ
- m‡KU †iÂ
- A¨v‡bj Kx †mU
- †g‡jU/cøvw÷K n¨vgvi
- wWªd&U cvÂ
- fvBm wMÖc cø¨vqvm©
- w¯øc R‡q›U cø¨vqvm©
- jK wis/mvwK¬©c cø¨vqvm©
- fvj&f w¯úªs K‡¤úªmvi 3.1 : cywj cyjvi 3.2 : wdjvi †MR
- wc÷b-wis K‡¤úªmvi
- cywj cyjvi
- wdjvi †MR
1. n¨vÛ
n Uzjm ev n¯ÍPvwjZ hš¿ š¿ :
G RvZxq
R Uzjm& m¯ú~Y©fv‡e wb‡Ri
w nv‡Zii I kix‡ii kw³ Øviv cwiPvjbv
c Kii‡Z nq| wjjfvi-
A¨vK
Kkv‡bi myweav
av Qvov kw³ e¨‡qi
e †ÿ‡Î G RvZxq Uzjm
j cwiPvjbvqq Avi kw³- m
mvnvh¨ cvIqvv hvq
bv| Dc‡i ewY©Z Uzjmg~n QvovI
I G‡Z i‡q‡QQ :
wewf
fbœ ai‡bi K¬¨v¤¤ú
K. wP‡Î
wP cÖ`Ë wew
ewfbœ ab‡bi K¬¨v¤ú I Uzjm :
1) wm K¬¨v¤ú
2) js
j K¬¨v¤ú
3) cc
c wiwfU Mvbb
4) bvBd
b
5) w÷j-
w÷ eªvm
L. KvwUs
K Uzjm& I MÖvBwÛs Uzjm :
1. n¨vKÕm
n 3.4 : wewfbœ ai‡bi KvwUs Uzjm&
2.wP‡
P‡Rj
3. dvBj
d
4. ¯Œ¨vcvi
¯Œ
5. cvBc
c KvUvi
6. MÖvBwÛs †÷vb
7. fvj&
f f wmU KvUUvi
8. mvBW
m KvwUs cvqvm©
cøv
9. DWÕm|
D 3.5 : ¯Œz G·
·UªvKwUs
M. we‡kl
we ai‡bii wKQz n¨vÛ Ujm
Uzj :
¯Œz-G·Uª
G vKUi :
fvOvv †evë ÷v‡Wi
Wi fvOv Ask wmwjÛvi
w †nW
W, wmwjÛvi eøK
ev Ab¨
A †Kv‡bv avZz
a i e¯‘ n‡Z Z †ei Ki‡Z
Z e¨envi Kiiv
nq|
d¬vqvwis Uzjm :
Kcvi I w÷‡ji wUDe A‡Uv‡gvwUf †ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e e¨eüZ
n‡q _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i wW‡Rj BwÄb dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi w÷j
cvBcmg~n Gqvi UvBU ivLvi wbwg‡Ë cvB‡ci cÖv‡šÍ †gBj I
wd‡gBj d¬¨vqvwis Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|
M. AvDUmvBW
A g i : mivmwi µ¨vsK k¨vd
gvB‡µvwgUvi d&U,
K¨vgg-k¨vd&‡Ui Rvb©
R v‡ji e¨vm cwigvY c~e©e© ÿ‡qi cwiggvY
wba©viY
i Kiv hvqq| GwU Øviv GK wgwjwgU gUv‡ii GK kZ k
fv‡MMi GK fv‡M A_©vr 0.01 wg.wg.
w m~ÿ¥Zvvi cwigvc chh©šÍ
MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e|
N. BbmvBW
B gvBB‡µvwgUvi : GwU Øviv 0.01 wg.wg. G
m~²Zvi
Z ch©šÍ wmwjÛvi/wmwjwÛ
wm wÛªK¨vj e¯‘ wfZ‡i/Af¨šÍ
šÍ‡i
e¨vm
m gvcv hvq| we‡kl
w K‡i wmwjÛv‡ii
wm ÿqq cwigvcKi‡‡Yi 3.10 BbmvBW GÛ AvDDU mvBW gvB‡µvwg
wgUvi
Rb¨¨ GwU we‡klfv
fv‡e e¨eüZ nq|
nq
O. Wvqvj
W †MR/W
Wvqvj BwÛ‡KUKUi : wmwjÛv‡‡ii AvDU-Aee-
ivDÛÛ/†Ucv‡ii b¨¨vq ÿ‡qi cwi
wigvY GUv Øviiv m~²Zvi m‡‡½
cwiggvc Kiv hvq| GwU QvovII wf-eø‡Ki ÿq
ÿ wbiƒcY KivKi
hvq| wPÎ 3.11 : W
Wvqvj †MR
R. fvwb©
f qvi K¨vvwjcvi : e„ËKvi
Ë e¯‘i mivmwi e¨vvm
QvovvI AvDU mvB
vBW I BbmvvBW K¨vwjcv‡‡ii mvnvh¨Kvi
vix
wn‡m
m‡e| wmwjÛvii †evi I µ¨vsK
µ wc‡bii ÿq cwigv‡‡Y
mvnvvh¨ K‡i| wPÎ 3.13 : †Uwwj‡¯‹vwcs †MR
18 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
S. mvi‡dR
m †MR
R : GwU †K Kv‡bv mgZ‡j ji ÿq, U¨vcvi, †eÛ
n‡q hvIqvi cwi
wigvc wbixÿ‡‡Yi Rb¨ e¨eeüZ n‡q _v‡K
K|
K. ˆe`y
ˆ ¨wZK n¨vÛ ÛwWªj : GwU GKwU
G kw³Pvwj wjZ †ewmK n¨vÛ
n¨ wWªj
n‡jII Mvwoi ewW
wW wewìs I †givgZ
† Kv‡R
R Gi e¨envii ch©vß
cwiggv‡Y n‡q _vv‡K| GwU Qvov
Q ¯Œz-÷ªvKUi
K Øviv †evvì/÷vW
†eiKKi‡Yi c~‡e© GwU e¨envi K‡i fvOv †evì/÷¨v‡Wii †K‡›`ª
wQ`ª Kivi Kv‡R e¨envi
e Ki‡Z
Z nq| wPÎ 3.16 : ˆe`
e`y¨wZK n¨vÛwWªj
L.nvvB‡WªvwjK R¨¨vK/†gvevBjj R¨vK : A‡UUvwW‡Rj k‡cci Rb¨
AZ¨¨ek¨Kxq nvB‡B‡WªvwjK kw³³ Øviv PvwjZ
Z BKz¨Bc‡g›UU| GwU
cÖavbbZ `yBcÖKvii| †gvevBj R¨vKÑ GwU AvKv‡i †QvU vU Ges
o‡Z e¨eüZ AZ¨vek¨Kxqq Uzjm| GwU iv¯Ívq Mvwo
Mvwo
D‡Ëv
Ëvjbc~e©K †giivgZ, Uvqvi cwieZ©
c bKv‡j e¨eüZ
e n‡q _v‡K|
_ wPÎ 3.17 : nvvB‡WªvwjK R¨vK
IqvK
vK©kc R¨vK : wewfbœ ÿgZ Zvm¤úbœ GKvwwaK IqvK©kc R¨vK
GKwUwU A‡Uv‡gvwUf
f IqvKk‡c _v‡K| †QvU--eo meRvZxqq Mvwo
Kg©kvjvi
k †g‡S †_‡K
† wKQzUv Dc‡i
D Zz‡j G‡‡Z KvR Kivi
vi Rb¨
me©vwaK
w e¨KüZ n‡q n _v‡K|
M. nvB‡Wª
n vwjK †µ
µb/M¨v‡iR †µb : A‡Uv‡‡gvwUf Kg©kvj
jvq G
RvZx
Zxq †Kª‡bi ¸iZ¡
¸ c~Y© e¨ennvi i‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i BwÄb
wPÎ 3.18 : R
R¨v‡Ki e¨envi
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwUf †m±‡i
‡ii e¨eüZ Uzjm&
j A¨vÛ BÝUªUªy‡g›Um 19
N. Mvwo
M D‡Ëvjbb hš¿/†fwnK K¨vj wjdU : nvB‡WªvwjK kw³‡Z
cwiPPvwjZ wZb Ub
U ÿgZv n‡Z Z 16 Ub ÿgZv
ÿ e¨envii m¤úbœ
D‡Ëv
Ëvjb wkd&U A‡Uv‡gvwUf Kg©kvjvq e¨eüZe n‡q _v‡K|
cªKvi‡f‡`i
vi wfbœZv
Z _vK‡jI GwU
G Øviv Mvwo
o Dc‡i Zz‡j mvwf©
m wms,
†givvgZ I A¨vWRRv÷‡g‡›Ui KvRmg~
K n mn‡R
R I wbf©i Kiv
Ki hvq|
G QvovI
Qv Mvwoi I‡qjwWs
I wMªwRs
R w÷qvwis I †eª‡Ki Kvh©KvwiZv
K G wPÎ 3.19 : †µ
µ‡bi e¨envi
wjd‡
d‡U D‡Ëvjbc~e©eK mn‡R Kiiv hvq|
O. nvB‡Wª
n vwjK †cªm : GwU wUi mvn‡h¨ wewfbœ ai‡bbi nq|
AZ¨¨vwaK Pv‡c †K
Kv‡bv wRwb‡m
mi mvwf©wms ms‡hvRb
m ev we‡qvRb
w
Kiv nq| G Qvo ovI GwU Øvivv †Kv‡bv k¨v‡d
‡d‡Ui/e¯‘i/†UUbmvBj
†÷ªš’
š’ cixÿv Kiiv nq| G QvovI
Qv GKwU AvaywbK A‡UUv‡gvwUf
IqvK
K©k‡c wb‡P AZ¨vek¨Kxq
A B ¨Bc‡g›U I †gwkbmg~n e¨envi wPÎÎ 3.20 : nvB‡Wªvwj
BKz wjK wjd‡U D‡Ëvj
jb
Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
G †gwkbmgg~
† n BwÄb
B I Mvwo
wo †givgZ I wiKwÛkwbss Kv‡R
we‡k
klfv‡e e¨eüZ
Z n‡q _v‡K|
wb‡¤œ¤œ G¸‡jvi Zvwj
wjKv cÖ`vb Kiiv n‡jv :
1. Gqvi
G K‡¤úªmvii, 2..e¨vUvwi PvR©vi,
i
3. †eªKWªvg †j`, 4. MÖvBwWs †gwk
wkb
5. †j`
†j †gwkb 6.. ûBj e¨v‡jwÝwÝs †gwkb wPÎ 3.21t nnvB‡WªvwjK †cÖm
7. wWªwjs †gwkb 8. wmwjÛvi †evvwis †gwkb
9. wmwjÛvi
w †nvwb
wbs †gwkb 10 0. wmwjÛvi †nnW I eøK mvii‡dR MÖvBÛvii
11. Uvqvi †PÄvi 122. Kv‡bKwUs iWi GjvBbvi
13. †eªK Wvqvbv‡ggvwgUvi/cvwb‡‡eªK
14. fj&KvbvBwRss †mU
15. BwÄb Wvq‡Mvv‡bvRvi
20 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
O. GMR÷
G M¨vm
m GbvjvBRvvi : G Gbvj vjvBRvi evqy
`~lY †iva I Kvee©y‡iUi‡K dvBBb wUDbs Kii‡Yi wbwg‡Ë
e¨ennvi Kiv nqq| GwU Øvivv GMR÷ M¨v‡mi M¨ Kve©b
WvB--A·vBW-Gi gvÎv wbav©wiZ wi gvÎvi g‡a¨g ivL‡Z
Kve©©‡y iUi h_v_©fv‡‡e wUDwbs Kii‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
K
w 3.26 : GMMR÷ M¨vm
wPÎ
v vB v
P. f¨vKz
f qvg †M MR : Bwćbbi Bb‡UK †gwb‡dv‡jWi
†
k~b¨ZZvi cwigvY GwU
G Øviv cwiggvc Kiv hvq| k~b¨ gvÎvq
wb‡PP †b‡g Bwćbii Kg©ÿgZv nviv‡bvi
n w`K wb‡`©
w k K‡i|
cÖkœgvjv-3
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. †Kv‡bv wUDe A‡Uv‡gvwU‡fi †ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K?
2. wis B·cvÛvi e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb?
3. wdjvi †MR Kx?
4. †gvevBj R¨vK Kx?
5. Mvwo D‡Ëvjb hš¿ Kx Kx?
6. †Uwj‡¯‹vwcs †M‡Ri KvR Kx?
7. †÷ªv‡ev‡¯‹vwcs jvBU Kx?
8. MVbvbymv‡i n¨vKÕm †d«ªg Kq fv‡e wef³?
9. wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ fvj&f‡÷g ev †Kvb k¨vd‡Ui ÿq wbiƒcY Kiv hvq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvwUf Kg©kvjvq e¨eüZ Uzjm¸‡jvi bvg †jL|
2. A‡Uv‡gvwUf Kg©kvjvq Uzjm-Gi cÖKvi‡f`¸‡jv †jL|
3. n¨vÛ Uzjm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
4. KvwUs Uzjm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. G‡·j ÷¨v‡Ûi KvR Kx?
6. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †Uw÷s Bb÷ªy‡g›U ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
7. A‡Uv‡gvwUf IqvK©k‡c e¨eüZ n¯ÍPvwjZ Uzjm KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
8. Kzwjs wm‡÷‡gi wj‡KR †U÷vi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
9. d¬¨vqvwis Uzjm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
10. †gRvwis ev cwigvcK h‡š¿i eY©bv Ki|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvwUf Kg©kvjvq e¨eüZ Uzj‡mi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
2. AvDU I BbmvBW gvB‡µvwgUvi m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ †jL|
3. A‡Uv‡gvwUf Kg©kvjvq kw³PvwjZ Uzjm m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
4. n¨vKÕm †d«‡gi †kÖwY wefvM we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5. n¨vKÕm †eø‡Wi cÖKvi‡f` Av‡jvPbv Ki|
P _© Aa¨vvq
PZz
n¨vK
K mwqs c×wZ
c
Hack Sawing
S Process
P
4.1 n¨vKÕm :
n¯ÍPvwjZ
P n¨vKÕm Øviv avZe e¯Í
e y KZ©b cÖYvwwj‡K n¨vK mwqs
mw e‡j| cÖ‡KŠkj ‡ cÖhyw³ii e¨envwiK †ÿ‡Î
†
n¯ÍPvwjZ
P Uzjmmgg~‡ni g‡a¨ n¨vK
n ÔmÕ GK KwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡
¸ c~Y© Uzjm| m avZe LÊÊ ev avZe e¯‘ e ‡K
cwiggvYg‡Zv Gess nvZ Øviv cwiPvjbv K‡‡i Kiv‡Zi b¨vq b GwU Øvi viv KZ©b Kiiv hvq| cÖhyhw³i
µgwweKv‡k kw³ PvwjZ
P ÔmÕ-Gii e¨envi e„w×
w× †c‡jI cÖwZw`‡bi
wZ Kv‡R n¯ÍPvwjZ nn¨vK ÔmÕ-Gi ch©
c vß
e¨ennvi i‡q‡Q| †gKvwbKm
† Uzj‡mi
j g‡a¨ GwU wU GKwU ¸iæZ¡
Z¡cY~ © n¨vÛ Uzjm|
jm
n¨vK
KÕm †dª‡gi †kª
kªwY‡f` : n¨vvKÕm †dª‡gi MVbby
M mv‡i GwwU wb‡Pi `y cÖKv‡ii:
K
1. mwjW
m †d«g : Gi ˆ`N©¨ eo//†QvU Kiv hvqq bv| G‡Z Kv‡Vi
K nvZj _v‡K
_ I wba©vwi
wiZ cwigv‡cii †eøW
e¨ennvi Kiv hvq|
2. A¨vWRv‡÷ej
A j †d«g : Gi ˆ`N©
ˆ ¨ eo/†QvUU Kiv hvq I wewfbœ
w cwigv‡c
ci †eøW e¨ennvi Kiv hvqÑ
n¨vK
KÔm †eø‡Wi cÖKvi‡f`:
cwiggvY Abymv‡i n¨vKÕm
n †eøW `y cÖKv‡ii:
2500 × 12 ×0.63 3 wg.wgUvi
A_v©v©r ˆ`N©¨=250 wg.wg
cÖ¯=12
=
’ wg.wg
cyiæZ Z¡=0.63wg.wg
wg
3 × 26 × 0.80wg.wg
2. 300
A_v©v©r ˆ`N©¨=300 wg.wg
cÖ¯=16
=
’ wg.wg wPÎ 4.5 : n¨vKÕm †eøW
cyiæZ Z¡=0.80 wg.wg
wg
Avevvi wcP (Pitchh) Abymv‡i n¨vKÕm
n¨ †eøW‡K
K wZbwU fv‡M fvM
f Kiv n‡q‡ q‡Q:
1. †K
Kvm© wcP ev †Kvm© wU_ †eøeW
W:
G RvZxq
R †eø‡Wi cÖwZ gv‡c 144wU `uvZ _v‡K
K A_ev cÖwZ †m.wg
† 5 n‡Z 6wU `uvZ _v‡K
K| Ab¨vb¨ †eøeø‡Wi
Zzjbvq j jKfv‡e `u`v‡Zi msL¨v Kg| G RvZx
b GwUi wcPP eo Ges Zzjbvg~ Zxq †eøW mvaviiYZ Kv÷ Avqvqib,
gvBìì w÷j †jŠnR RvZ avZz KZ©©‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡‡hvMx|
2. wgwWqvg
wg wcP ev
e wgwWqvg †Kvm©
† wU_ †eøW:W
G RvZxq
R †eø‡Wi cÖwZ gv‡c 22
2 wU `uvZ _v‡K
_ A_ev cÖwZ †m.wg. 8 n‡Z 9wU `uvvZ _v‡K| Ab¨vb¨
Ab
†eø‡Wi
W Zzjbvq GwwUi †eøW ga¨g¨g| GwUi Øviiv nvB‡WªvKve©b w÷j, Uzjw÷j,
w÷ eªvm, Kc
cvi Avqib, cvBc
c
BZ¨v¨vw` KZ©‡bi Kv‡R
K Dc‡hvMxx|
n¨vK mwqs c×wZ 25
n¨vK mwqs (Hack sawing) : n¨vKÕm n¯Í Øviv cwiPvjbv K‡i avZe e¯‘‡K cª‡qvRbgvwdK KZ©b
Kivi cÖYvwj‡K n¨vK mwqs ejv n‡q _v‡K| GwU avZz KZ©‡bi mnR I eûjfv‡e cÖPwjZ GKwU c×wZ|
G‡Z e¨q Kg n‡jI `ÿZv I KvwqK cwikÖ‡gi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
n¨vKÕm †eøW fvOvi KviY : n¨vK mwqs‡q ch©vß `ÿZvi Afv‡e euvKv KZ©b n‡Z cv‡i Ges evi evi
n¨vKÕm †eøW †f‡O †h‡Z cv‡i| GwU QvovI wb‡Pi KviYmg~‡ni Rb¨I n¨vKÕm †eøW †f‡O †h‡Z cv‡i :
1. avZz †f‡` h_v_© †eøWwU wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j|
2. †eøW‡K †dª‡gi mv‡_ wX‡jfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e|
3. †eøW‡K †dª‡gi mv‡_ k³fv‡e jvMv‡bv _vK‡j|
4. KvUevi mgq gvÎvwZwi³ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j|
5. KvUevi mgq IqvK©wcP& ¯’vbPz¨Z n‡j|
6. KvUevi †kl cÖv‡šÍ Pvc †ewk cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j|
7. KZ©‡bi ¯’vb fvBm n‡Z `~‡i _vK‡j|
8. euvKv KZ©b †mvRv K‡i KvU‡Z †Póv Ki‡j|
9. cÖ‡qvR‡b ˆZjv³KiY bv Kiv n‡j|
26 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-4
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. n¨vKÕm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. n¨vKÕm-Gi wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL|
3. †Kvm© wcP n¨vKÕm †Kvb †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Dc‡hvMx?
4. KZ wWwMÖ †Kv‡Y cÖ_g n¨vK m cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq?
5. dvBb wcP n¨vKÕm †Z †mw›UwgUv‡i KqwU `uvZ _v‡K?
6. wgwWqvg wcP †eø‡W cÖwZ wg.wgUv‡i KqwU `uvZ _v‡K?
7. n¨vKÕm Kxfv‡e a‡i cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq?
8. n¨vK mwqsKv‡j Kxfv‡e `uvov‡Z nq?
9. n¨vKÕm †eøW‡K Kxfv‡e UvBU †`Iqv nq?
10. n¨vKÕm †eøW †Kvb w`‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡j Kv‡U?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. n¨vK mwqsKv‡j cvjbxq mZK©Zvmg~n Kx Kx?
2. n¨vKÕm-Gi Kx Kx hZœ wb‡Z n‡e?
3. n¨vKÕm †eøW †f‡O hvIqvi KviYmg~n Kx Kx?
4. n¨vK mwqs c×wZ avivevwnKfv‡e †jL|
5. n¨vKÕm-Gi wewfbœ Askmg~‡ni bvg †jL|
6. †Kvm© wcP †eøK ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
7. †kl cÖv‡šÍ G‡m Kxfv‡e n¨vKÕm Pvjbv Ki‡Z nq?
8. KZ©‡bi mgq n¨vKÕm †K Kxfv‡e Pvjbv Ki‡Z nq?
9. n¨vK mwqs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
10. dvBb wcP †eøW ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. n¨vKÕm ej‡Z ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? Gi eY©bv `vI|
2. n¨vKÕm e¨env†i mZK©mg~n Kx Kx?
3. GKwU n¨vKÕm-Gi wPÎ A¼b K‡i wewfbœ Ask wPwýZ Ki|
4. †d«‡g n¨vKÕm †eøW mshy³KiY c×wZ wPÎmn D‡jøL Ki|
5. n¨vK mwqs cÖYvwj wee„Z Ki|
c Aa¨vvq
cÂg
wPw
Pwcs c×w
×wZ
Chippping Prrocess
†Rbv
bv‡ij wdwUs Kv‡R
K hLb ZLbB
Z cmvi‡Yi cÖ‡qqvRb c‡o| wb‡P
wPwc‡qqi b¨vq avZz KZ©b I Ac
wPwc
cs‡qi we‡kl †¶Îmg~
† ‡ni msw¶ß
m eY©bv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j
jv|
1. †Kv‡bv Zj n‡Z AwZwi wi³ avZz AcmviY
A K‡ii
ZjwU‡K †gvU
vUvgywU mgZjjKi‡Yi j‡¶ ¶¨ wPwcs Kiviv
nq| ZjwU hw`
h eo nq, Zvn‡j wP‡ÎÎi b¨vq G‡K K
K‡qKwU fv‡MM wef³ K‡ii wPwcs Kiv DwPZ|
D MÖ‡fii
wPwcs cÖ_‡gg µmKvU wP‡Rj Øvi viv I c‡ii
Aewkóvsk‡K
K d¬¨vU wP‡Rj Øviv wPwcs Kiv
Ki DwPZ|
2. †Kv‡bv avZee LÊ n‡Z AwZwi³
Aw Ask, I‡qwìsKv‡j
j
R‡g hvIqv AwZwi³
A I AcÖ
A ‡qvRbxq avZz AcmviYY
Kv‡j wPwcs Ki‡Z
K nq|
3. wi‡fU KZ©‡bi
b †¶‡Î wPwc
wcs cÖwµqvq wi‡f‡Ui
w gv_v
_v
KZ©bc~e©K AcÖ
A ‡qvRbxq wi‡fU
wi ZvovZ
Zvwo AcmviYY
Kiv hvq|
4. A‡UvwW‡Rj Kg©kvjvq weqvwis-Gi
we g
g‡a¨ ˆZjbvwj
wj wPÎ 5.6 weqvwis ˆZj
jbvwj KZ©b
KZ©bKv‡j ivD
vDÛ †bvR wP‡R
Rj Øviv wPwc
cs Ki‡Z nq|
5. k¨vd&U, cywj, wcqvi Kx †K
K KZ©b ev †giivgZKv‡j wPwc
wcs Ki‡Z nq|
6. wWªj Øviv wQ`ª`ª Kivi mgq †K›`ª ¯’vbPz¨Z n‡j Wª KvU
vU cÖYvwj‡Z G‡K
G h_v_© ¯’v‡b mwi‡q Avb‡Z
A
WvqgÛ c‡q›U ›U wP‡Rj Øviv wPwcs cÖ‡qvRb
Rb|
30 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
5.5
5 wP‡R‡ji cÖKvi‡f` :
wP‡R
Rj cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi :
1. nU
n wP‡Rj (Hot chiesel)
2 †K
Kvì wP‡Rj (Cold
C chiesel) wPÎ t 5.9 nU wP‡Rj
2. †Kvì wP‡Rj : A‡Uv wW‡Rj Kg©kvjvmn VvÊv avZz KZ©b I wPwcs‡qi wbwg‡Ë wewfbœ Kg©kvjvq †Qwb
bv‡g †h KvwUs UzjmwU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K, Zv‡K †Kvì wP‡Rj e‡j| Uzjm-w÷j Øviv Kg©kvjvq †dvwRs
K‡i lo/AóvfyKvK…wZi evi Øviv I RvZxq †Kvì wP‡Rj ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †Kvì wP‡R‡j †Kv‡bv KvV
nvZj _v‡K bv Ges j¤^vq GwU 15-20 †m. wgUvi Ges Xvjy Ask j¤^vq 5-8 †m. wgUvi n‡q _v‡K|
cÖkœgvjv-5
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. †Kvì wP‡Rj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. d¬¨vU wP‡Rj Gi e¨envi †jL?
3. †KcwP‡Rj/µmKvU wP‡Rj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
4. wPwcs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. nU wP‡Rj Kx?
6. mvBW wP‡Rj Kv‡K e‡j?
7. i¨vK A¨v‡½j ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
8. A¨vjywgwbqvg, Kcvi I eªvk avZzi Rb¨ wK cwigvY KvwUs A¨v‡½j ivLv cÖ‡qvRb?
9. wPwcsKv‡j wbivcËvRwbZ Kx Kx cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq?
10. wP‡R‡ji gv_v e¨v‡Oi QvZvi g‡Z n‡q †M‡j wK e¨e¯’v †bIqv DwPZ?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wP‡Rj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? wewfbœ cÖKvi wP‡R‡ji eY©bv `vI|
2. wPwcs Kv‡K e‡j? wPwcs‡qi cÖ‡qvM †¶Î¸‡jv †jL|
3. wPwcsKvjxb mveavbZvmg~n †jL|
4. wP‡R‡ji i¶Yv‡e¶Y m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
l Aa¨vqq
lô
dvBBwjs cÖwµqv
wµ
Filiing Proccess
6.1 dvBj m¤ú‡
ú‡K© eY©bv
dvBj j GK ai‡bbi n¯ÍPvwjZ KvwUs Uyj| PjwZ evsj jvq
dvBj j‡K ÔDLvÕ evv Ô†iZÕ e‡j| dvBj Ggb GKwU n¯ÍPvwj wjZ
Uzjm hv‡Z AmssL¨ ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Zx¶è KvwUss c‡q›U _v‡K K|
e¨ennviKvjxb Pv‡‡ci d‡j dvBB‡ji DwjøwLZ Z `uvZmg~n e¯‘
¯‘i
wfZ‡
Z‡i cÖ‡ek K‡ii Ges m¤§yL w`‡K
w Pvjbvi mgq e¯‘‡K ¶q
¶
I gm„
g Y K‡i| myZivs †h n¯Í ¯ÍPvwjZ Uzjm Øviv avZe e¯‘
e , wPÎ 6.1 : dvBj
cøvw÷
÷K I Kv‡Vii e¯‘‡K Nl©Yc~Y e©K ¶q I gm„Y Kiv nq, n
Zv‡KK dvBj e‡j|
dvB‡
B‡ji MVb : dvBj wb‡Pi Pi Askmg~n wb‡q nvBw÷j
÷j
Kve©©b ev Uzjm w÷
÷‡ji b¨vq k³
³ avZz Øviv ˆZ
Zwi|
K. U¨vs (Tang))
L. wnj (Hell)
M. GR (Edge))
N. gyL (Face)
O. gv_v/wUc (Tiip) wPÎ 6.2 : d
dvBwjs
dvB‡
B‡ji †kªwY‡ff` : `uvZ KZZ©‡bi AvK…wZi
Z Dci wfwË
wË
K‡ii dvBj‡K PviiwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq :
K. wm‡½j KvU dvBj,
d
L. M. Kvf© Uz_
M. Wvej KvU/µ µmKvU dvBj,
N. †imc wP 6.3 : dvB‡j
wPÎ ji †kªwY‡f`
AvK…
KwZ Abymv‡i dvBj
d Avevi QqQ cÖKvi : †hhgb :
A. d¬vU dvBj (Flat
F File)
B. PZz
P ‡®‹vYx dvBj
j (Square File)
F
dvBwwjs cÖwµqv 35
C. †MvjvKvi
† dvBBj (Round File)
F
D. Aa©
A ‡MvjKvi dvBj
d (Half Founded
F Fille)
E. w·KvYx
wÎ dvBj
j (Traingulaar File)
F. bvBd
b dvBj (Knife
K File)|
6.22 dvBwjs (F
Filing) :
Amgg avZe e¯‘i Zj‡K Am msL¨ Zx¶è mggvšÍivj `uvZ
wewk
kó, AvK…wZi dvBj Øviv Nl©
N ‡Yi gva¨‡‡g ¶q K‡i
avZee KYv‡K AcmviYc~
A e©K mgZjKi‡Yii cÖwµqv‡K
dvBwwjs e‡j|
dvBwwjs c×wZ‡Z
Z avZe e¯‘i c„ô n‡Z Nl©
N ‡Yi d‡j
dvB‡‡ji `uvZ e¯‘
e ‡K †QvU †QvU KYvq KZ©b K‡i w 6.4 : Re d
wPÎ dvBwjs
AmggZj‡K mgZj j Ki‡Z ev AcÖ
A ‡qvRbxq avZz
a AcmviY
Ki‡Z
‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡ii|
6.3 dvBwjs c×
×wZ (Filing Processess)
wb‡¤œ¤œ wewfbœ cÖKvii dvBwjs c×
×wZ eY©bv Kiiv n‡jvÑ
K) †÷ª
† BU dvBwjjs : GB c×wZ
wZ‡Z dvBj‡KK mijfv‡e
Pvjbbv Ki‡Z nq|
µ dvBwjs : AwaK avZz
L) µm Zz ¶qKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë avZee
0
Z‡j
ji m‡½ AvbygvwbK
gv 45 †K
Kv‡Y G RvZxqq dvBwjs Kivv
nq| w`K cwieZ Z©b K‡i dvBBwjs Kiv‡K µm dvBwjss
e‡j| w 6.5 : µm d
wPÎ dvBwjs
M) WvqMbvj
W dvB
vBwjs : A‡c¶
¶vK…Z Kg avZ
vZz ¶qKi‡Y
†KvYYvKzwYfv‡e G RvZxq dvBwj
wjs Kiv nq|
N) Wª-dvBwjs : c~
c‡e©i dvBwjs‡‡qi AuvP‡oi `vMmg~
` n `~i
K‡ii avZe Zj I cvk¦©Zj‡K gm„
g YKi‡Yi Rbb¨ G RvZxq
dvBwwjs Kiv nq|
wP 6.6 : WvqMbbvj dvBwjs
wPÎ
36 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
O) ivDÛ
i dvBwjss : †Kv‡bv avZ
Ze e¯‘i †KvYYmg~n †MvjvKv
Kvi Ki‡Z ev †MvjvKvi
† IA
A_©-†MvjvKvi e¯‘i
Dcii dvBwjs Ki‡‡Z G c×wZ e¨envi
e Kiv nq|
n
6.4 dvBwjs-Kvj
vjxb mg‡q cvjbxq
c mZK
K©Zv :
dvBwwjs-Gi mgq wb‡Pi mZK©Zvmg~
Z n cvjb Kiv
K evÃbxq :
1. dvBwjs-Gi mgq
m m¤§yL w`‡‡K cwiPvjbv Kv‡j cwiwgZ
Z Pv‡c cwiPvj Z Ges cðvr w`‡K
jbv Kiv DwPZ
cwiPvjbvi mgq
m Pvc †`Iqqv DwPZ bq|
2. dvBwjsKi‡Yii wKQy mgq ci dvB‡ji `u`v‡Zi A¨v‡½
½j eivei w÷j
÷j eªvk cwiPvvjbv K‡i dvBB‡ji
`uv‡Zi ga¨ n‡Z
n avZe KYvYv cwi®‹vi Kivv DwPZ|
3. Wª dvBwjs Kvv‡j gvÎvwZwi³
³ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ bqq|
4. dvBwjs-Gi mgq
m avZzP~Y© cwi®‹
c viKi‡Yii Rb¨ Re ev dvB‡ji
d Dcii dzu †`Iqv DwwPZ bq|
dvB‡
B‡ji cwiPh©v/i¶Yv‡e¶Y
v Y (Maintan nance of Fill)
F : `xN©w`b
w` e¨env‡iii wbwg‡Ë dvBB‡ji
h_v__© cwiPh©v/i¶
¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨
Rb wb‡Pi cÖ`Ë wbqgmg~n cvjb
c Kiv DwPwPZ|
1. dvBj I dvBB‡ji nvZj‡K
K me©`v wMÖR I ˆZjv³gy³ ivL‡Z
i n‡e|
2. bZzb Ae¯’vq dvBj‡K Zvggv wcZ‡ji b¨vq
b bZzb I big
b avZzi Dc
ci e¨envi K
Ki‡Z nq, Abb¨_vq
Gi `uv‡Zi Zx¶è
Zx Zv bó n‡qq hvq|
3. Kvh©v‡šÍ dvBj
j‡K DËgiƒ‡c
c cwi®‹vi K‡ii wba©vwiZ fuv‡R
‡ msi¶Y Kii‡Z n‡e|
dvBwjs cÖwµqv 37
cÖkœgvjv-6
AwZ msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. wnj Kv‡K e‡j?
2. PjwZ evsjvq dvBj‡K Kx e‡j?
3. `uvZ KZ©‡bi AvK…wZi Dci wfwË K‡i dvBj‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
4. w`K cwieZ©b K‡i dvBwjs Kiv‡K Kx e‡j?
5. dvBj I dvB‡ji nvZj‡K me©`v wK gy³ ivL‡Z nq?
6. U¨vs Kv‡K e‡j?
7. Wª dvBwjs Kx?
8. wm‡½j KvU dvBj Kv‡K e‡j?
9. Wª dvBwjs Kv‡j gvÎvwZwi³ Kx Kiv DwPZ bq?
10. wUc Kv‡K e‡j?
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. dvBj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. Wvej KvU dvB‡ji `uvZ¸‡jv Kxiƒc Ae¯’vq _v‡K?
3. GKwU dvBj Kx Kx Ask wb‡q MwVZ?
4. dvBwjs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. Wvqv‡Mvbvj dvBwjs Kv‡K e‡j?
6. ev÷vW© dvB‡ji MVb Kxiƒc nq?
7. ivDÛ dvBwjs Kv‡K e‡j?
8. dvBwjs i¶Yv‡e¶Y ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
9. Wª dvBwjs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. dvBj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? dvB‡ji wewfbœ cÖKvi †kªwYwefvM eY©bv Ki|
2. dvBwjs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? wewfbœ cÖKvi dvBwjs c×wZi eY©bv `vI|
3. dvBwjs-Gi mgq †h mg¯Í mveavbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq Zv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
4. dvBwjs-Gi i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5. dvB‡ji cÖ‡qvM †¶Î ev e¨envi D‡jøL Ki|
mßg Aa¨vq
avZe wk‡Ui wmwgs c×wZ
Seaming Process on Sheet Metal
1. wm‡½j wmwgs c×wZ (Single Seamming Process) : cvZjv avZe wk‡Ui †Rvov †`Iqvi
cÖvšÍØq‡K GKwU gvÎ fuvR w`‡q Ges GKwU g‡a¨ AciwU Gu‡U w`‡q G RvZxq †Rvov †`Iqvi KvRwU Kiv
nq| A‡c¶vK…Z Kg gReyZ I †gvUv wk‡U †Rvov †`Iqvi Rb¨ wm‡½j/GKK Kvgwo †Rvov Dc‡hvMx|
2. Wej fuvR †Rvov (Double Seamming Joint) : avZe wkU‡K `ywU fuvR w`‡Z G RvZxq †Rvov
w`‡Z nq weavq A‡c¶vK…Z cvZjv wk‡U GwU †ewk Dc‡hvMx| GwU GKK fuv‡Ri †Rvov n‡Z gReyZ|
wPÎ 7.3 : MÖæf fuv‡Ri †Rvov wPÎ wPÎ 7.4 : †KvYv †Rvovi fuvR
L. MÖæfW fuv‡Ri †Rvov : MÖæfW fuv‡Ri †Rvovi bgybv cv‡k©i wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z n‡jv| G †Rvov cÖv_wgK
Ae¯’vq Lvov fuv‡R †Rvovi b¨vq K‡iB cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z nq| P~ovšÍ Ae¯’vq Lvov fvRwU‡K euvwK‡q cv‡Zi †h
†Kv‡bv cv‡ki Z‡ji Dci ewm‡q w`‡Z nq| d‡j GwU Lvov †Rvov n‡Z AwaKZi gReyZ nq|
M. †KvYv fuv‡Ri †Rvov : G RvZxq †Rvovi bgybvI wP‡Î cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡jv| eM©vK…wZ/AvqZKvi
†Kv‡bv e‡·i †KvYv †Rvov w`‡Z n‡j G ai‡bi fuv‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb|
g~jZ GwU MÖæfW †Rvovi g‡ZvB, Z‡e Gi Dc‡ii cvZwU 900-†Z
cybivq fuvR n‡q wb‡Pi cv‡Zi mv‡_ LvovLvwofv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i|
N. Zjv fuv‡Ri †Rvov : Zjv †Rvovi fuv‡Ri bgybv wP‡Î †`L‡bv
n‡jv| G ai‡bi †Rvov gReyZ I wjK cÖæd n‡q _v‡K| KviY G
RvZxq †Rvovi Dc‡ii cÖvšÍ `y evi K‡i fuvR n‡q _v‡K, hv G‡K wPÎ 7.5 : Zjv †Rvovi fuvR
gReyZ I wjK cÖæd Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
40 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
K. Wvej fuv‡Ri Lvov †Rvov : G RvZxq fuv‡Ri Lvov †Rvovi bgybv wP‡Î cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡jv| GwU
wm‡½j fuv‡Ri Lvov †Rvovi g‡ZvB wk‡Ui Dci LvovLvwofv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i †Rvovi wbwg‡Ë Dfq
cÖv‡šÍi fuvR `yÕ`dvq †gvov‡bv _v‡K|
wPÎ 7.6 : Wvej fuv‡Ri Lvov †Rvov wPÎ 7.7 : †WªmW †Rvov
L. †WªmW (Dressed) †Rvov : †WªmW fuv‡Ri †Rvovi `yB cÖvšÍ `yB `dvq wP‡Îi b¨vq fuvR K‡i GK
cv‡ki cv‡Zi mv‡_ †nwj‡q mshy³ K‡i †`Iqv nq| Zvici G‡K WvB Uzjm ev †nvwìs Avc Uzj‡mi
mvnv‡h¨ wcwU‡q A‡c¶vK…Zfv‡e gReyZ Kiv nq| gReyZ I wjK cÖæ‡di Rb¨ GwU h_v_© †Rvov|
M. WªvBf w¯øc †Rvov : G †Rvovi `yB cÖvšÍ wP‡Îi b¨vq G‡K Ac‡ii
wecixZ w`‡K fuvR nq| WªvBf w¯øc bv‡g Z…Zxq Ab¨ GKwU LʇK
wfZ‡ii w`‡K fuvR K‡i †`Iqv cÖv‡šÍi m‡½ hy³ K‡i †`Iqv nq|
Zvici h_v_© †nvwìs Uzjm Øviv wcwU‡q G‡K gReyZ Kiv nq| wmg
†Rvov A‡c¶v GwU gReyZ|
cÖkœgvjv-7
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. mvaviYZ Kx Kx e¨envh© wRwbm ˆZwiKi‡Y wmwgs c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq?
2. wmwgs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
3. wmwgs c×wZ Kxiƒc cyiæ‡Z¡i avZzi †¶‡Î Dc‡hvMx nq?
4. Wej fuvR †Rvov ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. †KvYv †Rvov fuvR Kv‡K e‡j?
6. Wej fuv‡Ri Lvov †Rvov Kx?
7. Wej wmwgs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
8. †WªmW †Rvov Kv‡K e‡j?
9. †KvYv fuv‡Ri †Rvov ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
10. Zjv fuv‡Ri †Rvov ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wmwgs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? wmwgs c×wZ cÖKvi‡f‡`i ZvwjKvwU †jL|
2. wm‡½j wmwgs c×wZi eY©bv `vI|
3. wm‡½j †Kvbv †Rvovi fuv‡Ri wPÎ Gu‡K †`LvI|
4. Wvej wmwgs c×wZi eY©bv `vI|
5. †WªmW †Rvov I WªvBf w¯øc †Rvovi cv_©K¨ †`LvI|
Aóg Aa¨vq
†mvìvwis cÖwµqv
Soldering Process
1. †mvìvwis wjW : wUb I A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi b¨vq big avZe c`v‡_©i mswgkª‡Y GwU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| GwU mv`v Zv‡ii b¨vq A_P big Ges PvKvi g‡a¨ GwU cu¨vPv‡bv _v‡K| †mvìvwis Avqib Øviv
†Rvov ¯’vb DËß K‡i Ges †mvìvwis wjW‡K Mwj‡q wdwjs I ms‡hvMKvix avZz wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i
†mvìvwis Kg© m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq|
2. eiv· : GwU GKcÖKvi mwjW d¬v·| GwU Øviv †mvìvwis Avqi‡bi gv_v cwi®‹vi K‡i Ges †Rvov
¯’v‡b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j †Rvov ¯’v‡b gwiPv cÖwZ‡iva K‡i k³ †Rvov w`‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| mvjwdDwiK
A¨vwmWI A‡bK †¶‡Î G d¬v· wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| GwU e¨enviKv‡j kixi I cwi‡aq‡K GwU n‡Z
`~‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
3. d¬v· †c÷ : AvRKvj d¬v· wn‡m‡e DbœZ gv‡bi †c÷I cvIqv hvq| GwU cÖ‡qvM wbivc` Ges
gwiPv cÖwZ‡iva K‡i GwU DbœZ gv‡bi †mvìvwis Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
cÖkœgvjv-8
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. †mvìvwis ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. mvaviY †mvìvwis Avqib I ˆe`y¨wZK †mvìvwis Avqi‡bi g‡a¨ g~j cv_©K¨ Kx?
3. M¨vm GqviMvb †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?
4. †evZj M¨vm UP© Kxiƒc ¯’‡j e¨eüZ nq?
5. †eviv· †mvìvwis Kv‡R †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?
6. A¨v‡gvwbqvg †K¬vivBW-Gi e¨envi †jL|
7. DbœZ gv‡bi †mvìvwis Kv‡R AvRKvj d¬v· wn‡m‡e Kx e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K Ges †Kb?
8. †mvìvwis-Gi wZbwU cÖ‡qvM †¶‡Îi bvg †jL|
9. †mvìvwis Avqi‡bi wUP Kx w`‡q cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z nq?
10. †mvìvwis Avqib mwVKfv‡e DËß n‡jv wKbv GwU Kx Dcv‡q hvPvB Kiv nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. †mvìvwis K‡g© e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZi ZvwjKv D‡jøL Ki|
2. †mvìvwis K‡g© e¨eüZ KuvPvgv‡ji ZvwjKv D‡jøL Ki|
3. †mvìvwis c×wZi msw¶ß weeiY `vI|
4. †mvìvwis K‡g© cÖ‡qvRbxq mZK©Zvmg~n ZvwjKve× Ki|
b Aa¨vq
beg vq
wWª
Wwjs
w c××wZ
ocess
Drillling Pro
1. n¯Í
n PvwjZ †cv‡‡U©ej wWªj †ggwkb Øviv wWª
Wwjs
w
mvavviYZ I RvZxZxq wWªj †gwk
kb AvKv‡i †QQvU I nvjKvv nq
Gess mn‡R ¯’vbvšÍ
šÍi I D‡Ëvjjbc~e©K n¯Í Øviv
Ø e¨envi K‡i
Kvw¼
w¼Z wQ`ªwU Kiiv nq| G RvZxq
R n¯ÍPvwj
wjZ wWªwjs †ggwkb
Avevvi wZb cÖKvi †hgbÑ
K) mvaviYZ
m n¨vÛ
vÛ wWªj
GwU wMqvi †iwk
kI I hvwš¿K nvZ‡ji myweav wb‡q m¤ú~
m Y© wPÎ 9.3 : B‡jK
KwUªK n¨vÛ wWªj
wWªwjs
j c×wZ 47
wb‡R
Ri kvixwiK kw³‡Z
k cwiPv
PvwjZ n‡q wWª
Wªwjs ev wQ`ªKi‡Yi
K KvR m¤úbœ
m K‡i| MÖv‡g-M‡Ä AvRI
A
†mLv
Lv‡b ˆe`y¨wZK kw³ †bB, †m
m mKj ¯’v‡b Kv‡V
K ev cvZj jv avZe L‡Ê wQ`ª
w Ki‡Yi Kv
Kv‡R G RvZxqq wWªj
†gwk
wkb e¨eüZ n‡q ‡q Avm‡Q|
L) B‡jKwUª
B K n¨vvÛ wWªj
GwU eûj e¨eü üZ GKcÖKvii n¯ÍPvwjZ wWªwjs †gwkbb| GwU
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ kw³ Øviiv GKw`‡K ¯^í mg‡q Awa
waK wQ`ª Kiv hvq
h Ges
†h ¯’v‡b wQ`ª Ki‡
i‡Z n‡e B‡jK KwUªK n¨vÛ wWªj‡K †m ¯’v‡b
v‡ wb‡q
wM‡qq wQ`ª Kiv hvqq|
M) wbD‡gwUK
wb n¨v
¨vÛ wWªj wPÎ 9.4 : wb
wbD‡gwUK n¨vÛ wWªj
G RvZxq
R n¨vÛ wWª
Wªj †gwkb K‡¤¤cÖmv‡ii Øvivv cwiPvwjZ nqq|
fvixx KvR we‡kl K‡i KswµU I cvKv iv¯Í ¯vv wQ`ª K‡i fvOvi
f Kv‡R G RvZxq wbD‡‡gwUªK wWªj †ggwkb
e¨eü
üZ nq|
2. ¯’vqxfv‡e ¯’vwcZ
wc †gwkb Øvviv wWªwjs
wWªj †gwkb‡K wbw`w`©ó ¯’v‡b ¯’vqxfv‡e
qx ¯’vcb K‡i
K wWªwjs Kvh©
Kv m¤úbœ Kiv
iv hvq| G †¶
¶‡ÎI wWªwjs †ggwkb
wb‡PPi †kªwY‡f‡` wef³
w Kiv hvq
vq|
K) n¯Í
n PvwjZ †e  wWªwjs †gwk
wkb :
GwU IqvwK©s †e‡Â ¯’vqxfv‡e ¯’vcb Kiv _v‡v‡K| wMqv‡iii hvwš¿K
kw³
³ myweav wb‡q GwU
G wWªwjs KvRvR K‡i|
L) ˆe`y
ˆ ¨wZK †e  wWªwjs †gwk
kb :
GwU‡‡KI IqvwK©s †e‡Â ¯’vcb Kiv
K nq Ges GwU
G ˆe`y¨wZK kw³‡Z
wWªwjs
j m¤úbœ K‡i|
M) c¨v‡W÷¨vj
c wWªwjs c×wZ
GwU IqvK©k‡ci †g‡S‡Z ¯’vqxf
xfv‡e ¯’vcb Kiv
K _v‡K| msL¨vwaK
m
wQ`ªKi‡Yi
K Kv‡R GwU eûj e¨eeüZ nq|
7. ˆe`y¨wZK †gvUi (Electric Motor) : GwU ˆe`y¨wZK kw³ Øviv wWªjweU‡K AveZ©b K‡i|
8. cywj (Pully) : GKvwaK †QvU-eo cywj _v‡K| GwU WªvBf †eë
¯’vbvšÍi K‡i MwZ Kg †ewk Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
9. wf-†eë (V-belt) : †h wWªj †gwk‡b wMqvi _v‡K bv, Zv‡Z G
RvZxq wf-†eë _v‡K Ges WªvBf I wWª‡fb cywji g‡a¨ GwU ms‡hvM
msi¶Y I cwiPvjbv K‡i|
10. †Uwej jK wjfvi (Table Lock Lever) : GwU wXjv w`‡q †Uwej
Dc‡i-wb‡P D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq Ges wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b Abo ivLv hvq| wPÎ 9.7 : Pv‡K wWªj weU mshy³KiY
cÖkœgvjv-9
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. wWªj weU‡K e‡· Kxfv‡e †i‡L msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq?
2. wWªwjs-Gi †kªwYweb¨vm Ki|
3. wWªwjsKvjxb cvjbxq mZK©Zvmg~n Kx Kx?
4. wWªj †gwk‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wWªwjs Kx? Gi †kªwYweb¨vm Ki|
2. †e wWªwjs c×wZ avivevwnKfv‡e D‡jøL Ki|
3. wWªj †gwk‡bi wewfbœ As‡ki eY©bv `vI|
4. wWªwjsKvjxb cvjbxq mZK©Zvmg~n †jL|
`kg Aa¨vq
wi‡fwUs
Riveting
10.1 wi‡fwUs
avZe wk‡Ui †h `yB cÖvšÍ‡K †Rvov w`‡Z n‡e, Zv‡K cwigvYg‡Zv wQ`ª
K‡i Ges GK cÖv‡šÍi Dci Ab¨ cÖvß ¯’vcb K‡i, wi‡f‡Ui k¨vsK
wcwU‡q †nW AvK…wZi K‡i †Rvov †`Iqvi c×wZ‡K wi‡fwUs ejv
nq|
10.2 wi‡fwUs‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (Necessity of Riveting) wPÎ 10.1 : wi‡f‡Ui wewfbœ Ask
gvSvwi ai‡bi Pvc I Uvb kw³ mn¨ Kivi Rb¨ Ges avZe wkU‡K
¯’vqxfv‡e †Rvov †`Iqvi Rb¨ G RvZxq wi‡fwUs c×wZi †Rvovi cÖ‡qvRb nq| mvaviYZ B¯úvZ,
Zvgv, A¨vjywgwbqvg I Kcv‡ii b¨vq A‡c¶vK…Z big avZz Øviv wi‡fU ˆZwi nq| avZe wk‡Ui †h `y
cÖvšÍ‡K †Rvov w`‡Z n‡e, Zv‡K cwigvYg‡Zv wQ`ª K‡i Ges GK cÖv‡šÍi Dci Ab¨ cÖvß ¯’vcb K‡i,
wi‡f‡Ui k¨vsK wcwU‡q †nW AvK…wZi K‡i †Rvov †`Iqvi c×wZ‡K wi‡fwUs ejv nq| mvaviYZ wb‡Pi
KvRmg~‡n AwaK nv‡i wi‡fwUs †Rvovi cÖ‡qvRb c‡oÑ
1. evjwZ ˆZwi Ki‡Z;
2. Mvwoi ewW ˆZwi Ki‡Z;
3. Mvwoi ewW †givgZ Ki‡Z;
4. `ywU wkU‡K ¯’vqxfv‡e †Rvov w`‡Z;
5. wkU-†gUvj w`‡q wewfbœ AvmevecÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z|
2. cc wi‡fwUs c×wZ : cv‡k ki wP‡Î GKwwU ccwi‡fwUss c×wZ †`Lv‡‡bv n‡jv GB c×wZ‡Z n¯Í ¯Í Øviv
cÖmvi cwiPvwj
wbD‡gwUªK †cÖ jZ GK ai‡bii cc Mvb bvv‡g wi‡fwUs K‡g©
K i Rb¨ wewe‡kl Uzjm e¨¨eüZ
nq| G †¶‡ÎÎ we‡kl ai‡‡bi wi‡fU e¨¨eüZ nq| G †¶‡ÎI wWªj Øviv wQ`ª K K‡i Ges †m wQ‡`ª
wi‡fU cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q cc Mv‡bi
Mv mvnv‡h¨ †U‡b wi‡fwUss m¤úbœ Kivii c×wZ‡K cc c wi‡fwUs e‡j
j|
10.5
5 cc wi‡fwUUs c×wZ (Poop Revetin
ng Process)
1. cÖ_‡g cvÂ/wWwWªj Øviv †Rvvo ¯’vb‡K j¨¨vwcs Ae¯’v‡bb G‡b
wQ`ª K‡i wb‡Z
Z n‡e|
2. cc wi‡fU Mv‡bi
M ‡Ui g¨vb‡Wªj †bBj
b‡R‡jii g‡a¨ wi‡f‡U
cÖ‡ek Kiv‡ZZ n‡e|
w 10.5 : cc
wPÎ c wi‡fwUs cÖwµqvv
54 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
3. Zvici cc wi‡f‡Ui Aci cÖvšÍ wWªj Kiv wQ‡`ª cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
4. Gevi cc wi‡f‡Ui Mv‡bi nvZ‡j ax‡i ax‡i Pvc w`‡Z n‡e|
5. wi‡f‡Ui g¨vb‡Wªj †bBj Lvbv Dc‡ii w`‡K DV‡Z _vK‡e Ges wb‡Pi cÖvšÍ‡K cÖmvwiZ I †MvjvK…Z
Ki‡Z _vK‡e|
6. hLb wi‡f‡U ch©vß Pvc co‡e, ZLb g¨vb‡Wªj †bBj Avcbv-Avcwb †K‡U hv‡e|
7. Gfv‡e cc wi‡fwUs GKwU GKwU K‡i m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
wi‡fwUs 55
cÖkœgvjv-10
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. wi‡fwUs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. Kx Kx Kv‡R wi‡fwUs †Rv‡oi cÖ‡qvRb nq?
3. Kvh©cÖwµqv †f‡` wi‡fwUs †Rvo KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
4. mxg wi‡fwUs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. cc wi‡fwUs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
6. cc wi‡fwUs-Gi we‡kl ˆewkó¨ Kx?
7. j¨vc R‡q›U wi‡fwUs c×wZ Kx?
8. evU R‡q›U wi‡fwUs c×wZ Kx?
9. wmg wi‡fwUs-Gi myweav I Amyweav †jL|
10. cc wi‡fwUs c×wZi myweav I Amyweav †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wi‡fwUs c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? wi‡fwUs c×wZ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL|
2. wi‡fwUs c×wZi cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI|
3. j¨vc R‡q›U wi‡fwUs c×wZi gvc¸‡jv †jL|
4. evU R‡h›U wi‡fwUs c×wZi gvc¸‡jv †jL|
5. wmg wi‡fwUs c×wZ KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? eY©bv `vI|
6. cc wi‡fwUs c×wZi eY©bv `vI|
GKv`k Aa¨vq
wewfbœ cÖKvi hš¿vs‡ki avZzi cwiwPwZ
K‡i †bIqv nq| Kv÷ Avqi‡bi g‡a¨ mvaviYZ kZKiv 2 fvM †_‡K 4.5 fvM Kve©b gy³ I hy³
Ae¯’vq _v‡K| Kv÷ Avqib cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi| h_vÑ 1| †MÖ Kv÷ Avqib (Grey Cast Iron) 2|
†nvqvBU Kv÷ Avqib (White Cast Iron) 3| g¨vwj‡qej Kv÷ Avqib (Malleable Cast Iron)|
iU Avqib (Wrought Iron) ev WvweøDAvB : iU Avqib (Wrought Iron) cÖPwjZ wewfbœ cÖKvi
†jŠ‡ni g‡a¨ iU Avqib me©v‡cÿ weï× Ges big| GUv me©vwaK 0.15% Kve©b _v‡K| cvWwjs ev
wifviev‡iUwi (hvnv cÖwZdwjZ K‡i) dvi‡b‡m wcM Avqib †_‡K Kve©b I Ab¨vb¨ AcÖ‡qvRbxq
Dcv`vb AcmvwiZ K‡i iU Avqib Drcbœ Kiv nq| PjwZ K_vq GUv‡K Ô†cUv †jvnvÕ ev Ôevsjv †jvnvÕ
e‡j|
cÖkœgvjv-11
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1| avZz ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2| avZz KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
3| A¨vjywgwbqvg avZzi e¨envi †jL|
4| †÷Bb †jm ÷x‡ji e¨envi †jL|
5| KvwUs Uzjm& †Kvb †Kvb avZz w`‡q ˆZwi nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| wewfbœ cÖKvi avZzi bvg †jL|
2| GgGm, GmGm, wmGm avZz m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb †jL|
3| wmAvB, WvweøDAvB avZzi e¨envi †jL|
4| Bwćbi wewfbœ hš¿vsk †Kvb †Kvb avZz w`‡q ˆZwi nq Zv e¨³ Ki|
5| wewfbœ cÖKvi KvwUs Uzjm& †Kvb †Kvb avZz w`‡q ˆZwi nq Zv e¨³ Ki|
Øv Aa¨vvq
Øv`k
A‡Uvv‡gvwUf †¶‡Î bvU,b †evvë I ¯Œz-Gi e¨¨envi
Usess of Nut, Bolt andd Screw Field
w in Autoomotive F
L) †ev‡ëi
† †kªwY‡f`
Y‡ : PZzfR ©y ev lofzRvK…
K…wZi gv_v wewk
wkó
`‡Êii Mv wN‡i cvP
cuv KuvUv avZee `Ê hv eÜb
Übx wn‡m‡e KvR
K
K‡ii Zv‡K †evëë e‡j| †evë ë cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi : eÜ Übx
wn‡m
m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡K †evë e‡j|e †evë cÖavbZ `y cÖKvi:
v wPÎ 12.2 : †ev
evë I ÷vW
1. K¨vc ¯Œz : Gi gv_v †ev‡ëi AvK…wZi nq| GwU Lyj‡Z I AvUKv‡Z cÖPwjZ †e e¨envi Kiv nq|
2. d¬¨vU ¯Œz : Gi gv_v mgvb Ges gv_vq GKwU LuvR KvUv _v‡K|
3. †evZvg ¯Œz : Gi gv_v †evZv‡gi b¨vq DuPz I GKwU LuvR KvUv _v‡K|
4. wdwjcm ¯Œz : Gi gv_vq µm AvK…wZi `ywU LuvR KvUv _v‡K|
5. Gj. Gb. Kx UvBc ¯Œz : G‡`i gv_vq MZ© K‡i Pvi‡KvYx/Qq‡KvYx LuvR KvUv _v‡K| G‡`i Rb¨
we‡kl ai‡bi Gj GÛ Kx e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
12.2 A‡Uv‡gvwU‡fi †¶‡Î ÷vW e¨env‡ii myweav (Aduantages of Using Stud for
Automomotive)
jwKs wWfvBmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU wWfvBm n‡”Q ÷vW e¨env‡ii myweavmg~n wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv
n‡jv:
1. Ggb AZ¨waK Pv‡c I Zv‡c KvR Ki‡Z
nq ÷¨vW Øviv Ave× _v‡K DËg| †hgb
BwÄb wmwjÛvi †nW|
2. ÷¨v‡Wi †ewkifvM cu¨v‡Pi Ask hš¿wUi
avZe As‡k cÖvq ¯’vqxfv‡e AvUKv‡bv _v‡K
weavq cuvP †K‡U hvIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg| wPÎ 12.4 : ÷¨vW Gi e¨envi
Gi AZ¨waK Pvcmn¨ Kivi ¶gZv †ewk|
3. evi evi mshyw³ I wehyw³i †¶‡Î A_©vr †h mKj ms‡hv‡M †Mm‡KU e¨eüZ nq, H mKj
ms‡hvM¯’‡j ÷vW e¨envi LyeB Kvh©Ki|
4. ÷¨v‡Wi wQ‡`ª XyKv‡bv _v‡K weavq AZ¨waK Zv‡c m¤cÖmvwiZ nIqv †iva cvq|
5. ÷¨vW wehyw³i ci cybtms‡hvM MvBW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges ms‡hvM‡K mnR I h_v_© Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i|
12.3 ÷¨vW, †evë I bv‡Ui g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ (Difference among Stud, Bolt and Nut)
÷¨vW, †evë I bv‡Ui g‡a¨ cv_©K¨mgn~ wb‡P Q‡K cÖ`Ë n‡jv :
÷¨vW Stud †evë Bolt bvU Nut
G‡Z evB‡i cu¨vP _v‡K| G‡ZI evB‡i c¨vuP _v‡K| GwU wfZ‡i c¨vuP _v‡K|
Gi †nW ej‡Z wKQy †bB| Gi wewfbœ AvK…wZi †nW i‡q‡Q GwU wewfbœ AvK…wZ i‡q‡Q wKš‘ †nW
I †Uj ej‡Z wKQy †bB|
Gi Dc‡ii wb‡Pi `yB As‡k GwU †nW Gi wb‡P ev m¤ú~Y© †Uj Gi wQ‡`ªi wfZ‡ii m¤ú~Y© As‡k
c¨vuP _v‡K| Gi ewW‡Z cu¨vP _v‡K| cu¨vP _v‡K|
62 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
Gi me©vwaK cu¨v‡Pi AskwU ewoi Gi ewW m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AcmviY I G‡KI m¤ú~Y© AcmviYc~e©K
c¨uv‡Pi mv‡_ AwaKvsk mg‡q ms‡hvR‡bi gva¨‡g hš¿vsk ms‡hvRb I we‡qvR‡bi KvR Ki‡Z
AvUKv‡bv _v‡K weavq ewW ms‡hvRb I we‡qvRb Kiv nq| nq|
Acmvi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Kg c‡o|
G‡K eÜbx wn‡m‡e e¨envi G‡K eÜbx wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z GwU ÷vW I †evë‡K eÜbx wn‡m‡e
Ki‡Z bv‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb nq| ïaygvÎ †_ªv-AvDU †ev‡ëi †¶‡Î e¨envi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨Kvjx wn‡m‡e
bv‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb nq| e¨eüZ nq|
GwU AwaK Pvc I Zv‡c KvR GwU AwaK Pv‡c KvR KiZ m¶g| GiI ÷vwW I †ev‡ëi mvnvh¨Kvix
Ki‡Z m¶g| wn‡m‡e AwaK Pv‡c I Zv‡c KvR
Ki‡Z m¶g|
GwU Lyj‡Z ÷vwW G·UªvK‡U‡ii GwU Lyj‡Z wewfbœ mvB‡Ri I GwU Lyj‡Z I wewfbœ mvBR I
cÖ‡qvRb nq| UvB‡ci †i‡Äi cÖ‡qvRb nq| UvB‡ci †i‡Äi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
GwU avZz wbwg©Z `ÊvK…wZi BnvI avZz wbwg©Z `ÊvK…wZi GwU avZz wbwg©Z LÊvK…wZi|
cÖkœgvjv-12
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. jwKs e¨e¯’vmg~‡ni bvg †jL|
2. ¯Œz I wcb jwKs bv‡Ui e¨envi c×wZ †jL|
3. Iqvkvi jwKs-Gi KvR Kx?
4. Bwćb jwKs wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL|
5. Bwćbi †¶‡Î jwKs e¨e¯’vi †¶Î I e¨envi †jL|
6. ¯Œz Kx? wewfbœ cÖKvi ¯Œz¸‡jvi bvg †jL|
7. bvU Kx? wewfbœ cÖKvi bv‡Ui bvg †jL|
8. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †¶‡Î ÷v‡Wi e¨envi †jL|
9. A‡Uv‡gvwUf †¶‡Î U‡K©i ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki|
10. bvU, †evë ev ÷v‡Wi †¶Î¸‡jv Kx Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wewfbœ cÖKvi bvU, †evë I ¯Œz eÜbx Kv‡K e‡j? Gi eY©bv `vI|
2. A‡Uv‡gvwUf ev Bwćbi †¶‡Î ÷vW-Gi e¨envi D‡jøL Ki|
3. A‡Uv‡gvwUf ev Bwćbi U‡K©i ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki|
4. †nwjK¨vj e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
5. bvU, †evë I ÷vW Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|
·qv`k Aa¨vq
¯Œ¨vwcs c×wZ
Scraping Process
13.1 ¯Œ¨vwcs (Scraping)
†h cÖwµqv big avZz ¶q K‡i Kvw•¶Z AvK…wZ I mvB‡R
Avbq‡bi Rb¨ Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î h_v_© Agm„YZv
`~i K‡i, gm„YZv Avbq‡bi wbwg‡Ë ¯Œzqvi Øviv N‡l avZz
¶q Kiv †KŠkjMZ ¯Œvwcs| AZGe ¯Œ¨v‡ci bvgK
n¯ÍPvwjZ KvwUs-Uzjm Øviv big avZzi n‡Z wPwýZ A_ev
AmgZj avZz ¯^v¯’¨ cwigv‡Y KvU©bc~e©K AcmviY K‡i
avZzi Z‡j Kvw•¶Z ev h_v_© mgZv Avbq‡bi cÖwµqv‡K
GK K_vq-¯‹¨vwUs ejv n‡q _v‡K|
13.5 : cÖKvi †f
f‡` ¯Œ¨vcs c×wZi eY©bv
b
1. cÖ_gZ mvi‡d dR †M‡R is i †g‡L mgZ Zj‡K H e¨‡q ‡qi
Dci N‡l DuPzPz ¯’vbmg~n wPwý
wýZ Ki‡Z n‡‡e|
2. GK nv‡Z ¯Œ¨¨vcv‡ii nvZj j‡K a‡i Ab¨¨ nv‡Z Pvc w``‡q
¯‹¨vcvi‡K kix
ix‡ii wecix‡Z Z cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
K n‡e|
3. ¯Œ¨vcvi cwiPv
Pvjbv K‡i wPwý wýZ gvK©mg~n Zz‡j wb‡Z n‡‡e|
4. ¯‹¨vcv‡i KvwU
wUs GR‡K f~wgi g mv‡_ 250-30
- 0 †Kv‡Y cwiPvjbv
c Kiv DwPZ|
¯Œ¨vwwcs c×wZ 67
5. ¯Œ¨vcv‡i cÖwZevi
Z 10wg. wgg. n‡Z 15 wg..wg. ˆ`N©¨ cwiiPvjbv Kiv DË Ëg|
6. ¯Œ¨vcvi‡K cÖwZevi
w .05 wgg.wg. n‡Z .066 wg.wg. Mfx‡iii †ewk Pvjbbv Kiv msMZ bq|
7. cÖ‡qvR‡b GK KvwaKevi mvii‡dm †Mv‡Rii gva¨‡g `vMM w`‡q Ges ¯Œ¨vwcs‡qi
¯Œ gvaa¨‡g `vM D‡Ë
Ëvjb
K‡i mgZj ¯Œ¨vwcs
¯Œ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq|
L) nvd
n ivDÛ evv weqvwis ¯Œ¨vvwcs
1. G RvZxq ¯Œ¨Œ¨vwcs‡qi †¶‡‡Î U¨v½yjvi ev e nvd ivDÛ Û
¯Œ¨vcvi e¨env
nvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|_
2. cøvgvi ey‡K Ave×
A K‡i, k¨vdU
k¨ Nywi‡q `yB L‡Ê wef³
³
weqvwis‡qi DuPzPz ¯’vbmg~n wP‡ÎÎi b¨vq wPwýZZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. GKwU GKwU wU K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K Z LʇK fvB‡m f Ave×
×
Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. G †¶‡Î ¯‹¨vcvi
¯‹ 250-3 300 †Kv‡Y cv‡ki w`‡K K
cwiPvjbv Kii‡Z n‡e|
5. wPwýZ DuPz ¯’vbmg~n ax‡i ax‡i ¯Œ¨vwcs K‡i AwZwi³ ³
avZz AcmviYY Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. cÖwZ evi 10--15 wg.wg. ˆ`N `N©¨ I .05-.06 wg.wg. Mfx‡‡ii †ewk ¯Œ¨vcvi
v cwiPvjbbv Kiv DwPZ bq|
b
7. cÖ‡qvR‡b Møvgvi
g ey‡K ev e¨envi‡hvM¨
e k¨vdU Øviv GKvwaKevi `vM
` w`‡q I ZZv ZvcmviY K‡i
weqvwis ¯Œ¨vwc
wcs m¤úbœ Ki‡Z ‡Z n‡e|
13.66 ¯Œ¨vwcsKvj
vjxb mZK©Z
Zvv
1. me©`vq nvZjj hy³ ¯‹¨vcvi e¨envi Ki‡Z Z n‡e|
2. kix‡ii wecix‡‡Z ¯Œ¨vcvi‡K cwiPvjbv
c Ki‡ZZ n‡e|
3. me©`vq Zx¶è I aviv‡jv ¯Œ¨vcvi
¨ e¨envi Ki‡e|
4. ¯Œ¨vcv‡ii Zx¶
x¶èZv K‡g †M‡ M‡j Zv kvb cv_‡i
c avi
w`‡q msi¶YY Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. wbw`©ó MfxiZZvq A_ev ïaaygvÎ wPwýZ ¯’vbmg~n
GK‡hv‡M ¯‹¨v¨vwcs Kiv †kªô|ô
0
6. mvaviYZ ¯‹¨vvcvi‡K 25 -3 300 †Kvb me©e©`vq cwiPvjbbv wPÎ 13.7
1 : ¯‹¨vcvi‡K
‡K Luv‡R msiÿYY
Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z
K n‡e|
7. h_v_© †¶‡Î h_v_©
h ¯Œ¨vcvi wbe©vPbc~e©K ¯Œ¨vwcs
¯Œ Kiv DwPZ|
D
8. Wvb nv‡Z ¯Œ¨v¨vcv‡ii nvZ a‡i
a Ges evg nv‡Zn cwigvY g‡Zv Pvc w`‡‡q ¯Œ¨vwcs Kiiv DwPZ|
9. nvZ Øviv ¯‹¨vcv‡ii
v avi wbi
bix¶Y bv K‡ii Zv mgRvZxqq avZz KZ©b K‡i
K cix¶v Ki Kiv †kªô|
68 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-13
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. ¯Œ¨vwcs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. ¯Œ¨vwcs-Gi cÖ‡qvM‡¶Î D‡jøL Ki|
3. nvd ivDÛ ev weqvwis ¯Œ¨vwcs c×wZ avivevwnKfv‡e †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. ¯Œ¨vwcs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? GwU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
2. ¯Œ¨vwcs-Gi cÖ‡qvM †¶Î †jL|
3. ¯Œ¨vwcs-Gi c×wZ eY©bv Ki|
4. ¯Œ¨vwcs-Gi mZK©Zvmg~n D‡jøL Ki|
PZz
Zz`k© Aa¨¨vq
BwÄ
Äb M¨vm‡
m‡KU
Enggine Gassket
bb-†gUv
UvwjK †gUvwjK
K
K) A¨vm‡em‡Uvvm K) K‡iv‡MM‡UW/†XD-Av
AvK…wZi wk‡Ui M¨vm‡KU
L) KK© wkU L) †gUvjj †R‡K‡UW
M) ivevi M) ¯úvBiivj AvK…wZi cu
c¨vPv‡bv wk‡Ui
Ui M¨vm‡KU
N) cøvw÷K N) d¬¨vU †gUvj
† M¨vm‡K
KU
O) m¨vÛ †ccvii O) †MvjvKKvi mwjW †gUUvj M¨vm‡KUU|
P) `yB ev Z‡ZvwwaK AavZzi ˆZ
Zwi M¨vm‡KU P) fvix AvK…
A wZi mwjW W UvBc M¨vm‡K‡KU
Q) Pv‡c wµqvkx
kxj nvjKvK…wZi
wZ M¨vm‡KU Q) wmwjÛÛvi †nW M¨vm‡‡KU (bb †gUvvwj+†gUvwjK)
70 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
14.3
3 : BwÄb †nW
W M¨vm‡KU cwieZ©
c b †KŠk
kj
1. wmwjÛvi †nW W ÷v‡Wi bvU vUmg~n †¯úwm
mwd‡Kkb b¨vqq
AbymiY K‡i A_ev
A Pvicvk n‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡‡i Lyj‡Z n‡e|
2. †g‡jU w`‡qq †nW K‡qK KwU AvNvZ K‡i †nW G
M¨vm‡K‡Ui Dci
D n‡Z wKQQyUv wXjv Ki‡‡Z n‡e| †QvUU
†nW n‡j nv‡ZZ Ges eo †nnW n‡j IqvK©K©kc †µb Øviiv
GwU BwÄb eøK n‡Z AcmviiY Ki‡Z n‡ee|
3. Zvici cyi‡bbv M¨vm‡KU hZBh fv‡jv †``LvK bv †Kbb
Aek¨B Zv cwieZ©
c b Ki‡Z
Z n‡e|
4. †¯úwmwd‡Kk kb †gvZv‡eK K ev cwigvvc †gvZv‡eK K
cÖ‡Z¨KwU wQ‡‡`ªi m‡½ wgwwj‡q †n‡W bZz
b b M¨vm‡KUU
¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. wb‡`©k bv _vK
K‡j †nW M¨vm m‡KU wm‡g›U e¨envi
e Kiv DwPZ
D n‡e bv|
6. hw` †Kv‡bviƒc
c wb‡`©k bv _v‡K
_ Zv n‡j †nW † M¨vm‡K‡UUi gm„Y w`K eø‡Ki w`‡K ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
n
7. Zvici nv‡Z /IqvK©kc †K¬ K¬‡b G‡b †nW‡
W‡K M¨vm‡K‡Ui
Ui Dci Zvi c~
ce©ve¯’vq ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. UK© †i Øvivv wba©vwiZ U‡K©
K© ÷¨v‡Ûi cÖ‡Z¨KwU
Z bvU‡K
K UvBU w`‡Z n‡e|
n
9. UvBU †`Iqvii †¶‡Î wewb‡``©wkZ bv¤^vi A_ev
A ga¨ ¯’vb n‡Z UvBU †`Iqv
†` Avi¤¢ K Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. wmwjÛvi †nW
W UvBUKiY m¤¤úbœ n‡jI m¤¢¤¢e n‡j BwÄbb ÷vU© K‡i wjK
wj wbix¶Y K Ki‡Z n‡e|
BwÄbb M¨vm‡KU 71
L) Amy
A weav :
1. M¨vm‡KU cwi
wieZ©‡bi mgq D‡Ëvjb cÖwµqv
µ KwVb e¨vc cvi n‡q `uvovqq|
2. M¨vm‡KU wm‡gg›U cybte¨env
nv‡ii †Kv‡bv AeKvkB
A _v‡K
K bv|
3. M¨vm‡KU wm‡gg›U avZzi m‡½½ ivmvqwbK wewµqv
we K‡i avZz
a i ¶q ev ¶wZ
¶ K‡i|
4. wbw`©ó mgq ci
c M¨vm‡KU wm‡g›U
wm msi¶YY Kiv hvq bv KviY ZLb Zv
Z Kvh©KvwiZvv bó n‡q hvq|
cÖkœgvjv-14
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. bb-†gUvwjK M¨vm‡KU ˆZwii †KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
2. M¨vm‡KU wm‡g›U e¨env‡ii myweav I Amyweav †jL|
3. Bwćbi M¨vm‡K‡Ui cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL|
4. Bwćbi M¨vm‡K‡Ui cÖKvi‡f` ev †kªwY‡f` D‡jøL Ki|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. BwÄb †nW M¨vm‡KU cwieZ©b †KŠkj D‡jøL Ki|
2. M¨vm‡KU wm‡g›U e¨env‡ii myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv wee„Z Ki|
3. BwÄb M¨vm‡KU e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL|
4. BwÄb M¨vm‡K‡Ui cÖKvi‡f` Av‡jvPbv Ki|
cÂ`k Aa¨vq
BwÄb weqvwis‡qi e¨envi
Uses of Engine Bearing
weqvwis
− wbWj − †kj
− †mjd G¨vjvBwbs
− ej weqvwis
cÖkœgvjv-15
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. weqvwis g¨v‡Uwiq¨vj‡mi ¸Y¸‡jv Kx Kx?
2. †kj I ej weqvwis-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
3. †jvW I cÖ‡qvM Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. Bwćb weqvwis e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv `vI|
2. †kj weqvwis I ej weqvwis-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
3. BwÄb weqvwis-Gi e¨envi †jL|
4. weqvwis †g‡Uwiqvjm&-Gi ¸Yv¸Y Av‡jvPbv Ki|
†lvok Aa¨vq
A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji (Mvwoi) wewfbœ Askmg~n
cÖkœgvjv-16
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvevBj ewWi wewfbœ Ask¸‡jvi e¨envi †jL|
2. Bwćbi †Pwmm miÄvgvw`i ZvwjKv †jL|
3. A‡Uv‡gvevBj ewWi m¤úK© D‡jøL Ki|
4. A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv Kx Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji wewfbœ Askmg~n wee„Z Ki|
2. Bwćbi †Pwmm miÄvgvw`i bvg¸‡jv †jL|
3. A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji i¶Yv‡e¶Y m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb †jL|
mß
ß`k Aa¨¨vq
BwÄ
wÄb I Bwćbi
Bw †kª
† wYwef fvM
Enngine and its Claassificatiion
17.3
3 †÷ªvK‡f‡`` Bwćbi cªKvi‡f` (T ngine Acceesding to tthe Storke)) :
Types of En
†÷ªvK
K‡f‡` BwÄb cÖavbZ 2 cÖKvi|
K h_v-
1) Uz †÷ªvK BwÄbb 2) †dvi †÷ª
÷ªvK BwÄb
1| Uz †÷ªvK BwÄb
Äb
†h Bwćbi
B wµqv PviwU Pµ A_©A vr mvKkvb,, K‡gcÖkb, cvIqvi
c I
GMRRv÷ wc÷‡bii `yB Nv‡Z evv Uy †÷ªvK m¤ú
¤úbœ nq, Zv‡K
K Uy-†÷ªvK
ev `yB NvZ wewkóó BwÄb e‡j| G `yB NvZ Z m¤úbœ Ki‡Z‡Z µ¨vsK
k¨vd
d‡Ui gvÎ GK K N~Y©‡bi GKKevi cvIqvi cvIqv hvq| | Uz-†÷ªvK
BwÄbb Avevi `yB cÖKvi :
K) µ¨vsK‡KBm
µ ¯‹¨v‡fbwRs UvBc
c (Crankessse seavonginne type)
L) †eø
† vqvi ¯‹¨v‡fbbwRs UvBc (Blower
B seavvauging Tyu upe) wPÎ 17.1 : Uz-†÷ªvK BwÄbb
K) µ¨vsK‡KBm m ¯‹¨v‡fbwRs UvBc :
Bwć‡bi †¶‡Î wgKPvi
wg ev evZ
Zvm µ¨vsK‡K
KBRm n‡q wmwjÛv‡i
wm cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges wmwjÛv‡ii †cvov
†
M¨vm
m †ei K‡i w`‡‡q wmwjÛvi c~
cY© nq|
80 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
2) †dvi
† †÷ªvK BwÄb
B
†h Bwćbi
B PviwUU wµqvPµ wc÷
c÷‡bi Pvi Nv‡Z
Nv m¤úbœ nq,nq Zv‡K †dvi vi
†÷ªvK BwÄb e‡j| GB Pvi NvZ vZ m¤úbœ Ki‡‡Z µ¨vsK k¨v¨vd‡Ui c~Y© `yyB
N~Y©‡bi
b cÖ‡qvRb nq A_©vr GBB Bwćbi cwZ
cÖw 720 wWwMÖ
wMÖ cici kw³ w³
cvIqqv hvq| Awa
waKvsk †c‡Uªvj BwÄb¸‡jvBB †dvi †÷ªvK BwÄb| †dvi vi
†÷ªvK Bwćbi kã
k I ¶q Kgg nq, R¡vjvwb wbi AcPq Kgg Zv Qvov jye
A‡qj
qj Gi LiPI Kg nq| wPÎ 17.3 : †dvi †÷ªvK BwÄb
Bw
K) BbjvBb : GB †¶‡Î wmwj jÛvi¸‡jv Lvoov I †mvRvfv‡‡e GKB jvB‡‡b cici Ae¯ ¯’vb K‡i|
L) wf-UvBc : GB
G Bwćbi wmwjÛvi¸‡jv
wm wfÕ AvKv‡i mvvRv‡bv _v‡K| Gme Bwćbb cÖwZ
`ywU mvwi‡Z Ôwf
µ¨vsK wc‡b `y`wU K‡i wc÷
÷b evav _v‡K|
M) nivBR›Uvj A‡cvRW
A wmwwjÛvi : Gmee Bwćbi wmwj wjÛvi¸‡jv ci¯úi
ci wecixZZ w`‡K eø‡K 400
e¨eav‡b mvRv
Rv‡bv _v‡K|
N) A‡cvRW wc÷c÷b BwÄb : cÖwZ wmwjÛv Ûv‡i `ywU wc÷ ÷b ci¯úi wecixZgy
we Lx n‡
n‡q KvR K‡ii GB
†¶‡Î Bwćbii `ywU µ¨vsK k¨vdU GKB m‡½ KvR K‡‡i _v‡K|
wÄb : Gme Bwwćbi wmwjÛvvi¸‡jv GKB e„‡Ë mgvb †K
O) †iwWqvj BwÄ KŠwYK `~i‡Z¡ mmvRv‡bv _v‡K
K| G
†¶‡Î me¸‡j jv wc÷bB GKBG µ¨vsK wc‡bwc euvav _v‡K K| Gme BwÄ
wćb Kg RvqMv `Lj K‡ii e‡j
Gqvi µvdU BwÄb wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq|
17.5 R¡vjvwbwfw
fwËK Bwćbii cÖKvi‡f`` :
R¡vjvwbi
jv Dci wfwwË K‡i BwÄb‡‡K wb¤œwjwLZ
Z wZb fv‡M fvvM Kiv
hvq| h_vÑ
cÖkœgvjv-17
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. ewn`©vn I AšÍ`©vn BwÄb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
2. AšÍ`©vn Bwćbi †kªwYweb¨vm Ki|
3. †÷ªvK KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
4. `yB †÷ªvK BwÄb KZ av‡c KvR m¤ú~Y© K‡i Ges Kx Kx?
5. Pvi †÷ªvK BwÄb KZ av‡c KvR m¤úbœ K‡i Ges Kx Kx?
6. wmwjÛv‡ii msL¨v Abymv‡i BwÄb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
7. R¡vjvwb Abymv‡i BwÄb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. BwÄb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? GwU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? ewn`©vn Bwćbi wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL|
2. †÷ªvK‡f‡` BwÄb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? eY©bv Ki|
3. GKK wmwjÛvi wewkó BwÄb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? eY©bv Ki|
4. e¨env‡ii wfwˇZ BwÄb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? eY©bv Ki|
Aóóv`k Aa¨¨vq
BwÄ
ćbi hš¿
š¿vsk
ngine
Partts of En
4. wc÷b
w wis : GwU Pjbkxj
j wc÷b Gess wmwjÛvi Iqqv‡ii gv‡S
†cÖmvi
mv UvBU wmj msi¶‡Yi Rbb¨ e¨eüZ nqq| wc÷b wiss wc÷b †nW
n‡Z
Z ZvcI Acmv mviY K‡i| K¤^
K vbkb †P¤^v‡i gwej cÖ‡ek
k KivI wis
evavv cÖ`vb K‡i|
5. fvj&
f f : cÖvq AwaKvsk BwćbB
B Bb‡UUK Ges GMMR÷ fvj&f
_v‡K
K| GB fvj j&e¸‡jv wmwj
wjÛv‡i M¨vm cÖ‡ek Ges wbM©g‡bi
c_mmg~n‡K †Lv‡j
j Ges eÜ K‡i|
K GB fvj
j&f¸‡jv wmwj
jÛvi eøK ev
wmwj
jÛvi †n‡W ¯’vwcZ
vw _v‡K| wPÎ 118.7 : fvj&f
6. UvBwgs
U wMqvi : µ¨vsK k¨vd
dU I K¨vg k¨vdU-Gi
k mv‡‡_ mshy³
`yBwU wMqv‡ii gva¨‡g
g µ¨vsK
K I K¨vg k¨vdU-Gi
k N~~Y©b AbycvZ
wba©viY
i Kiv nq| GB wMqvi `yBwU‡K UvBwgs wMqvi ejv nq|n µ¨vsK
k¨vd
dU-Gi `yB N~Y©vq‡b K¨v‡g k¨vdU GKevevi †Nv‡i| †K
Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
Bwć‡b UvBwgs †PBBb e¨envi Kiiv nq|
6. UvBwgs
U wMqvii : µ¨vsK k¨¨vdU I K¨vgg k¨vdU-Gi mv‡_
m mshy³
`yBwU wMqv‡ii gva¨‡g
g µ¨vsK
K I K¨vg k¨vdU-Gi
k N~~Y©b AbycvZ
wba©viY
i Kiv nq| GB wMqvi `yBwU‡K UvBwgs wMqvi ejv nq|n µ¨vsK
dU-Gi `yB N~Y©vq‡b K¨v‡g k¨vdU GKev
k¨vd evi †Nv‡i| †K
Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wPÎ 18.8 : UvBwgs wMqqvi
Bwć‡b UvBwgs †PBBb e¨envi Kiiv nq|
7. d¬
dvB ûBj : GwU µ¨vsK sK k¨vd‡Ui cÖv‡šÍ †ev‡ë
ëi mvnv‡h¨
AvUKKv‡bv _v‡K| GwU cvIqvi †÷ªv‡K AwZwwi³ kw³ m Âq K‡i Ab¨
wZb †÷ªv‡K H kw³
k mieivn K‡i| d¬vB ûBj û wbgœwjwLZ Z KvR¸‡jv
K‡ii| Bwćbi wbw®Œ
wb q †÷ªvK¸wwji Pvjvq |
wPÎ 18.9 : d¬vB ûBj
j
1) Bwćbi
B MwZi fvimvg¨ i¶v¶v K‡i|
2) BwÄb
B Pvjy Ki‡‡Z mnvqK nqq|
3) K¬vP cwiPvjbvvq mvnvh¨ K‡ii|
Bwć‡bi hš¿vsk 87
Kzwjs
j wm‡÷g
1) †iwW‡qUi
2) †iwW‡qUi Avvcvi U¨vsK
3) †iwW‡qUi †j
jvqvi U¨vsK
4) †iwW‡qUi Avvcvi ûR cvBcc Kv‡bKkb
5) †iwW‡qUi †j
jvqvi ûR cvBBc Kv‡bKkb wPÎ 18.12 : K
Kzwjs wm‡÷g
6) †iwW‡qUi K¨¨vc
7) †iwW‡qUi Iffvi †døv
8) IqvUvi R¨v‡K
KU
9) cv¤ú
88 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
10) d¨vb
11) _v‡g©v÷¨vU
12) evBcvm fvj&f
13) †U¤úv‡iPvi †MR
†
wW‡R
Rj dz‡qj wm‡
m‡÷g
1) dz‡qj U¨vsK
2) dz‡qj wdëvii
3) †jv †cÖmvi cv¤ú
cv
4) †m‡KÛvwi wddëvi wPÎ 18
8.14 : wW‡Rj dz‡qj wm‡÷g
BMwb
wbkb wm‡÷g
1) †÷v‡iR e¨vUUvwi
2) BMwbkb K‡qqj
3) BMwbkb wWw÷w÷weDUi
4) ¯úvK© MøvM
5) nvB †Ubkb Zvi
Z
6) BMwbkb Pvwee
wPÎ 18
8.15 : BMwbkb wm‡÷g
Bwć‡bi hš¿vsk 89
÷vwU
wU©s wm‡÷g
1) ÷vwU©s †gvUi
2) †÷v‡iR e¨vUUvwi
3) g¨vM‡bwUK myBP ev m‡jb‡‡qW myBP|
wPÎ 18.16 : ÷
÷vwU©s wm‡÷g
cÖkœgvjv
jv-18
AwZ
Z msw¶ß cÖkœ
kœ :
1. Bwćbi w¯’i hš¿vsk ej‡Z
Z Kx †evSvq??
2. K‡qKwU w¯’i hš¿vs‡ki bvgg †jL|
3. weqvwis KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
K
4. Bwćbi MwZ
Zkxj hš¿vs‡kii bvg †jL|
5. Bwćbi jywe‡KwUs
eª‡ wm‡÷‡g
‡gi hš¿vs‡ki bvg
b †jL|
msw¶
w¶ß cÖkœ :
1. Bwćbi w¯’i hš¿vs‡ki bvgg †jL Ges eY©
e bv Ki|
2. Bwćbi MwZ
Zkxj hš¿vs‡kii bvg †jL Gees eY©bv Ki|
iPbbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. Bwćbi w¯’i hš¿vs‡ki bvggmn Kvh©vw` eY©
e bv Ki|
2. Bwćbi MwZ
Zkxj hš¿vs‡kii bvgmn Kvh©©vw` eY©bv Ki|
Ebwesk Aa¨vq
Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj
Working Principles of Engine
L = NvZ
Z ˆ`N©¨
= 3.11416
wK¬qv‡iÝ
qv fwjDgg (Clearance Volum me) : wc÷ ÷b wUwWwm‡Z Z Ae¯’vbKv‡j j, wU.wW.wm Ges
wmwj
jÛv‡ii m‡e©v”P cªv‡šÍi g‡aa¨eZ©x duvKv ¯’vb‡K wK¬qv‡‡iÝ fwjDg e‡j|
e G fwjwjDg †K Vc Øviv
cÖKvk Kiv nq|
†gvUU AvqZb evv †UvUvj fwj wjDg (Total Volume) : wc÷‡bi me©wb¤œ Ae¯’ ¯’vb (BDC) †_‡K
wmwj
jÛv‡ii kxl© ch©
c šÍ m¤ú~Y© Af¨šÍ
A ixY AvqqZb‡K †gvU AvqZb A ev †UUvUvj fwjDg e‡j| Ab¨ K_vqK
wK¬qv‡iÝ
v fwjDg Ges †mv‡qÞ Þ fwjD‡gi †hhvMdj‡K †UvU vUvj fwjDg e‡j|
e A_©vr †U
†UvUvj fwjDgg VT
= Vs + Vc|
M) cvIqvi
c †÷ªvK (Power Stroke)
S
Kg‡‡cÖkb †÷ªvK‡KK wc÷b wU.wW
wW.wm †Z †cuŠQv‡j
Q wgKPvi ¯úvK©
¯ MøvM n‡‡Z ¯úvK©
jvf K‡i G ¯úv úvK© wgKPvi‡K
K Av¸b a‡i †`h| G‡Z wgKPvi cÖRwjZ
R¡ nq
wc÷
÷b‡K cÖPÊ Pvv‡c wb‡Pi w`‡‡K av°v †`h| wc÷‡bi G †iwm‡cÖv‡KwU
wUs MwZB
µ¨vssK k¨vd&U‡K N~Y©b MwZ cÖ`vb
` K‡i| GLLvb n‡Z hvwš¿
wš¿K kw³ Avgi
giv Kv‡R
jvMvvB| GB †÷ªv‡K
‡ Dfq fvj&f eÜ _v‡K|
wPÎ 119.3 : cvIqvi †÷ª
† vK
N) GMR÷
G †÷ªvK : (Exhau ust stroke)
G †÷ ÷ªv‡K GMR÷ ÷ fvj&f †Lvj jv _v‡K Ges Bb‡UK fvj&f eÜ _v‡K| wc÷b
we.wW
wW.wm n‡Z wU.wW
wW. wm‡Z Mgbb K‡i wmwjÛvvi n‡Z †cvovv M¨vm †Lvjv fvj&
f ‡fi
gva¨¨‡g evqygʇj evwn‡ii K‡ii †`q| GB †÷ª † vK ch©šÍ mgvavb
m Ki‡Z
Z µ¨vsK
k¨vd
d‡Ui c~Y© `yB N~NY©‡bi cÖ‡qvR
Rb nq|
GB †÷ªv‡K wc÷ ÷b hLb wU.wwW.wm †cŠuQvqq BwÄb ZLbb DwjøwLZ KvR¸‡jv
K
cybivq
i Ki‡Z ïiææ K‡i|
K) mvKkb
m †÷ªvK (Suction n Stroke) : G †÷vK Bb‡UK B fvj&f †Lvjv
_v‡K
K Ges GMR÷ ÷ fvj&f eÜ _v‡K| GB mgq m wc÷b wU.wW.wm
wU n‡Z we.wW.
wm‡Z
Z Mgb Kivq wmwjÛv‡i k~b¨Zvi b m„wó nqq, d‡j evqygÊj
Ê n‡Z ïay evZvm
e
wmwj
jÛvi cÖ‡ek K‡i| K Uz †÷ª
÷ªvK wµqvPµ µ BwÄb¸‡jv nq †c‡Uªvj A_ev
wW‡R
Rj dz‡qj Øvviv PvwjZ nqq| e¨eüZ dz‡qj †f‡` Kvh© K cÖYwj‡Z wKQyUv
cv_©K¨
K i‡q‡Q| ZvB Uz‡÷ªv‡K K wW‡Rj Ges G Uz †÷ªvK †c‡Uªvj Bwwćbi
Kvh©©cYÖ vwj wfbœ wf
fbœ fv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|
wPÎ 119.5 : mvKkb †÷ª
† vK
L) Kg‡cÖ
K kb †÷ª ÷vK v (Comprression Strroke) :
G †÷÷ªv‡K wc÷b we.wW.wm n‡ZZ wU.wW.wmi w`‡K
w` avweZ nq|
nq GB †÷ªv‡K ‡
Dfqq fvj&e eÜ Ü _vKvq c~‡e©ei †÷ªv‡K wmwjÛv‡i
w cÖ‡ekK…
‡ Z evZvvm
msKz
KzwPZ n‡Z _v‡K
‡K Ges wc÷bb hLb wU.wW.wm‡Z †cŠuQvq ZLb wK¬qv‡iiÝ
fwjDD‡g evZv‡mii c~Y© ms‡KvPbb N‡U| GB mgq
m msKzwPZ Z evZv‡mi Zvvc
I Pvvc †e‡o hvq| Kg‡cÖkb †÷ ÷ªv‡Ki †k‡lii w`‡K Bb‡R±±i n‡Z wW‡R
Rj
dz‡qj ¶z`ªvbyKv‡ii wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i msKz
m wPZ I DËß evZv‡m mi
ms¯ú
¯ú‡k© Avmv gvÎÎB cÖ¾jb ïiiy nq| wPÎ 19.66 : Kg‡cÖkb †÷ª
ֻvK
Bwć‡bi Kvh©cÖYvwj
wj 93
M) cvIqvi
c †÷ªvK : (Powerr Stroke)
evZv
Zvm I R¡vjvwb
wb cÖ¾¡j‡bi d‡j
d cÖPÊ Pvc Pv ev av°vBB wc÷b‡K
wb‡PPi w`‡K avwe
weZ n‡Z eva¨¨ K‡i| BnvBB cvIqvi †÷÷ªvK| GB
†÷ªvK
vK n‡ZB µ¨¨vsK k¨vdU N~NY©vqb MwZ jvf
j K‡i| GB G †÷ªv‡K
Dfqq fvj&fB eÜ _v‡K|
K) Ea٩
E MwZ (Up pward Mootion)
wc÷÷b we.wW.wm n‡Z
n wU.wW wm‡Z‡Z Mgb Kivqq µ¨vsK †KB‡‡m k~b¨Zvi
m„wó nq| ZLb Kve©y‡iU‡ii m‡½m mshy³ Bb‡UK‡cvU©
B -Gi
G gva¨‡g
†mLv
Lv‡b wgKPvi cÖ‡ek K‡i| G Mg‡bi GKch©v‡q GMR÷ G I
UªvÝddvi †cvU© wc÷‡bi
wc ØvivB
vB eÜ n‡q hvq| ZLb wmwjÛv‡i
wc÷÷‡bi c~‡e©i †÷ª
† v‡K cÖ‡ekK K…Z wgKPvi msKy
m wPZ n‡Z Z _v‡K| G
†÷ªv‡Ki
v‡ †k‡l w`‡‡K wgKPvi ¯úvK©
¯ú cøvM n‡Z Z ¯úvK© jvf K‡i|
K wPÎ 19.10 : EaŸ©MwZ I wb¤œMgb
L) wb¤œ
w Mgb (Doownward Motion M )
EaŸ©Ÿ©Mg‡bi †k‡lii w`‡K cÖvß ¯úvK©
¯ wgKPv‡ii Av¸b awi‡qq †`q| G‡Z wgKPvi LyeB `ªæZ cÖRw¡ jZ Z n‡Z
_v‡K
K| GB cÖR¡j‡bi
j mgq wmwjÛv‡i
wm cÖPÊ Pv‡ci m„wó nq| G cÖPÊ av°vB wc÷ ÷b‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K
avweZ
eZ n‡Z eva¨ K‡i|
K GUv cvvIqvi ev kw³ ³| GB †÷ªv‡KKi †k‡li w`‡‡K cÖ‡ekK…Z wwgKPvi‡KI wKQz
wK Uv
KzwPZ K‡i| G wb¤œ Mg‡bii †kl ch©v‡q wc÷b hLb GMR÷ †cvU©U© Lywj‡q †`q,, ZLb †cvov M¨vm
msKz
evqygʇj
g †ei n‡Z
‡Z _v‡K| wb¤œ¤œ Mg‡bi GKeev‡i †kl ch©h©v‡q wc÷b hLb h UªvÝdvi †cvU© Lywj‡q †`q,
ZLbb µ¨vsK †KBBm n‡Z g„`y Pvvchy³ wgKPvii wmwjÛv‡i c‡ek cÖ K‡i| G‡Z
G bZzb wgK KPvi †cvov M¨¨vm‡K
wmwj
jÛvi n‡Z †eii K‡i †`q| Giy‡c `yB †÷ª ÷ªvK wewkó Bwwćb Ea©MwZ‡Z
Z GKw`‡K mmvKkb, Aci w`‡K
Kg‡‡cÖkb Ges wb¤
b¤œ MwZ‡Z cvI Iqvi, GMR÷ ÷ Ges wgKPvii UªvÝdv‡iÝ Kvh©
K m¤ú~Y© nqq Ges G‡Z µ¨vsK
µ
k¨vd
d‡Ui gvÎv c~~Y©Y© GK N~Y©vq‡bbi cÖ‡qvRb nqq|
2. UzU-†÷ªvK wW‡R
‡Rj Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj :
G BwÄb
B GKwU †eøeøvqvi wmwjÛv‡‡ii PZzc©v‡k¦© Gqvi wiRvf© Ges
jÛv‡ii wb¤œvs‡‡ki PZzw`©‡K KZK¸‡jv Gqvi‡cvU©
wmwj G wmwj
wjÛvi
†n‡W
W ïay GMR÷ ÷ fvj&f I Bb‡RKUi wb‡q w MwVZ| GB
Bwć‡b wµqvP‡µµi wµqvw` `yBwU gvÎ †÷ª ÷ªv‡K m¤úbœ nq|
Bb‡U
‡UK I GMR÷ ÷
wPÎ 19.11 : Uz-†÷ª
÷vK
v wW‡Rj Bwć‡bi
K) Ea©
E Mgb (Up pward Mootion)
wc÷
÷‡bi wb¤œ Mgg‡bi †k‡l Ges
G avi Ea©Mg‡bi
M ïiæ‡Z
Z †m
mgqq Bb‡jU †cvvU©mg~n †Lvjvv _v‡K H mggq wmwjÛvii ïay
evZv
Zvm Øviv c~Y© nq| AZtcii wc÷‡bi Ea© E Mg‡bi Bbb‡jU
†cvU©U©¸‡jv eÜ n‡q
n hvIqvq wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡ekK…Z evZvmev
msKz
KzwPZ n‡Z _v‡K|
_v wc÷b hLb Ea©Mg‡bi
g †kl ch©
c v‡q
†cŠuQvq,
Q ZLb G Ae¯’A vq dz‡qjj DËß evZv‡m
‡mi ms¯ú‡k© Avmv
A wP 19.12 : DaŸŸ©MwZ I wb¤œMgbb
wPÎ
gvÎ R¡‡j I‡V|
Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj 95
GBiƒc wc÷‡bi Ea©Mg‡bi ïiæ‡Z wmwjÛvi evZvm cÖ‡ek AZtci Kg‡cÖkb Ges †kl ch©v‡q dz‡qj
Bb‡RKkb DËß evZv‡m m‡½ wgkÖY Ges cÖR¡j‡bi ïiæ BZ¨vw` Kvh©vw` m¤ú~Y© n‡q _v‡K|
L) wbgœMgb :
EaŸ©Mg‡bi †k‡l dz‡qj Bb‡Rkb nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wmwjÛv‡ii wfZi Av¸b a‡i hvq| GZ wgKPvi
LyeB `ªyZ cÖR¡wjZ n‡q _v‡K, wmwjÛv‡i cÖPÊ Pv‡ci m„wó nq Ges G Pv‡cB wc÷b wbgœMwZ jvf K‡i,
GUvB Bwćbi cvIqvi ev kw³| KviY wc÷‡bi G wbgœ MgbB Kv‡bKwUs i‡Wi gva¨‡g µ¨vsK
k¨vdU‡K N~Y©b MwZ jvf Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| wc÷b cvIqvi †c‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K bvgvi †kl mg‡q Bb‡jU
fvj&‡fi c~‡e© GM‡R÷ fvj&f GMR÷ M¨vm evqygʇj P‡j hvq|
G GMR÷ fvj&f eÜ nevi c~‡e©B Bb‡jU †cvU©mg~n Ly‡j hvq, G‡Z Pvchy³ evZvm wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡ek
K‡i †cvov M¨vm‡K wmwjÛvi n‡Z m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †ei K‡i †`q| G‡KB ¯‹v‡fbwRs e‡j|
G iƒ‡c wc÷b hLb we.wW.wm‡Z †cŠQvq ZLb D‡jøwLZ KvR¸‡jv cybivq Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| G‡Z
µ¨vsK k¨vd‡Ui gvÎv c~Y© GK N~Y©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
myweav :
1) GKB N~Y©‡b Uz-†÷ªvK Bwćbi Zzjbvq cÖvq wظY kw³ cvIqv hvq|
2) Uz-†÷ªvK BwÄb Zzjbvg~jK nvjKv|
3) G‡Z fvj&f _v‡K bv Ges G BwÄb mvaviYZ Gqvi Kzì nq| G Rb¨ fvj&f g¨vKvwbR‡gi cÖ‡qvRb
nq bv| G Rb¨ Gi MVb †KŠkj Lye mnR Ges msi¶Y mnR|
4) Gi `vg Kg Ges i¶Yv‡e¶Y LiP Kg|
5) G‡Z †QvU I nvjKv d¬vB ûBj n‡jB P‡j|
6) Aí mg‡qi e¨eav‡b cvIqvi cvIqv hvq e‡j Uvwb©s B‡dvU© cÖvq GKBiƒc _v‡K|
Amyweav :
1) Uz-†÷ªvK Bwćb wKQzUv †cvov M¨vm wmwjÛv‡i †_‡K hvq, d‡j wgKPvi cÖ‡e‡ki cwigvY K‡g hvq|
2) Uz-†÷ªvK Bwćb ¯‹v‡fbwRs-Gi mgq dy‡q‡ji AcPq N‡U|
3| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e cvIqvi †÷ªvK Kg kw³kvjx nq|
4| G Bwćb kã I ¶q †ewk Ges Avqy®‹vj Kg|
5| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e jye A‡qj LiP †ewk nq|
96 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
Amyweav :
1) G Bwćbi cÖv_wgK LiP Ges i¶Yv‡e¶Y LiP †ewk|
2) †ewk wWwMÖi e¨eav‡b A_©vr 7200 wWwMÖ AšÍi AšÍi cvIqvi cvIqv hvq|
3) mg Ak¦ kw³m¤úbœ GKwU Uz-†÷ªvK Bwćbi Zzjbvq †dvi †÷ªvK Bwćbi AvKvi eo Ges GKB
Kvi‡Y G Bwćbi d¬vB ûBj AvKviI Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e eo nq|
cÖkœgvjv-19
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. †c‡Uªvj I wW‡Rj Bwćbi myweav I Amyweavmg~n †jL|
2. †dvi †÷ªvK Bwćbi myweav I Amyweavmg~n †jL|
3. Uz-†÷ªvK Bwćbi myweav I Amyweavmg~n †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. Pvi †÷ªvK †c‡Uªvj Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj wPÎmn eY©bv Ki|
2. Pvi †÷ªvK wW‡Rj Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj wPÎmn eY©bv Ki|
3. wPÎmn `yB †÷ªvK †c‡Uªvj Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj eY©bv Ki|
4. wPÎmn `yB †÷ªvK wW‡Rj Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj eY©bv Ki|
5. †c‡Uªvj I wW‡Rj Bwćbi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|
we Aa¨vvq
wesk
Bw
Bwćbi K
Kv‡Ri m m¤¤úK©hy³ Z_¨mg~g~n
m‡½
(Relatedd Inform
mation of
o Enginee Work))
1. †eevi
wmwj
jÛv‡ii Af¨šÍ šÍixY e¨vm‡KK †evi e‡jj| BwÄb
wmwj
jÛv‡ii mvBR cÖKvk Ki‡Z Z G †evi Gees Gi m‡½
†÷ªv‡Ki
‡ cÖ‡qvRb nq| wmwjÛv‡‡ii mvBR cÖKvk
K Ki‡Z
cÖ_g †jLv nq †evvi Zvici †÷ª
ֻvK| hw` ejvv nq GKwU
jÛv‡ii mvBR 100 × 80 wg.wg.
wmwj wg Z‡e eyS‡Z
S n‡e G
†¶‡ÎÎ †evi 100 wg.wg.
wg †÷ªvK 80 8 wg.wg|
wPÎ 20.1: wm
mwjÛvi †evi
2. †÷ª
†÷vK
†÷ªvK ej‡Z wc÷ ÷b wmwjÛv‡iii g‡a¨ GwU wU m‡e©v”P
Ae¯’¯’vb A_ev wU.wW.wm
wU n‡Z me©wbgœ Ae¯’¯’vb A_©vr
we.wW
wW.wm ch©šÍ Mgb‡K
M jw¤^K `~iZ¡ AwZµ µg K‡i
G‡KK eySvq| †÷ª÷ªvK mvaviYZZ Bw ev wgwjwgUv‡i
wg
cÖKvk Kiv nq| wKš‘
wK Bwćbi wµqvP‡µ
w †÷ª
÷ªvK ej‡Z
wc÷÷b wW.wW.wm n‡Z wewWw Wwm ev wewW Wwm n‡Z
wUwWw
Wwm‡Z Mgb K‡‡i †h Kvh© m¤¤úbœ K‡i G‡KK eySvq| wPÎ 20.2 : †÷ª
ֻvK
†hgbbÑ mvKkb †÷ ÷ªvK, K‡¤úªb‡÷ª
‡ vK BZ¨vw``|
wc÷
÷‡bi wbgœ Mg‡‡bi me©wbgœ Ae¯’
A vb‡K eUgg †WW& †m›Uvii e‡j| wbgœ MgbKvjxb wcwc÷b G Ae¯’¯’v‡bi
Avi wb‡P bv‡g bvv| Uc †WW †mm›Uv‡i hvIqvii ci wc÷b †hgb Gi Mg‡g‡bi w`K cwie
ieZ©b K‡i, Aby
A iƒc
fv‡ee eUg †WW-†mm›Uv‡i hvIqvii ciB wc÷‡bbi Mg‡bi w``K cwieZ©b K‡i|
K
20.3
3 wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
mv myBdU
d fwjDg Ges wK¬qv‡iiÝ
fwjD
jDg kbv³KiiY
Vs-my
- ‡q›U fwjDgg
Vc-wK¬
- qv‡iÝ fwj
jDg
cÖkœgvjv-20
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. †evi I †÷ªvK ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. wUwWwm I wewWwm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
3. †c‡Uªv A‡qj wcw”QjKiY c×wZ †Kvb ai‡bi Bwćb e¨envi Kiv nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. †evi I †÷ªvK m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
2. wPÎmn wUwWwm I wewWwm wee„Z Ki|
3. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ my‡qÞ fwjDg Ges wK¬qv‡iÝ fwjDg †`LvI|
GKwesk Aa¨vq
Bwćbi `nb cÖwµqv
wP 21.1 : Gm.A
wPÎ AvB Bwćbi ¯^vfvweK
f `nb cÖwµqv
µ
G QvovI
Qv K‡¤cÖkb
k †iwkI, wmw
mwjÛv‡ii AvKKvi I VvÊvKiiY c×wZ K¤^¤evkb
e †P¤^v‡iii AvK„wZ BMw
Mwbkb
UvBwg wgs ¯úv‡K©i gvb
g fvj&e UvBwgs
Uv Kve©b wW‡cvwRU, Nl©
N ‡Yi cwigvYY G mKj k kZ© I mwVK ¯§y_
k c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Kg e¨¨m wewkó wmwj
K¤^vk‡bi ZbI Kg ZvB VvÊvKiY cÖwµqvq
wjÛv‡ii AvqZ wµ
GwU ZvovZvwo VvvÊv n‡q hvq weavq
w Gi K‡‡¤cÖkb †iwkII Zzjbvg~jKffv‡e †ewk ivvLv nq, hv‡Z Z GwU
†ewk k DòZvq KvR R K‡i `nb cÖwµqvq mvnvhh¨ K‡i|
myôz K¤^vk‡bi Ac ci GKwU kZ ‡mi MwZ‡eM hv K¤^vkb †PP¤^v‡ii DËg wgkªY ˆZwii Rb¨
Z© n‡jv evZv‡m
mnvqqK| GRb¨ †ewki† K vkb †P¤^vi Ggbfv‡e ˆZw
fvM K¤^ Zwi K‡i _v‡K
K hv‡Z Ave×K K…Z evZv‡m GKwU
G
N~Yv© qqb MwZcÖvß nq|
n
21.3
3 Bwćbi A‡U
‡Uv BMwbkb Ges
G wcÖ-BMwbk
kb KviYmg~n :
Bwć
ćbi A‡Uv BM Mwbkb Ges wcÖ
w -BMwbkb :
1. Bwćb
B A‡Uv BMwbkb;
B ev wcÖ
cÖ-BMwbkb msNsNwUZ nq, hLLb
Gqvii dz‡qj mswg
wgkªY, ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi ¯úvK© e¨wZ‡i‡K
e Abb¨
†Kv‡b
‡bv gva¨‡g †hhgb-R¡wjZ Kve©
K b, ZvwcZ GMR÷ fvj& jf
f
A_eev Zv‡c jvj n‡q
n _vKv ¯úvK K© cøv‡Mi ms¯
¯ú‡k© R¡‡j| wPÎ 21.22 : A‡Uv BMbwbk
kb ev wcÖ-BMwbk
kb
A_©vr
v ¯úvK© cøvM n‡Z ¯úvK© msNwUZ
m nIqvii Av‡MB hw`` `nb cÖwµqv Avi¤¢ nq Zvv‡K A‡Uv BMw
Mwbkb
A_eev wcÖ-BMwbkbb e‡j| GwU ¯^
¯vfvweK Kvi‡‡YB GmAvB BwćbB
B N‡U _v‡K
_ KviY G‡‡Z Gqvi I dz‡qj
mswg
wgwkªZ n‡q BwÄ
wÄb wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡Ö ek K‡i _vv‡K|
2. G wcª-BMwbkbb ev A‡Uv-BMMwbk‡bi Kvi‡‡Y Bwćb A¯^ ¯^vfvweK SuvKzwb
w I AwbqwgZ Z MwZi m„wó nq|
G NUbv
N Bwćbi K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡i v‡ wgkªY cÖ‡e‡ki
e ci †h †Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z Z© NU‡Z cv‡ii| wcÖ-BMwbkkb ev
A‡Uv
Uv BMwbkb K¤^¤^vkb †P¤^v‡i gvÎvwZwi³
g Zv I m„wó K‡‡i| mvaviY wewb‡`©
Zvc we wkZ ¯úv úvK© cøvM e¨env
nvi bv
Kivii Rb¨ Ges K¤^
K vkb †P¤^v‡i‡ gvÎvwZwi³³ Kve©b Rgv n‡j wcÖ-BMwb wbkb I A‡Uv BMwbkb msNNwUZ
n‡Z
Z cv‡i| G Qvvov Bwćb bK K ev A¯^vfvwe
weK SvuKzwb m„wó
wó n‡Z cv‡i hw`
h wba©vwiZ m mg‡qi c~‡e© BwÄb
B
104 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
wmwjÛv‡ii K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡i ¯úvK© msNwUZ nq| BMwbkb UvBwgs Gi ÎæwUi Rb¨ A_ev gvÎvwZwi³
A¨vWfv‡Ýi ¯úvK© msNwUZ n‡j G KvRwU n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z ¯^vfvweK wc÷‡bi EaŸ©MwZ‡Z AwMÖg av°v
covq weiƒc cÖwZwµqv Drcv`‡b weNœZvi m„wó K‡i Ges Bwćbi A‡nZzK SuvKzwb evovq|
cÖkœgvjv-21
AwZ msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ :
1. †c‡Uªvj BwÄb‡K Kx ejv nq?
2. GmAvB BwÄb Gi A_© Kx?
3. GmAvB Bwćbi c~Y©v½ Kvh©µg Kxfv‡e msNwUZ nq?
4. Gm AvB Bwćbi c~Y©v½ Kvh©µg Kxfv‡e msNwUZ nq?
5. Gm AvB dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi `yBwU ÎæwUi bvg †jL?
6. BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q bv-Giƒc ÎæwUi 2wU KviY †`LvI|
7. BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q bv-Giƒc 2wU cÖwZKvi †`LvI|
8. Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bv-Giƒc 2wUi KviY †jL|
9. Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mievivn K‡i bv-Giƒc ÎæwUi 2wU cÖwZKvi †jL?
10. Gm AvB dz‡qj wm‡÷g Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K?
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. GmAvB BwÄb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. GmAvB Bwćbi hš¿vskmg~‡ni ZvwjKv D‡jøL Ki|
3. GmAvB BwÄb Kx Kx ÎæwU msNwUZ nq?
4. BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q bvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi Kx?
5. BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q bvÑ Giƒc ÎywUi cÖwZKvi Kx?
6. Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bv-Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY Kx?
7. Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bv Giƒc ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi Kx?
8. BwÄb VvÊv Ae¯’vq Pvjy n‡Z weNœZv m„wó Kiv ev wejw¤^Z nIqvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY Kx?
9. BwÄb VvÊv Ae¯’vq Pvjy n‡Z weNœZv m„wó Kiv ev wejw¤^Z nIqvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi Kx?
10. Ach©vß R¡vjvwb mieivn ev Kg Pv‡c R¡vjvwb mieivn Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. GKwU Gm AvB Bwćbi dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi cÖevnwPÎ †`LvI|
2. Gm GB dz‡qj wm‡÷g BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q A_P Pvjy n‡”Q bv Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cªwZKvi †jL|
3. Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bv Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
4. BwÄb VvÊv Ae¯’vq Pvjy n‡Z weNœZv m„wó Kiv ev wejw¤^Z nIqvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi
cÖwZKvi †jL|
5. Ach©vß R¡vjvwb mieivn ev KgPv‡c R¡vjvwb mieivnÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
6. †d¬vU Ifvi †d¬v nIqv Ges R¡vjvwb Dc‡P covÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
7. BwÄb Pvjy Ae¯’vq gvÎvwZwi³ Kv‡jv †auvqv wbM©gbÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
Øvwvwesk Aa¨¨vq
†ewmK
K B‡jKw
KwUªwmwU
22.11 Kv‡i›U, †f
fv‡ëR, †iwR÷
R÷¨vÝ m¤úK©
K©
In‡g
‡gi m~Î g‡Z
1. †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq hw` h †Kv‡bv ˆee`y¨wZKcwievvnxi g‡a¨ w`‡‡q Kv‡i›U cÖeevwnZ nq Z‡‡e H
Kv‡i›U cwievvnx `yÕcÖv‡šÍi wefe
w cv_©‡K¨ii mgvbycvwZK
K Ges cwievnx
nxi †iv‡ai e¨¯Í
¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
A_©vr [hLb ZvcgvÎÎv w¯’i _v‡K]
2. †Kv‡bv ˆe`y¨wZKcwievnx
w `yB cÖv‡šÍi ga¨ewZ©
g wefee cv_©K¨ I cwievnx‡Z cÖÖevwnZ Kv‡ii‡›Ui
AbycvZ D³ cwievnxi †iva wb‡`©k K‡ii|
A_©vr = aªeK [hLLb ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K]
e (VA-VB)
ev, I
e VA-VB=IIR
ev,
e I=
ev,
h VA-VB
hw`, B=V aiv nq Zvn‡j
Z wPÎ 222.1 : `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨mn GKwU †iva ev †j
jvW
I
I=
G
GLv‡b, R GK
KwU aªeK| G‡K
‡K cwievnxi †iva
† ejv nq|
†ewmK B‡jKwUªwmwU 107
†fv‡ëR : †Kv‡bv cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q Kv‡i›U cÖev‡ni Rb¨ †h ˆe`y¨wZKPvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, Zv‡K
†fv‡ëR e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, Amxg `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK e‡ji weiæ‡× †h
†Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKK abvZ¥K PvR©‡K Avb‡Z †h cwigvY KvR Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡K ˆe`y¨wZK Pvc ev
†fv‡ëR ejv nq|
ௐ
hw` Q Kzj¤^ PvR© ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ W Ryj Kvh©m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq Zvn‡j ˆe`y¨wZKPvc, V= †fvë|
ொ
ˆe`¨ywZK Pvc‡K V Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Gi e¨envwiK GKK †fvë| ˆe`y¨wZK wefe ejv n‡q _v‡K|
†iwR÷¨vÝ: cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q Kv‡i›U cÖev‡ni mgq cwievnx c`v‡_©i †h ag© ev ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y Zv
evavcÖvß nq, Zv‡K †iwR÷¨vÝ ev †iva e‡j|
Avevi Kv‡i›U cÖev‡n evav †`qvi D‡Ï‡k¨, †h wWfvBm ˆZwi Kiv nq, Zv‡K ejv nq †iwR÷vi|
hw` †Kv‡bv cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q †fvë ˆe`y¨wZK Pv‡c A¨vw¤úqvi Kv‡i›U cÖevwnZ nq, Zvn‡j
†iwR÷¨vÝ R= Ing|
ூ
†iwR÷¨v݇K R Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Gi GKK Ing|
A_©vr
v †h wgUv‡v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ h¨ Kv‡i›U ev e A¨vw¤úqvvi,
c‡Ubbwkqvj wWdvv‡iÝ ev †fv‡‡ëR I †iwR R÷¨vÝ ev Inng
gvcvv hvq Zv‡K A¨v‡fvwgUvi
A e‡j| A¨v‡fv
fvwgUvi bvgKiiY
n‡q‡‡Q DwjøwLZ wZbwU ˆe`y¨wZKw BDwb‡Ui
Ui bv‡gi cÖ_g _
A¶ii wb‡q| †hggb A=A¨vw¤ú ¤úqvi, V=†f fvë, O=Ingg|
GKwU wU gvÎ wgUvi w`‡q
w GKvwaK K ˆe`y¨wZK BD DwbU gvcv hvqq|
GRbb¨ G‡K gvwë ëwgUviI e‡jj| wP‡Î GKwwU gvwëwgUv‡iii
Qwe †`Iqv n‡jv| G wgUv‡ii c‡q›Uv‡ii PZ Zzw`©‡K wfbœ wfbœ
wf
fv‡MM h_vµ‡g evggw`‡K Gwm †f fv‡ëR †iÄ 10,100,5000 I
10000 I †`Iqv Av‡Q| Dc‡‡ii fv‡M †iw iwR÷¨vÝ gv‡c ci
Rb¨¨ h_vµ‡g I †`IIqv
Av‡QQ| Wvb w`‡Kii fv‡M wWwm †fv‡ë‡Ri
† †iiÄ h_vµ‡g wPÎ 22.2 : g¨vby‡qj ev A¨¨vbvjM A¨v‡fvwggUvi
†fvë
ë †`Iqv Av‡QQ| wb‡Pi
w`‡K
K wWwm Kv‡i›U ›U gvcvi Rb¨
b¨ h_vµ‡g 5000 gvB‡µv A¨vw¤úqvi,
A 10 wgwj A¨vw¤ w¤úqvi I 20 wgwj
A¨vw¤
w¤úqvi †`Iqvv Av‡Q|
Dc‡‡ii Wvqv‡j `ywU jvB‡b h__vµ‡g Dc‡iii jvB‡b In‡ggi Ges wb‡Pii jvB‡b †fvë ë A_ev Kv‡ii‡›Ui
†¯‹jj †`Iqv Av‡QQ| Ing wgUvv‡ii KvuUv A¨¨vWRv÷ Kivii Rb¨ Wvbw``‡K GKwU wPwwýZ be Av‡QQ, hv
Nywi‡‡q KuvUv c‡q‡‡›U wgjv‡Z nq|
n c„_Kfv‡‡e †fvëwgUvii, A¨vgwgUvii I IngwgUvi vi †hfv‡e e¨¨envi
Kivii wbqg eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mfv‡eB G wgUvi e¨ennvi I Pvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| | A_©vr †iwR÷ ÷¨vÝ
gvcvvi mgq c‡q›U ›Uvi Wvb w`‡K
K, Gwm †fv‡ë
ëR gvcvi mggq c‡q›Uvi Dci
D w`‡K, wW wWwm Kv‡i›U gvcvi
g
mgqq Wv‡b wb‡Pii w`‡K I wW Wwm †fv‡ëR gvcvi mgq c‡q›Uvi evgg w`‡K wb‡P _vK‡e| wWwR wRUvj
A¨v‡f
‡fvwgUv‡ii MVVb I Kvh©cÖYvwj
Yv eY©bv : GwU
G Ggb GK K ai‡bi wgUvii hv mivmwi msL¨vm~PK A¶‡i
A
mgvaavb w`‡Z cv‡‡i| Gi Bbc Ý Lye †ewk| GB wgUvi e¨¨enviKvix ïaaygvÎ dvskb myBP
cyU Bw¯úW¨vÝ
wm‡jj± K‡i cvV wb‡q _v‡Kb| GwU mvaviYYZ A‡Uv †iwwÄs, A‡Uv-†c cvjvwiwU Ges A‡UvwR‡iv e¨e¯’
e v
msewwjZ n‡q _v‡K K|
wWwR
RU ev BDwbU e¨envi K‡ii †h wgUvi wiiwWs †bq Zv‡K K wWwRUvj wgUvi
wg e‡j| ˆˆe`y¨wZK wgUvvi hv
B‡jK
jKUªwbK cwiggvcK hš¿ A¨vvbvjM wgUv‡iii wmMb¨vj‡K K wWwRUvj iƒcvšÍ
i ‡ii Rb¨ b¨ wWwRUvj wgUv‡i
wg
GKwUwU KbfviUvi _v‡K G‡K wWwRUvj
w wgUvv‡ii cÖvY e‡j
j| cÖ_‡g BbbcyU A¨vbvjMM wmMb¨vj mggZzj¨
wWwR
RUv‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ
wi K‡i Ges Zvici GwU `„`k¨gvb K‡i| wewfbœ wgUv‡ii GB KbfviiUvi wewfbœ bxwwZ‡Z
KvR
R K‡i| Gi mvnv‡h¨
m Lye `ªæZ
æZ wiwWs †bIqqv hvq| GwU mwVK cvV cÖ`k©
` b K‡i Gees mvaviYZ A‡Uv-
A
wR‡iiv msewjZ n‡‡q _v‡K|
†ewm
mK B‡jKwUªwmwU
mw 109
wPÎ 22.3
3 : wWwRUvj A¨¨v‡fvwgUvi
cÖkœgvjv-222
AwZ
Z msw¶ß cÖkœ
kœ :
1. Kv‡i›U Kx?
2. †fv‡ëR Kx?
3. †iwR÷¨vÝ Kx?
Kx
4. In‡gi m~ÎwU †jL|
msw¶
w¶ß cÖkœ :
1. Kv‡i›U, †fv‡‡ëR I †iwR÷
÷¨vÝ m¤ú‡K©
K© A_ev In‡gii m~ÎwU eY©bv Ki|
2. Kv‡i›U, †fv‡‡ëR, †iwR÷
÷¨vÝ msÁvmn GKK †jL|
iPbbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. g¨vbyqvj ev A¨vbvjM
A Gess wWwRUvj A¨v¨v‡fvwgUv‡ii Kvh©
K cÖYvwj eY©©bv Ki|
2. Kv‡i›U, †fv‡‡ëR, †iwR÷
÷¨vÝ m¤ú‡K© hv
h Rv‡bv †jL|
·qvwesk Aa¨vq
A‡Uv‡gvevBj jyweª‡Kkb
(Automobile Lubrication)
i) †÷ªBU wgbv‡ij A‡qj : †÷ªBU wgbv‡ij A‡qj GK cÖKvi LwbR †Zj| G‡Z gwiPv I
ÿq‡ivaKvix †KwgK¨vj wgwkªZ _v‡K| †eqvwis, wMqvwis, ¯øvBWI‡q Ges wjW ¯Œ hv AíPv‡c Kvh©iZ
_v‡K GK ˆZjv³ Ki‡Z †÷ªBU wgbv‡ij A‡qj e¨eüZ nq|
ii) nvB‡WªvwjK A‡qj : nvB‡WªvwjK A‡qj DËiƒ‡c weï×K…Z GKcÖKvi LwbR †Zj| G A‡q‡j
AvenvIqvRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿq‡ivax ¸Y Av‡Q| nvB‡WªvwjK A‡qj cÖavbZ nvB‡WªvwjK c×wZi Rb¨
e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e G‡Z w¯úÛj, ¯øvBWI‡q Ges wMqvi ˆZjv³ Ki‡ZI e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
G QvovI Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î gv‡S gv‡S e¨eüZ wewfbœ cÖKvi jyweª‡K‡›Ui bvg wb‡gœ wjwce× Kiv n‡jv :
1| cÖvwYR Pwe©RvZ †Zj (Animal fat oil)
2| exRRvZ †Zj (Seed Oil) 3| Dw™¢`RvZ †Zj (Vegetable Oil)
1. A‡Uv‡gwUK wMqvi e· : A‡Uv‡gwUK wMqvi e‡· wMqvi d¬zB‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ Bwćbi Avi.wc.Gg-Gi
Dci wbqš¿Z nq| GB wMqvi e‡·i wMqvi A‡qj wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU wWcw÷K _v‡K| wWcw÷‡Ki
†kl cÖv‡šÍ GKUz Dc‡i GKwU LvuR Ges Zvi Av‡iKUz wb‡P Av‡iKwU LvuR KvUv _v‡K| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
Mvwo‡Z wZbwU LvuR _v‡K Ges w÷‡Ki Mv‡q †jLv _v‡K| A_©vr Mvwo _vgv‡bv I ÷vU© eÜ Ae¯’vq
gvc‡j Ae¯’v‡b A‡qj _vK‡j †evSv hv‡e A‡q‡ji gvÎv wVK Av‡Q Ges Mvwo ÷vU© Ae¯’vq gvc‡j
Ae¯’v‡b A‡qj _vK‡j †evSv hv‡e A‡q‡ji gvÎv wVK Av‡Q BwÛ‡KU Ki‡j †evSv hv‡e wVK Av‡Q|
Gi †P‡q Kg n‡j †X‡j cwigvY wVK Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †ewk n‡j Kgv‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ cÖwZevi gvc
†`qvi c~‡e© wWcw÷K DwV‡q fv‡jvfv‡e gy‡Q cybivq XyKv‡Z n‡e|
2. g¨vbyqvj wMqvi e· : †Kv‡bvwU †Kv‡bv Mvwoi †¶‡Î wMqvi e‡·i A‡qj cwigvc Kivi Rb¨
wWcw÷K _v‡K| c×wZwU wWdv‡iwÝqv‡ji Abyiƒc|
cÖkœgvjv-23
AwZ msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. wMÖwRs Kx?
2. wMÖwRs-G A‡q‡ji gvÎv Rvbvi Rb¨ Kx cÖ‡qvRb?
3. A‡q‡ji cwigvc Rvbvi Rb¨ w÷‡Ki Mv‡q †Kb †jLv nq?
4. wWdv‡iwÝqvj Kx?
5. UªvÝwgkb wMqvi e· KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
6. UªvÝwgkb c×wZ Kv‡K e‡j?
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. wMÖwRs Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL|
2. wWdv‡iwÝqvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. UªvÝwgkb c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? GwU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? eY©bv Ki|
2. wWdv‡iwÝqvj A‡qj e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`LvI|
3. wMqvi e· A‡qj e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL|
4. BwÄb gwej e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
PZz
Zzwe©sk Aaa¨vq
B
B‡jK‡Uª
v
vjvB‡Ui
i e¨envi
vi
(Uses of Electrrolyte)
24.1 B‡jK‡UªUvjvBU
v
wjW GwmW †÷v‡‡iR e¨vUvwi‡‡Z mvjwdDwi wiK GwmW I wWw÷j
IqvUUvi ev cvwbi †h mswgkª‡Y e¨eüZ nq| Zv‡KB B‡jK K‡UªvjvBU
e‡j| mvaviYZ GUvG †evZj fwZ©f Ae¯’vq mswgwkª
m Zfv‡e mwjDkb
ev GwmW
G bv‡g evRv‡i
e cvIqqv hvq| B‡jjK‡UªvjvBU mwjDk‡b
m
kZKKiv 62% fvM fv wWw÷j IqvUvi
I I 388% fvM mvj jwdDwiK
GwmW
mW _v‡K| wPÎ 24.11 : †÷v‡iR e¨vUUvwii
jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui cÖ¯‘ZK…Z Av‡‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡
B‡jK Z¡ _v‡K 1.25 50| PvR© †m‡jii wmwi‡R ms‡hvMM
Ki‡Z
‡Z _vK‡j Bnv
nv evo‡Z _v‡KK| Avevi wWR RPvR© n‡Z _vK
vK‡j Bnv
Kg‡Z
‡Z _v‡K| ZvBB B‡jK‡UªvjvB
vB‡Ui Av‡cw¶¶K ¸iæZ¡ 1.2280 n‡Z
1.15
50 Gi g‡aa¨ IVv-bvgv K‡i| myZivs Zi nvBWªwgUUvi Øviv
B‡jK
jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui G Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ cwigvc cc~e©K e¨vUvwi
wii Pv‡R©i
cwiggvY Rvbv hvqq| B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui
j ¯^vfvwe
weK Kvh©KvwiZZv cvIqv
hvq 80 wWwMÖ dv:: n‡Z 150 wWwMÖ
wW Gi g‡a¨¨| ZvcgvÎv Gi G †_‡K
†ewk
k n‡j wWw÷jj IqvUvi D‡e hvq| wPÎ 24.2 : e¨vUvwii wWmR
Rv‡P©i
Aciic‡¶ ZvcgvÎ vÎv Kg n‡j B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡‡Ui NbZ¡ †e‡‡o hvq| ivm
mvqwbK wewµqv
e¨vUv
Uvwii †mcv‡iUU‡ii m~² m~² wQ`ª w`‡q Gii PjvP‡ji weeNœZv N‡U
I e¨¨vUvwii ¶gZvv †jvc cvq|
24.22 B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui
jv cÖ‡qvR
RbxqZv
B‡jK
jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui mvjwdDwiK
m G
Gwm‡Wi mswggkªY e¨vUvwii cwRwUf
wjW I †b‡MwUf wj‡Wi m‡½ ivmvqwbK cÖwZwµqv K‡ii mwÂZ
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ kw³ n‡Z
‡Z cÖvq `yB †f
fvë ˆe`y¨wZK
K kw³ Drcv`bb K‡i|
ZvB Zv e¨vUvwii cÖ‡Z¨KwU †mjj 2 †fvë kww³ Drcv`b K‡i|K G
wnmv‡v‡e 6/12/04 †fvë e¨vUvwwii Rb¨ h_vµvµ‡g 3/6/122wU †mj wPÎ 24.3 : ee¨vUvwi PvR©Kvjxb
xb
†mj
j wmwi‡R hy³ †_‡K e¨vUvwi ˆZwi nq| ivmvqwb
wbK wewµqv
B‡jK
jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui e¨envi
e 115
wWmP
mPvR© : e¨vUvwi
wi wWmPvR© nIqqvKvjxb/Kv‡ii›U mieivnKvvjxb e¨vUvwi †cø
† U Ges B‡j jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui g‡a¨
†h ivmvqwbK
i wewµ
wµqv msNwUZ nq, Zv cv‡k ki wP‡Î †`Lv‡‡bv n‡jv| B‡‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Uii H2S04 Gii H2
Gess SO4 G weef³ n‡q c‡o ‡o| ZLb SO O4 Gi GKwU wU Aby c‡RwU wUf †cøU mwnZ
nZ I Aci GKwU G
†b‡MMwUf †cø‡Ui m‡½
m hy³ nq| ZLb Dfq †cøU wjW mvj j‡dU G iƒcvšÍ šÍwiZ nq| G cÖwµqvq c‡R RwUf
†cøU n‡Z O2 B‡j jKUªjvB‡U c‡‡o Ges G Aww·‡Rb nvB‡WªWªv‡R‡bi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q H20 B‡jKUªjvB‡U j
n‡q hvq| hZ¶YY ch©šÍ wjW A·vBW
A dDwiK GwmW I †cø‡U I B‡jK‡Uª
mvjwd B vjvB‡UU we`¨gvb _vK
K‡e|
ZZ¶ ¶Y ch©šÍ c‡R RwUf †cø‡U ˆe`y
ˆ ¨wZK mieeivn †b‡MwUf f cÖevwnZ n‡e‡e Ges e¨vUvwwi I µgvMZ Zfv‡e
wWmPPvR© n‡Z _vKK‡e|
PvR©
R© : Avevi e¨¨vUvwi PvR©vi//Mvwoi †Rbv‡‡iUi KZ…©K e¨vUvwi‡K
e PvRR© KivKvjxb mg‡q cvwb n‡Z
nvB‡‡Wªv‡Rb I Aw·w·‡Rb wef³ n‡q hvq| Aw·‡Rb
A c‡RwU
wUf †cø‡Ui m‡‡½ hy³ nq Ges Dfq †cøU n‡Z
ZLbb SO4 wew”QQbœ n‡q Av‡m m| Zvici Bnnv cybivq H2 Gi m‡½ wgwjZ w n‡q mmvjwdDwiK GwmW
G
cybtMwVZ K‡i| G cÖwµqvi Ae¨eüZ
A _vKv
Kvi Rb¨ e¨vUvwvwi wjW †cøU n‡Z
n SO4 m¤¤ú~Y©fv‡e gy³ nq,
ZLbb mswgkª‡Y mvjwdDwiK
m G
Gwm‡Wi cwigv
gvY evo‡Z _v‡
v‡K A_©vr B‡j jK‡UªvjvB‡Uii Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡
¸
†e‡oo 1.290-Gi KvQvKvwQ G‡‡m `uvovq| hv‡Kh e¨vUvwiii c~Y© PvR© ejvjv nq| B‡jKK‡UªvjvB‡Ui mvnvh¨
mv
wb‡qq e¨vUvwi wjW †cøU KZ…©K Gfv‡e
G ivmvqwb
wbK wµqv I wewµqv
we msNwUZ wi‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK kw³
Z K‡i e¨vUvwi
mÂqq I mieivn KivBK B‡jK‡UªUªvjvB‡Ui gyL¨ KvR|
24.3 3 B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui
jv cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvwj
†Kvbb e¨vUvwii Rb¨
Rb B‡jK‡UªvjvBU
j cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z
K n‡j c_gZ
cÖ
Gi cwigvY wba©viYi Ki‡Z n‡e ‡e| Zvici IR‡bi
I Dci wfwË
K‡ii D³ cwigv‡‡Yi 38% mvjwdDwiK
m G
GwmW Ges 62%
6
wWw÷
÷j IqvUvi wb‡Z nq| cvwbi mg¯ÍUvB U GKwU Kv‡Pi
K
cv‡ÎÎ/e¨vUvwii †Lvj‡m
† †i‡LL Zvici Aí Aí K‡i
mvjwwdDwiK GwmW W cvwbi mv‡__ wgkv‡Z n‡‡e| wgkvevi mgq
Aek k¨B j¶Yxq †h, † Av‡M cv‡‡Î GwmW †i‡‡L c‡i cvwb †hb
wgkvv‡bv bv nq| G `yNU©bv NUvii m¤¢vebv _v‡K
K| B‡jK‡UªvjvBU
j wPÎ 24.4 : nvB‡WªvwgUvi
cÖ¯ZKvjxb
Z
‘ mg‡qq GKcÖKvi M¨¨vm wbM©gb n‡‡Z _v‡K|
GK M¨vm gvby‡lii dymdz‡mi Rb¨ R ¶wZKii| myZivs gy‡Lvk
‡ c‡i B‡‡jK‡UªvjvBU cÖ¯Z‘ Kiv DËg|D
B‡jK
jK‡UªvjvBU cÖ¯ ¯‘Z
‘ Kv‡j ivmvq
vqwbK wewµqvi
vi GKcÖKvi ZvcI
Z Drcbœ nq|
n myZivs G GUv wKQyUv VvvÊv bv
nIqqv ch©šÍ e¨vUvwi
wii †m‡j Xvjvjv DwPr bq| g‡b
g ivL‡Z n‡e,
n‡ Gwm‡Wi g‡a¨
g cvwb Xvj j‡j we‡ùviYY n‡Z
cv‡ii Ges GwmW I B‡jK‡UªvjvvBU `ywUB kixx‡i I cwiav‡bbi Kvc‡oi Rb¨
R gvivZ¥K ¶ ¶wZKi|
1166 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
jv cixÿY cÖYvwj
24.44 B‡jK‡UªvjvBU
Uvwii we`y¨r miieivn ¶gZv wbf©i K‡i B‡‡jKUªjvB‡U Gwm‡Wi
e¨vUv G Dcw¯’
¯’wZi
Dcii| hw` GwmW W mvj‡dU AvK vKv‡i e¨vUvwi †cø‡Ui m‡½ mwÂZ n‡q †_‡K
†
hvq ZLb H e¨vUUvwi Avi we`y`y¨r mieivn Ki‡Z K cv‡i bv|
bv GKwU c~Y©YP© vR©
e¨vUv
Uvwi‡Z †hgwb 38% GwmW W I 62% wWw÷jwW IqvUvii _v‡K, c¶vvšÍ‡i
GKwUwU m¤ú~Y© wWmP
mPvR© e¨vUvwi‡ZZ 15% GwmW W I 85% cvwb
c n‡q hvq| G
Z‡_¨
_¨i wfwˇZ e¨v¨vUvwi‡Z Pv‡R©i Ae¯’v wbiƒc
cY Kiv mnR n‡qn hvq|
Avgiiv Rvwb wWw÷ ÷j IqvUv‡iii Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ ¸ 1.00 Ges mvjwdD DwiK
Gwm‡
m‡Wi Av‡cw¶ ¶K ¸iæZ¡ 1.8 835 mswgwkªZ B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui
j Av‡cww¶K
¸iæZZ¡ ZLb n‡‡q `uvovq 1.250 Aveevi e¨vUvwi Pv‡R©i gvaa¨‡g wPÎ 24.55 : B‡jK‡UªvjvBUU †Uw÷s
B‡jK
jK‡UªvjvB‡U mvjwdDwiK
mv Gii cwigvY hZ Z evo‡e, PvR©© ZZ †ewk n‡‡e I
Av‡ccw¶K ¸iæZ¡I ZZ evo‡e|
Avevvi wWPv‡R©i mgq
m A_©vr e¨¨vUvwi KZ…©K we`ywe ¨r mieivnnKvjxb mg‡qq mvjwdDwiK K wjW †cø‡Ui mv‡_
hy³ n‡Z _vK‡ee I nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi ‡R cwigvvY evo‡Z _vv‡K hv‡Z Av‡cw¶K
A ¸iææZ¡ Kg‡Z _v‡K|
_v
nvB‡‡WªvwgUvi bvgK
K B‡jK‡UªjvBB‡Ui Av‡cw¶ ¶K ¸iæ‡Z¡i cwigvYc~
c e©K I wb‡gœi cÖ`Ë QK AbymiYY K‡i
e¨vUv
Uvwii cÖ‡Z¨KwUwU †m‡ji Pv‡‡R©i Ae¯’v mn‡Rm cwigvc
c Kiv hvq| nvB‡WªvwgUv‡iii fvmgvb †d¬† v‡U
Av‡ccw¶K ¸iæZ¡ †jLv _v‡K K A_ev jvj j, njy` I mey m R is cÖ`vb
` Kiv _v‡‡K| nvB‡WªvwgUvi
w
B‡jK
jK‡UªvjvBU †k kvlY cÖwµqvqq Zz‡j wb‡q †d¬† v‡Ui †j‡f‡
f‡ji m‡½ Av‡v‡cw¶K ¸iæ‡Z Z¡i cwigvY A_ev
A
i‡Oii Ae¯’vb wbixix¶Y K‡i e¨¨vUvwi Pv‡R©i cwigvY mn‡R K hvq| G †¶‡Î Aek¨ j¶¨
‡R cwigvY Kiv
ivL‡‡Z n‡e, Møvm wUD‡e
w nvB‡WªvwgUv‡ii
v †d¬vUwU
U †hb c~Y©v½ fvmgvb Ae¯ ¯’vq _v‡K|
Avv‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡
Z¡ B‡jK‡UªUvjvB‡Ui
v gvÎvi
vi m‡½ i‡Oi Ae¯’v e¨vUvwiii Ae¯’v
1.2265-1.290 meyR i‡OOi †kl mxgvbv bv ch©šÍ fvmgvvb e¨vUUvwi c~Y© PvR©
1.2235-1.260 meyR i‡OOi 3/4 Ask ch© c šÍ fvmgvb e¨vUUvwi 3/4 fvM PvR©
1.2205-1.230 njy` i‡Oii †kl mxgvbvv ch©šÍ fvmgvbb e¨vUUvwi 1/2 fvM PvR©
1.1170-1.200 njy` i‡Oii gvSvgvwS ch©
c šÍ fvmgvb e¨vUUvwi 1/4 fvM PvR©
1.1140-1.165 njy` i‡Oii m‡e©v”P cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ fvmgvvb e¨vUUvwi †Kv‡bviƒc ch©šÍ Pj‡Z cv‡i
c
1.1110-1.135 †d¬v‡Ui B‡j
‡jK‡UªvjvBU jvjj i‡Oi g‡a¨ fvmgvb
fv e¨vUUvwi m¤ú~Y© wWmmPvR©
24.55 B‡jK‡UªvjvBU
jv m¤úwK©Z mZK©Zvmg~~n
mvjwwdDwiK GwmWW kix‡ii cwi
wi‡aq Kvco I hš¿vs‡ki Rbb¨ ¶wZKi| my
mZivs GUv n¨
n¨v‡Ûwjs KivK
Kvjxb
mg‡qq mZK© _vK‡Z
‡Z n‡e| GUv †hb DwjøwLZ wRwb‡mi ms¯
¯ú‡k© bv Av‡m
m|
B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui e¨envi 117
B‡jKUªjvB‡U cÖvq 32% mvjwdDwiK GwmW i‡q‡Q hv kixi I cwi‡aq e¯¿ cy‡o hvIqvi Rb¨ h‡_ó|
myZivs kixi I cwi‡aq e¯¿‡K I B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui ms¯ú‡k© gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e| B‡jK‡UªvjvBU ˆZwi
Ki‡Z cvwb‡Z ax‡i ax‡i GwmW mswgkªY Ki‡Z n‡e| B‡jK‡UªvjvBU ˆZwi Kv‡j n¨vÛ †Møvfm I gy‡Lvk
cwiavb K‡i ˆZwi Kiv DËg| KviY Bnv n‡Z †h M¨vm wbM©Z nq Zv gvby‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi|
B‡jK‡UªvjvBU ˆZwiKv‡j mwjDkb wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ ivmvqwbK wewµqvRwbZ Kvi‡Y DËß nq| myZivs
wKQyUv VvÊv nIqvi ci Zv e¨vUvwi‡Z e¨envi Kiv DËg| †Kv‡bv avZz wbwg©Z cv‡Î B‡jK‡UªvjvBU ˆZwi
Kiv DwPZ bq| Kv‡Pi cv‡Î A_ev cyivZb e¨vUvwii LuvPvq G B‡jK‡UªvjvBU ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq|
B‡jK‡UªvjvBU GKwU mnR `vn¨ c`v_©; myZivs Gi cv‡k †Kv‡bv jvBUvi R¡vjv‡bv DwPZ bq|
nvB‡WªvwgUvi e¨enviKvjxb mg‡q mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e †hb kix‡ii cwi‡aq‡Z bv c‡o|
cÖkœgvjv-24
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. B‡jK‡UªvjvBU ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2. B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui Dcv`vb¸‡jvi nvi D‡jøL Ki|
3. e¨vUvwi Pv‡R©i cwigvY mn‡R wbiƒcY cÖYvwj †jL|
4. B‡jK‡UªvjvBU ˆZwiKv‡j mwjDkb cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvwj †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvwj eY©bv Ki|
2. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji mvßvwnK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
3. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji gvwmK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
4. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji ˆÎgvwmK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
cÂ
Âwesk Aaa¨vq
†÷v‡‡iR e¨vvUvwi
(Storrage Batttery)
25.1 †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii
e¨ e¨ennv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbbxqZv :
e¨vUv
Uvwi we`y¨rkw³
w³i Drm| hvi g‡a¨¨ ivmvqwbK
cÖwZwµqvq
Zw we`y¨rkw³
¨ Drcbœbœ nq| e¨vUUvwii g‡a¨
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ kw³ ivm mvqwbK kw³iiƒ‡c Rgv _v‡K
K, ZvB G‡K
†÷v‡‡iR e¨vUvwi ejv
e nq|
Av‡MMKvi w`‡b Mvwoi
M BwÄb ev IqvK©k‡c c ¯’vqxfv‡e
¯’vwc
cZ †h †Kv‡bbv BwÄb‡K n¨v‡Ûj
n w`‡q Nywi‡q ÷vU©
Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î Mvwo‡K
Kiv‡‡bv n‡Zv| †K K av°v w`‡q
BwÄbb ÷vU©Ki‡Yii KvRwU m¤úbœbœ Kiv n‡Zv| wKš‘ KvRwU wPÎ 25
5.1 : e¨vUvwi ÷vvwU©s Ges PvwR©s
wQj KóKi I KvwwqK cwikªgRwwbZ|
G QvovI
Q MwZc‡‡_ GUv åg‡YYi Rb¨ GKwwU weiw³Ki
cÖwµqv
µ wQj|
G weiw³,
we KóKii I KvwqK cwikªgRwbZ KvR †_‡K
mn‡R R gyw³ jv‡f
fi wbwg‡Ë wessk kZvãxi cÖ_g †_‡KB
Mvwo
o‡Z ÷vwU©s wm
m‡÷g hy³ Kiiv n‡q‡Q| AviA G ÷vwU©s
wm‡÷
÷‡g gyL¨ I AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ Z¡ AZ¨šÍ Kvvh©Ki GKwU
K‡¤ú
¤úv‡b›Um n‡jv
jv †÷v‡iR e¨v¨vUvwi I µ¨vsswKs †gvUi|
GKLLvbv Mvwo ÷vU© Ki‡Z Z 6/12/24 †fv‡ë‡Ri
†÷v‡‡iR e¨vUvwiii 700 n‡Z 1000 A¨vw¤ú ¤úqvi wW.wm. wPÎ 25..2 : AvB‡Wwjs AAe¯’vq e¨vUvwi
we`y¨r
¨ mieivn Kii‡Z nq| †_‡K we`y¨r miieivn
we`y¨r
¨ Drcv`b K‡i
K bv| GgZ Zve¯’vq Mvwoii hveZxq we`y`y¨r LiP e¨vUvvwii mwÂZ we
we`y¨r n‡Z miieivn
Kiv nq| e¨vUvwi//g¨vM‡b‡Uv wm‡÷‡gi
wm Kvh©KvwiZvq
K †c‡UªUªvj BwÄb APPj| myZivs ††c‡Uªvj BwÄb mPj
ivL‡‡Z n‡j Aek¨¨B e¨vUvwi/g¨vvM‡b‡Uv wm‡÷
÷g _vK‡Z n‡ee|
e¨vUv
Uvwii Mvwoi Bwćbi
B †¶‡ÎÎ me©`v GKwU we`y¨r Rgv I LiP Kivi cvÎ| Mvwo QQvovI AvRKvvj G
†÷v‡‡iR e¨vUvwi Øviv we`y¨rwen
enxb ¯’v‡b †iwwWI Ges wUwwf P‡j _v‡K K| e¨vUvwii ggva¨‡g gvBK Øviv
msevv` cÖPvi, AvR
Rv‡bi g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡
¸ c~Y© KvR KivK n‡q _v‡K K|
25.22 †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi MVb Vb cÖYvwji eY©bv: wjW GwmW
e¨vUv
Uvwi‡Z mvjwdDDwiK GwmW †hb ivmvqwbK K wewµqv Kii‡Z bv
cv‡ii G RvZxq GKwU cøvw÷‡ ÷‡Ki ¯^”Q cvÎ
cv e¨vUvwii †Lvjm
wn‡m
m‡e AvRKvj e¨eüZ n‡”Q ”Q 6/12 †fv‡v‡ëi e¨vUvwiii Rb¨
h_vµµ‡g †Lvj‡mm 3wU/6wU c‡Kvô
cÖ‡ _v‡K, hv cieZ©x‡ZZ GK
GKwUwU †mj wn‡m‡‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
n G RvZxxq e¨vUvwii †Lvj‡m
†
mn‡RR B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui
j gvÎv wbix¶Y Kiv
Ki hvq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU
‡ wPÎÎ 25.3 : †÷v‡iiR e¨vUvwi †Lvj
jm
†m‡jji g‡a¨ _v‡‡K KZK¸‡jv jv cwRwUf I †b‡MwUf †cø † U hv
ci¯¯ú‡ii m‡½ †cø
cøU †÷c Øviv c¨vivjvj hy³ _v‡K|
†cø‡UUi msL¨v hZ
Z †ewk n‡e, mvj‡dU
m Rgv nIqvi Rb¨ †cø‡Ui
Z‡jji AvqZb ZZ Z †ewk cvvIqv hv‡e GesG we`y¨r msi¶Y
m
¶gZ ZvI ZZ †ewewk n‡e| cwZ
cÖw †m‡j GK KwU †ewk c‡RwUf
c
†cøUmmn mvaviYZ 13, 17, 199 I 21 †cø‡UUi e¨vUvwi ˆZw
Zwi Kiv
n‡q _v‡K|
wwPÎ 25.4 : †m‡j
‡ji g‡a¨ †cøU I
†cøU¸ ¸‡jv AmsL¨ ¶z`ª ¶z`ª wQ`ª`ª wewkó wMÖW AvK…wZi| cÖ‡Z¨KwU
‡ †mcv‡iUi †mUUKi‡Yi wbqg
†cø‡UUi Kvh©Ki Zj
Z _v‡K| mvvaviYZ cwRwU wUf †cøU wjW wbwg©Z
ev`vwvwg ev wjW A·vBW
A i‡Oi Avi †b‡MwUf f †cøU wj‡Wii ˆZwi
¯^‡Êii L‡qwi i‡Oii n‡q _v‡K|
†b‡MMwUf I c‡RwwUf †cø‡Ui ga¨eZ©
g x ¯’v‡b GKwU K‡i wQ`ª
wQ hy³
†mcv
cv‡iUi †mU Kiv
Ki _v‡K| †mc cv‡iUi †cøU kU©
k nIqv †_‡KKB ïay
i¶vv K‡i bv G †m m n‡K mwVK ¯’v‡b _vK‡Z mvnvh¨
mcv‡iUi †cøUmg~
K‡ii| †mcv‡iUim mg~n cvZjv Kv‡Vi/cø
K vw÷‡KKi ˆZwi| †cø
cøUmg~n
wb‡Pi
Pi µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K G c‡RwUf †cø‡Ui
K| G †hgb GKwU wPÎ 25.5 : ee¨vUvwi‡Z †cøU
ci GKwU †b‡MMwUf †cøU Ges G ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b GKwU wU K‡i I †mj UUvwg©bvj
†mcv
cv‡iUi w`‡q mvwR‡q
mv cÖwZ †m
m‡j emv‡bv _vv‡K| d‡j cÖwZ
wZ
120
0 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
B‡jK
jK‡UªvjvBU c¯‘
cÖ¯Z Kivi mg‡q
m Gi m‡‡e©v”P
Zvcg
cgvÎv 150 wWWwMÖ †m. ZvcggvÎvq DbœxZ nq|
n
†h ch©
c šÍ G Zvcg
cgvÎv 20 wWwwMÖÖ †m. ZvcggvÎvq
†b‡gg bv Av‡m, Zvi
Z Av‡M Gii Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡¸
†g‡cc wm×všÍ †bI
Iqv m½Z bqq| nvB‡WªvwgUvUv‡ii
wiwW
Ws MÖnY Kivii ci †`L‡Z Z n‡e cÖ‡Z¨KwU
Z¨
†m‡jji wiwWs mgv
gvb ev cÖvq mgvb
mg _vKv DwP wPZ| wPÎ 25.7 : e¨vUvwii wewfbœbœ †m‡ji wiwWs
hw` G wiwWs‡q cv_©
c K¨ nq, Zv n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e
GK ev GKvwaK †mj
†m A‡K‡Rv i‡q‡Q|
i
K¨vWWwgqvg wUc †mj †U‡÷i Øviv I e¨vUUvwii
Pv‡R©
R©i cwigvY cwwigvc Kiv hvqvq, G‡Z euvKvv `ywU
cv _v‡K
_ hv cvkkvcvwk `ywU †m‡j
† cøv‡Mi wQ`ª
w`‡qq cÖ‡ek Kwi wi‡q w`‡q GiG mv‡_ mshym ³
wgUv‡v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ PvR©
P /wWmPvR© cwigvY ev †mm‡ji
Ae¯’¯’v cwigvc I wbiƒcY Kiv K hvq| A‡bKA
†¶‡ÎÎ j¨v¤ú ØvivvI e¨vUvwi †UU÷ Kiv hvq wKš‘ wPÎ 25.8 : K¨vWwbqvg
K wUc UUvBc †mj †U÷
÷vi
c~Yv©½ Ae¯’v eySv hvq bv|
25.44 Mvwo‡Z e¨vUvwii ms‡hvM m c×wZ wZi eY©bv :
Mvwo
o‡Z e¨vUvwi ms‡hv‡Mi
m Avv‡M e¨vUvwi ¯’vcb cÖ‡Kvôô
kbv³ ³ Ki‡Z n‡e| n mvaviiYZ †gvUiMMvwoi BwÄbb
cÖ‡Kv‡ôi
K GK cv‡‡k e¨vUvwi emmv‡bv I K¬v¤úú Kivi e¨e¯’v
_v‡KK| BwÄb wcQQ‡b _vK‡j e¨vUvwi
e I †m m‡¶‡Î BwÄbb
cÖ‡Kv‡ô
K _v‡K| evm, e UªvK I jwi j BZ¨vw` gvSvwi
gv I fvwii
Mvwo
o‡Z e¨vUvwi †d«‡gi mv‡__ gvSvgvwS ¯’ ¯v‡b _v‡K|
Avevvi †Kv‡bv †K Kv‡bv Mvwo‡Z
Z I gvB‡µveev‡mi wm‡Uii
wb‡PPI e¨vUvwi _v‡‡K| ms‡hvM cÖ`v‡bi c~‡e© e¨vUvwii
e Av_©_© wPÎ 25.9 : Uvvwg©bvj †cv÷ wK¬wwbs
b I m¤úªmviY cÖwµqv
ms‡hhvM m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡Z Z n‡e| hww`I c„w_exii
AwaK Kvsk Mvwo‡ZZ e¨vUvwi †b‡‡MwUf Avw_©s K‡i _v‡K|
1222 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
wKš‘
š ¯^í msL¨K n‡jI n wKQy wKQy
wK Mvwo‡Z cwRwUf
c Avw_©s
K| myZivs wbwðZ
_v‡K wb n‡q ms‡hvM
m w`‡Z
Z n‡e bZzev
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ K‡¤úv‡‡b›U‡mi ¶wZwZ n‡e| Zvivici e¨vUvwii
ms‡hhv‡Mi c~‡e© e¨vUvwii
e c‡RRwUf I †b‡MMwUf Uvwg©bvj
j
m¤úú‡K© wbwðZ n‡Z n‡ n‡e| wZbbwU cÖwµqvq hv
h †KvbwU evv
GKvvwaK kbv³KiiY cÖwµqvi _v‡K| cÖ_gZ Z Uvwg©bv‡jii
wPÎ 25.10
0 : e¨vUvwi Uvwg©bbvj kbv³KiY wPý
wP
cv‡kk (+) wPý w`‡qw` cwRwUf I (-) wPý w`‡q
w` †b‡MwUf f
Uvwg©g©bvj eySvq|
25.5
5 e¨vUvwii cwiPh©
c v I i¶
¶Yv‡e¶Y :
K. e¨vUvwi ms‡hvvM/wehy³Ki‡YYi c~‡e© DBs Kfvi
K e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|
L e¨vUvwi‡K Uªwj‡Z
wj K‡i ev we‡kl
we ai‡bi K¨vwiqv‡i †eeë e¨envi Kiiv DwPZ|
M. cvwb I eªvm w`‡q
w` e¨vUvwii Pvi cv‡k I cøvMmn Dc‡iii Ask cwi®‹v‹vi K‡i wb‡Z nq|
‡qi †d«g, evi I K¬¨v¤ú cwi®‹
N. GKB cÖwµqvqq †mvWv cvwbii wgkªY w`‡q e¨¨vUvwi †KBms‡q ®‹vi Ki‡Z nq|
O. †mj Uvwg©bv‡j
ji cÖvšÍ Db¥y¥y³ _vKv e¨vUUvwi ms‡hvMKKv‡j j¶¨ ivvL‡Z n‡e e¨v¨vUvwii Dc‡i †hb
†Kv‡bv †i bv
b c‡o| hw` c‡o Zvn‡j kU© k mvwK©URwbwbZ fvix ¯úvK©
K© n‡q Wv‡qvW
W bó nq|
†÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi 123
cÖkœgvjv-25
AwZmswÿß cÖkœ :
1| A‡Uv‡gvwUf †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi Kx?
2| we`y¨r kw³i Drm Kx?
3| e¨vUvwii g‡a¨ ˆe`y¨wZK kw³ Kxiƒ‡c Rgv _v‡K?
4| Av‡MKvi w`‡b Mvwoi BwÄb‡K Kx cÖwµqvq ÷vU© Kiv‡bv n‡Zv?
5| Mvwo ÷vU© Ki‡Z KZ †fv‡ë‡Ri †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii cÖ‡qvRb nq?
6| †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi n‡Z Kx cwigvY wW.wm. we`y¨r mieivn Kiv nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2| mvaviYZ cwRwUf Uvwg©bvj I †b‡MwUf Uvwg©bv‡ji e¨vm †Kgb _v‡K?
3| Mvwo‡Z ÷vwU©s wm‡÷g hy³ Kivi KviY Kx?
4| mvaviYZ KZ †cø‡Ui e¨vUvwi ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K?
5| †c‡Uªvj BwÄb BMwbkb wm‡÷‡g cÖvBgvwi †fv‡ëR mieivn K‡i †K?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| Mvwo‡Z e¨vUvwi ms‡hvM cÖYvwji eY©bv Ki|
2| †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi MVb cÖYvwj ms‡ÿ‡c †jL|
3| †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ms‡ÿ‡c †jL|
4| †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi Pv‡R©i cwigvY wbixÿY Kivi cÖYvwj ms‡ÿ‡c †jL|
5| Mvwo‡Z e¨vUvwi ms‡hvM cÖYvwji eY©bv `vI|
lo
owesk Aaa¨vq
A‡U
‡Uv‡gvevvB‡ji i¶Yv‡e¶
i ¶Y
(M
Maintenannce of Automob
A bile)
26.3 3 gvwmK i¶
¶Yv‡e¶Y :
†gvUUihvb Pvjv‡bv w`b, mvßvwnK Gici gvwmK
bvi ci cÖwZw` mK i¶Yv‡e¶
¶Y Kiv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| gvwmK
g
i¶YYv‡e¶Y¸‡jv wbgœ
w iƒcÑ
126 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-26
AwZ msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. †nWjvBU I mvBW jvBU i¶Yv‡e¶Y †Kv‡bv ai‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶Y?
2. Gqvi wdëvi cwi®‹vi †Kvb ai‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶Y?
3. Gqvi wdëvi cwieZ©b †Kvb ai‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶Y?
4. wMÖwRs c‡q›U¸‡jv wMÖR Kiv †Kvb ai‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶Y?
5. †eªK wm‡÷g †PK Kiv †Kvb ai‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶Y?
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. Mvwoi BwÄb cÖwZw`b i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv Kx Kx?
2. †gvUiMvwoi mvßvwnK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv Kx Kx?
3. †gvUihv‡bi gvwmK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv †jL|
4. †gvUihv‡bi ˆÎgvwmK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv †jL|
iPbvgyjK cÖkœ :
1. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvB‡ji cÖwZw`bKvi i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
2. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji mvßvwnK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
3. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji gvwmK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
4. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji ˆÎgvwmK i¶Yv‡e¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
mß
ßwesk Aaa¨vq
B.Gd
d.AvB.BBwÄb
(E.F.I Engiine)
cÖkœgvjv-27
AwZ msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. BGdAvB Kx?
2. BGdAvB wm‡÷‡gi myweav Kx?
3. BGdAvB I BwmBD Kx?
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. BGdAvB Bwćbi msÁv †jL|
2. BGdAvB Bwćbi cvuPwU hš¿vs‡ki bvg †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. BGdAvB Bwćbi Kvh©c×wZ eY©bv Ki|
2. BGdAvB Bwćbi wewfbœ hš¿vs‡ki bvg †jL|
3. BGdAvB c×wZ m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
Aóówesk Aaa¨vq
we`y¨ZPPvwjZ hvbevnb
h b
(
(Electric
c Driven Vehiclee)
28.1 we`y¨rPvwjZ Z hvbevnb :
†h mKj
m hvbevnbb wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvwi e †_‡K cÖvß we`y¨r
kw³
³‡Z P‡j †m¸ ¸‡jv‡K we`y¨rPvwjZ
r hvbev
evnb e‡j|
A_v©v©r e¨vUvwi †_‡‡K cÖvß we`y¨r e¨envi K‡ii †h mKj
hvbeevnb P‡j, †m m¸‡jv‡K we`y¨rPvwjZ
¨ hvbeevnb e‡j|
G †ÿ ÿ‡Î Mvwo‡Z iwÿZ e¨vUvwwi †_‡K cÖvß we`y¨rkw³
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ †gvU‡iii gva¨‡g hvwš¿
š¿K kw³‡Z iƒƒcvšÍi K‡i
hvbeevnb‡K Pvjv‡‡bv nq| hLbb †gvUi †Nv‡‡iÑ †gvUi
k¨vd
d‡U mshy³ †¯úv‡KU
† †PBB‡bi gva¨‡g D³ N~Y©b
kw³
³ PvKv‡K †Nviivq| d‡j hvbbevnbwU PvwjZ Z nq| wPÎ 28
8.1 : we`y¨rPvwjZ
Z hvbevnb
28.22 we`y¨rPvwjZ
Z hvbevn‡bii wewfbœ Ask k:
we`y¨rPvwjZ
¨ hvbevn
vn‡bi wewfbœ As‡ki
A bvg wb‡
b‡¤œ DwjøwLZ n‡jv
n‡ :
1| e¨vUvwi
e
2| wWwm
w K‡›Uªvjvii
3| wWwm
w †gvUi
4| c‡Ubwkqvj wgUvi
wg
5| Gw·jv‡iUi
6| e¨vUvwi
e PvR©vi wPÎ 28.22 : we`y¨rPvwjZ hv
hvbevn‡bi wewfbœ Ask
A
28.3 3 we`y¨rPvwjZ
Z hvbevn‡bii MVb I Kvh©h©cÖYvwj :
AvaywbK
w M¨v‡mvwjb jb Bwćbi cwwie‡Z© B‡jKwUª
wUªK¨vj hvbevnn‡bi e¨envi w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| G †ÿ‡Î
†
†Kej
ej GKwU N~Y©vqgvb
vq †gvUi _vKvq Ges LyLeB ¯^í msLL¨K cvU©m wb‡‡q MwVZ nIqqvq G hvbevn vn‡bi
Pvwn``v e¨vcK †__‡K e¨vcKZi
Zi n‡”Q| GwU wU g~jZ †÷v‡ v‡iR e¨vUvwi c¨vK K‡›Uªvjjvi, wWwm †ggvUi,
c‡Ubbwkqvj wgUvii, Gw·jv‡iUii BZ¨vw` wb‡qq MwVZ|
1322 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
6| cwRwUf K¨vej
ej G‡m¤^wj
7| †eU wm‡jKUii myBP
8| GwgUvi
9| UvBgvi
U
10| †fvë wgUvii BZ¨vw`
Dchyhy³
© cvU©m¸‡jv
jv wb‡q e¨vUvwi
wi PvR©v‡ii eøK WvqvMÖvg wb‡PP †`Lv‡bv n‡j
jv :
cÖkœgvjv-28
AwZ msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevnb Kx?
2. we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevnb †Kvb& kw³‡Z P‡j?
3. we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevn‡b kw³i Drm wn‡m‡e Kx e¨envi Kiv nq?
4. e¨vUvwi PvR©vi Kx?
5. wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvwi †_‡K we`y¨r cÖ_‡g †Kv_vq hvq?
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1 we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevnb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2 we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevn‡bi MVb †jL|
3 e¨vUvwi PvR©v‡ii MVb †jL|
4 Kx Kx cvU©m wb‡q e¨vUvwi PvR©vi MwVZ nq?
5 mvaviY I we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1 we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevnb m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
2 we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevn‡b kw³i Drm †jL|
3 mvaviY I we`y¨rPvwjZ hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ‡f` †`LvI|
4 e¨vUvwi PvR©vi m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
5 e¨vUvwi PvR©v‡ii MVb eY©bv Ki|
cÖ_g Aa¨vvq
n
n¨vKÕm Øviv avvZz KZ©b
b
1.1 Uzjm wbe©vPbb :
- cwi®‹vi Kivii Kv‡Ri Rb¨ b¨ eªvk I Kvc c‡oi UzKiv
bvI|
- ˆZjv³ Kivii Rb¨ A‡qj K¨vb K bvI|
- †j-AvDU Kv‡‡Ri Rb¨ mvi‡ i‡dR †cøU bvI I|
- IqvK©wc‡P cÖ‡jc‡ †`Iqvi Rb¨ is I Zzwj w bvI|
- IqvK©wc‡P †j j-AvDU ev gvwvwK©s Kv‡Ri Rb¨
R wb‡Pi wPÎ 1.1 : A‡qj K¨vbb di jyweª‡Kkb
Uzjmg~n bvI|
(1) ¯ŒvBwes-eøK
(2) UªvB †¯‹vqvi
(3) ¯ŒvBevi
(4) w÷j iæj
(5) †Ug‡cøU
(6) cvÂ
(7) nvZzwo
- IqvK© wcP AvUKv‡bvi
Av Rb¨¨ fvBm bvI|
- n¨vKÕm †e−W Ges
G n¨vKÕm †d«
† g bvI|
- †PvL i¶vi Rb¨
R MMjm& bvI
I|
- IqvK©wcP Avee× Ki
- fvB‡mi ¯Œz ˆZ
Zjv³ Ki|
ÔRÕ Gi nvZj j Nywi‡q cÖ‡qvR
vRb Abyhvqx ÔR
RÕ mg~n duvK Ki|
- fvB‡mi ÔRÕ Gi Pv‡c IqqvK©wc‡P hv‡Z Z `vM bv c‡o o †mB Rb¨ `ywU big avZee cvZ ÔRÕ ¸‡jvi
¸
†fZ‡ii w`‡K K emvI hv‡K cª‡UKwUf ÔR RÕ Kfvi e‡j|
- IqvK©wcP †hbb wb‡Pi w`‡KK †b‡g bv hvq, †m Rb¨ IqvvK© wc‡Pi wb‡PP GKwU Kv‡Vii eøK ¯’vcb Ki|
K
- fvB‡mi nvZj j Nywi‡q ÔRÕ †K
† k³ K‡i AvUKvI|
A
wPÎ 1.7
7 : †d«‡g †eøW mshy
m ³iY
e¨ennvwiK 137
wP 1.8 : n¨vKÕm
wPÎ m †eøW aivi †KŠk
kj
1.4 n¨vKÕm cwiPPvjbv Kiv :
-MMj
Mjm cwiavb Ki|
K
-Iqv
qvK© †Uwe‡ji m¤§y
m ‡L `yBcv dudvK K‡i `uvovI|
o
-GK
K nvZ Øviv n¨v¨vKÕm †d«‡gi nvZj
n I Ab¨ nv‡Z †d«‡gi m¤§yLcÖvšÍ k³
³ K‡i ai|
-Iqv
qvK©wc‡Pi gvK©
K© Kiv ¯’v‡b n¨v¨vKÕm †eøW Av‡v‡¯Í K‡i emvI
I|
wØ
wØZxq Aa¨v
¨vq
avZee LÊ KZ
Z©b I Zj
Z wPwcssKiY
wP 2.6 : n¨vgvwi
wPÎ wis
- DošÍ
D KYv †_‡K
K †PvL i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡UKwUf
Uf MMjm e¨eenvi Ki|
- cÖ‡UKwUf wk‡ì
ìi wecixZ w`‡K
w` myweavRbbK ¯’v‡b `uvovvI, †hb R-Gii wecixZ w`K
K †_‡K wPwcss Kiv
h
hvq|
wPÎ : 2.7
140
0 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
wPÎ 2.8
- wPwcs‡qi
wP cÖviww¤¢K Ae¯’vq †QvU
† †QvU nvZz
Zzwoi AvNv‡Z GK cÖvšÍ n‡Z
Z wPwcs Avi¤¢ Ki|
- wPwcsKvjxb
wP mg wP‡R‡jii AMÖfv‡Mi cÖwZ `„wó ivL|
mg‡q
- mgZj
m wPwcs‡qqi Rb¨ wK¬qv‡‡iÝ A¨v‡½j msi¶Y
m Ki| avZz‡f‡` GwUwU cwieZ©bkxj
j|
wPÎ 2.9
- wK¬qv‡iÝ A¨v‡½
wK ½j †ewk ev wK¬qv‡iÝ A¨v‡½
½j Kg KZ©b Kiv DwPZ bq| bq
- wP
wP‡R‡ji †n‡WW evewi Rg‡jj/e¨v‡Oi QvZvvi g‡Zv n‡j, †nW MÖvBwÛs ûB‡j †Wªwms Ki|
- n woi AvNvZ
nvZz Z wP‡RjI nvZ Zzwoi †m›Uvi eivei Ki|
- wP
wPwcsKv‡j wP‡‡R‡ji KvwUs G‡Ri avi K‡gK †M‡j/weK eK…Z n‡q †M‡j‡j cybivq avii w`‡q KvwUss GR
m wK bv cix¶v
mwVK c Ki|
- wPwcs‡qi
wP †kll cÖv‡šÍi KvQvK
KvwQ n‡j wPwc
wcs eÜ Ki bZz
Zzev †kl cÖv‡šÍ
šÍi wPwcs Xvjy nn‡q hv‡e|
- †kl
† cÖvšÍ Xvjy nIqv
n n‡Z gy³ ivLevi Rb¨¨ wecixZ w`K †_‡K wPwcs K‡i K †kl UzKivU vUv Zz‡j Av‡bv|
wPÎ : 2.10
e¨ennvwiK 141
- c
cvBjU †Møvf eivei wP‡R‡‡ji mvnv‡h¨ IqvK©wcP‡K c„_K Ki| G †¶‡Î I m
mnR KZ©‡bi Rb¨
I wcP‡K ga¨¯’
IqvK© g v‡b GKLLvbv †¯úÝv‡iii gva¨‡g Gbwf
wf‡ji Dci ivL|
iv
- e„ËvKvi A_ev Aa©e„ËvKi AvvK…wZi AcÖ‡qvR
Rbxq Ask Avv‡M wWªj K‡i wP‡R‡ji
wP mvnv‡‡h¨ KZ©b Ki|
- I
IqvK©wcP‡K fvB‡m Avve× Ki Ges
G
I wc‡Pi AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wP‡R‡
IqvK© R‡ji
g
gva¨‡g KZ©b Ki|
K
wP‡Rj‡K 450 †Kv‡Y a‡i avZe wkU KZ©
- wP K b
K hw` wP‡R
Ki| Rj‡K mwVKfv‡v‡e ai‡Z cvi, Zv
n KwZ©Z avZ
n‡j Kvi †ei n‡e|
Ze wkU †MvjvK
- wP‡R‡ji
wP mvnv‡v‡h¨ wi‡f‡Ui gv_v
g KZ©b Kii| wPÎÎ 2.7 : wP‡Rwj
js
1422 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
Z…
ZZxq Aa¨v
¨vq
a
avZe L‡‡Êi Zj
j dvBwj
js
3.1 Uzjm wbe©vPbb
- dvvBwjs Kv‡R e¨eüZ
e Rbxq hš¿cvwZ wbe©vPb K‡i Kv‡Ri
cÖ‡qvR K †Uwe‡j
j myweavg‡Zv m
mvRvI|
- GK
KvwaK wewfbœ ai‡bi dvBj
j
- dvvBj eªvk
- UªvB ¯‹qvi
- †ggRvwis †Uc
- IqqvwK©s fvBm|
wPÎ
PÎ : 3.1
3.2 IqvK©wcP AvUKv‡bv
Av
- IqvK©
I wc‡P hv‡‡Z †Kv‡bv ¶wZ¶ bv nq, Zvi
Z Rb¨ cÖ‡UKwUf
‡U c¨vW e¨envi Ki| cÖ‡UKwUf c¨vW
m
mvaviYZ IqvK
vK©wc‡Pi Zzjbvq Zii ˆZwi n‡Z n‡e, †hgb Kcvi,
b big avZz K A¨vjywwgwbqvg
g A_ev †cÖm
† BZ¨vw`|
†evW©
- fvBm
f n¨v‡Ûj Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ
w w`‡K
K Nywiq R †Lv‡‡jv|
- I
IqvK©wcP fvBBm R-G ¯’vcb K‡i AvUKKvI| j¶¨ ivvL GwU †hb R-Gi
R mgvšÍiivj Ges gvSvvgvwS
R
RvqMvq ms¯’vwcZ
w nq| Gev evi cwiwgZ UvvBwU `vI|
wPÎ : 3.2
3.3 dvBj aiv
- KvR
K Kivi Rbb¨ cv‡ki wP‡ÎÎi g‡Zv dvBj
j ai|
- W j †hb nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z †P‡c
Wvb nv‡Z dvBB‡ji n¨v‡Ûj c _v‡K Ges evg nv‡Zi Z
Zvjy dvBj †eøeø‡Wi
A fv‡M _v‡K
AMÖ K|
e¨ennvwiK 143
wPÎ : 3.3
3.4 dvBwjsKv‡j
j cvjbxq mZZK©Zv
- Re
R kU Abyhvqx
qx gvc bvI|
- IqvK©
I wc‡P gvc
c Abyhvqx wPý
ý `vI|
- IqvK©
I wcP †Uwe
we‡j ¯’vcb Kii Ges Re wkUU Abyhvqx ¯úó
úófv‡e `vM `vvI|
- cª‡UKwUf cvZ
Z fvB‡m e¨ennvi Ki|
- dvBwjsKv‡j
d h dvBj wbe©
h_v_© wb vPb Ki|
- dvBwjsKv‡j
d m L w`‡K cwwiPvjbvKv‡j Pvc
m¤§y P cÖ‡qvM Ki|
K
wPÎ : 3.4
1444 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
P _© Aa¨vvq
PZz
avZe wk‡U
wk wmwwgs I wi‡fwUs
wi Z †Rvovv †`Iqvv
c×wZ‡Z
c
- wUbvm©
wU Us
- †dvwìs
† Us
- †dvwìs
† WvB
- wmgvi
wm
- DW
D m¨v‡jU
- AvÛvi
A †j
- n¨v‡PU
n †÷K
- nvdgy
n b †÷K
- †¯‹
† vq¨vi †÷K K
- wUbvm©
wU n¨vgvi
- WvBUz
W j wPÎ 4.2 : wmwwgs K‡g©i gyL¨ Uzjm
- †dvwìs
† evim|
wPÎ 4.7
7 : Wej wmwgs m¤úbœ
m KiY
wPÎ 4.9 : cc
c wiwfwUs‡qi Rb¨
R wQbœKiY
- G
GKwU wWfvBW Wvi wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M Gi cvØ؇qi myPvK…wZ †`‡L bvI|
- `vM
` Uvbvi Rbb¨ GKwU ¯ŒvBeviB wbe©vP‡bii Av‡M Gi myuPv‡jv gv_v †``‡L bvI| †fufuvZv _vK‡j A‡qj
A
†
†÷v‡b N‡l m~~² K‡i bvI| †fuvZv _vK‡j ‡j mwVK K‡i bvI|
- wi‡f‡Ui
wi gv_vqq AvNvZKiYY Ges AvK…wZ``v‡bi Rb¨ wi‡f‡Ui
wi mvBR
R ey‡S cÖ‡qvRbbxq IR‡bi GKwU
G
e
ejwcb n¨vgvii A_ev wi‡fwU
wUs n¨vgvi bvI
I|
- wi‡f‡Ui
wi wb‡P mv‡cvU©
m †`Iqvi
vi Rb¨ †÷K A_ev
A Gbwfj A_ev Abyiƒc mgZj wewkóó †jvnvi eøK bvI|
bv
- wi‡f‡Ui
wi Rb¨ wk‡U wQ`ª Kiivi Rb¨ GKwU wU n¨vÛcv †ggwkb bvI Gees wi‡f‡Ui gvvc Abyhvqx cvv I
W evQvB Kii|
WvB
- wi‡f‡Ui
wi As‡kk Dfq wkU‡K K AvUKvevi Rb¨ wi‡fU †mU † Ges wi‡f ‡fU gv_v †WªwwmsKiY
m ev AvK…
Av wZ
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq gv‡‡ci Kvc Uzj ev †Wwms Uzj bvI|
c Aa¨vvq
cÂg
mvaaviY avZ
vZe cvZ
Z †mvìvvwis
5.3 †mvìvwis wj
jW evQvB Kii :
- †mvìvwis
† c×wZ
wZ Abyhvqx †m
mvìvwis wjW evQvB
e Ki|
msMÖn Ki| GB
- bbgbxq †mvìvvwis‡qi Rb¨ †mvìviwU m
†
†mvìvwis wU‡bb mvaviYZ 50%-60%
5 wU Ges 50
0%-
4
40% †jW _v‡v‡K|
- k
k³ Ges wmj
jfvi †mvìvwi
wis‡qi Rb¨ wmjfvi †mvì ìvi
m n Ki| GB
msMÖ G †mvìv‡i 80%
8 wmjfvii (i“cv) I 20
0%
Z _v‡K|
Zvgv
e¨envwiK 149
l Aa¨vqq
lô
avZ
Ze e¯‘‡Z/L‡Ê
‡ wWªwjsKi
KiY
6.1 Uzjm/Bb÷ªy‡g›U
g wbe©vPb Ki
K :
- cwi®‹
c vi Kivii Kv‡Ri Rb¨¨ eªvk/Kvc‡oii UzKiv
b
bvI|
- ˆZjv³
ˆ Kivi Rb¨ A‡qj K¨vb
K bvI|
- IqvK©
I wc‡P cÖ‡jc
j †`Iqvi Rb¨
R is I Zzwj
wj bvI| wPÎ t 6.1 wWªjweU
- IqvK©
I wc‡P †j-A
AvDU ev gvwK©©s Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡Pi
w hš¿mg~n bvI|
- m
mvi‡dm †cø cøU, ¯‹vBevvi,
wW
wWfvBWvi, w÷jiæj
æj,
UªvB‡¯‹vqvi †m›Uvi cv Â,
n wo|
nvZz
- I
IqvK©wcP AvUKv‡bvi
Av R
Rb¨
G fvBm bvI|
GKwU b wPÎ 6.2
6 : wWªj PvK I Kx wPÎ 6.3 : †mdwU MMj&m
- mwVK
m gv‡ci I wewfbœ cÖKv‡‡ii wWªj weU bvI|
b
- mwVK
m AvKv‡iii wWªj PvKI PvK-Gi
P Pvwe bvI|
- †PvL
† iÿvi Rbb¨ MMj&m bvI
I|
m Aa¨vq
mßg vq
K
Kcvi wUD
De d¬vqqvwisKiiY
7.1 Uzjm/Bb÷zª‡g›Ug wbe©vPb :
- d¬¨vqvwis Uzjm‡K
j †eu‡a KvR Kiivi Rb¨
f
fvBmIqvK© †UUwej mywbw`©ó Ki|
K
- Kcvi
K wUDe gvcvigv Rb¨ GK KwU w÷j iæj bvI|
- Kcvi
K wUD‡e `vM` KvUvi GKwUG n¨vKÕm ev
e Abyiƒc
h bvI|
hš¿
- wUDewU
wU mij †iLvi
† g‡Zv †mvRv
†m Av‡Q wKbv wK cixÿv
K
Ki|
- wUDewU
wU IqvK© †Uwe‡ji Dcii ¯’vcb Ki|
- wba©
wb vwiZ ˆ`N©¨ I d¬¨vqvi Kiivi Rb¨ hZUzUzKz ˆ`‡N©¨i
cÖ‡qvRb Zv wbw`©
wb ó Ki|
- wewfbœ
we ai‡bii d¬¨vqvwis-Gii Rb¨ wewfbœbœ cwigvY
e
evowZ wUD‡eii cÖ‡qvRb|
- w÷‡ji
w÷ iæ‡jii mvnv‡h¨ gvc bvI|
- n¨vKÕm
n ev Abybyiƒc h‡š¿i mvn
vnv‡h¨ `vM `vI
I|
A Aa¨vvq
Aóg
a
avZe LÊʇK ¯Œ¨v
¨vwcsKiYY
8.1 Uzjm wbe©vPbb :
- avZe
a L‡Êi mgZ‡j ¯Œ¨vwwcs‡qi Rb¨ d¬vU †¯‹cvii
wb vPb Ki| GwU †`L‡Z
wbe© Z d¬vU dvB‡j
ji b¨vq Gess
A fv‡M GKwU
AMÖ wU gvÎ KvwUs GR
G _v‡K|
†Mvj
jvwK…Z A_ev Aa©‡MvjvK…Z avZe L‡Êi Êi Zj †hgbb
weqvwvwis eyk I big
b avZzi ˆZZwi k¨vdUmg~g~n ¯Œ¨vwcs‡qii
Rb¨¨ nvd ivDÛ ¯Œ¨vcvi wbe©vPb
P Ki| GwU wU †`L‡Z nvdd
ivDÛ
Û dvB‡ji b¨v¨vq| Gi cv‡k
k `ywU KvwUs GR
G _v‡K|
- A wb vPb Ki, GwU †`L‡Z
A_ev Uªv½yjvii ¯Œ¨vcvi wbe© Z wP 8.2 : nvd iivDÛ ¯Œ¨vcvi
wPÎ
Uªv½yjvi dvB‡jji b¨vq, Gii cv‡ki wZbwbwU KvwUs GR
R
_
_v‡K|
- AmgZj
A ¯’vb ev c‡q›Umg~‡n
‡ ishy³ K‡ii wPwýZ Kivii
R GKLvbv mvi‡dm
Rb¨ m †cøU wbe©vPb Ki|
¯‹¨vc
cv‡ii wZÿèZv cybiæ×viK‡‡í ¯Œ¨vcvi‡K kvb †`Iqvii
wPÎ 8.3 : Uªv½yj
jvi ¯Œ¨vcvi
Rb¨¨ GKLvbv kvbb cv_i wbe©vPb Ki| kvb cv_iwU
c GKwU
wU
Kvô L‡Êi Dci wbivc‡`
wb iv‡Lvv|
c
cvZjv K‡i mgfv‡e
mg gvLvI|
- weqvwis
we ev `yB L‡Ê wef³ eyek weqvwismg~g~‡ni AmgZj
j
¯’vb mg~n wPwý
wýZ Kivi Rbb¨ †h k¨vdUU e¨envi Kivv
n
n‡e, †m k¨vd
d‡U A_ev mggv‡ci
m Abb¨ †h †Kv‡bvv
k
k¨vd‡Ui Ask
kwe‡k‡l D‡jøwLZ
wL is gvLvI|
- weqvwisØq‡K
we k¨vd‡Ui ishhy³ ¯’v‡bi Dc‡i
D cøvgv‡ii
eø‡Ki g‡a¨ Ave×
A Ki| `yB nv‡Z k¨vdwU‡Z
k a‡ii
m
mgfv‡e †NvivvI| Gfv‡e †Nvivevi d‡j
‡j weqvwis‡qii
D
Dcwifv‡M D”PP ¯’vb¸‡jv‡Z wP‡Îi
w b¨vq wPý
ý c‡o hv‡e|
wPÎ 8.6 : mgZj IqvvK©wc‡P gvwK©sKiiY
8.5
5 ¯Œ¨vwcs m¤úb
úbœKiY :
- mgZj
m ¯Œ¨vwcss‡qi Rb¨ wPwý
wýZ DuP¯
z ’vbmg
mg~n ax‡i ax‡ii
¯Œ
¯Œ¨vwcs Ki| d¬vU ¯Œ¨vcvii‡K IqvK©wc‡‡Pi mgZ‡jii
m 250 n‡‡Z 300 †Kvv‡Y m¤§yL w`‡
mv‡_ `‡K cwiPvjbvv
K m¤ú~Y© gm„
Ki| g Y bv nI
Iqv ch©šÍ GKB
G c×wZ‡Z
Z
A
AmgZj ¯’vbmg~
b n evievii wPwýZ I ¯Œ¨vwcs Ki|
wPÎ 8.9 : ¯Œ¨vwcs‡qi
qi wbwg‡Ë fvB‡m
m
wP
wPwýZ ¯’vbmgg~n wbKUeZ©x I mgfv‡ee we¯Í…Z n‡j
j
weqvwis AvU
vUKv‡bv
A vr wP‡Îi b¨vq
A_© b n‡j ¯Œ¨vwc
wcs m¤úbœ Kii|
e¨ennvwiK 157
- Aa©
A ‡MvjvKvi A_ev †MvjvK
Kvi A_©vr eyk,
k weqvwis I
k
kvd‡UK ¯Œ¨vwc
wcs‡qi †ÿ‡Î wPwýZ ¯’vbmgg~n nvd ivDÛ
Û
¯‹
¯‹¨vcv‡ii mvnnv‡h¨ ¯Œ¨vwcss Ki| ¯‹¨vc
cvi‡K †`‡nii
we
wecix‡Z Xvjy w`‡K 250 n‡Z
n 300 †Kv
Kv‡Y cwiPvjbvv
K
Ki| wPÎ 8.10
8 : mgZ‡j ¯Œ¨vwcs m¤úbœKiY
i
Uªv½yjvi
j ¯Œ¨vcv‡iii mvnv‡h¨ GK
KB c×wZ‡Z ¯Œ¨vwcs Ki|
m¤ú~ú~Y© gm„Y bv nI
Iqv ch©šÍ GK
KB c×wZ‡Z G †ÿ‡ÎI evii
evi wPwýZ I ¯Œ¨¨vwcs Ki| wPwýZ
wP ¯’vbmg~~n wP‡Îi b¨vqq
wbKUUeZ©x Ges mggfv‡e we¯Í…Z n‡j
n ¯Œ¨vwcs m¤úbœ
m n‡e|
b Aa¨vq
beg vq
M¨vm‡K
‡KU ˆZwi
wiKiY
9.1 M¨vm‡KU ˆZ ZwiKiY :
- M¨vm‡KU
M Gwj‡
j‡g›U wn‡m‡e cvZjv M¨vm‡K KU †ccvi/KK K©
wk
wkU/A¨vm‡e÷ ÷im wkU Gees cvZjv Kfvi/eª K vk wkUkU
wb vPb Ki|
wbe©
- †nW
† M¨vm‡KUU ˆZwiKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë 0.5 wg.wg. w cyiæ‡Z¡
Zii
K
Kcvi/eª v‡mi avZz
a wbwg©Z wkU kU wbe©vPb Kii|
- M¨vm‡K‡Ui
M cyiæZ¡ cwigvc c K‡i mvaviiY M¨vm‡K‡Ui Ui
R Gwj‡g›U wbe©vPb Ki|
Rb¨
- †nW
† M¨vm‡K‡UUi †ÿ‡Î jvBBbv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ we‡ePbv K‡ii,
ci‡bv M¨vm‡K
cy KU †_‡K 1 wg. wg. ¸iiæZ¡ Kg wb‡qq
M
M¨vm‡KU Bwj‡‡g›U wbe©vPb Ki|
K
- †nW
† M¨vm‡K‡UUi †ÿ‡Î c~‡e© ‡ei M¨vm‡K‡UUi ˆ`N©¨-cÖ‡¯’i
m K‡i, A¨vm‡e÷i
mgvb A¨ wkUU KZ©b Ki|
- Pvicv‡k
P Kfvii/eªvm wk‡Ui jvBbvi
j hy³ Ki|
K
- †nW
† M¨vm‡KUU e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨ M¨vm‡K K‡U jvBbv‡iiii
cÖ‡qvRb c‡o o bv| myZivs †m †ÿ‡Î jvBbvi j e¨envi
vi
K bv|
Ki‡e
9.2 M¨vm‡KU †m
mwUs :
- †Ug‡cø
† U/B‡¤úªúkb
k †cøU ˆZwi
wi Ki‡Z k³ cvZjv KvMR R
m n Ki|
msMÖ
- M¨vm‡KU
M ˆZwiK Ki‡Yi mvi‡d
d‡mi Dci Zv ¯’vcb Ki|
- GKwU
G ej‡cbb n¨vgv‡ii e‡ji
e‡ w`K w`‡‡q †QvU †UvKKv
w` MZ© eiveei KvMR †K‡‡U bvI|
w`‡q
- G
GKwU k³ Kv‡Vi
Kv Dci M¨¨vm-Gwj‡g›UwU
wU †i‡L, †nvj
j cv I nvZ mvnv‡h¨ †QvU †QvU
ZzwoÑNv‡Zi m
wQ mg~n KZ©b Ki|
wQ`ª
wK mgq ci ci KwZ©Z Askmg~n †nvj cv †_‡K †eei K‡i ivL|
- wKQz
- wewfbœ
we cwigv‡c
ci wQ‡`ªi Rbb¨ wewfbœ cwiggv‡ci †nvj cvÂ
cv e¨envi Ki|
K
- hZUz
h Kz m¤¢e wQ‡`ª
wQ i e¨vm mssiÿY Ki|
- eeo †nv‡ji †ÿ‡Î
† K¨vwjc
cvi Øviv e¨mvva© †g‡c †K›`ª
›`ª
† Ki|
†ei
- Z
Zvici †K›`ª †_‡K Pviw`
w`‡K GKwU nvjKv
n cwiwaai
wP `vI|
wPý
- ††K›`ª I cwiwwa eivei Gevi †U‡¤úwbbs KvUvi w`‡‡q
G
Gevi mZK©Zvi
Zv m‡½ eo e„‡Ëi gvjvggvj KZ©b Ki K
A
AcmviY Ki|
wQ`ªmg~
m n KZ©b (Cut
C the Hooles) :
- †nvj-cvÂ
† w`‡‡q wQ`ª KZ©b Ki|
K
- †U‡¤cwbs
† KvUUvi w`‡q eo wQ`ª
wQ Kv‡Uv|
- †nW
† M¨vm‡KU n‡j Kcvi/eªevk
v Øviv wmwjss wis ˆZwi Kii|
- Mvg
M I Pvc w`‡
`‡q wmwjs wism
mg~n †nW M¨vm
m‡K‡U hy³ Kii|
- M¨vm‡KU
M ˆZwi
wi m¤úbœ Ki|
160
0 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
` Aa¨vvq
`kg
weqvwvwis wdUUKiY
10.11 weqvwis †mw
mwUs
- c
c~‡e©i cwigv‡‡ci Dci wf
fwË K‡i AvÛ
Ûvi mvBR weqvwis
we
m n Ki|
msMÖ
- eevRv‡i mnRj
jf¨ AvÛvi mvvBR weqvwis‡qqi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
‡Q 25,
5 75, 1.00
50, 0 I 1.25 wg.wg. mvB‡Ri|
- c
c¨v‡K‡Ui Mv‡‡q Kvw•¶Z AvÛvi mvBR
R †jLv _v‡K
K, Zv
wb
wbixÿY K‡i †`L|
† wPÎ : 10.1
- c
c¨v‡KU Ly‡j weqvwis
we gy‡Q †Z
Zj, wMÖR ev gwiPv
g cÖwZ‡iv‡‡ai
cÖ‡jc cwi®‹vi Ki|
10.3
3 eyk I †mj
j weqvwis
- we
weqvwis wK¬qv‡‡iÝ cwigvcK
cKi‡Yi wbwg‡‡Ë wP‡Îi b¨vq
b GK UzK‡iv
K cøvw÷‡MMR Rvb©vj K¨v‡c
K
A
AvovAvwofv‡ee ¯’vcb Ki|
- weqvwis
we Rvb©v‡j
j K¨vc ewm‡qq wba©vwiZ U‡K
K© K¨v‡ci †evë
vë UvBU `vI|
e¨ennvwiK 161
- c
cybt‡evë wXjjv w`‡q K¨vc AcmviY Kii| GKwU †¯‹ ¯‹‡ji
m
mvnv‡h¨ Gevi L wP‡Îi b¨vqq cøvw÷‡M‡Rii cÖk¯ÍZv cwi
wigvc
K G cÖk¯ÍZvB n‡”Q weqvwis
Ki| we wK¬qv‡iiÝ| G wK¬qv‡iÝ
v
wb vwiZ wK¬qv‡i‡Ýi
wba© qv cwiggvcg‡Zv n‡j j AvÛvi mvBR
m
we
weqvwis msMÖn‡hvM¨
n‡ bZyev cieZ©
c x eo/†QQvU mvBR wbee©vPb
K
Ki|
GK
Kv`k Aa¨
a¨vq
A‡Uv‡‡gvevB‡j
ji wewf
wfbœ Ask
k m¤ú‡K©
K© `ÿZvv AR©b
BwÄ
wćbi Dc‡iv³
³ wewfbœ Ask¸
¸‡jv Ly‡j cybtms‡hvM
b K‡ii GwU kbv³ K
Ki|
11.3
3 ewW kbv³K
KiY wPÎ 11.3 : ewWi weewfbœ Ask
e¨ennvwiK 163
wPÎ 11.4 : m
mvm‡cbkb kbv³
v³KiY
1644 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
Øv Aa¨vvq
Øv`k
Bwwćbi Dci
D `ÿÿZv AR©
R©b
12.11 †÷ªvKwfwËK
K Bwćbi Dci
D `ÿZv AR© ARb
†÷ªvK‡f‡`
K BwÄb‡‡K cÖavbZ 2 cÖKvi| h_vÑÑ
1) Uz †÷ªvK BwÄbb 2) †dvii †÷ªvK BwÄb
L) †eø
† vqvi ¯‹v‡fbbwRs UvBc (Blower Seeavauging Type)
Uz †÷
÷ªvK Bwćbii wµqv PviwU
wU Pµ A_©vr mvKkb, K‡ggcÖkb,
cvIqqvi I GMR÷ ÷ wc÷‡bi `yB Nv‡Z ev `yB †÷ªv‡K m¤úbœ
- vK ev `yB NvZ wewkó BwÄb e‡j| G `yB
nq, ZvB G‡K Uz-†÷ª
NvZ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z Z µ¨vsK k¨¨vd‡Ui gvÎ GK N~Y©‡b GKevi
G
cvIqqvi cvIqv hvq
vq|
†dvii †÷ªvK Bwć‡bi PviwU wµµqvPµ wc÷‡bbi Pvi Nv‡Z m¤úbœ
nq, ZvB G‡K †d dvi †÷ªvK BwÄb
B e‡j| GBG Pvi NvZ m¤úbœ
Ki‡ZZ µ¨vsK k¨vd d‡Ui c~Y© `yB N~Y‡© bi cÖ‡qvvRb nq A_©vr GB Bwćbi cÖwZ 720 wW
wWwMÖ cici cvvIqvi
cvIqqv hvq| Dc‡iiv³ BwÄb¸‡j jv Ly‡j I cybtms‡hvM
t K‡i †÷ªvKwfwËK Bwćbi
B Dci `ÿZv AR©b Ki|K
eû wmwjÛvi
w wewk
kó Bwćbi †ÿÿ‡Î mvaviYZ Z †Rvo msL¨K K wmwjÛvi
wewk
kó BwÄbB †ewwk| †hgb `yB wmwjÛvi Pvi vi wmwjÛvi Qq wmwjÛvi
ev‡iiv wmwjÛvi, †lv‡jv
†l wmwjÛvvi, ewÎk wmwj
wjÛvi wewkó BwÄb|
B eû
wmwj
jÛvi wewkó Bwćbi
B wmwj
jÛvi wewfbœfv‡eB
v web¨vm Kiv _v‡K
†hgbb : Dc‡iv³ BwÄb¸‡jv
B Ly‡j
‡ I cybtms‡hhvM K‡i wmwjjÛviwfwËK
Bwć‡bi Dci `ÿ ÿZv AR©b K‡ii|
wP 12.4 : eû wm
wPÎ wmwjÛvi wewkó BwÄb
B
12.33 R¡vjvwb wfwwËK Bwćbi Dci `ÿZv AR©b
R¡vjvwbi
jv Dci wfwwË K‡i BwÄb‡‡K wb‡P wjwLZ
Zfv‡e fvM Kiv
K hvq|
1. †c‡Uªvj BwÄbb (Petrol Enngine)
2. wW‡Rj BwÄbb
3. M¨vm BwÄb
L) GjwcwR BwÄb :
ZijxK…Z †c‡Ævwjqvg M¨vm Øviv GB BwÄb PvwjZ nq| GB BwÄb AvKv‡i †QvU I D”P MwZm¤úbœ|
GB R¡vjvwb cwi‡ek `~lY NUvq| Dc‡iv³ BwÄb¸‡jv Ly‡jI cybtms‡hvM K‡i R¡vjvwb wfwËK Bwćbi
Dci `ÿZv AR©b Ki|
·qqv`k Aaa¨vq
Bwćbii hš¿vs‡‡ki Dci
ci `ÿZ
Zv AR©b
13.11 Bwćbi w¯’i hš¿vsk kbbv³KiY|
Bwć‡bi w¯’i hš¿vsk
s me©`v w¯’i _v‡K Ges Ab¨vb¨
A N~Y©vqgv
gvb hš¿vsk Gii g‡a¨ Ny‡i K
Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i|
K
D`vnniY¯^iƒc wmwjwjÛvi eøK, µ¨vsK
µ †KBm,, wmwjÛvi †nnW, wmwjÛvi Bb‡jU I G GMR÷ †gwb‡d dvì,
M¨vm
m‡KU cÖf…wZ Bwćbi
B w¯’i hš¿
h vsk
wPÎ 13
3.6 : fvj&f
13.33 Bwćbi K¨¨vg Øviv cwiP
iPvwjZ hš¿vskk kbv³KiY
K¨vgg k¨vdU Gggb GKwU hš¿ š¿vsk hv N~Yb© MwZ‡K ˆiw
iwLK
MwZ‡‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ
Z K‡i| µ¨vssK k¨vdU wMqvi
wM †_‡K K¨vg
K
k¨vd
d‡U kw³ †cuŠ‡Q
‡ _v‡K|
1. K¨vg jye fvj&
j&emg~n‡K cwi
wiPvjbv K‡i|
2. K¨vg B‡mbwUªUK
K dz‡qj cv¤ú
¤ú‡K cwiPvjbbv K‡i| wPÎ 13.77 : K¨vg k¨vdU
3. †nwjK¨vj wMqqvi wWw÷ªweDUUi Ges I‡qjj cv¤ú‡K cwi
wiPvjbv K‡i|
|
Kzwjs
j wm‡÷g
1. †iwW‡qUi
2. †iwW‡qUi Avvcvi U¨vsK
3. †iwW‡qUi †j jvqvi U¨vsK
4. †iwW‡qUi Avvci ûR Kv‡bK bKkb
5. †iwW‡qUi †j jvqvi ûR Kv‡bbKkb
6. †iwW‡qUi K¨¨vc
7. †iwW‡qUi †K Kvi
8. IqvUvi R¨v‡KKU
9. cv¤ú
10. d¨vb
11. _v‡g©v÷¨vU
12. evBcvm fvj&f
13. †U¤úv‡iPvi †MR|
†
wW‡R
Rj dz‡qj wm‡
m‡÷g
1. dz‡qj U¨vsK
2. dz‡qj wdëvii
3. †jv †cÖmvi cv¤ú
cv
4. †m‡KÛvwi wddëvi
5. nvB †cÖmvi cv¤ú
c
6. Bb‡RKUi
7. Ifvi †d¬v jvB
vBb
BMwb
wbkb wm‡÷g
wPÎ 13
3.11 : wW‡Rj d
dz‡qj wm‡÷g
1. †÷v‡iR e¨vUUvwi
2. BMwbkb wWwֻ
wֻweDUi
3. ¯úvK© cøvM
4. nvB †Ubkb Zvi
Z
5. BMwbkb Pvwee
÷vwi
wis wm‡÷g
1. ÷vwU©s †gvUi
2. †÷v‡iR e¨vUUvwi
3. ÷vUvi myBP
4. g¨vM‡bwUK myBP ev mwjb‡qqW myBP|
Dc‡‡iv³ Bwćbi hš¿vsk¸‡jv LyL‡j I cybtmss‡hvRb K‡i Bwćbi Dci `ÿZv AR©b Ki|
e¨ennvwiK 171
PZz
Zz`©k Aa¨¨vq
B
Bwćbi K cÖYvwj
Kvh© v m¤úú‡K© `ÿ
ÿZv AR©
R©b
wPÎ 14.1
1 : mvKkb †÷ª
† vK wPÎ 144.2 : Kg‡cÖkb †÷ªvK wPÎ 14
4.3 : cvIqvi †÷
÷ªvK wPÎ 144.4 : A¨vMR÷ †÷ªvK
M) cvIqvi
c †÷ªvK (Power Strroke):
N) GMR÷
G †÷ªvK:
K (Exhaust stroke)
K) µ¨vsK‡KBm
µ ¯
¯‹v‡fbwRs UvBBc (Crancasse scavenging type)
L) †eø
† vqvi ¯‹v‡fbbwRs UvBc (Blower
B scavenging Typ pe)
K) µ¨vsK
µ †KBmm ¯‹v‡fwRs UvvBc :
G Bwćbi
B †ÿ‡ÎÎ wgKPvi ev evZvm
e µ¨vK †KBm n‡q wmwjÛv‡i
wm cÖ‡ek
e K‡i Ges wmwjÛv‡ii †cvov
†
M¨vm
m †ei K‡i w`‡‡q wmwjÛvi c~
cY© nq|
L) †eø
† vqvi ¯‹v‡fbbwRs UvBc :
GB Bwćbi
B †ÿ‡ÎÎ BwÄb mvKkkvb c‡_ †eøvqvvi ¯’vwcZ _v‡K
K|
2) †dvi
† †÷ªvK BwÄb
B
†h Bwćbi
B PviwUU wµqvPµ wc÷ ÷‡bi Pvi Nvv‡Z m¤úbœ nqq, Zv‡K
†dvii †÷ªvK BwÄÄb e‡j| GBB Pvi NvZ m¤úbœm Ki‡Z µ¨vsK
k¨vd
d‡Ui c~Y© `yB N~Y©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
q nq A_©_©vr GB Bwćbbi cÖwZ
7200 wWwMÖ cic ci cvIqvi cvIqv hvq| AwaKvsk †c‡Uªvj wPÎ 14.6 : †c‡Uªvj BwÄb
BwÄbb¸‡jvB †dvii †÷ªvK BwÄb|
3 †c‡Uªvj I wW‡Rj
14.3 w BwÄbb kbv³KiY
1. †c‡Uªvj BwÄbb (Petrol Enngine) :
R¡vjvwb
jv wnmv‡e G me Bwćb †c‡Uª
† vj e¨envnvi Kiv
nq Gi
G `nb Kvh© wmwjÛv‡ii wfZ‡i
wf N‡U|
2. wW‡Rj
wW BwÄb :
G mem Bwćb R¡Rvjvwb wnmv‡‡e wW‡Rj dz‡qj
e¨ennvi Kiv nqq| GwU wm mAvB ev Kgg‡cÖkb
BMwb
wbkb Bwćbi AšÍfy©³|
Dc‡‡iv³ BwÄb¸‡j
jv Ly‡jI cybtms‡hvM
t K‡i Bwćbi Kvh©cÖ
cYÖ vwji Dci `ÿZv AR©b Ki|
e¨ennvwiK 173
cÂ
Â`k Aa¨¨vq
BwÄ
ćbi m¤¤úK©hy³ Z‡_¨ii Dci `ÿZv
` A
AR©b
15.11 †evi-Gi Dci
D `ÿZv AR© A b
†evii (Bore)
wmwj
jÛv‡ii Af¨šÍ¨šÍixY e¨vm‡K K †evi e‡j ‡j| BwÄb
wmwj
jÛv‡ii mvBR nq| wmwjÛv‡v‡ii mvBR cÖKvk K Ki‡Z
cÖ_g †jLv nq †ev
evi Zvici †÷ª
ֻvK| hw` ejv jv nq GKwU
jÛv‡ii mvBR 100×80 wg.wg.
wmwj wg Z‡e eyS‡Z S n‡e G
†ÿ‡ÎÎ †evi 100 0 wg.wg. †÷ª
÷ªvK 80 wg.wwg.| †evi
mvavviYZ BbmvBWW K¨vwjcvm© ev
e †Uwj‡¯‹vwcss †MR w`‡q
†g‡cc †evi m¤ú‡K
K© `ÿZv AR©b Ki|
15.22 wUwWwm/wewW
wWwm Gi kbv³
³KiY|
1. wUwWwm-Gi
w cY© kã Uc †WW& †m›Uvii| Bwćbi
c~
wmwj
jÛv‡i wc÷‡bbi EaŸ© Mg‡ g‡bi m‡e©v”P Ae¯’vb‡K
wUwWw
Wwm e‡j| ¯^vfvweK
v v wc÷b G Ae¯’v‡bi
Ae¯’vq
Dc‡‡i DV‡e bv eve Ge Ae¯’vb AwZµg Kii‡e bv| G
Ae¯’
¯’v‡b G‡mB wc÷‡bi
wc ms‡KvvPb KvR mgvaavb K‡i|
2. wewWwm-Gi
w cY© kã eUgg †WW& †m›Uv
c~ Uvi| BwÄb
wmwj
jÛv‡i wc÷‡bbi wb¤œ Mg‡bbi me© wb¤œ Ae¯’vb‡K
eUgg †WW& †m›Uvii e‡j| wb¤œ¤œ MgbKvjxb wc÷b G
Ae¯’
¯’v‡bi Avi wb‡P
w bv‡g bv|
b Uc †WW W †m›Uv‡i
hvIqqvi ci wc÷ ÷b †hgb Gii Mg‡bi w`K K cwieZ©b
K‡ii Abyiƒc fv‡‡e eUg †WW W-†m›Uv‡i hvI
Iqvi ciB
wc÷
÷‡bi Mg‡bi w`Kw cwieZ©b K‡i| Bwćbbi wmwjÛvi
†nW Ly‡j wUwWwm I wewWwm ch©©‡eÿb Ki|
wK¬qv‡iÝ fwjDg
f + †mv‡qd
dU fwjDg
=
wK¬qv‡iÝ fwjDgg
†mv‡qd
dU fwjDg
=1+
wK¬qv‡iiÝ fwjDg
lo
o`k Aa¨¨vq
Mvwo
wo wMÖwRsK
KiY
16.11 wMÖR Mv‡bii mvnv‡h¨ Mvwo
woi wMÖwRs :
c‡q›
q›Umg~‡n wMÖwRs
R m¤úbœKiYY :
- BBwÂb †Pwm‡m GKvwaK wMÖwRs
wR c‡q›U _v‡v‡K| wMÖwRs
K
Ki‡Yi c~‡e© G wMÖwRs c‡q›U
›Umg~n kbv³ Ki|
K
- G
GwU Qvov I jyweª‡KwUs ZvwjKvq wMÖwRsKi‡Yi
c
c‡q›Umg~‡ni bvg †jLv _v‡K,
_v ZvwjKv †gvZv‡eK
cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡qq›U wMÖwRs Ki|
- wK
wKQz wKQz ¯’v‡bb jvBd UvBgg jyweª‡Kkb Kiv
K _v‡K H
m
mKj ms‡hvM¯ ¯’‡j jyweª‡Kk
k‡bi cÖ‡qvRbb c‡o bv|
†
†hgb ej R‡q›U
R DB_ BDwbfvi‡m mj R‡q›U
B
BZ¨vw`|
- wMª
w ªR Mvb wba©vwiZ
w wMÖR Øvivv c~Y© Ki|
- wwMÖÖwRs‡qi myweav‡_©
we Mvwo‡K
K wjd‡U D‡Ë
Ëvjb Ki|
U iW G‡Ûii wMÖwRs wbc‡‡j wMÖR Mvb hyh³ Kiv I
UvB wPÎ
PÎ 16.2 : wMqvii wMÖwRsKiY
w ÖR Mv‡bi nvZj
wMÖ n †P‡c wMÖwRs m¤úbœbœ Ki Ges
civZb †ei n‡q
cy n‡ Avmv wMÖR AcmviY Kii|
- hhw` wMÖR Mv‡‡bi wbcj wMÖwRs c‡q‡›Uii wbc‡ji m‡½ n Zv n‡j wMÖR Mv‡bi m‡½
m hy³ bv nq
m
mieivnK… Z A¨vWRv÷vi
A I G·‡Ubkb hy³ K‡i wMÖwRs
R Ki|
- BDwbfv‡m©
B j R‡q‡›U
R wMÖwRs--Gi GKvwaK c‡q›U i‡q‡QQ cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡‡q‡›U wMÖwRs K
Ki|
- GB
G c×wZ‡Z Mvwoi Zxi wPý
Pý cÖ‡Z¨K wMÖwRs
w c‡q›U wMÖMwRsKiY
w m¤úb
úbœ Ki|
- G
GKLvbv cwi®‹ ®‹vi Kvco LÊ/Wv÷vi
L UvI
I‡qj w`‡q
wW w÷KwU gy‡Q bvI|
wWc
- Gevi
G wWc w÷KwU‡K
w÷ Zvii ¯’v‡b I Luv‡R BwÄb
eø‡Ki M‡Z© cwi wiwgZ Pv‡c, †P‡c
† emvI|
- Zvici
Z Avj‡Z Zvfv‡e wWc--w÷KwU Zvi LuvR n‡Z
I
IVvI| w÷‡K jye A‡qj †j j‡M _vK‡e|
- †Kv‡bv
† ¯’vb ch©
c šÍ wWc w÷÷‡Ki gv_vq jye A‡qj
†
†j‡M i‡q‡Q Zv Z kbv³ Ki| wPÎ 16.3 : wWWcw÷K Øviv BwÄb gwe‡ji gvÎv wbixxÿY
- wWc-w÷‡K
wW m v”P (H) I me©wbgœ (L) gvÎvmn
m‡e©
K
K‡qKwU mg `~i‡Z¡i `vM KvUv
Kv _v‡K|
- G `v‡Mi m‡½ ½ jye A‡qj †j‡M
† _vKvq `vM
` wgwj‡q
†
†`L|
- hw`
h me©wb¤œ gvÎvi
g wb‡P _vv‡K Zv n‡j wec¾bK|
w
G †ÿ‡Î Aek k¨B wba©viZ †MÖ‡Wi A‡qj j Øviv gvÎv
ciY Ki|
c~
- KLbI
K m‡e©v”PP gvÎvi Dci jye A‡qj _vK vKv DwPZ bq| wPÎ 16.4 : A‡qj cøvvM bvU AcmviYY
- my
mZivs wWcw÷ ÷K Øviv †g‡c A‡q‡ji gvÎÎv msiÿY bq|
16.3
3 wWdv‡iw݇q
‡q‡j A‡q‡jii gvÎv wbixÿ
ÿY Ges cÖ‡qvR
vR‡b gvÎv c~iY
i Ki:
- BBwćbi cvIqqvi †Uª‡b m¤§
¤§yL‡K BwÄb I wcQ‡bi
P
PvKvØq Øviv WªvBf e¨envii †ÿ‡Î wiqvii G‡·‡ji
m
ms‡hvM¯’‡j GKwU
G wWdv‡iwÝ wÝqvj e· kbv
bv³ Ki|
- PPvi PvKv Øviv
iv cwiPvwjZ WªvBf e¨e¯’vq m¤§yL I
w
wcQ‡bi G‡·
·‡ji ms‡hvM¯M¯’‡j `ywU wW
Wdv‡iwÝqvj
k
kbv³ Ki|
- wW
wWdv‡iwÝqvj-G
Gi A‡q‡ji gvÎv c~iYKi‡‡Yi wbwg‡Ë
M
Mvwo‡Z wjdU/K
/Kvi †nv‡q÷/R
R¨vK Øviv D‡Ëv
Ëvjb Ki| wPÎ 16.5 : wWdv‡iw݇q‡j A
A‡q‡ji gvÎv cyiY
- wWdv‡iw݇ji
wW A‡qj wdwjs K¨vcwU h_v_©_© cwigv‡ci
G †i‡Ä Øvviv wXj w`‡q AcmviY
GKwU A Ki|
wdwjs K¨vc ¯’‡ji me©wb¤œ A_©vr wP‡Îi W‡UU jvBb eievi
- wd e K| hw` Kg _v‡K
A‡qj _vKv Avek¨K
Z n‡j A‡q‡j
Zv ji gvÎv c~iY Ki|
e¨ennvwiK 177
- Zv
Z bv n‡j Gm
mGB 90 A‡qj
qj msMÖn Ki|
- GKwU
G A‡qj K¨vc
K Dc‡iv³
³ A‡qj Øviv cwic~
c Y© Ki|
- Zvici
Z wdwjs K¨v‡ci wQ`ª w`‡q
w wWdv‡iwÝ
w݇qj †KBwmss‡i A‡qj Xv‡‡jv|
- hLb
h †`L‡e wdwjs
wd K¨v‡ci wQ`ª w`‡q A‡qqj Mwo‡q co
o‡Z Avi¤¢ Kii‡Q, ZLb gvÎÎv c~iY eÜ Ki|
K
- wba©
wb vwiZ U‡K© A‡qj
A cøvM bvvU UvBU `vI Ges wWdv‡iwÝ
wÝqvj-Gi A‡qq‡ji gvÎv c~iiY m¤úbœ Kii|
- BwÄb
B I K¬v‡Pii ciB A‡Uv‡ggvwUf UªvÝwgk
kb/wMqvi e·
· kbv³ Ki|
- m¤§y
m L PvKv Øviiv cwiPvwjZ Mvwoi
M m¤§y‡L Uªmevi wMqvi e·/Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW
U wMqvi e·
· kbv³ Ki|
- cÖ‡Z¨KwU wMqvvi e‡·i A‡qq‡ji gvÎv wba©a©vwiZ mgq AšÍ gvÎv c~iY Ki|
Aši wbixÿY I cÖ‡qvR‡b gv
- wWdv‡iwÝqvj-
wW -Gi b¨vq wMqv
qvi e· †KBwm
wms-G I GKwU
wU A‡qj cøvM bvU
b _v‡K|
- GwU
G cwigvc gZ
g †iÄ Øviv G A‡qj wdwj
wjs cøvM bvUwU wXjv w`‡q Ac
cmviY Ki|
- A‡q‡ji
A gvÎv wQ`ª eivei _vKv
_ DwPZ|
- wwMqvi e‡· A‡qj
A Kg _vK K‡j wewb‡`©wkZ
Z A‡qj Øvivv A_ev GmGB-90 A‡qj Øviv GKwU A‡qj
A
K
K¨v‡ci mvnv‡hh¨ wMqvi A‡qq‡ji gvÎv c~iY
i Ki|
- Aek¨
A A‡qj cø i Ki‡Z n‡e|
cv‡Mi wQ`ª eiivei gvÎv c~iY
- Z
Zvici A‡qj
j cøvM jvwM‡q wba©vwiZ U‡K
K© UvBU `vI Ges
G wMqvi e‡‡·i A‡q‡jii gvÎv c~iY m¤úbœ
m
K
Ki|
178 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
Re ZvwjKv
1. GK UzKiv d¬vU evi‡K KZ©b I Nl©Yc~e©K GK eM© Bw‡Z cwiYZKiY|
2. cÖ`Ë GK LÊ †jvnvi iW‡K GK Bw KZ©b c~e©K n¨vKÕm‡Mvbvj ˆZwiKiY|
3. GKwU Wvqbvgvi eª¨v‡KU ˆZwiKiY|
4. dv‡bj ˆZwiKiY|
5. GK LÊ Kcvi wUDe‡K d¬vqvwisKiY|
6. wewfbœ cÖKvi mvgMÖx w`‡q M¨vm‡KU wbg©vYKiY|
7. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji wewfbœ c‡q›U MÖxwRsKiY|
8. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvevBj BwÄb wehy³KiY|
9. U¨v‡cU wK¬qv‡iÝ G¨vWRv÷KiY|
10. wWwRUvj/g¨vbyqvj G‡fvwgUvi Øviv ˆe`y¨wZK miÄvgvw` cix¶Y|
11. Kcvi wUDe d¬¨vqvwis Kivi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
12. e¨vUvwi mvwf©wms I PvwR©sKi‡Yi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
13. we`y¨ZPvwjZ (e¨vUvwi) hvbevnb ch©‡eÿY I cwiPvjbvi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
14. IqvK©kc cwi`k©‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwiKiY|
wØ
wØZxq cÎ
Î
cÖ_g Aa¨vvq
I‡qwìss
W
Welding
g
1.1 I‡qwìs (Welding
W )
I‡qwwìs GKwU ¯’vqx vq †Rvo cÖwµqv|
µ mgRvZxq xq `ywU e¯‘ avZ
vZe LʇK Zvvc A_ev Zvcc I Pv‡ci mvvnv‡h¨
MwjZ Z ev Aa©MwjZ Z Ae¯’vq Avvbq‡bi gva¨‡gg †Rvov †`I Iqvi c×wZ‡K
K I‡qwìs e‡j j| hvwš¿K cÖhyhw³i
µgwe weKvk I DbœwZiwZ †ÿ‡Î I‡qqwìs‡qi ¸iæZ Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| †Rvo
ov †`Iqvi †ÿ
ÿ‡Î wi‡fwUs wmwgs,
wm
†mvììvwis I †eªwRss‡qi g‡Zv c× ×wZ we`¨gvb _vK‡jI k³ ³ I wQ`ªgy³ †Rvovi
† †ÿ‡Î I‡qwìs‡qi weKí
w
†bB| KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK hvwš wš¿K Kg©Kv‡Êii cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨KKwU †ÿ‡ÎB I‡qwìs‡qi
I‡ cÖ‡‡qvRbxqZv
q i‡qq‡Q|
IqvK K©k‡c fvOv hš¿ š¿vsk †Rvov †``Iqv QvovI, M¨vm
M
†ÿ‡ÎÎ, †Zj †ÿ‡ÎÎ, K…wl †ÿ‡ÎÎ, GgbwK wbg© wb vY
Kv‡RRI cÖwZwbqZ Z e¨eüZ n‡”Q I‡qwì wìs|
I‡qwwìs‡qi G e¨vcK e¨ennvi G‡K †hhgwb
cÖhyw³MZ
w³ w`K w``‡q Dc‡iv³ DbœZ I AvayaywbK
Ki‡Z Z mvnvh¨ Kii‡Q, wVK Abb¨w`‡K I‡qwì ìs‡q
w`b w`b hy³ n‡q‡Q n cÖKvi‡f‡f‡`i wfbœZv I
e¨vc
cKZv| d‡j, I‡qwìs AvR c„w_exRy‡o c„_K
GKwU wU cÖhwy ³‡Z iƒƒc wb‡q‡Q, hvii e¨vcKZv i‡‡q‡Q
AvaywbK
w KvwiMwi †ÿ‡Î † me©¯‡Í i|
wPÎÎ 1.1 : I‡qwìs
1.2 I‡qwìs‡qii cÖKvi‡f` (Types of Welding
W )
e¯‘ avZe I AavavZe c`v‡_©i cÖKvi‡f`, ag© I cyiæ‡Z¡
Z¡i Dci wfwË
wË K‡i I‡qwì
wìs‡K wb‡Pi cÖ`Ë
cÖKvi‡f`
vi †gvZv‡eeK gyL¨ fv‡MM wef³ Kiv hvq|
h
180
0 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
wewf
fbœ cÖKvi I‡qqwìs‡qi eY©bv
b (Descrip ption of Deeerent types of welding):
wdDk
Dkb I‡qwìs (Fusion welding)
w : Zv‡ci mvnnv‡h¨ avZe c`v_©
c ‡K m¤ú~ú~Y© MwjZ Aee¯’vq
Avbqqbc~e©K †Kvbb iƒc AvNvZZ ev Pvc e¨ZxZ
e¨ †Rvov †`Iqvi c××wZ‡K wdDk
kb I‡qwìs e‡j|
e
Zzjgbvg~
g jK cyiæZ Z¡ avZe e¯‘‡Z
‡ k³, gReeyZ I wQ`ªgy³ †Rvov †`I Iqvi †ÿ‡Î G RvZxq I‡‡qwìs
e¨eüüZ nq| wd dDkb I‡qwì ìs‡qi †kªwY‡f f‡`i cÖPzi wfbœ
w Zv _vK‡jjI, mPivPii e¨eüZ wd
dDkb
I‡qw
qwìs‡qi mswÿ
ÿß cwiwPwZ evv weeiY wb‡P cÖ`Ë n‡jv|
A I‡qwìss (Arc Weelding) : wee`y¨r cwievnx `ywU mgRvZxxq e¯‘‡K mvggvb¨ e¨eav‡b G‡b
1. AvK©
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ ¯úvK© KZ…
K ©K m„ó AvvK© Øviv SvjvvBKiY ev †R
Rvov †`Iqvi c×wZ‡K AvvK© I‡qwìs e‡j|
e
¯úv‡‡Ki I‡qwìs m¤úbœ
m Kiv nq|
nq Gwm/wWwm m ØvivB G AvK
K© m„wó Kiv m¤¢
m e| mvaviYZ
Z 25-30 IqqvwK©s
†fv‡ë
‡ë‡R AvK©-I‡qwìs
I Kiv nq|
n duvKv ¯’vb †gUvj Øviiv c~i‡Yi Rbb¨ d¬v·hy³ BB‡jK‡UªvW e¨¨eüZ
nq| B‡jK‡UªvW e¨env‡ii
e c×
×wZMZ cÖKvi‡i‡f‡`i Dci wfwË K‡i AvK©
Av I‡qwìs‡KK wb‡Pi `ywU fv‡M
Avevvi wef³ Kivv hvq:
K. †gUvj AvK© Av I‡qwìss (Metal Arc
Weelding): †gUUvj AvK© I‡qqwìs KivKvjxxb mg‡q
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ ¯úv‡K©
K©i m‡½ m‡½½ GK w`‡K K †hgb
Kvh©©e¯‘ M‡j, Abb¨ w`‡K B‰j
jK‡UªvWI LiiP nq|
B‡jK
jK‡Uªv‡Wi †gUUvj, e¨m †gUUv‡ji m‡½ hy³ n‡q
†Rvo
ov †`Iqvi KvR
K m¤úbœ K‡i|
K G RvZx
Zxq AvK©
I‡qw
qwìs GKwU eûje cÖPwjZ mvaviYZ
m avZz
Zz †Rvov
†`Iqqvi c×wZ|
wPÎ1.2 : †gUvj AvK© I
I‡qwìs
2. BbvU©
B M¨vm AvvK©-I‡qwìs (Inert Gass Arc Weld ding) :
BbvU©U© M¨vm AvK© I‡qwìs-Gi
I cÖKvi we‡kl ai‡bi
a ˆe`y¨wZK
wZ AvK© I‡qw
qwìs| mvaviYZ
YZ †÷b‡jm w÷j,
w
G¨vj
jq w÷‡ji b¨v¨vq avZee¯‘ †Rvov
† †`Iqvii Rb¨ G c×wwZ h_v_©| Aww·WvB‡Rkb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wbwg‡Ë
wb
M¨v‡m
mi Ave‡×i g‡a¨g †i‡L, †hh AvK© I‡qwì
ìs Kiv nq, Zv‡K
Z BbvU© M¨vvm AvK© I‡qwì
wìs e‡j| AviiMvbv
ev nvB‡Wª
nv v‡Rb M¨vvm G †ÿ‡Î AwZwi³
A Dcv``vb wn‡m‡e e¨¨eüZ nq e‡jj GUv Ab¨vb¨
b¨ AvK© I‡qwì
ìs‡qi
Zzjbvq
b wKQzUv e¨qqeûj| B‡jK K‡UªvW Li‡Pi c×wZ‡f‡` GwU G wb‡Pi `yB cÖKvi nq| hh_vÑ
L. BbvU©
B M¨vm †gUvj AvK© I‡qwìs (Metal
M
Ineert gas arcc welding) :
ms‡ÿÿ‡c G‡K wgMwg I‡qwìs e‡j| nvB‡Wª Wªv‡Rb
AviiMb M¨v‡mi cÖev‡ni g‡aa¨ A‡Uv‡gwUK Kfv‡e
AvMMZ I µgvMZ Zfv‡e LiP nqq, G RvZxq Iq¨vi
B‡j
jK‡Uªv‡Wi mvnvnv‡h¨ †h I‡qwìs
I‡ m¤úbœbœ nq,
Zv‡KK wgM I‡qwì
ìs e‡j| ¯^qswµqfv‡e
s G RvZxq
R
I‡qqwìs m¤úbœ nqq weavq AwaK
K nv‡i I‡qwì
ìs‡qi wPÎ 1.5 : wgM I‡qw
qwìs
1822 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
3. M¨vm
M I‡qwìss (Gas Wellding)
·‡R‡bi m‡½ A¨vwmwUwjb ev †cÖv‡cb M¨v‡mi
Aw· M
mswg
wgkª‡Yi gva¨‡gg wewfbœ ai‡bbi AwMœ wkLvv ˆZwi
K‡ii wdjvi iW e¨env‡ii
e gvaa¨‡g †Rvov †``Iqvi
c×wwZ‡K M¨vm I‡‡qwìs e‡j| M¨vmmg~n mvaaviYZ
D”P Pv‡c wmwjÛv‡‡ii g‡a¨ Avee× _v‡K|
wPÎ 1.6 : M¨vm I‡qqwìs
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwU‡fi †ÿÿ‡Î G RvZxqq M¨vm I‡qwìwìs‡qi e¨vcKK e¨envi jÿ ÿ¨ Kiv hvq| Aw·‡R‡bi m‡½
A¨vwm
wmwUwjb ev †cÖ
cÖv‡cb M¨vm e¨eüZ
e nq weavq
we G‡K wb‡ b‡gœi `ywU fv‡MM fvM Kiv nn‡q‡Q| K) Aw·-
A
A¨vwm
wmwUwjb M¨vm I‡qwìs| L) Aw·- †cÖv‡cbb (g¨vc) M¨vm
m I‡qwìs|
bb wdDkb
w I‡qw
qwìs (Non Fusion
F Welding) : Zv‡ci
Z mvnv‡hh¨ avZz‡K DË
Ëß jvj Ae¯’vq
v ev
Aa©MwjZ
M Ae¯’vq G‡b, ZvrÿwY
wYK Ae¯’vq Pv‡ci
Pv gva¨‡g †Rvov †`Iqvivi c×wZ‡K bb wdDkb I‡‡qwìs
e‡j| AvR n‡Z cÖvq wZb nvR Rvi eQi Av‡v‡M n‡Z Kvgvgvikvjvq nvZ
Z I nvZzwoi m mvnv‡h¨ G RvZxq
R
ov †`Iqv n‡qq Avm‡Q| AvR
†Rvo RKvj A‡bK AvaywbK c×wZ wZ‡Z †gwk‡bii mvnv‡h¨ G R
RvZxq I‡qwì
ìs‡qi
gva¨¨‡g †Rvov †`I
Iqvi KvRwU m¤úbœ
m n‡q _v‡‡K| †Rvov †``Iqvi c×wZ‡‡f‡` G‡K wb‡b‡gœi K‡qKwU fv‡M
wef³³ Kiv n‡q‡QQ|
1. †iwR‡÷Ý-I‡
† ‡qwìs (Resiistance Welding
W ):
†iwRR‡÷Ý I‡qwì ìs g~jZ †gwk k‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Kiv n‡q _vv‡K| G
RvZx
Zxq †gwkb‡K ¯úU¯ I‡qwìs †gwkb e‡j| ¯úU I‡qwìss †gwkb
n¯Í ev c`PvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| wP‡Î G RvZ Zxq c`PvwjZ Z GKwU
wkb †`Lv‡bv nqq †jv-†fv‡ëR
†gwk R D”PgvÎvq evav
e AwZµ‡ggi Rb¨,
D”P nv‡i Kv‡i›U cÖev‡ni d‡j j Kv‡i›U evavcÖ
cÖvß n‡j Uvwg©g©bvj Gi
`yB cÖv‡šÍ ch©vß Zvc
Z Drcbœ K‡i ‡i|
G Uvwg©
Uv bvj؇qi ga¨eZ©
g x ¯’v‡b †Rvov †`Iqvi
vi avZe e¯‘‡K †i‡L,
wPÎ 1.7 : †iwR‡‡÷Ý-I‡qwìs †ggwkb
wP
Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|n Gi d‡j j Zv‡c avZe e¯‘
e Aa©MwjZ Ae¯’vq
G‡m m, Pv‡ci d‡j j †Rvov †j‡M hvq|
G RvZxq
R †Rvov †`Iqv c×wZ Z‡K †iwR‡÷Ý Ý I‡qwìs e‡‡j| G‡K †R Rvov †`Iqvi c×wZ‡f‡` wb‡Pi wb
wZbwwU fv‡M fvM Kiv
K hvq :
I‡qw
qwìs 183
L. wmg-I‡qwìs
wm (Seam weelding) : ¯úúU I‡qwìs-G Gi b¨vq †Rvo ov
†`Iqqv `ywU avZee wkU‡K AviII k³ I AbboKi‡Yi wbwg wg‡Ë G RvZxqq
wmg--I‡qwìs Kivv nq| wmwgs‡s‡qi gva¨‡g †Rvov †`Iqvv ¯’vb‡K ¯úUU
I‡qw
qwìs †gwk‡bii Uvwg©bvj؇qii ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b
v‡ †i‡L wKQzQz ¯’vb ci cii
Pvc w`‡q †Rvov †`Iqvi
† c×wZ
Z‡K wmg-I‡qwwìs e‡j|
wPÎ 1.9 : wm
wmg I‡qwìs †gwk
wkb
Mvwo
oi ewW †givgZ
gZ, GMR÷ cvBc
c †givgZ
Z, GgbwK A¨vvjywgwbqvg wbwg
wg©Z wewfbœ hš¿
š¿vsk †Rvov †``Iqv
†ÿ‡ÎÎ †eªR I‡qwì
wìs h‡_vchy³|
3. c−vw÷K I‡qwwìs (Plastiic Weldingg) : cøvw÷K RvZxq e¯‘ Zvc Z A_ev Z Zvc I Zvc c×wZ
c
cÖ‡qvM
qv K‡i †Rvo ov †`Iqvi c×wZ‡K
c cøvw÷
÷K I‡qwìs e‡j| e AvRKvvj cøvw÷‡Ki cvBc, cøvw÷
÷‡Ki
wkU,, GgbwK cøvw÷‡Ki
w A‡bKK hš¿vskB KvwiMwi
K cÖhw³
wy ³ µgweKv‡kk e¨eüZ n‡q ‡q Avm‡Q| gwiPv
g
cÖwZ‡iva
Z‡ I wbg©vY LiP Kg nIqvq,
n AvRKv Kvj cøvw÷‡Ki e¯‘ ev hš¿vsk e¨env‡ii ee¨vcKZv w`bb w`b
e„w× cv‡”Q| cøvw÷‡Ki
w e¯‘i e¨env‡ii e¨vcKZv
e hZZB e„w× cv‡”Q”Q, ¯^vfvweK MwZ‡ZB cøvw÷K
v
0 0
I‡qw
qwìs‡qi e¨vc
cKZv e„w× cvv‡”Q| cøvw÷K K‡K ¯^í Zvc cgvÎvq A_©vr 246 -3577 †m. ZvcggvÎvq
Aa©MwjZ
M ev big Ae¯’vq G‡b †Rvov †`Iqvv nq| c×wZ †f‡` cøvw÷K I‡qwìs wb‡PPi `yB cÖKvi :
I‡qw
qwìs 185
K. Kvgvikvjvq
K PzPjv Øviv : GwU
G AZ¨š— Avwvw` c×wZ| Kvgvikvjvq
Kv ZvvZvj Pzjvq DË
Ëß K‡i cøvw÷
÷‡Ki
†Rvo
o ¯’v‡b jvwM‡qq hLb Aa©MwjZwj Ae¯’vq Av‡m,
A ZLb Pvc
Pv cÖ‡qvM K‡‡i ci¯ú‡ii m m‡½ †Rvov †``Iqv
hvq|
L. ˆe`y
ˆe ¨wZK ev M¨vm
M cÖevn Øvviv : cøvw÷‡KKi e¯‘
G RvZxq
R I‡qwì
wìs‡q ˆe`y¨wZKK UP© A_ev M¨vm
¡wj we‡kl ai‡bi Zvc wbqwš¿Z UP©P© Øviv
cÖRwjZ
†Rvoov †`Iqvi KvR
K m¤úbœ Kiv Ki nq| †Rvo o ¯’vb
w
evU A_ev wd‡j jU Ae¯’vq Avbqbc~
A e©K we‡kl
w
ai‡bbi UP© Øviv DwjøwLZ Zvc cgvÎvq DËßß K‡i
cøvw÷
÷‡Ki wdjvii iW e¨envii K‡i wP‡Îii b¨vq
†Rvoov †`Iqvi KvvRwU m¤úbœ nq|
nq
wPÎ
Î 1.13 : ˆe`y¨wZK
w ev M¨vm cÖevn Øviv I‡qwwìs
1. A‡Uv‡gvwU‡fi
A i †ÿ‡Î :
K. BwÄb
B Drcv`‡bb|
L. Bwćbi
B wewfbœb hš¿vsk ˆZwiK
Ki‡Y
M. Mvwo/BwÄb
M †giivg‡Zi Kv‡R
R|
N. Mvwo-ewW
M ˆZwi
wiKi‡Y|
O. Mvwo-†d«
M g ˆZwi
wiKi‡Y
P. Mvwoi
M mvB‡jÝ
Ývi ˆZwi/†givg
vg‡Z|
Q. Mvwo/Bwćbi
M h vsk †givgZ
hš¿ ZKi‡Y|
R. Mvwo
M mvwf©wmsK
Ki‡Y| wPÎ 1..14 : I‡qwìs-G
Gi cÖ‡qvM
2. Drcv`bgy
D Lx wkíKviLvbvi
wk i †ÿ‡Î :
K. Drcv`b
D `ªe¨ cÖ¯‘Z ev ˆZwiK
iKi‡Y|
L. RwUj
R hš¿vsk Drcv`‡b|
D
M. hš¿
h vsk †Rvov †`Iqvi †ÿ‡ÎÎ|
186 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
N. hš¿vsk †givg‡Z|
O. ¯^í Li‡Pi hš¿vsk Drcv`‡b|
P. dvDwÛª/†gvwìs‡qi weKí wn‡m‡e|
3. K…wl †ÿ‡Î :
K. K…wl/Bwi‡Mkb hš¿cvwZ †givg‡Z|
L. K…wl hš¿cvwZ Drcv`‡b|
M. cvwb mieivn jvBb †givg‡Z|
N. cvwb mieivn jvBb †Rvov †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î
O. ¯^í Li‡P K…wl hš¿cvwZ †Rvov †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î|
4. M¨vm wd‡ì :
K. M¨vm mieivn jvBb †givg‡Z|
L. M¨vm mieivn jvBb ˆZwiKi‡Y|
M. M¨vm D‡Ëvjb †ÿ‡Î hš¿cvwZ †Rvov †`Iqvi Kv‡R
N. M¨vm wbqš¿Y fvj&f ms‡hvM/†givg‡Zi †ÿ‡Î|
O. M¨vm wdì mieivn jvBb mvwf©wms Ki‡Yi †ÿ‡Î|
5. †Zj †ÿ‡Î :
K. †Zj †ÿ‡Îi mieivn jvBb ¯’vc‡b|
L. †Zj †ÿ‡Îi hš¿cvwZ †givg‡Z|
M. †Zj †ÿÎ mvwf©wms‡q|
N. †µvW-A‡qj D‡Ëvj‡bi hš¿cvwZ ¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î|
O. †µvW-A‡qj D‡Ëvj‡bi hš¿cvwZ ¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î|
P. widvBbvwi KviLvbv ¯’vcb Kv‡R|
6. I‡qwìs IqvK©k‡c :
K. †jŠnRvZ †h †Kv‡bv e¯‘/AvmevecÎ †givg‡Z|
L. w÷j Avjgvwi, dvBj †Kwe‡bU I Ab¨vb¨ †jŠnRvZ AvmevecÎ ˆZwii KvR|
M. †jŠnRvZ †h †Kv‡bv AeKvVv‡gv ˆZwiKi‡Y|
N. wMÖj/†jŠnRvZ †h †Kv‡bv †eov wbg©v‡Y|
O. †h †Kv‡bv †jŠnvRZ e¯‘ †Rvov †`Iqvi Kv‡R|
P. wd«R ev G RvZxq hš¿/hš¿vs‡k wbwñ`ª cvBcjvBb †Rvov †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î|
I‡qw
qwìs 187
7. hvwš¿
h K IqvK©k‡ci k Kg©Kv‡‡Û :
K. fvOv
f hš¿cvwZ †givgZ ev †R Rvov †`Iqvi Kv‡R|
L. †gwkb/hš¿
†g cvwZ
wZ ¯’vcbvi Kv‡‡R|
M. wdwjs
wd K‡i hš¿ š¿vs‡ki c~e©ve¯’
¯’vq Avbvq‡bii Kv‡R|
N. †h †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨
q hvwš¿
šK
K †givg‡Z|
O. cvwbi
c U¨vs‡K wbg©
w vY Kv‡R|
P. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK K hš¿vsk †Rvo ov w`‡q GKwU
wU c~Y©v½ hš¿ ˆZ
Zwii Kv‡R|
Q. ¯^í Li‡P hš¿vsks Drcv`b I †givg‡Z|
R. ¯^
¯í mg‡q hvwš¿wš¿K Kvh© I mvvwf©wms‡q BZ¨v¨vw` Kv‡R|
1.4 I‡qwìs‡qi †Rvovi cÖKvi‡f`K (Types of Weelding Joints) : k³, gReyZ I wbwñ`ªwb
I‡qw
qwìs‡qi c~e©kZ©
k n‡”Q, I‡qqwìs ¯’vb‡K I‡qwìs‡qi Rb¨ h‡_vchyhy³fv‡e cÖ¯‘Z
ZKiY I h_vv¯’v‡b
h_v__© †RvovwU wbee©vPb Ges cÖ`vbKiY|
` GR
Rb¨ I‡qwìs‡qqi †Rvovi cÖKvi‡f`
K m¤ú‡‡K© AewnZ nIqvi
n
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
qv i‡qq‡Q| I‡qwìss‡q GKwU avZe
av L‡Êi m‡½
m AciwU A_©vr I‡qwì ìs‡qi c~‡e© G‡`i
G
Ae¯’
¯’vb‡f‡` †Rvo ov‡K cÖavbZ wb‡gœ
w `ywU fv‡MM fvM Kiv n‡‡q‡Q :
1. evU
e R‡q›U (ButtB Joint) :
G c×wZ‡Z
c Ze e¯‘Øq‡K I‡qwìs‡qi mvnvh¨
avZ
†Rvoov †`Iqvi †ÿ ÿ‡Î ev avZee LÊØq‡K ci¯ú‡ii
c
gy‡LvvgywL ¯’vcb K‡i,
K †Rvov †`Iqv‡K evUU R‡q›U
e‡j| k³, gReeyZ Ges wbwk wk&Q`ª †Rvov †`Iqvi wPÎ t 1.155
†ÿ‡ÎÎ G RvZxq R‡q›U/†Rvovv e¨eüZ n‡qq _v‡K|
wP‡ÎÎ G RvZxq K‡qKwU
K‡ evU R‡q‡›Ui
R bgybv †`Lv‡bv
n‡jvv|
2. wd‡jU-R‡q›U
wd U (Fillet Jooint) :
G c×wZ‡Z
c Rvov †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î avZ
†R Ze e¯‘i
GKwUwUi Dci Ac ci GKwU e¯‘ ¯’vcb K‡i avZe
a LÊ
¯’vcbbc~e©K †Rvovv †`Iqvi c× ×wZ‡K wd‡jUU R‡q›U
e‡j| AeKvVv‡gvv ˆZwii †ÿ‡‡Î GRvZxq R‡q‡›Ui
R
e¨ennvi me©vwaK| GwU gReyZ R‡q‡›Ui wbðqZv
weavbb K‡i| wP‡ÎwP G RvZx Zxq K‡qKwU wd‡jU
R‡q‡
q‡›Ui bgybv †``Lv‡bv n‡jv| wPÎÎ 1.16 : wd‡jU R‡q›U
188
8 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
wd‡j
jvU R‡q‡›Uii cÖKvi‡f`: avZe e¯‘ ev avZe L‡Êi GKwUi Dcii AciwU ¯’vc‡
c‡bi wfbœZvi Dci
Ë K‡i wd‡jU R‡q›U‡K wb‡P
wfwË ‡Pi PviwU cÖavb
v fv‡M fvM Kiv
K n‡q‡Q|
K. Ifvi‡jc
I R‡‡q›U: avZe L‡Êi
L GK cv‡k ki wKQz As‡k
ki Dci AciiwUi wKQz Ask
k ¯’vcb K‡i,, GK
cv‡k
k ev Dfq cv‡‡k †Rvov †`I
Ihvi c×wZ‡K
K h_vµ‡g wm‡‡½j ev Wvej Ifvi‡jc R‡‡q›U e‡j|
L. GR-R‡q›U
G : avZe e¯‘i ev
e LÊ؇qi GK
K cv‡ki Dc GK cv‡k ev Dfq
ci Aci cvk ¯’vcb K‡i, G
cv‡k
k †Rvov †`Iqqvi c×wZ‡K h_vµ‡g
h GR R‡q›U e‡j|
I‡qw
qwìs 189
M. Kb©
K vi R‡q›U : avZe L‡Êii `ywU GR‡K †KŠwYK
Ae¯’
¯’vb †i‡L, evB‡i
e ev †f
fZ‡ii G‡R †Rvov
†`Iqqvi c×wZ‡K Kb©vi R‡q›U e‡j|
N. wU-R‡q›U
w : GKwU avZee L‡Êi Dcii Aci
GKwU wU avZe LÊ Bs‡iwR
B eo nv‡Zi
n Aÿi ÔwUÕ
Ô Gi
b¨vqq †i‡L Gi GK cv‡k A_ev Dfqq cv‡k
I‡qw
qwìs‡qi gvaa¨‡g †Rvov †`Iqvi c×wZ‡Kc
h_vµ µ‡g wm‡½j ev
e Wej ÔwUÕ R‡q›U
R e‡j|
cÖkœgvjv-1
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| k³ I wQ`ªgy³ †Rvovi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb c×wZ‡Z †Rvov †`Iqv nq?
2| I‡qwìs cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
3| AvNvZ ev Pvc e¨ZxZ †Rvovi I‡qwìs c×wZ‡K Kx e‡j?
4| AvK© I‡qwìs Kx?
5| Kve©b B‡jK‡UªvW †Kvb I‡qwìs c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ nq?
6| BbvU© M¨vm AvK© I‡qwìs g~jZ †Kvb ai‡bi AavZz †Rvov e¨eüZ nq|
7| µ¨vsK k¨vdU wi‡g‡Uwjs G †Kvb ai‡bi I‡qwìs c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv nq|
8| M¨vm I‡qwìs-G Aw·‡R‡bi mv‡_ †Kvb †Kvb M¨v‡mi cÖR¡jb NUv‡bv nq?
9| A¨vjywgwbqvg wbwg©Z wewfbœ hš¿vsk †Rvov w`‡Z †Kvb c×wZ h‡_vchy³?
10| wUb RvZxq big avZz I Zv‡ii ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb c×wZ e¨vcK cÖPwjZ|
mswÿß cÖkœ :
11| I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
12| AvK© I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
13| wUM I‡qwì ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
14| wgM I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
15| †iwR‡÷Ý I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
16| ¯úU I‡qwìs-G B‡jK‡UªvW/wdjvi iW e¨eüZ nq bv †Kb?
17| †eªR I‡qwìs Kxfv‡e Kiv nq?
18| A‡Uv‡gvwU‡fi †ÿ‡Î I‡qwìs-Gi cuvPwU cÖ‡qvM †`LvI|
19| I‡qwìs †Rvo Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
20| I‡qwìs Kv‡R cvjbxq cuvPwU mZK©Zv D‡jøL Ki|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
21| I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? I‡qwìs-Gi cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI|
22| wdDkb I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? †gUvj AvK© I Kve©b AvK© I‡qwìs-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|
23| wUM I wgM I‡qwìs-Gi g‡a¨ cÖ‡f` †`LvI|
24| I‡qwìs-Gi cÖ‡qvM †`LvI
25| bb wdDkb I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx eySvq? ¯úU I‡qwìs c×wZ m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
26| I‡qwìs †Rv‡oi cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI|
27| wd‡jU †Rv‡oi wPÎmn cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI
28| I‡qwìs Kv‡R cvjbxq mZK©Zv¸‡jv wee„wZ Ki|
wØZxq Aa¨vq
M¨vm I‡qwìs
Gas Welding
wPÎ 2.1 : Aw·-A¨vwmwUwjb
A b BKz¨Bc‡g›U
2. A¨vwmwUwjb
A w
wmwjÛvi : A¨vwmwUwjb
A wm
wmwjÛvi mxgwe
wenxb D”P ¸bbvejxi w÷j Øviv ˆZwi| G‡K
kbv³³Ki‡Yi wbwg Uwjb wmwjÛvi mvaviYZ wZb
wg‡Ë evB‡i jvvj is Kiv _vv‡K| A¨vwmwUw ZbwU AvK…wZi ˆZwi
n‡q _v‡K, hv‡`i aviYÿgZv h_vµ‡g
h 85, 2.75 I 1.75 5 Nb wgUvi (ev
( 300, 1000 I 60 Nb dzU)|
A¨vwm
wmwUwjb wmwjÛ
Ûv‡ii e¨vm Aw·‡Rb
A wmwj
jÛvi n‡Z eo o wKš‘ j¤^vq †QvU| A¨vwmwU
wUwjb †i¸‡jUUi I
†cÖm
mvi
v wgUvi Gi gv_vqB hy³ _v‡K| Aw·‡R ‡Rb wmwjÛv‡iii b¨vq I wmwwjÛv‡ii Zj‡‡`‡k GKwU †mmdwU
fvj&f _v‡K|
3. wmwjÛv‡ii
wm †cÖm
Ö vi †MR : cÖ‡Z¨KwU wmwjÛvi
wm †m‡U `ywU †MR _vv‡K| GKwU‡K K wmwjÛvi †cÖ
cÖmvi
†MR
R Ges AciwU wU‡K IqvwK©s †cÖ
† mvi †MR e‡j|
e Aw·‡R Rb wmwjÛv‡iii †cÖmvi †M‡R
R wmwjÛv‡i iwÿZ
i
Aw·
·‡R‡bi †cÖmvi v wb‡`©k K‡i|
K cÿvšÍ‡i A¨vwmwUwjbb wmwjÛvi †cÖ
† mvi †M‡R wmwjÛv‡i iwÿZ
i
A¨vwm
wmwUwj‡bi †cÖ
cmvi
m wb‡`©k K‡i|
K wmwjÛvii؇qi MÖvm hZB
h LiP n‡Z Z _v‡K, †cÖmmvi †M‡Ri Wvvqv‡j
ZZBB Kg †cÖmvi wb‡`©k Ki‡ZZ _v‡K| wmwjjÛv‡ii †cÖmvii †M‡Ri †cÖmvi
mv IqvwK©s †cÖ
cÖmv‡ii Kg wb‡`©
wb k
Ki‡j
‡j wmwjÛv‡ii cybtM¨vm fwZ
wZ© Ki‡Z nq|
4. IqvwK©
I s †cÖmvi
mv †MR : wmwjÛv‡i
wm †MR
R †m‡Ui Ac ci †MRwU‡K IqvwK©s †cÖm
mvi
v †MR e‡j j| G
IqvwwK©s †cÖmvi †MMR, M¨vm cÖev‡ni
e cwigvY A¨vwmwUwjb I Aw·‡Rb M¨vm
M mieivnn Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Z G
†M‡R
Ri wiwWs †`‡‡L wbqš¿Y Kii‡Z nq| IqqvwK©s †cÖmvi wbqš¿‡Yi Rbb¨ †M‡Ri cv‡‡k A¨vWRvw÷÷s ¯Œz
A_eev †cÖmvi A¨vvWRvw÷s be _v‡K| cÿvvšÍ‡i IqvwK©s wgUvi †MR ûR cvB‡ci ms‡hv‡Mi w`‡KB w`
K| mvaviYZ avZzi Rb¨ hw`
_v‡K w` Aw·‡R‡bii Pvc 50 cvD
DÛ/eM© Bw nq,
n Zv n‡j Z Zvi `k fv‡Mii GK
fvM A_©vr A¨vwmwUwUwj‡bi Pvc n‡e,
n 5 cvDÛ//eM© BwÂ|
1944 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
5. M¨vm
M I‡qwìs UP©: M¨vm I‡qwìs U‡P©i Aci bvg
n‡”QQ M¨vm mswgk
gkªY Avavi| G U‡P©i m‡‡½ h_vµ‡g
Aw·
·‡Rb I A¨vwm wmwUwjb †MR n‡Z
n AvMZ `ywU w ûR cvBc
mshyy³ nq| `yBwU ûR cvBc †_‡K AvMZ Aw·‡Rb I
A¨vwm
wmwUwjb M¨vmØØq Zv‡`i mieivn
mi †gvZv‡v‡eK G U‡P©
G‡mm mswgwkªZ nqq|
M¨v‡mmi mieivn wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨R `ywU miievn jvB‡b
h_vµµ‡g Aw·‡Rbb I A¨vwmwUUwj‡bi `ywU K‡›Uª
K vwjs be
_v‡K
K| Aw·‡Rbb be‡K meyR I A¨vwmwU wUwjb be‡K
wPÎ : 2.22
h_vµµ‡g jvj is Øviv
Ø wPwýZ Kiv
K _v‡K|
6. UP© m I‡qwìs‡qi †m‡U wewfbœ
U -wUc : wQ`ª`ªvbymv‡i M¨vm
cwiggv‡ci GKvwaK K UP© wUc _v‡‡K| avZzi cyiæZ¡
i Abymv‡i
G UP©
UP wUcmg~n †__‡K wba©vwiZ wUc‡K wbe©vPbc~
P e©K G‡K
U‡P©i gv_vq mshy³ Ki‡Z nq| h_v_© wkLv ˆZwiKiY I
h_v__© wk‡U cwiwgZ
gZ M¨vm I‡qwì wìs I wUc wbee©vPb I wkLv
wbe©vP‡bi
vP Dci AwaKvs‡k
A wbf©ikxj|
i
7| ûR û ev ivevii cvBc : Aw·w·‡Rb I A¨vwmwmwUwjb M¨vm
mieeiv‡ni wbwg‡Ë Ë `ywU ûR cvBBc _v‡K|
A¨vwmwmwUwj‡b ûR cvBc‡K jvj j is I Aw·
w·‡R‡bi ûR
cvBc c‡K meyR is Øviv kbv³K³Ki‡Yi e¨e¯’ ¯’v ivLv nq| wPÎ : 2.3
3
D”P Pvc mn¨ Kivvi ÿgZv m¤úúbœ ûR cvBc e¨eüZ n‡q
_v‡KK| ûR cvBcØ c؇qi g‡a¨ A¨vwmwUwj‡bi
A j cvBcwU GK cÖv‡šÍ A¨¨vwmwUwjb wgUv
jvj Uvi †m‡Ui wba©a©vwiZ
¯’v‡bb K¬v¤ú Øviv hyh³ Ki‡Z nqq Ges Aci cÖv‡šÍ I‡qwììs U‡P©i A¨vwm
mwUwjb jvB‡bibi m‡½ hy³ Ki‡Z
K
nq| cÿvšÍ‡i GK KB cÖwµqvq mey
m R Aw·‡R‡b‡bi cvBc‡K wgUvi
w I U‡P©i m‡½ hy³ Kii‡Z nq|
8| ¯úvK© jvBUvvi : I‡qwìs UP© wU‡c A¨¨vwmwUwjb M¨vm
m AwMœ ms‡hvv‡Mi Rb¨ we‡‡kl ai‡bi ¯úvK©
¯
jvBUUvi e¨eüZ n‡q
n‡ _v‡K|
K. wbDUª
wb vj wkLvv : mvaviYZ I wkLvq A¨vwm wmwUwjb I
Aw·
·‡R‡bi cwigv gvY mgvb Aw· ·‡Rb ev mvgv
gvY¨ wKQzUv
†ewk
k _v‡K| wkLvi vi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b
v‡ GKwU D¾¡
¾¡j, wKQzUv
†ewk
k AšÍt‡KvY m„wó n‡q _v‡K| _ Gi ZvcgvÎvi
Z
cwiggvY cÖvq 5800 dv. n‡Z Z 6300 dv.c ch©šÍ n‡q
_v‡K
K| mvaviYZ cÖvq mKj avZz a I‡qwìs‡q‡qi †ÿ‡Î
wbDUªUªvj wkLvB meev©waK e¨en„Z n‡q Avm‡Q|
|
M. Aw·WvBwRs
A w
wkLv : mvaviiYZ G wkLvqq Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY me‡P
‡P‡q †ewk| G
Gi AšÍt‡KvY AwZ
D¾¡
¾jj I wbDUªvj wkLvi AšÍt‡Kv‡Yi
‡ A K n‡e| G‡Z A¨vwmwUUwjb cvj‡Kii b¨vq wØZxq †Kvb
cÖvq A‡a©
wkLvv ˆZwi nq bv|
M. Aw·WvBwRs
A k : mvaviiYZ G wkLvqq Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY me‡P
kvLv Gi AšÍt‡KvY AwZ
‡P‡q †ewk| G
D¾¡
¾jj I wbDUªvj wkLvi AšÍt‡K wUwjb cvj‡Kii b¨vq wØZxq †Kvb
KvY Gi cÖvq A‡a©K n‡e| G‡Z A¨vwmwU
wkLvv ˆZwi nq|
evgggyLx I‡qwìsK
KiY h_v_© nqq| KviY UP© U‡ci wkLv me©
m `vq
I‡qw
qwìs‡qi Dcii _v‡K weavqq I‡qwìsKv‡j j cvZjv wkUU wQ`ª
nIqqvi m¤¢vebv Kg _v‡K|
Wvbg
bgyLx I‡qwìss m¤úbœKiY : A‡cÿvK…Z I Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
K
cyiæ avZe e¯‘‡Z WvbgyLx I‡q ‡qwìs h‡_vchhy³| G‡Z wUc
wU I
wdjv
jvi iW‡K †em m †gUv‡ji m‡½½ AvbygvwbK 500 †KvY a‡‡i
Wvb nv‡Z I‡qìvviMY evg cvk k n‡Z I‡qwìwìs Ki‡Z Kii‡Z Wvb w`‡K
K AMÖmi n‡eeb| G‡Z I‡q
‡qwìs
wkLvv Lvwj †em †ggUv‡j c‡o GUUv ZvovZvwo MwjZ Ae¯’vq G‡b I‡qwìss K‡i|
Z‡ee G cÖwµqvq I‡qwìs evgg nv‡Z I‡qì ìvi‡`i †ÿ‡Î Î wVK wecixZ Z w`K n‡Z A Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z nq|
I‡qw
qwìsKv‡j UP©‡K
‡K mvgvb¨ Nywi‡q
wi Nywi‡q cwwiPvjbv Ki‡j
j wP‡Îi b¨vqq Aa©e„ËvKvi I‡qwìs‡qi GKwU
G
µgaavi jÿ¨ Kivv hv‡e| G RvvZxq I‡qwìs ïay k³, gReReyZB n‡e bv,, cÿvšÍ‡i I‡q
‡qwìs‡qi †mŠ››`h©I
e„w× Ki‡e|
cyiæ avZe e¯‘‡Z ‡ I‡qwìs : mvaviYZ Z Wvb nv‡Z Z
I‡qì
qìviMY †gvUv Uv ev cyiæ avZe
av L‡Ê I‡‡qwìs Ki‡Z Z
Aek k¨B WvbgyLx I‡qwìs wbe© wb vPb Ki‡eBB| †gUv‡jii
cyi懇Z¡i A‡a©K mvB‡RB
m wdjvii iW wbe©vPbb Ki‡e A_©vr
†gUvv‡ji cyiæZ¡ hw`
h 8 wg.wg. nq, †m †ÿ‡‡Î wdjvi iW W
n‡e AvbygvwbK 4 wg.wg. e¨v‡‡mi| †em †gUv‡ji † m‡½
½
wdjv
jvi iW I UP©© wU‡ci AvbygvwbK
g †KŠwYKK Ae¯’vb n‡ee
wP‡ÎÎi b¨vq 600 0 hv †gUvj‡K K ZvovZvwo Mj‡Z
M mvnvh¨¨
†gvUUv avZz ev cyiæ avZzi I‡qwì
ìs m¤úbœ Ki‡Z Z nq| wPÎ : 2..7
I‡qw
qwìs m¤úbœKiY i I M¨vm mieivnm eÜK KiY : M¨vm I‡qwìsKiY
I m
m¤úbœ mZK©Zvi m‡½ M¨vm
n‡j mZ
mieeivn eÜ Ki‡‡Z nq| cÖ_gZ g A¨vwmwUwj
wj‡bi K‡›Uªvj be Nywi‡q A¨vwmwUwjb
A m
mieivn eÜ Ki‡j
K
AwMœMwkLv
w wb‡f hvv‡e| ci gyn‡Z©
‡~ Aw·‡R‡bi bi K‡›Uªvj bee Nywi‡q Aw·‡·‡Rb mieivnn eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| n
c‡i GK GK K‡i ‡i A¨vwmwUwjbb I Aw·‡Rbb wmwjÛv‡ii fvj& f fØq‡K ZxiZx wP‡ýi wec cixZ w`‡K Nywi‡q
eÜ Ki‡Z
K n‡e| cybivq M¨vm K‡›Uªvj beØqq cybivq eÜ K‡i wgUvi wiwWs‡qi
wi cÖwZ jÿ¨ Ki‡e| hw`
GgZ Zve¯’vq †Kv‡bbv wgUvi wiwWss bv †`Lvq, Zv
Z n‡j wbwðZ Z n‡Z cvi‡e †Kv‡bv
† M¨vm AAvi wjK n‡”QQ bv|
Zvic ci ch©vqµ‡gg cÖ‡Z¨KwU miÄvg‡K
m wba©a©vwiZ ¯^ ¯^ ¯’v‡b †i‡L I‡‡qwìs Kvh© m
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
n
Kvh©v© ‡šÍ I‡qwìs‡qqi ¯’vb cwi®‹vvi Ki‡Z n‡ee|
198 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
2.6 UP© I wU‡ci e¨envi wewa (Uses Technic of Tips and Torches) :
UP© I wU‡ci e¨envi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi e¨envi wewamg~n Aek¨B cvjbxq :
1| U‡P©i Rb¨ †em †gUvj †gvZv‡eK A_ev cÖ`Ë QK-2 Gi avZzi cyiæZ¡ Abymv‡i wUc wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
2| wU‡ci wQ`ª wUc wK¬bvi Øviv cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
3| U‡P©i m‡½ wUc‡K nv‡Zi UvB‡U mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
4| KvwUs U‡P© Aek¨B avZzi ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| wU‡c hw` cwieZ©bkxj b‡Rj mshy³Ki‡Yi e¨e¯’v _v‡K, Zv n‡j h_v_© b‡Rj mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
6| ÔGÕ ev jvj is Øviv A¨vwmwUwjb be kbv³ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †Lvjv ev eÜ Kivi AveZ©‡bi w`‡K
†R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
7| U‡P©i Aci cÖv‡šÍ Aw·‡Rb I A¨vwmwUwjb †nv‡Ri wjKgy³ ms‡hvM m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
8| I‡qwìsKv‡j U‡P©i wba©vwiZ †KŠwYK Ae¯’vb I MwZ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
M¨vm
m I‡qwìs 199
9| mey
m R is Øviv Aw·‡Rb
A be kbv³
k Ki‡Z n‡j
n †Lvjv ev eÜ e Kivi AveZ
eZ©‡bi w`K Rvb
vb‡Z n‡e|
10| wbw`©ó jvBUvvi Øviv GKgvÎ
vÎ A¨vwUwmwjbb AwMœ ms‡hvMM Ki‡Z n‡e|
|
11| Aek¨B g‡bb ivL‡Z n‡e, Av‡M Qvo‡Z n‡e A¨vwmwUwj wjb Ges eÜI
I Ki‡Z n‡e AA¨vwmwUwjb|
wPÎ : 2.8
cÖkœgvjv-2
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| M¨vm I‡qwìs G Kx Kx M¨vm e¨eüZ nq?
2| wUM I wgM I‡qwìs Kiv Kv‡j †Kvb M¨vm e¨eüZ nq?
3| g¨vc M¨vm †Kvb †Kvb M¨v‡mi mswgkª‡Y Drcbœ nq?
4| Aw·‡RKb wmwjÛvi I A¨vwmwUwjb wmwjÛvi Kxiƒ‡c †Pbv hvq?
5| wmwjÛv‡i KLb M¨vm cybtfwZ© Ki‡Z n‡e eyS‡Z cviv hvq?
6| mvaviY avZzi I‡qwìs-G Aw·‡Rb I A¨vwmwUwjb M¨v‡mi Pv‡ci AbycvZ KZ?
7| Aw·‡Rb I A¨vwmwUwjb ûR cvB‡ci is Kxiƒc nq?
8| M¨vm I‡qwìs-G Kx Kx wkLv e¨eüZ nq?
9| M¨vm I‡qwìs-G M¨vm e¨ZxZ Avi Kx Kx KuvPvgvj e¨eüZ nq?
10| M¨vm I‡qwìs-G Av‡M †Kvb M¨vm Qvo‡Z n‡e?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| M¨vm I‡qwìs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2| Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi ˆewkó¨ †jL
3| Aw· A¨vwmwjb miÄvgvw`i bvg †jL|
4| Aw·WvBwRs wkLvi MVb I KvR †jL|
5| wdjvi iW ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
6| d¬v· wn‡m‡e Kx Kx `ªe¨ e¨eüZ nq?
7| UP© I wU‡ci wZbwU e¨envi †jL|
8| I‡qwìs Kvh© Kx Dcv‡q mgvß ev eÜ Ki‡Z nq|
9| evggyLx I‡qwìs I WvbgyLx I‡qwìs-Gi g‡a¨ cÖ‡f` †`LvI|
10| Kx Dcv‡q wdjvi iW wbe©vPb Kiv nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| M¨vm I‡qwìs-G cÖavbZ Kx Kx M¨vm e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K? G‡`i g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU M¨v‡mi
eY©bv `vI|
2| GKwU IqvwK©s †cÖmvi †M‡Ri wPÎmn mswÿß weeiY `vI|
3| M¨vm I‡qwìs-G Kx Kx wkLv e¨eüZ nq? Kvey©ivBwRs wkLvi MVb I KvR D‡jøL Ki|
4| M¨vm I‡qwìs c×wZi mswÿß weeiY `vI|
5| wdjvi iW I d¬v·-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
6| UP© I wU‡ci e¨envi wewa D‡jøL Ki|
Z…
ZZxq Aa¨v
¨vq
†eªwRs
Brazingg
QK -3
†eªwRss iW/wdjvi iW
i AvbygvwbK
K Mjbv‡¼i ZZvcgvÎv
0 0
1 A¨vjy‡gvwbbqvg
1| 555 †m.-970 †m.
2 wmjfvi A¨vjq
2| A 6200 †m. -8
8300 †m.
3 Kcvi A¨vj
3| vjq 8700 †m.-122000 †m.
4 Kcvi
4| 10000 †m. -1083
- 0
†m.
3.3
3 †eªwRs c×wZ
wZ (Brazingg Process)
†eªwRs
wR ev †eªR I‡‡qwìs c×wZ wb‡P
w eY©bv Kii n‡jv :
1. †eª
† wRs‡qi †em
m †gUvj n‡Z
Z †eªwRs iW ¯^í ZvcgvÎvqq
M‡j
j weavq †Rvo¯
o¯’v‡bi Zvc cÖ‡qvM bv K‡ii c‡ivÿfv‡ee
Zvc
c cÖ‡qvM Ki‡‡j †Rvo¯’vb †eªwRs iW Mjv‡bvi
M b¨vqq
Zv‡c
c DËß nq|
2. †Kvb
† Ifvi j¨vwcs
j cvBc †Rvov
† w`‡Z n‡j,
n wVK Zvii
D‡ë
ëv w`‡K Zvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Rvo¯’v‡b mss¯ú‡k© †eªwRss
iW ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv wba©vwiZ ZvcgvÎvq †c& † ŠQv‡j M‡jj wPÎ : 3..3
†KŠwwkK cÖwZwµqvvq †Rvov¯’v‡bbi duv‡K cÖ‡ek
k K‡i †eªwRss
m¤úúbœ K‡i|
3. wP‡Î
w †eªwRs‡qqi wbwg‡Ë Zvc
c mÂvjb cÖwµqv
w †`Lv‡bvv
n‡jv
jv|
4. DËg
D †eªwRs‡qqi wbwg‡Ë h__v_© †Rvov wbe©e©vPb I cÖ¯Z
‘
Ki‡‡Z n‡e|
5. †Rvo¯’vb‡K DËgiƒ‡c cwi®‹ c vi Ki‡Z
Z n‡e Gess
o¯’vb n‡Z m¤úbœ gqjvv, wMÖR, †Zj
†Rvo Zj I gwiPvv wPÎ : 3..4
m¤c
c~Y©iƒ‡c cwi®‹vvi Ki‡Z n‡ee|
†eªwRs
R 205
6. DËg
D †Rvov †``Iqvi wbwg‡Ë
Ë Zij ev †c
c÷ RvZxq d¬v‡·i
v cÖ‡jc w`‡q
w Aw·WvBB‡Rkb cÖwZ‡iiv‡ai
e¨e¯’
¯’v ivL‡Z n‡ee|
7. †eªwRs hw` Aw·
w· A¨vwmwUwjbb Øviv Kiv nqq, †m †ÿ‡Î Kvey
K ©ivBwRs wkLLv Øviv †eªwRss Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. †eø
†ev-j¨v¤ú Øviv
iv I I‡qwìs UP©
U Øviv †Rvo ¯’v‡bi evB‡ii
ii w`‡K †_‡K
K Zvc cÖ‡qvM K
Kiv n‡j
†Rvo
o¯’v‡bi duvKv e„w× cvq Gees †m †ÿ‡Î ch©
c vß wdjvi †ggUvj cÖ‡ek K‡i
K †Rvov‡K k k³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cv
9. †eviv·
† ev cvD
vDWvi RvZxq d¬v· e¨envii Kivi †ÿ‡Î
Î
†eªwRs
wR iW‡K wKQzwK Uv DËß K K‡i cvDWv‡‡ii ms¯ú‡k© k©
Avb‡
b‡jb Zv, †eªeªwRs i‡Wi m‡½ †j‡M wM‡q Gw›UªU
A·v
·vB‡Wi KvR K‡i|
K
10. duvKvi cwwigvY Kwg‡qq †Rvov †``Iqvi KvR R
m¤úúbœKi‡Yi wbwg
wg‡Ë wP‡Îi b¨v¨vq wfZi n‡Z
Z Zvc cÖ‡qvMM
Ki‡‡Z nq|
11. evU& - R‡q‡‡›Ui †ÿ‡Î `ywU IqvwK©s wcm
wc cvkvcvwk
k
A_PP mvgvb¨ duv‡K
K †i‡L emv‡Z
Z n‡e|
12. wdjvi †gUvj j m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Mwj‡q †Rvo
ov¯’v‡b cÖ‡qvMM
Ki‡‡Z n‡e Gess wbwðZ n‡Z Z n‡e †Rvo ¯’v‡b wdjvii
†gUvvj cÖ‡ek K‡ii‡Q|
13. `ywU IqvK©wc‡P
w Nywi‡q Nywi‡q mgvbb Zv‡j Zvc
c wPÎ : 3..5
cÖ‡qvM
qv Ki‡Z n‡ee|
14. †em †gUvj Mjbv¼‡K
M c~e© gyn‡~ Z© A_©vr jvj DËß Aee¯’vq Avm‡j d¬v·mn †eªwR
Rs iW Mwj‡q w`‡Z
n‡e| wbwðZ n‡Z
Z n‡e duvKv ¯’v‡b wdjvi †ggUvj ch©vß cwwigv‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q|
15. †eªwRs Kvh© m¤úbœ
m nIqvi ci
c VvÊv nIqvvi ch©vß mgqq w`‡q †eªwRs m¤úbœ
m Ki‡Z n‡e|
†Rv
Rvo¯’vb gvÎ Dß K‡i †m mvìvi b¨vq avZzi †Rvoo¯’vb‡K DËßß jvj I Aa©MMwjZ Ae¯’vb G‡b
cÖ‡j‡ci
j mvnv‡h
‡h¨ †Rvov †`Iqvi cÖwµqv‡K
wµ A‡jŠ
jŠnRvZ †eªwRsR iW Mwj‡qq †Rvov †`Iqvi
†mvvìvwis e‡j| c×wZwZ‡Z †eªwRs e‡j|
e
16600 †m. n‡Z 2500 †m. ZvcgvÎvq
Z †mv
mvìvwis 550 0
0 †m. n‡Z 1231 0 †m. Zvc cgvÎvq †eªwRss Kiv
Kiiv nq| nq|
mvaaviYZ ZvZvj j Mig K‡ii ev ˆe`y¨wZK Kfv‡e †ev j¨vc
j ev Aw· A¨vwmwUwj‡bii Kvey©ivBwRs wkLv
DËËß K‡i †mvì ìvwis Avqib w`‡q ev †eøv j¨v¤ú †Rvo K †eªwRs ev †eªR I‡qwìss Kiv
o¯’vb DËß K‡i
w`‡‡q †Rvo¯’v‡b DËß
D K‡i †mv mvìvwis Kiv nq|
n nq|
wUbb I wkLvi mswgkª
m ‡Y ˆZwwi †mvìvwis Iq¨vi A‡jŠ
jŠnRvZ msKi RvZxq avZz ØØviv ˆZwiK…Z †eª
† wRs
bv‡‡g cwiwPwZ wd K e¨eüZ nq|
djvi avZz G Kv‡R iW bv‡g
b wdjvi †ggUvj I Kv‡R ee¨eüZ nq|
d¬v· A‡bK †ÿ‡Î † †mvìvvwis Iqv‡ii m‡½ d¬v· †eªwRs i‡Wii m‡½ mswgwkª
wkªZ _v‡K bv weavq
w
mswwgwkªZ _v‡KK weavq c„_Kfv‡e
_ e¨eenv‡ii c„_Kfv‡e
K d¬v· e¨env‡ii
e cÖ‡qvvRb c‡o|
cÖ‡qvRb
q c‡o bvv|
wUbb RvZxq cvZ Zjv wkU miææ Zv‡ii ms‡hhvM I AvB.cvBc, Kcvi,
wR.A K eªvm A¨¨vjywgwbqvg RvZxq
R
wewf
wfbœ ai‡bi cvZ‡K
c †Rvov †`Iqvi Rbb¨ GwU wk&Q`ª †Rvov †`Iqvi Rb¨ GUv
avZee c`v‡_© wbwk
e¨eeüZ nq| Dchyhy³|
GwU
wU Kg gReyZ †Rvovi †ÿ‡ÎÎ e¨eüZ nq weavq G‡KK A‡cÿvK…Z k³ gReyZ wQ`ªgy³ †Rvov †
G‡K
‡K mdU †mvì ìvwis e‡j| Bnv
B Uvb ev Pvc c mn¨ †`Iqqvi †ÿ‡Î e¨¨eüZ nq weaavq G‡K †eªwRs wR ev
Kii‡Z cv‡i bv| nvW© †mvìvwis e‡j
j|
wUbb RvZxq wkUU †gUvj Kv‡‡R I †iwWI I wUwf mvB‡‡jÝvi cvBc †eªwRs, wd«‡R Ri Kcvi cvB‡c
c
†giivgZ Kv‡R Ges ˆe`y¨wZK K ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î wbwk&
k&Q`ª †Rvov †`Iqv
†` I hvwš
wš¿K wewfbœ cÖKvi
Gii e¨envi me©vwaK
w †Rvoov †`Iqvi †ÿÿ‡Î Gi e¨envnvi me©vwaK|
5| †eªwRs Avi¤¢Ki‡Yi c~‡e©B †eªwRs iW‡K mvgvb¨ DËß K‡i, cvDWvi d¨v‡·i ms¯ú‡k© G‡b, Zvi
cÖ‡jc †eªwRs i‡W jvwM‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Zij RvZxq d¬v· eªvk Øviv †Rvov¯’v‡b jvwM‡q Zvici †eªwRs
Ki‡Z n‡e|
6| †em †gUvj Abymv‡i h‡_vchy³ d¬v· wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Aw· A¨vwmwUwj‡b Kvey©ivBwRs wkLv
Øviv †eªwRs‡qi †ÿ‡Î †eviv‡·i cvDWvi d¬v· e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|
7| cÖZ¨ÿ †Rvo¯’v‡b mivmwi Zvc cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i c‡ivÿfv‡e Zvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i DËß Ki‡Z n‡e|
8| †h‡nZz †eªwRs iW ¯^í ZvcgvÎvq M‡j, †m Kvi‡Y †em †gUvj jvj DËß Ae¯’vq Avmvi Av‡M
wkLvi ms¯ú‡k© Avmv DwPZ bq|
9| †KŠwkK cÖwµqvq †Rvo¯’v‡b ch©vß †eªwRs †gUvj cÖ‡ekKi‡Yi Rb¨ cwigvYg‡Zv duvKv ivL‡Z
n‡e|
10| †Rvov¯’v‡b ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g mgq w`‡q VvÊv n‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
208 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-3
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. †eªwRs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. †eªwRs-G Zvc cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Ki|
3. †eªwRs ev †eªR I‡qwìs miÄvgvw`i 5wUi bvg †jL|
4. †eªwRs-G e¨eüZ PviwU wdjvi †gUv‡ji bvg †jL|
5. Ifvi j¨vwcs cvBc †Rvovi †ÿ‡Î Zvc cª`vb c×wZ †jL|
6. †eviv· ev cvDWvi RvZxq d¬v· e¨env‡ii Dcvq wee„Z Ki|
7. †eªwRs I †mvìvwis-Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki|
8. †eªwRs c×wZ Kxiƒc avZz ev †Rvovi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq?
9. avZz †f‡` wZb ai‡bi †eªwRs i‡Wi Mjbv¼ D‡jøL Ki|
10. †eªwRs K‡g© cvjbxq wZbwU mZ©KZv D‡jøL Ki|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. †eªwRs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? †eªwRs Kvh© Kxfv‡e Kiv nq?
2. †eªwRs ev †eªR I‡qwìs-Gi miÄvgvw`i bvg D‡jøL Ki|
3. †eªwRs ev †eªR I‡qwìs c×wZi mswÿß weeiY `vI|
4. †eªwRs I †mvìvwis-Gi g‡a¨ cÖ‡f` †`LvI|
5. †eªwRs K‡g© cvjbxq mZK©Zv¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki|
P _© Aa¨vvq
PZz
d«›U GÛ evv w÷qvwi
wis wRI‡‡gwUª
Froont end//Steeringg Geomeetry
4. d«›U GÛ ev w÷qvwis
w÷ wRI‡‡gwUª (Frontt end/Steerring Geom metry)
Mvwo
oi w`K wbqš¿‡Y
‡ w÷qvwis wm‡÷g
wm e¨eüZ
Z nq| Gw`K wbqš¿Y mwVK K I Kvh©KixKKi‡Yi Rb¨ Mvwoi,
Mv
m¤§yL PvKv؇qi †d«g I A¨vUUvm‡g‡›Ui hš¿ š¿vs‡ki m‡½ KZK¸‡jv †Kv‡Y
† msiÿYY K‡i _v‡K K| G
†KvYY¸‡jv‡K GK‡K‡Î d›U GÛ wRI‡gwUª evv w÷qvwis wR RI‡gwUª ev d«›U
› ûBj A¨vj jvBb‡g›U e‡jj| G
†KvYY¸‡jvi mwVKKZv, †evSv evv hvÎx wb‡q, †mvRv c‡_ Pj‡Z
P Mvwoi PvKv¸‡jv‡K †mvRvfv‡e Pj‡Z
P
mvnvvh¨ K‡i Ges PvKv‡K mgnvv‡i ÿq K‡i| GwU Qvov w÷÷qvwis wRI‡ggwUª Mvwo‡Z mwwVK †Kv‡Y AvveZ©b
ev w`K
w` cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
K mvnvh¨ K‡i| d«›U GÛ
G wRI‡gwUª ev
e w÷qvwis wR
RI‡gwUªi †KvYY¸‡jv n‡jv :
K. †Uv-Bb/AvDU,
† ,
L. K¨v÷vi
K A¨v‡½
½j
M. K¨v¤^
K vi A¨v‡½j j
N. wKs
wK wcb BbwK¬
K‡bkb
‡ (†K wc AvB )
O. †UUv-AvDU Ab Uvb©|
†Uv-A
-AvDU Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
‡ (Necessity of Toe out)
Mvwo
oi m¤§y‡L PvKKv؇qi AMÖfv‡‡Mi `~iZ¡ Zv‡‡`i cðvr fv‡v‡Mi Zzjbvq †h
† cwigvY †eewk ev `~ieZ©x n‡q
_v‡KK, G cv_©‡K¨ii cwigvY‡K Mvwoi †Uv Bbb AvDU e‡j| wP‡Î m¤§yL PvKv؇qi 2bbs jvB‡bi †KŠ KŠwYK
`~iZ¡ n‡Z 1bs jvB‡bi
j †KŠwYYK `~iZ¡ hZUzUzKz †ewk Zv n‡jv
n †Uv-AvD DU| mvaviYZZ †h Mvwoi BwÄbB
wcQ‡‡b _v‡K, †m Mvwo †evSv evv hvÎx‡`i †V‡‡j wb‡q hvq| G †VjvRwbZ Z Kvi‡Y Mvwo
oi m¤§y‡Li PvK
vKvØq
G †ÿ ÿ‡Î PjšÍ Ae¯’
Ae vq wfZ‡iii w`‡K Avmvii GKwU cÖeYZv Y e„w× cvq| G Kvi‡Y, m m¤§y‡Li PvKvØØq‡K
cÖv_wwgK Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv †Uv-A
AvDU Ae¯’vq Ae¯’vb K‡i,, †m fv‡e evaav nq| myZiivs Mvwo †Uv-A AvDU
ivLvi
vi gyL¨ cÖ‡qvR
Rb n‡jv PjšÍšÍ Ae¯’vq Mvwo
woi PvKvØq †mvRv
† I mgvšÍ
šÍivj Ae¯’v‡bb P‡j Mvwoii w`K
wbqš¿
š¿‡Y mvnvh¨ Kivb,
K Uvqv‡iii ÿq Kgv‡bvv I mgnv‡i †hb† ÿq nq Zv Z iÿv Kiv| †Uv-Bb Gi b¨vq
†Uv-AAvDUI gvÎ K‡qK
K wgwjwgUUv‡ii n‡q _v‡‡K|
L. GwU
G †mvRv iv¯Í ¯Ívq ev AveZ©‡bi
‡ ci ciB cybt†mvRv Ae¯’ A vq Avmvi ci Mvwo‡K A A_©vr Mvwoi m¤§y
m ‡L
PvKvvØq‡K m¤§yL w`‡K
w` †mvRvfv‡v‡e Pjvi †ÿ‡ÎÎ m¤ú~Y© wbqš¿ š¿Y K‡i _v‡K
K|
M. GwU
G iv¯Ívi µvD vDbve¯’vq (gvS
SLvb DuPz I `y`Bw`‡K Xvjy) Mvwoi Pjvi fvimvg¨Zv
f iÿ
ÿv K‡i|
N. K¨v÷v‡ii
K mwV
wVKZv iv¯Ívi m‡½
m PvKvi mss¯úk©Zvi mwVK VKZvI msiÿYY K‡i Ges A AveZ©‡bi ci ciB
Mvwo
oi w`‡K wbqš¿
š¿‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡i|
4| ΓwUc~
Î Y© K¨v÷ ÷vi A¨v‡½‡j ji ÿwZKi cÖwZwµqv :
K) Amg
A K¨v÷vii Mvwo‡K m¤§y§y‡L ÿy`ªZg cwRwUf
c ÷vi A¨v‡½‡jii w`‡K Uvb‡e A_©vr †mvRv c‡_
K¨v÷
Pjvii w`K wbqš¿‡Y evav n‡q `uvov‡e|
v
L) ÿz
ÿ`ªZg K¨v÷vvi Mvwo‡K wec c‡ÿ Uvbvi GK KwU KviY n‡q
‡q _v‡K|
M) Avevi
A †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡ÎÎ A¨v‡mw›UªK K¨vg‡evë
K AveeZ©bg~jK Gi mgš^q m¤¢e|
N) †Kv‡bv
† †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î wmg †hhvM-we‡qvMc~e©e©K GwU mgš^q m¤¢e|
wKs wcb
w BbwK¬‡bk k (†KwcAvB) Gi G ¸iæZ¡: (Neecessity of KPIK )
d«›U GÛ wRI‡gwUª wUªi †KvY؇qii g‡a¨ wKs wcb
wc BbwK¬‡bkbb GKwU
¸iæZ Z¡c~Y© †KvY| A¨vWRv÷ Kiv K hvq bv hw` h G A¨v‡½‡‡j ΓwU
cvIqqv hvq, Zv n‡j n Aek¨B Gi w¯úÛj ev e w¯úÛj Avg©Av euvKv
nIqqvi Rb¨B n‡Z Z cv‡i| GggZve¯’vq ΓwU wUc~Y© hš¿vsk cwieZ©
c b wPÎ 4..4 : †Kwc AvB
BbK¬z‡WW A¨v‡½j : wKs wcb ev ej R‡q‡›Ui Aÿ jvB‡bi mv‡_ PvKvi †m›Uvi jvB‡bi m‡½ †h †KvY
Drcbœ nq Zv‡K BbK¬z‡WW A¨v‡½j e‡j| †KwcAvB I K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½‡ji mgš^‡q BbK¬z‡WW A¨v‡½j
m„wó nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv nq †h, hw` †KwcAvB 60 I cwRwUf †K¤^vi 1/20 nq ZLb BbK¬z‡WW
A¨v‡½j 6.5 n‡e, cÿvšÍ‡i G †ÿ‡Î †b‡MwUf .50 †K¤^vi .50 n‡j BbK¬z‡WW A¨v‡½j 5
M) ÿz`ªZg K¨v÷vi D”PZi MwZ‡Z Mvwoi w`K wbqš¿Y nviv‡Z cv‡i|
N) gvÎvwZwi³ K¨v÷vi nvW© w÷qvwis n‡Z cv‡i|
O) gvÎvwZwi³ K¨v÷vi iv¯Ívq av°v I SuvKzwb e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|
K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½j mgš^q :
K) cÖ¯‘ZKviKM‡Yi wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK mgš^q Ki‡Z nq|
L) †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Mvwo‡Z mgš^q m¤¢e bq, †m †ÿ‡Î BDwbU cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq|
K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½‡ji ¸iæZ¡ (Importance of Camber Angle) :
K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j : K¨v¤^vi n‡jv PvKvi Dc‡ii w`K f~wgi Dj−¤^ jvBb †_‡K wfZ‡ii w`‡K A_ev evB‡ii
w`‡K n‡q _vKv Ae¯’v| myZivs PvKvi †m›Uvi jvBb f~wgi Dj−¤^ jvB‡bi m‡½ †h †KvY m„wó K‡i, Zv‡K
K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j e‡j| wP‡Îi b¨vq PvKvi Dc‡ii Ask hLb evB‡ii w`‡K KvZ n‡q _v‡K, Zv‡K cwRwUf
K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j e‡j| cÿvšÍ‡i PvKvi Dc‡ii Ask hLb wfZ‡ii w`‡K KvZ n‡q _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K
†b‡MwUf K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j e‡j| G¸‡jvi cwigvY‡K wWwMÖ‡Z gvcv n‡q _v‡K| †h †Kv‡bv Mvwoi m¤§yL
PvKv؇q nq cwRwUf, bqZ †b‡MwUf †h †Kv‡bv GKwU K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½‡ji msiÿY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
1. K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j msiÿ‡Y ¸iæZ¡ :
hLb Mvwo iv¯Ívq P‡j ZLb GwU wKQz †jvW ev hvÎx enb K‡i| G †jvW PvKvi Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i|
G Pv‡ci d‡j PjšÍ Ae¯’vq m¤§y‡Li PvKvØq K¨v¤^v‡ii KvZ Ae¯’v n‡Z f~wgi Dj−¤^ Ae¯’vq cÖZ¨veZ©b
c~e©K †mvRv n‡q AvewZ©Z nq| myZivs Mvwo‡Z mwVK K¨v¤^vi msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡P cÖ`Ë n‡jv :
K) GwU PvKvi Bbvi weqvwis I w¯úÛ‡ji fvi enb Kiv m‡Ë¡I w÷qvwis‡K mnR iv‡L I AveZ©b
mnRZi K‡i|
L) GwU Uvqv‡ii †h ¯’vb‡K iv¯Ívi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡b, cÖvq me©vwaK †jvW ev IRb c‡o|
M) K¨v¤^vi PvKvi A¨v‡½‡ji mwVKZv Uvqvi ÿ‡qi mgZv iÿv K‡i A_v©r Uvqvi‡K mgnv‡i ÿq K‡i|
N) m‡ev©cwi K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½‡ji mwVKZv Mvwoi w`K wbqš¿‡Y mnvqK f~wgKv iv‡L|
2. ΓwUc~Y© K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½‡ji ÿwZKi cÖwZwµqv :
K) ûBj weqvwis gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq nq I wba©vwiZ mg‡qi c~‡e©B cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq|
L) ej R‡q›U ev wKs wcb gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq nq|
M) UvqviI gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq nq|
N) Amg K¨v¤^v‡ii Rb¨ Mvwo‡K GK cv‡k Uvbvi cÖeYZv e„w× cvq|
O) †b‡MwUf K¨v¤^v‡ii ΓwUi Rb¨ Uvqv‡ii †fZ‡ii †UªW evB‡ii †UªW n‡Z †ewk ÿq nq|
3. K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½‡ji mgš^q :
K) †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Mvwo‡Z K¨v÷vi I K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j mgš^q m¤¢e bq Ges †m †ÿ‡Î cy‡iv BDwbU
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq|
L) cÖ¯‘ZKviKM‡Yi wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z nq|
d«›U GÛ ev w÷qvwis wRI‡gwUª 213
cÖkœgvjv-4
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. w÷qvwis wm‡÷g †Kb e¨eüZ nq?
2. d«›U GÛ wRI‡gwUªi wZbwU †Kv‡Yi bvg †jL|
3. †Uv-Bb Kv‡K e‡j?
4. †Uv-AvDU Kv‡K e‡j
5. †U‡b wb‡q Pjvi †ÿ‡Î Mvwoi m¤§y‡Li PvKvØq me©`v †Kvb w`‡K †h‡Z Pvq?
6. †V‡j wb‡q Pjvi †ÿ‡Î Mvwoi m¤§y‡Li PvKvØq me©`v †Kvb w`‡K †h‡Z Pvq?
7. K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½j Kx Kx ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i?
8. BbK¬z‡WW A¨v‡½j Kv‡K e‡j?
9. cwRwUf K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j Gi †ÿ‡Î PvKv Kxiƒc Ae¯’vq _v‡K?
10. †b‡MwUf K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½‡ji ΓwUi Rb¨ Uvqv‡ii Kxiƒc Ae¯’v nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. d«›U GÛ wRI‡gwUª ev w÷qvwis wRI‡gwUª ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. w÷qvwis wRI‡gwUªi †KvY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
3. †Uv-Bb Gi cÖ‡qvRb †Kb nq?
4. †Uv AvD‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb †Kb nq?
5. K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½j ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
6. K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
7. K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½j msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøL Ki|
8. wKs wcb BbwK¬‡bkb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
9. K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½j Kxiƒ‡c mgš^q Kiv nq?
10. ΓwUc~Y© K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½‡ji ÿwZKi cÖwZwµqv Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. d«›U GÛ wRI‡gwUª Kx? Giƒc wRI‡gwUª Mvwo‡K Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i?
2. †Uv-Bb I †Uv-AvD‡Ui cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
3. K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½‡ji ÿwZKi cÖwZwµqv¸‡jv Kx Kx?
4. cwRwUf I †b‡MwUf K¨v÷vi A¨v‡½‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI|
5. wKswcb BbwK¬‡bk‡b ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
6. K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ †`LvI|
7. K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K¨v¤^vi A¨v‡½j Kxfv‡e _v‡K?
c Aa¨vvq
cÂg
¯
¯úvK© cøvM
v
Sppark Plu
ug
5.1 ¯úvK© cøv‡Mii cÖ‡qvRbxqZZv (Necessiity of Sparrk Plug)
BMwb
wbkb wm‡÷‡gii GKwU AZ¨¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡cY~ © I gyL¨ hš¿vsk
k ¯úvK© cøvM|
| cÖ‡Z¨K wmwj
jÛv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU
G
K‡ii ¯úvK© cøvM e¨eüZ
e n‡q _v‡K|
_ ¯úvK©© cøvM GKwU Gm.AvB. BwÄ wÄb A_©vr †c‡‡Uªvj Bwćb wb‡Pi
wb
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv¸‡jv
qv v m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K|
_
1. GwU D”P Pvc c I Zv‡c K¤^
K ‡cÖkb †P¤^¤^v‡i h_vmg‡qq h_v_©
wmwjÛv‡i, ¯úúvK© mieivn K‡i _v‡K|
2. GwU cÖwZ †m‡‡K‡Û 10,0000 n‡Z 14,000 †fv‡ë Ges
G cÖwZ
wmwjÛv‡i 30 n‡Z 40 evi ˆe`y
ˆ ¨wZK ¯úvK©
K© mieivn K‡ii _v‡K|
3. D”P Pv‡c I Zv‡c G‡‡UvgvBR I †fcvivBR Ae¯’vq
K‡¤úªmW Kiv
iv Gqvi dz‡q‡j
ji mswgkÖ‡Yii g‡a¨ ¯úvK© msNwUZ
m
K‡i we‡ùviYY NUvq Ges wc÷b‡K wb‡‡Pi w`‡K av° °v w`‡q
Bwćb kw³ Drcv`b
D K‡i| wPÎ
PÎ 5.1 : ¯úvK© I cøvM I Zvi Ae¯’
¯’vb
3. wi UvBc B‡jK
jK‡UªvW RvZxqq ¯úvK© cøvM|
|
GQvov ˆe`y¨wZK
wZ ÿgZv Abbymv‡i ¯úvK© cø
cvM‡K wb‡Pi PviwU †kªwY‡Z
Z fvM Kiv n‡‡q‡Q| h_v :
1. 7 n‡Z 10 wK.
wK †fvë cøvM
2. 14 wK †fvë cøvM
3. 20 wK. †fvë
ë cøvM
4. 30 wK. †fvë
ë cøvM|
7 n‡Z 10 wK. †fvë cøvM : mvaviYZ G ÿgZv m¤úbœ ¯úvK© cøvM 6 †fv‡ëi Bwćb bZzev Uz †÷ªvK
Bwćb e¨envi Kiv nq| mvaviYZ BM‡bkb K‡q‡ji Drcv`b ÿgZvi Dci GwU wbf©ikxj|
14 wK. †fvë cøvM : mvaviYZ †h mKj Bwćb ÷¨vÛvW© BMwbkb K‡qj e¨eüZ nq, †h mKj Bwćb
14 wK. †fv‡ëi ¯úvK© cøvM e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| KviY, ÷¨vÛvW© BMwbkb K‡q‡ji Drcv`b ÿgZv
14,000 †fvë ev 14 wK. †fvë| myZivs †m cwigv‡ci ¯úvK© cøvM e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| mvaviYZ Pvi
wmwjÛvi †c‡Uªvj Bwćb 14 wK. †fvë ÿgZv m¤úbœ ¯úvK© cøvM e¨eüZ nq|
20 wK. †fv‡ëi ¯úvK© cøvM : mvaviYZ †h mKj Bwćb mycvi BMwbkb K‡qj e¨eüZ nq, †m mKj
Bwćb 20 wK‡jv †fv‡ëi ¯úvK© cøvM e¨envi Kiv nq| mycvi BMwbkb K‡q‡ji Drcv`b ÿgZv
mev©waK 20,000 †fvë A_©vr 20 wK‡jv †fvë| myZivs †m wn‡m‡e ¯úvK© cøvM wbev©Pb Ki‡Z nq|
mvaviYZ Pvi wmwjÛvi hy³ †c‡Uªvj Bwćb 20 wK‡jv †fv‡ëi ¯úvK© cøM e¨envi Kiv nq|
30 wK. †fv‡ëi ¯úvK© cøvM : mvaviYZ †h mKj †c‡Uªvj Bwćb mycvi nvB †Ubkb BMwbkb K‡qj
e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡Z 30 wK‡jv †fv‡ëi ¯úvK© cøvM e¨eüZ nq| G RvZxq BMwbkb K‡q‡ji Drcv`b
ÿgZv cÖvq 30,000 †fvë ev 30 wK. †fvë| myZivs †m wn‡m‡e ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi ÿgZv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
nq| mvaviYZ 8 wmwjÛvi wewkó †c‡Uªvj Bwćb GwU e¨eüZ nq|
2. fy
fmvq XvKv cøvM : hw` cøv‡Mi
v †dm Kvv‡jv I
ev`vwvwg is‡qi Kvve©b RvZxq cvDWvi
c Øviv Ave„Z
_v‡KK, ZLb g‡bb Ki‡Z n‡e ¯^qs wK¬wbs DËv‡c
D
†cuŠQv‡”Q
Q bv| G †ÿ‡Î wbw`©ó wK‡jv †fv‡ë
ëi cøvM
e¨ennvi Ki‡Z n‡ee|
3. gwWwdqvi
g Rg nIqv cøvM : cøv‡Mi †m›Uvi-
Rgv †m
B‡jK
jK‡Uªv‡W I mvvBW B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi
v gv_vq mv`v
m ev
njy` i‡Oi b¨vq GK cÖKvi gwWwdqvi
g Rggv nq|
wPÎ
wP 5.7 : wcÖ BMMbvB‡UW cøvM, G
GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© cvM
cøv
mywbw`
w`©ó R¡vjvwb e¨envi
e bv Kivv Rb¨B G Rggv n‡q
_v‡KK| G ai‡bii cøvM cwi®‹v‹vic~e©K cybtee¨envi
Kiv m¤¢e|
4. Ifvi
I wn‡UU cøvM †dBm : hw` †Kv‡bv cøv‡Mi †dm A‡qj
A †fRv cvIqv
c hvq, Z
Zv n‡j g‡b Ki‡Z
K
n‡e ¯úvK© cøvMwU KvR Ki‡Q bv|
b cøvM kU© n‡q
n †M‡j mvaaviYZ G NUbbv N‡U| G †ÿ
ÿ‡Î cøvM cwi
wieZ©b
KivBB m½Z|
6. fvOv
f ¯úvK© cø cvM : mwVK gv‡ci cøvM--†i e¨envi bv Ki‡j A_ev
A gvÎvwZwi
wi³ UvBU †``Iqvi
Kvi‡‡Y A‡bK †ÿ‡‡Î cøvM †f‡O hvq A_ev Bbmy
Bb ‡jk‡bi Askwe‡kl
A †f‡‡O hvq| G mmKj †ÿ‡Î Aeek¨B
cøvM cwieZ©b Qvo
ov Avi weKí _v‡K
_ bv| myZivs
Z cøvM‡K hZœ
hZmnKv‡i n¨vvÛj Kiv DwPZZ|
7. wmwjKv
wm Rgv cø
cvM : G RvZx
Zxq cøv‡M wmwj
jKv R‡g| mvaaviYZ GwU GqviBb‡UK
G wm
wm‡÷‡g wj‡KRRwbZ
Kvi‡‡Y n‡q _v‡K| ¯^í cwigvYY wmwjKv Rgg‡j cwi®‹vic~
c~e©K cybte¨ennvi Kiv m¤¢e| gvÎvwZwi³
³ n‡j
cwieeZ©b Kiv msMMZ|
8. †W‡Uv‡b‡UW
†W cvM : G RvZx
cø Zxq cøv‡M `vM c‡o, BÝy‡jUUi mv`v n‡q hvq
h Ges Ask kwe‡kl †f‡q †h‡Z
cv‡ii| gvÎvwZwi³
³ wiP-wgKPvii †cvov‡bvi Rb¨
R G ΓwU †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
c G RvZx
Zxq ΓwUgy³ ¯úvK©
¯
cøvM cwieZ©b Ki‡‡Z nq Ges Kve©
K y‡iUi wUDwbwbsc~e©K wiP wgKPvi
wg ˆZwi nIqvi
n Zv Kgv‡Z nq|
cÖeYZv
9. wcÖ-BMbvB‡UW
W cøvM : G Aa¨v‡qi
A 5.7 bs
b wP‡Î GKwUU wcÖ-BMbvB‡UUW
cøvM †`Lv‡bv n‡j
‡jv| G RvZxZxq cøv‡Mi †m m›Uvi I mvBBW B‡jK‡UªvW v
Avswk
wkK M‡j hvqq bZzev †eu‡K hvq| mvav aviYZ wgm dvqvi
d I Ifvvi
wnURRwbZ Kvi‡Y GwU
G n‡q _v‡K K| G RvZxq ΓwUgy³ ¯úvK K© cøvM cwieZ©
Z©b
Ki‡Z‡Z nq Ges Kvey
K ©‡iUi wUDwbwbsc~e©K wiP wgKPvi
w ˆZwi nIqvi cÖeYZ Zv
Kgv‡‡Z nq|
wPÎ 5.8 : wmwjKv Rgv cøvM
v
¯úvK© cøvM 219
cÖkœgvjv-5
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. ¯úvK© cøvM Bwćb Kxiƒ‡c kw³ Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K?
2. ¯úvK© cøvM M¨v‡ci †ÿ‡Î Kx Kx welq g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb?
3. kw³kvjx I h_v_© ¯úvK© cvIqvi Rb¨ Kx Kiv DwPZ?
4. ¯úvK© cøvM Kx Kx Ask wb‡q MwVZ?
5. B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi AvK…wZ Abymv‡i ¯úvK© cøvM‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
6. nU ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi e¨envi †`LvI|
7. †Kvì ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi e¨envi †`LvI|
8. 14 wK. †fv‡ëi ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi e¨envi †`LvI|
9. mvaviY Qq wmwjÛvi wewkó †c‡Uªvj Bwćb Kxiƒc AvK…wZi ¯úvK© cøvM e¨envi Kiv nq?
10. ¯úvK© cøv‡M Kx Kx iƒc ΓwU †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
2. ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi wewfb&œ As‡ki mswÿß eY©bv `vI|
3. ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI|
4. ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi e¨envwiK †ÿ‡Îi mswÿß weeiY `vI|
5. ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi wewfbœ ΓwUmg~‡ni KviY I cÖwZKvi D‡jøL Ki|
l Aa¨vqq
lô
A
A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf we`y`y¨r e¨e¯’
¯’v
Auto Electrricity
6.2.. A‡Uv‡gvwUf Uf we`y¨r-eZ Z©bx I mvavviY we`y¨r eZ© e bxi g‡a¨¨ e¨wZµg : (Differeence
bettween Autoomotive Electric E Cirrcuit and General
G E
Electric Cirrcuit) :
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r eZ©bx I mvaaviY we`y¨r eZ Z©bxi g‡a¨ gyL¨
L
wKQz e¨wZµ‡gi eY©e bv wb‡¤œ †``Iqv n‡jv :
1. A‡Uv‡gvwUf
A w ¨r eZ©bx‡‡Z WvB‡i± Kv‡i›U
we`y K (wWwm
wm)
e¨ennvi Kiv nq hvi cÖevn GKgy G Lx wKš‘ mvaviY we`y`y¨r
bx Aëvi‡bbwUf Kv‡i›U (Gwm) e¨envii Kiv nq, hvi
eZ©bx‡Z hv
cÖevnn wØgyLx| wP‡ÎÎ G `ywU e¨e¯’
¯’v †`Lv‡bv n‡‡jv :
2. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r eZ©©bx‡Z A‡bK K †ÿ‡Î †j jv-
‡ëRRwbZ Kvvi‡Y gvÎ jvBBbwU †U‡b Gees Ab¨ jvB‡bbi
†fv‡ë
Rb¨¨ ewW e¨envi K‡i, eZ©bx m¤úbœ
m Kiv m¤¢¤¢e wKš‘ mvaviiY
we`y¨r
¨ eZ©bx‡Z G Am¤¢e|
2222 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
3. mvaviY
m we`y¨r eZ©bx †h‡nZz
Zz AwaK †fv‡‡ë KvR K‡ii †m Kvi‡Y AmveavbZvek
A kZ ˆe`y¨wZK k‡K
gvbyl/cÖ
l vYx gviv †hh‡Z cv‡i wKš‘
š‘ A‡Uv‡gvwUf
f we`y¨r eZ©bx‡‡Z G RvZxq `yN©Ubvi m¤¢veebv AZ¨šÍ Kgg|
4. Aëvi‡bwUs
A K
Kv‡i›U mivmwi
wi †Rbv‡iUi Drcv`b
D K‡ii wKš‘ WvB‡i±± Kv‡i›U †c‡‡Z n‡j †Rbv‡ v‡iUi
Kw¤úúDUvi I Aë ëvi‡bwUf †iKiKwUdvqv‡ii b¨vq AwZwi³ ³ hš¿vs‡ki ms‡hv‡Mi
m cÖ‡qqvRb nq I wWwm
e¨vUv
Uvwi‡Z msiÿYY Kiv hvq|
5. wWwm-Gi
w Drrcv`b ÿgZvv Kg weavq Gi †Rbv‡iUUi ev Aëvii‡bwUf Zzjbbvg~jKfv‡e †QvU| †Q
cÿvvšÍ‡i Gwm-Gii Drcv`b ÿggZv A‡bK †eewk weavq GwUU A‡cÿvK…Z A‡bK A eo AvKvKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K|
_v
6. Gwm
G Drcv`‡bbi Rb¨ Uvie ievBb ev eo o Bwćbi b¨v¨vq cÖvB‡gvfv‡‡ii cÖ‡qvRbb c‡o A_P wWwm
Drccv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î BwÄb wb‡RB cÖvB‡gvfvi wn‡m‡e
wn KvR K‡i|
K
6.3 A‡Uv‡gvwUff we`y¨r Drm (Source off Automottive Electrricity) :
A‡Uv mmg~‡ni bvg I mswÿß cwwiwPwZ wb‡¤œ cÖ`vb
Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi gyL¨ DcKi‡‡Yi gyL¨ Drm
Kiv n‡jv :
K. †Rbv‡iUi
† : A‡cÿvK…Z eo
e eo Mvwo‡‡Z Ges Zyjbvg~
b jKfv‡e †eewk †fv‡ëR Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î†
Mvwo
o‡Z †Rbv‡iUii we`y¨r Drc
cv`‡bi g~j Drm
D wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
e nq| GwU KwgD‡UU
UU‡ii gva¨‡g Gwm
mivmmwi Drcv`b K‡i PjšÍ Ae¯’vq Mvwo woi ˆe`y¨wZK cÖ‡qvRb †ggUvq Ges cÖ‡qvRb †gvZ Zv‡eK
e¨vUv
Uvwi‡KI PvR© K‡i
K _v‡K|
L. Aëvi‡bUi
A : †Rbv‡iUi ev Aëvi‡bUi
Ui †h †Kvb GKwUB
G gvÎ, GKwU
G Mvwo‡Z
Z we`y¨r Drcv``‡bi
Drm
m wn‡m‡e e¨eü
eüZ nq| mvaaviYZ A‡cÿ ÿvK…Z †QvU Mvwo‡Z
M Aëvi‡
i‡bUi e¨eüZZ nq| Aëvi‡ i‡bUi
†iKw
KwUdvqv‡ii gva¨‡g
gv Drcvw`
w`Z Kv‡i›U‡K
K wWwm‡Z iƒƒcvšÍwiZ K‡ii mivmwi A‡‡Uv‡gvwUf Mvwvwo‡Z
mieeivn K‡i _v‡K
K|
M. e¨vUvwi
e : A‡‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y`y¨r e¨e¯’vi GKwU
G D‡jøL‡hvM¨
‡h gyL¨ Drrm n‡jv e¨vUUvwi| GwU miivmwi
we`y¨r
¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z
K cv‡i bvv, wKš‘ Drcvww`Z WvB‡i± Kv‡i›U G‡Z Rgv ivL‡Z cv‡i Ges ciieZ©x
mg‡qq cÖ‡qvRb †ggvZv‡eK LiP Kiv hv| e¨vUUvwi PvR© Kiv gv‡bB G‡Z wWwm w msiÿY Kiv| G msiiwÿZ
ev Rgv
R Kiv Kv‡i ‡i›U cieZ©x mg‡q
m K m¤¢e weaavq GwU A‡Uvv‡gvwUf we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi Drm
LiP Kiv
wn‡m
m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
K nq| cÖv_wgKfv‡e
_ Mvwo
wo‡K Pvjy Ki‡‡Z e¨vUvwi Kv‡v‡i›U AZ¨vek
k¨K|
A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’v 223
6.4 A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vi cÖevn eZ©bx (Flow diagram of Auto Electricity):
wb‡P A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vi GKwU cÖevn eZ©bx A¼b Kiv n‡jv Ges mv‡_ m¤ú„³ gyL¨ ˆe`y¨wZK
eZ©bxmn hš¿vs‡ki ZvwjKvI cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv :
1. ÷vwU©s wm‡÷g :
K. e¨vUvwi
L. BMwbkb myBP
M. ÷vw©U©s/µvs wKs †gvUi
N. Rvskvb eøK I GwgUi
2. PvwR©s wm‡÷g :
K. e¨vUvwi
L. Rvskb eøK
M. A¨vw¤úqvi wgUvi/A¨vwgUvi
N. †i¸‡jUi ev KvUAvDU
O. Aëvi‡bUi ev †Rbv‡iUi
3. BMwbkb wm‡÷g :
K. e¨vUvwi
L. BMwbkb myBP
M. A¨vwgUvi/A¨vw¤úqvi wgUvi
N. BMwbkb K‡qj
O. wWw÷weDUi
P. ¯úvK© cøvM
4. nb© wm‡÷g :
K. e¨vUvwi I BMwbkb myBP
L. Rvskvb eøK
M. GwgUvi
N. nb© †evZvg
O. nb© wi‡j
P. nb©
2244 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-6
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. Mvwo cwiPvjbv I kw³ Drcv`‡b †KvbwU gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i?
2. Mvwo‡Z KZ †fv‡ëi Kxiƒc we`y¨r e¨eüZ nq?
3. ÷vwU©s wm‡÷g Kx?
4. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cÖvBgvwi mvwK©‡U KZ †fvë we`y¨r mieivn K‡i _v‡K?
5. W¨vk‡evW© c¨v‡bj BÝUªy‡g›U ej‡Z †Kvb †Kvb BÝUªy‡g›U‡K †evSvq?
6. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vi Av_©-jvBb wnmv‡e †KvbwU‡K e¨envi Kiv nq?
7. WvB‡i± Kv‡i›U †c‡Z Kx Kx hš¿vs‡ki ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z nq?
8. A‡Uv‡gvwU‡fi we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e e¨vUvwi †Kv‡bv we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
9. g¨vM‡b‡Uv BMwbkb wm‡÷g †Kvb ai‡bi Bwćb e¨envi Kiv nq?
10. wWwm Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î BwÄb Kx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vi f~wgKv D‡jøL Ki|
2. PvwR©s wm‡÷g ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
3. BMwbkb wm‡÷g ej‡Z Kx †KvSvq?
4. Mvwo‡Z †fvMwejvm miÄv‡gi GKwU ZvwjKv †`LvI|
5. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r eZ©bx I mvaviY we`y¨r eZ©bx‡Z Kx ai‡bi we`y¨r e¨envi Kiv nq?
6. Aëvi‡bU‡ii KvR m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
7. g¨vM‡b‡Uv BMwbkb wm‡÷g m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
8. nb© wm‡÷g Kx Kx hš¿vsk wb‡q MwVZ?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vi wPÎ A¼b K‡i Gi wewfbœ Ask wPwýZ Ki|
2. GKwU A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vi wewfbœ wm‡÷g m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki|
3. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r eZ©bx I mvaviY eZ©bxi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI|
4. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r Drm¸‡jv Kx Kx? †h †Kv‡bv `yBwU Drm m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c hv Rv‡bv †jL|
5. A‡Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vi cÖevn eZ©bxi PvwR©s wm‡÷g I nb© wm‡÷‡gi hš¿vs‡ki ZvwjKv wee„Z Ki|
m Aa¨vvq
mßg
BMwb
wbkb wm‡‡÷g
Ignittion Sysyytem
1. G wm‡÷g h_vm
vmg‡q, h_v_© wmwjÛv‡i
w †÷
÷c-Avc K…Z nvB-†fv‡ëR
n e I mieiivn K‡i|
eÈb
2. GwU †÷ Avc K‡‡i| A_©vr e¨v¨vUvwi 6 ev 122 ev 24 †fvvë‡K
G e¨vUvwii †jv-†fvë‡K nvB †fvë †÷c
5,000 †fvë n‡Z
Z cÖvq 30,00
00 †fv‡ë †÷
÷c Avc K‡i ev DbœxZ K‡ii|
3. h_vmg‡q,
h h_vv_© wmwjÛv‡i G wm‡÷g ˆe``y¨wZK ¯úvK© msNwUZ
m K‡i, wmwjÛv‡ii wwfZi Gqvi dy
d‡qj
wgKPPvi we‡ùviY NwU‡q †c‡Uªvj Bwćbi kw³
w³ Drcv`‡b cÖZ¨ÿ f~wgKv iv‡L|
BMwbkb wm‡÷g 227
4. Bwćbi MwZ e„w×i m‡½ m¤ú„³Zv †i‡L G ¯úvK© I wmwjÛv‡ii g‡a¨ msNwUZ mswkøóZv msiÿY
K‡i| A_©vr Bwćbi MwZ e„w× †c‡j, †m nv‡i ¯úvK©I Av‡M n‡e, Avevi MwZ Kg‡j ¯úvK©I †m nv‡i
c‡i n‡e|
5. cy‡iv BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi AKvh©KvwiZv †c‡Uªvj BwÄb‡K ÷vU© †bIqv ev Pj‡bi Rb¨ Aÿg K‡i
Zzj‡Z cv‡i|
6. G wm‡÷‡gi mwVKZv A_©vr ¯úvK© cøvM M¨vc I Wy‡qj A¨v‡½j A¨vWRv÷v‡g›U ev wmwe c‡q‡›Ui
h_v_© A¨vWRv÷‡g›U Bwćbi R¡vjvwb LiP Kgvq|
7. G wm‡÷g BwÄb kw³ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î MwZ wmwjÛv‡i cÖwZ wgwb‡U cÖvq 30 n‡Z 40 evi nvB
†fv‡ë‡Ri ¯úvK© mieivn K‡i _v‡K|
8. G wm‡÷g g¨vM‡bwUK BÛvKkb I cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 30 n‡Z 40 evi g¨vM‡bwUK wdì Kb‡Wbmv‡ii
d‡j nvB-†fv‡ëR Drcv`b K‡i|
7.3 BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi wewfbœ Askmg~n kbv³KiY (Different Parts of Ignition System) :
BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi mvwK©U `ywU gyL¨ mvwK©‡U wef³ Kiv hvq| †hgbÑ
K. cÖvBgvwi mvwK©U :
BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cÖvBgvwi mvwK©‡Ui Aci bvg n‡jv †fv‡ëR mvwK©U| G mvwK©‡U e¨vUvwi †fv‡ëR
_v‡K| e¨vUvwi hw` 6 ev 12 ev 24 †fv‡ëi nq cÖvBgvwi mvwK©‡UI 6 ev 12 ev 24 †fvë _v‡K| Gi
ms‡hvM e¨vUvwi †_‡K BMwbkb K‡q‡ji cÖvBgvwi mvwK©U n‡q wmwe c‡q›U ch©šÍ|
BMwbkb wm‡÷g 229
L. †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©U :
G‡K BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi nvB-†fv‡ëR mvwK©U e‡j| GwU 5 wK‡jv-†fvë †_‡K m‡ev©”P cÖvq 30 wK‡jv
†fvë Drcv`b I eÈb K‡i _v‡K| †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©UwUi Drcv`b nvB †fvë ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi g‡a¨
msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| Gi ms‡hvM BMwbkb K‡q‡ji †m‡KÛvwi I‡qwìs †_‡K ¯úvK© cøvM ch©šÍ|
Dc‡iv³ mvwK©U؇qi Ask ev hš¿vskmg~n kbv³Ki‡Y myweav‡_© wb‡P wecixZ mvwi‡Z hš¿vs‡ki bvg
wjwce× Kiv n‡jv :
cÖvBgvwi mvwK©U †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©U
1. e¨vUvwi/g¨vM‡b‡Uv-wm‡÷g 1. Bbmy‡j‡UW †ccv‡ii Dci †m‡KÛvwi I‡qwìs
2. GwgUi/A¨vw¤úqvi wgUvi 2. BMwbkb K‡qj
3. BMwbkb myBP 3. wWw÷ªweDUi K¨vc
4. BMwbkb K‡q‡ji cÖvBgvwi I‡qwìs 4. wWw÷ªweDUi K¨vc
5. BMwbkb K‡q‡ji I ms‡hvMmn †jv-†Ubkb 5. †mw›UªwdDMj A¨vWfvÝ †gKvwbR‡gi
jvBb hš¿vsk
6. K›Uªv±-†eªKvi (wmwe) c‡q›U 6. †gKvwbK¨vj A¨vWfvÝ †gKvwbR‡gi hš¿vsk
7. K¨vcvwmUi/Kb‡Wbmvi 7. wWw÷ªweDUi WªvBwfs †gKvwbRg
8. †ivUi Avg© 8. nvB †Ubmb K¨vej
9. †jwg‡b‡UW Avqib md&U‡Kvi (cÖvBgvwi 9. ¯úvK© cøvMmn BZ¨vw`|
DBwÛs hvi Dci Kiv nq) BZ¨vw`|
B‡jK
jKwUªwmwU‡Z A‡bK
A †ÿ‡Î ewW‡K
e Avw_©s K‡i
K m¤úbœ Kiv
K n‡q _v‡K| cÖ`Ë wPÎI I Avw_©s‡qi gvva¨‡g
cÖvBggvwi I †m‡K
KÛvwi mvwK©U m¤úbœ nIqvv †`Lv‡bv n‡‡q‡Q| GwU QvovI
Q wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Gi gyL¨
hš¿vskmg~
s ‡ni bvgg cv‡k wj‡L †`Lv‡bv n‡jv jv| gy³ n‡¯Í cÖ‡Z¨K‡K G RvZxq GKwU
wU BMwbkb wmm‡÷g
A¼bb Kiv DwPZ :
K. cÖvBgvwi mvwK©
K©‡Ui Kvh©Kvwi
wiZv :
h_bb BMwbgb myBPB Ô÷vU©Õ Ae¯ ¯’v‡b Avbv nqq, ZLb e¨vUvwvwi Ges BMwbbkb K‡q‡ji cwRwUf (+) cÖvšÍ
ms‡hhvwRZ nq| †m mgq ÷vvwU©s †gvUi BwÄb‡K B AveZZ©b Ki‡Z Avi¤¢
A K‡i| G Ae¯’vq e¨¨vUvwi
†fv‡ë
‡ëR cÖvBgvwi
wi mvwK©‡Ui †iiwRm‡UÝ AwZ wZµg K‡i c~Y© gvÎvq µvsswKs Ki‡Z m mg_© nq| Zvici
Zv
BwÄbb ÷vU© wb‡j BMwbkb
B myBP‡K
P ÔAbÕ Ae¯ ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z nq|
n G Ae¯’v‡b v‡ †iwR‡÷ÝÝ K‡qj mvwK©U hy³
nq Ges
G cwiwgZ gvÎvq
g Kv‡i›UU I wmwe c‡q‡‡›U mieivn nq|
n
hLbb wWw÷ªweDU‡iii AveZ©bRwb wbZ Kvi‡Y wm mwe c‡q›U eÜÜ _v‡K, ZLb e¨vUvwi A_evev †Rbv‡iUi A_ev
A
Aëv
ëvi‡bUi KZ…©K Drcvw`Z †jv-†fv‡ëR
†j B
BMwbkb K‡qq‡ji cÖvBgvwi
wi I‡qwÛs n‡qq, wmwe c‡q‡‡›UUi
gva¨¨‡g Avw_©s nqq| cÖvBgvwi G RvZxq wee`y¨r cÖevnRwb wbZ Kvi‡Y DBwÛs
D Gi PZz
Zzcv‡k¦© GK cÖKvi
g¨vMM‡bwUK wd‡ì ìi Avwef©ve N‡U Ges K‡q‡j ˆe`y¨wZK ¨ w¯’wZkww³ mwÂZ nnq| hLb AveviA
wWwֻ
÷ªweDU‡ii AvveZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y
K wmwe c‡‡q›U K¨v‡gi Dci
D D‡V Ly‡j ‡j hvq, ZLb cÖvBgvwi mvwK
wK©‡Ui
we`y¨rcÖ
¨ evn ZvrÿwÿwYKfv‡e eÜ n‡q hvq Ges we`y¨‡Zi cÖevn‡K e K¨vcvwm
wmUi †kvlY K
K‡i ÿwYK mgg‡qi
Rb¨¨ Rgv K‡i wmwwe c‡q›U‡K iÿv
i K‡i|
BMwbkb wm‡÷g 231
cÖkœgvjv-7
AwZmswÿß cÖkœ :
1. †c‡Uªvj Bwćb evZvm dz‡qj †Kv_vq AvbycvwZK nv‡i wgwkÖZ nq?
2. wmwjÛv‡i Kxiƒc Ae¯’vq ¯úvK© cøv‡M ¯úvK© msNwUZ nq?
3. e¨vUvwi †fvë 6 ev 12 ev 24 †fvë †K KZ †fv‡ë DbœxZ K‡i ¯úvK© msNwUZ nq?
4. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi AKvh©KvwiZvq †c‡Uªvj Bwćb Kxiƒc cÖfve c‡o?
5. e¨vUvwi BMwbkb wm‡÷‡g m‡ev©”P KZ †fvë ch©šÍ †÷c Avc nq?
6. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cÖvBgvwi mvwK©U‡K Kx e‡j?
7. KLb cÖvBgvwi DBwÛ©s-Gi PZzc©v‡k g¨vM‡bwUK wd‡ìi Avwef©ve N‡U? KLb cÖvBgvwi mvwK©‡U
we`y¨r cÖevn eÜ n‡q hvq?
8. †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©‡U Drcbœ nvB †fv‡ëR Kx w`‡q wWw÷ªweDUi K¨v‡c hvq?
9. †c‡Uªvj Bwćb cÖwZ wmwjÛv‡i †m‡K‡Û KZ evi ¯úvK© msNwUZ nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. BMwbkb wm‡÷g ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. wmwjÛv‡i ¯úvK© msNU‡bi Dcvq D‡jøL Ki|
3. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cÖZ¨ÿ f~wgKv Kx?
4. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI|
5. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi `yBwU D‡Ïk¨ †jL|
6. g¨vM‡b‡Uv BMwbkb wm‡÷‡g e¨vUvwi I †Rbv‡iU‡ii cwie‡Z© Kx e¨envi Kiv nq?
7. AvaywbK A‡bK †c‡Uªvj Bwćb e¨vUvwi ev g¨vM‡b‡Uv BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cwie‡Z© †Kvb c×wZ
e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q?
8. B‡jKUªwbK BMwbkb wm‡÷‡g wm we c‡q›U I Kb‡W‡Ýi cwie‡Z© Kx e¨eüZ nq?
9. cÖvBgvwi I †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©‡Ui g~j cv_©K¨ Kx?
10. †c‡Uªvj Bwćb Kxfv‡e kw³ Drcbœ nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡g hvwš¿K kw³ Drcv`‡bi Kxiƒc f~wgKv cvjb K‡i?
2. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi D‡Ïk¨vewj ms‡ÿ‡c wee„Z Ki|
3. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cÖKvi‡f` D‡jøL Ki|
4. B‡jKUªwbK BMwbkb wm‡÷g m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
5. g¨vM‡b‡Uv BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi mswÿß eY©bv `vI|
6. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi mvwK©U‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvqÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. GKwU BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi c~Y©v½ wPÎ A¼b K‡i wewfbœ Ask wPwýZ Ki|
8. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi cÖvBgvwi mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©KvwiZv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
9. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©KvwiZv eY©bv Ki|
A Aa¨vvq
Aóg
BMwb
wbkb K‡qj
K‡
Ign
nition Coil
C
wPÎ
PÎ 8.1 : K. BMwwbk K‡qj I L.. ¯úvK© cøvbM M¨¨vc
3. Ab¨w`‡K
A ˆe`y`y¨wZK G Pvc
c ev †fvë Av‡ivI
Av e„w× Kiv M¨ AwZµg K‡i mn‡R ¯úvK©
Ki n‡j G M¨vc ¯
msNwwUZ Ki‡Z mÿ ÿg| BMwbkbb K‡qj G KvvRwU K‡i _v‡K
‡K|
4. e¨vUvwii
e 6 evv 12 ev 24 †fvë‡K
† BMwb
wbkb K‡qj †÷ wµ cÖvq 5,,000 †fvë †_‡K
÷c Avc cÖwµqvq
30,000 †fv‡ë DbœD xZ K‡i, ¯úvK©
¯ -cøvM M¨v¨v‡c h_v_© I kw³kvjx
k ¯úvK
K© NUv‡Z mvnv
nvh¨ K‡i|
5. BMwbkb
B wm‡÷
÷‡g BMwbkb K‡qj
K ïay †c‡‡Uªvj BwćbB e¨eüZ nq|
6. BMwbkb
B K‡qqj cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi BMwbkbb wm‡÷‡giBB GKwU ¸iæZ
Z¡c~Y© hš¿vsk hv cy‡iv BMw
Mwbkb
wm‡÷
÷g‡K Kvh©Ki ivL‡Z gyL¨ f~
fwgKv iv‡L|
(L) cÖvBgvwi DBBwÛs : †m‡KÛÛvwi DBwÛs‡qqi Dci Bbmymy‡j‡UW †ccvii w`‡q AveZ©
Z©b K‡i, Zvi Dci
cÖvBggvwi DBwÛs Ki‡Z
K nq| A‡cÿvK…
A Z fvi
vix Bbmy‡j‡UW
W Gbv‡gj Iqq¨v‡ii AveZ©b© Øviv G cÖvBgvwi
B
DBwÛwÛs m¤úbœ Kiiv n‡q _v‡K| e¨vUvwi †fv‡‡ëR †_‡K nvB-†fv‡ëR
n D
Drcv`‡bi wn‡m‡ei Dci wfwË
wn
K‡ii G AveZ©‡bi msL¨vI wbf©i K‡i| mvaviiYZ 300 n‡Z Z 400 AveZ©
Z©‡bi
wPÎ-8.2 : BMwbkb
B K‡q‡jii MVb †KŠkj
†m‡K
KÛvwi jvB‡bii GK cÖv‡šÍi m‡½ ms‡hv‡MMi Rb¨ Gi g‡a¨g nvB †Ubk
kb K¨vej cÖ‡‡ekKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë
wb
ga¨eeZ©x ¯’v‡b MZ©
Z© _v‡K| G MZ
Z©wU n‡Z AvK©
K© cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨
R GKwU cøvw÷K
v K¨vc Øvviv XvKv _v‡K
K|
(Q) BMwbkb K‡‡q‡ji ms‡hvvM : BMwbkbb K‡q‡ji nvvBwRs ev †KBBwms GKwU ggvDw›Us K¨vc Øviv
Avw_©
w_©s ev ewW Kiiv _v‡K| G‡‡Z †jv I nvBB †Ubkb K¨v¨ve‡ji ms‡hv‡‡Mi e¨e¯’v __v‡L| ms‡hvMM¸‡jv
wb¤œiƒc
i :
1. †j
jv-†Ubkb jvvBb, cwRwUf (+) wPý Øviv
iv wPwýZ Kiv _v‡K| GwU cÖvBgvwi DBwÛ
Ûs-Gi GK cvšÍ
cÖv ‡K
BMwb
wbkb myB‡Pi mv‡_
m hy³ K‡ii|
2. cÖwZ †jv-†Ubkkb jvBb Gees cÖvBgvwi DBwÛs‡qi
D Ac
ci cÖvšÍ hv wmwe
wm c‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K|
_v
†b‡MMwUf (-) wPý Øviv wPwýZ Kiv
K nq|
3. GwU
G nvB †Ubk
kb jvBb ev wWwֻ
wW weDUi K¨v‡ci
K mv‡_ hyh³ _v‡K| G‡K
G 4 ev GBP
BP Øviv wPwýZ
Z Kiv
_v‡K
K|
cÖkœgvjv-8
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. BMwbkb K‡qj e¨vUvwi †fvë‡K KZ †fv‡ë DbœxZ K‡i?
2. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡g †Kvb Bwćb BMwbkb K‡qj e¨eüZ nq?
3. BMwbkb K‡qj gyL¨ †Kvb KvRwU K‡i _v‡K?
4. †jwg‡b‡UW Avqib †Kvi †Kv_vq Ae¯’vb K‡i?
5. †jwU‡b‡UW Avqib †Kv‡ii KvR Kx?
6. cÖvBgvwi DBwÛs Kxfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv nq?
7. cÖvBgvwi DBwÛs-Gi AveZ©b msL¨v wK‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i wba©viY Kiv nq?
8. BMwbkb K‡q‡ji nvDwRs-Gi Lvwj RvqMv Kx w`‡q c~Y© _v‡K?
9. BMwbkb K‡q‡ji K¨vc Kx w`‡q ˆZwi nq?
10. gvÎvwZwi³ ¯úvK© cøvM M¨v‡ci Kvi‡Y Kx N‡U?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. BMwbkb K‡qj Kxiƒ‡c ¯úvK© NUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i?
2. BMwbkb wm‡÷‡gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hš¿vsk †KvbwU Ges †Kb?
3. †jwg‡b‡UW Avqib †Kvi Kxiƒ‡c g¨vM‡bwUf wdì Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i?
4. cÖvBgvwi DBwÛs-Gi AveZ©b msL¨v KZ?
5. †m‡KÛvwi DBwÛs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
6. wbcj-Gi Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?
7. †m‡KÛvwi DBwÛs‡qi kU© mvwK©‡Ui KviY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
8. cÖvBgvwi DBwÛs‡qi kU© mvwK©‡Ui KviY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
9. `ye©j Avw_©s-Gi KviY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. BMwbkb K‡q‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
2. BMwbkb K‡qj Kx Kx Ask wb‡q MwVZ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI|
3. GKwU BMwbkb K‡q‡ji cÖvBgvwi DBwÛs I †m‡KÛvwi m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
4. BMwbkb K‡q‡ji ms‡hvM m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c wee„Z Ki|
5. BMwbkb K‡q‡ji m¤¢ve¨ ΓwU I Zvi KviY D‡jøL Ki|
b Aa¨vq
beg vq
wW weD
wWw÷ª DU‡ii Kvh©
K c×wZ
wZ
Worrking Prrincles off Distribbutor
wWwֻ
w÷ªweDU‡ii Kvh©
K cÖYvwj (Working
W Prrinciple off Distributtor):
wWwֻ
÷ªweDU‡ii miivmwi Bwćbii g‡a¨ emv‡bvv _v‡K Ges GwU
G Bwćbi K¨vg
K k¨vdU ØØviv cwiPvwjZ Z n‡q
_v‡K
K| wWw÷ªweDUUi WªvBf k¨vddU, BwÄb µvsK
µ k¨vd‡Uii Aa©MwZ‡Z nq K, bZzev evg w`‡K
n Wvb w`‡K
AvewwZ©Z nq| AveZ©
A ‡bi w`K K‡i _v‡K| hLb
K wWw÷ªweDUii nvDwRs‡q Zxi wPý `¦viv wb‡`©k K
wWwֻ
÷ªweDUi WªvBf
f k¨vdU AveewZ©Z nq, ZLLb Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z †eªKvi
Kv K¨v‡gi mvvnv‡h¨ wmwe c‡q›U
c
cwiggvY g‡Zv †Lv‡‡j I eÜ nq| G †Lvjv I eÜ nIqvRwbbZ Kvi‡YB Avgiv
Av Rvwb BMMwbkb|
K‡q‡
q‡j cÖwZ †m‡K
‡K‡Û cÖvq 30 0-40 evi g¨
g¨vM‡bwUK wdì
ì m„wó nq I Kjvcm nqq| d‡j BMw Mwbkb
K‡q‡
q‡ji †m‡KÛvwwi mvwK©‡U nvBB-†fv‡ëR Drcbœ
D nq Gess wWw÷ªweDUii †m›Uvi jvBbb w`‡q GwU †ivUi
†
ch©šÍ
šÍ mieivn nq|
wWwֻ
÷ªweDU‡ii Kvh
vh©c×wZ 239
†ivUUi wWw÷ªweDUi
Ui k¨vd‡Ui gv_vq
g emv‡bv _v‡K weavq hLb wWw÷ªweDUi
e k¨vdU AvewZ©Z nq, Zvi
m‡½½ †ivUiI AveewZ©Z nq| †ivU‡ii
†i G AveZ©
Av ‡bi d‡j j †m›Uvi Uvwg©
wg©bvj w`‡q Av
AvMZ nvB-†fv‡ v‡ëR
wewf
fbœ ¯úvK© cøvM Uvwg©bv‡j h_v_©
h mgq eÈ Èb I mieivvn n‡q hvq| G †fv‡ëR wmwjÛv‡ii wfZi w
Aew¯w¯’Z ¯úvK©-c−vM
øv M¨vc AwZµµg K‡i mvwKwK©U m¤úbœ Ki‡
i‡Z wM‡q D”PP Pv‡c ¯úvK© NNUvq I R¡vjvvwb‡K
wmwj
jÛv‡ii wfZi we‡ùviY n‡Z Z ev cyo‡Z mvnvh¨
mv K‡i|
1. †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©
m ‡U we`y¨r mieivn
m bv nIqqv: K. cÖvBgvwi mvwK©
wK©‡Ui ΓwU kbv³
³ I ms‡kvab|
K. cÖvBgvwii mvwK©‡U mieiivn bv _vKv| L. wb‡`©wkZ cwi
wigv‡Y wmwe c‡qq‡›Ui M¨vc mggš^q
L. wmwe c‡qq›U me©`vq †Lvvjv A_ev eÜ _vKv|
_ Kiv|
M. e¨vUvwi m¤ú~
m Y© wWmPvR©© nIqv BZ¨vw`| M. e¨vUvwi‡K PvR
R©v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ PvR© K‡i †bI
Iqv|
2. wgm dvqvi Kiv
K. fyj dvvqvwis AW©vi †gvZv‡eK
† ¯úvK
vK© cøvM K. Bwćbi wbaa©vwiZ dvqvwi wis AW©v‡ii µg
ms‡hvM †`I Iqv| Abymv‡i ¯úvK K© M¨v‡ci ms‡hhvM †`Iqv|
L. BMwbkbb UvBwgs mwVK Ae¯’v‡b bv _vK vKv L. wba©vwiZ ¯úvKK© M¨v‡ci ms‡hhvM †`Iqv|
M. ¯úvK© A¨vWfvÝ
A †gKvwb
wbRg mwVKfv‡‡e KvR M. ¯úvK© A¨vW WfvÝ †gKvwbR R‡gi Kvh©KvwwiZv
bv Kiv| m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ Z nIqv|
N. K¤^vkmbb †P¤^v‡i gvÎvwZ
Zwi³ Kve©b Rgv
gv nIqv N. BwÄb UcIfvvi †nvwjs Kiv|
3. †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©‡U `ye©j ¯úvK©
¯ mieivnK KiY: K. Kb‡Wbmvi cwieZ©
c b Kiv|
K. A‡K‡Rvv Kb‡Wbmvi| L. ¯úvK© cøvM M¨vc
M¨ mgš^q Kiv iv|
L. AcwiwgZ Z ¯úvK© cøvM M¨vc|
M M. ‡ivUi cwieZ©
Z©b Kiv|
M. †ivUi Uvwg©
Uv bvj ¯ú‡k© hvIqv|
h N. kU© ¯úvK© cøvM cwieZ©b Kiiv|
N. AvswkK kU© ¯úvK© cøvM e¨envi Kiv| |
240 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-9
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. wWw÷ªweDUi Kx Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq?
2. wmwe c‡q›U cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û KZevi †Lv‡j I eÜ nq?
3. †m‡KÛvwi DBwÛs-G nvB-†fv‡ëR Drcv`‡b †KvbwU cÖZ¨ÿ f~wgKv iv‡L?
4. †m‡KÛvwi DBwÛs G Drcvw`Z nvB †fv‡ëR †K eÈb K‡i _v‡K?
5. mvaviY KZ wWwMÖ c~‡e© ¯úvK© msNwUZ nq?
6. Kb‡Wbmvi wmwe c‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ Kxfv‡e hy³ _v‡K?
7. w¯úªs †jv‡WW I‡qU †Kv_vq euvav _v‡K?
8. †gKvwbK¨vj A¨vWfvÝ †gKvwbR‡gi Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?
9. †ivU‡ii Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?
10. wWw÷ªweDUi WªvBf k¨vdU BwÄb µvsK k¨vd‡Ui †P‡q KZ MwZ‡Z AvewZ©Z nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. wmwe c‡q‡›UUi M¨vc h_v_©fv‡e mgš^q Kiv Avek¨K †Kb?
2. K¤^vmb †P¤^v‡i Kxfv‡e ¯úvK© msNwUZ nq?
3. †gKvwbK¨vj I f¨vKzqvg A¨vWfvÝ †gKvwbRg †Kvb wWw÷ªweDUi-Gi mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K?
4. wWw÷ªweDU‡ii D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Askmg~‡ni bvg †jL|
5. Kb‡WÝi m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
6. wWw÷ªweDUi K¨vc-Gi Ae¯’vb I KvR Kx?
7. f¨vKzqvg A¨vWfvÝ †gKvwbRg m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv `vI|
8. wWw÷ªweDUi WªvBf k¨vd‡Ui KvR wK?
9. †m‡KÛvwi mvwK©‡U we`y¨r mieivn bv nIqvi KviY Kx?
10. †Kb wgm dvqvwis nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wWw÷ªweDU‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
2. wWw÷ªweDU‡ii wewfbœ Askmg~‡ni bvgmn weeiY `vI|
3. wWw÷ªweDU‡ii Kvh©cÖYvwj wee„Z Ki|
4. wWw÷ªweDU‡ii ΓwU I Zvi cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
` Aa¨vvq
`kg
BMwb
wbkb UvBBwgs
Igniition Tim
ming
2. mwVK
m dvqvwi
wis AW©vi †gvvZv‡eK ms‡hhvM, h_v mgg‡q, h_v_© wmwjÛv‡i
w ¯úúvK©-msNUbc~
c~e©K,
Gqvi
vi dz‡qj msswgkª‡Y we‡ù
ùviY NU‡Z Ges wc÷bb‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K w` av°v w`w`‡q, BwÄb kw³
Drc
cv`‡b mvnvh¨¨ K‡i|
3. wWwֻ
w weDU‡iiii †ivUi AveeZ©‡bi w`‡K
Ki DciI dvqvwis
dv AW©vi cwieZ©b wb
wbf©ikxj| myyZivs
†ivUUi I Nwoi Ku
KvUvi c‡ÿ, bv wecixZ w`‡K AvewZ© R‡b wb‡q dvvqvwis AW©vi †mU
Z©Z nq Zv †R
Kivv AZ¨vek¨K|
4. dvqvwis
d vi †gvZv‡eK ms‡hvM BwÄ
AW©vi Äb‡K m¤ú~Y© ÿgZvq I ¯^í R¡vjvwb LLi‡P Pj‡Z me©
m `v
mÿgg iv‡L|
5. BwÄb
B †f‡` dvqvwis
dv AW©v‡ii
iiI wfbœZv i‡‡q‡Q| myZivs BwÄb †f‡` dvqvwis
d AW©v‡‡ii µgaviv Aek¨
A
ms‡hhv‡Mi Av‡M †R
R‡b wb‡Z n‡ee|
6. cÖ‡Z¨KwU BwÄćbi dvqvwis AW©vi BwÄb WvUv eB‡qi A_ev Acv‡iiUi g¨vby‡qj j, GgbwK BwÄ wćbi
ewW‡‡Z XvjvB K‡i
‡i †jLv _v‡KK| myZivs dvqqvwis AW©v‡iii e¨wZµg, †hh †Kv‡bv ms‡‡hvM BwÄb‡K
K Zvi
mvavviY Pjv n‡Z weiZ
w iv‡L I wgm dvqvi NUvq|
N
10.3
3 dvqvwis AW©
AWvi †mUKiYY c×wZ (Settup Processs of Firin ng Order) :
1. BwÄb WvUv eB
e A_ev Acv cv‡iUi g¨vby‡qj
q A_ev BwÄ Äb eøK n‡Z dvqvwis
d AW©vi †R‡b wb‡q †bvU
K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
n
2. BwÄb‡K BMwbwbkb myBP eÜ
Ü K‡i m¤ú~Y© eÜe Ae¯’vq ivvL‡Z n‡e|
3. BwÄb‡K GKwwU eo †iÄ Øviviv g¨vby‡qwj NyNwi‡q BMwbkbb UvBwgs gvK©
K© eivei ivL‡Z Z n‡e|
4. wWw÷ªweDU‡i K¨vc G AveZ Z©b Kv‡j Ac cmviYc~e©K †iivUi †Kvb w`‡‡K Ny‡i Zv †`‡`‡L ivL‡Z n‡ee|
5. wWw÷ªweDUi K¨v‡gi
K Dci wmwe
w c‡q›U †LLvjvi wVK cÖv_wgK v Ae¯’vq ev c~e©ve¯’vq ivL‡Z n‡e|
6. G Ae¯’vq wWw÷ª
wW weDUi K¨vc,
K wWw÷ªweDU‡i
we ¯’vcbb Kiv n‡j, ¯úvK© cøv‡Mii †Kvb Uvwg©bvjwU
b
AveZ©‡bi m‡‡½ m‡½ †ivU‡
U‡ii ms¯ú‡k© k© Av‡m Zv kbbv³ Ki‡Z n‡e n Ges H UUviwgbvj‡K 1 bs
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
Z K‡i ivL‡ZZ n‡e|
BMwbkb UvBwgs 243
7. GgZve¯’vq wWw÷ªweDUi K¨vc, K¬¨v¤ú Øviv wWw÷ªweU‡ii m‡½ hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. kbv³KiY 1 bs Uviwgbvj‡K 1 bs wmwjÛv‡ii ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges hw` †ivUi
K¬K IqvBR wW‡iKk‡b †Nv‡i, Zvn‡j cieZ©x Uvwg©bvj¸‡jv‡K Pvi NvZ cvi wmwjÛvi Bwćbi
†ÿ‡Î 1, 3, 4 I 2 bs wmwjÛv‡i ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi mv‡_ mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. hw` †ivUi Gw›U K¬K-IqvBR A_©vr Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K †Nv‡i, Zv n‡j 1 bs Uvwg©bvj
c~e©ve¯’vq _vK‡e Ges Aewkó Uvwg©bvj¸‡jv‡K 3, 4 I 2 bs wmwjÛv‡i avivevwnKfv‡e mshy³
Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. GKvwaK gvwë wmwjÛv‡ii †ÿ‡Î wmwjÛvi msL¨v 6, 8 ev 10 hvB †nvK bv †Kb, dvqvwis †R‡b
wb‡q, D‡jøwLZ c×wZ AbymiYc~e©K dvqvwis AW©vi †mU Ki‡Z n‡e|
11. dvqvwis AW©vi †mU Kivi ci, BMwbkb myBP AveZ©bc~e©K BwÄb ÷vU© K‡i, dvqvis AW©vi
†mUKiY m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqv Avek¨K|
10.4 †÷ªv‡ev‡¯‹vwcK UvBwgs c×wZ (Stoboscopic, Timing Process) :
1. †÷ªv‡ev‡¯‹vwcK jvB‡U wZbwU ms‡hvM _v‡K| GKwU nvjKv A_P jvj Uvwg©bvj Øviv gvwK©s Kiv
_v‡K hv‡K BMwbkb K‡q‡ji e¨vUvwi Uvwg©bv‡ji mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z nq| AciwU Kv‡jv i‡Oi _v‡K,
BwÄb ewWi m‡½ Avw_©s jvBb wn‡m‡e hy³ Ki‡Z nq| Z„Zxq Zvi †gvUv I K¨v¤ú hy³ 1 bs ¯úvK©
cøv‡Mi Uvwg©bv‡ji m‡½ hy³ Ki‡Z nq|
2. KZ wWwMÖ A¨vWfvÝ UvBwgs gvK© †mU Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv BwÄb †f‡` wfbœZi weavq WvUv eB n‡Z Zv
wb‡Z nq| Zvici µvsK k¨vdU& cywj‡Z I w¯’i As‡k UvBwgs gvK© kbv³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. G chv©‡q BwÄb ÷vU© w`‡q AvB‡Wwjs w¯ú‡W ivL‡Z n‡e A_©vr 600 n‡Z 800 AviwcGg G
ivL‡Z n‡e|
4. †÷v‡ev‡¯‹vwcK UvBwgs jvB‡Ui myBP Ab K‡i d¬vk‡K A_©vr Av‡jv‡K UvBwgs gv‡K©i Dci a‡i
gv‡K©i Ae¯’vb †`L‡Z n‡e|
5. hw` w¯’i wP‡ýi m‡½ wb‡`©wkZ A¨vWvfv‡Ýi wPý G Ae¯’vq GKB jvB‡b †`Lvq, Zv n‡j BMwbkb
UvBwgs wVK Av‡Q| e¨wZµg †`Lv‡jv GjvBb‡g‡›U Avbq‡bi wbwg‡Ë wWw÷ªweDUi‡K wXjv w`‡Z n‡e|
244 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-10
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. dvqvwis AW©vi Kv‡K e‡j?
2. PviwU †÷ªv‡Ki bvg †jL|
3. Pvi NvZ Bwćbi mvB‡Kj Kxfv‡e msNwUZ nq?
4. Pvi NvZ Pvi wmwjÛvi wewkó Bwćbi mvaviY dvqvwis AW©vi †jL|
5. wWw÷ªweDUi †ivUi hLb wecixZgyLx AvewZ©Z nq, ZLb dvqvwis AW©vi †Kgb nq?
6. Bwćbi m¤§yL w`K †KvbwU?
7. †Kvb w`K n‡Z Bwćbi 1bs wmwjÛvi MYbv Ki‡Z nq?
8. Qq wmwjÛvi wewkó Bwćbi dvqvwis AW©vi †jL|
9. dvqvwis AW©vi †Kb Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb?
10. dvqvwis AW©vi †mU Ki‡Z wK †R‡b †bIqv AZ¨vek¨K?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. dvqvwis AW©vi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2. BwÄb mvB‡Kj Kx?
3. K‡¤úªkb †÷ªvK cÖwZwU wmwjÛv‡ii avivevwnKZvq †Kb N‡U bv?
4. dvqvwis AW©v‡ii e¨wZµg wK cÖwZwµqv nq?
5. dvqvwis AW©vi †mU Kivi mgq BwÄb‡K Kxfv‡e †Nviv‡Z nq?
6. dvqvwis AW©vi †Kv_v †_‡K †R‡b wb‡Z nq?
7. dvqvwis AW©vi †mU Kivi mgq 1bs Uvwg©bvj Kxfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq?
8. dvqvwis AW©vi †mU Kivi ci GwU Kxiƒ‡c wbwðZ nIqv hvq?
9. †÷ªv‡ev‡¯‹vwcK jvB‡U KqwU ms‡hvM _v‡K?
10. UvBwgs gvK© KZ wWwMÖ A¨vWfvÝ GwU †Kb WvUv eB n‡Z †R‡b wb‡Z nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. dvqvwis AW©vi m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c wee„Z Ki|
2. dvqvwis AW©v‡ii D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
3. dvqvwis AW©vi †mUKiY c×wZ ms‡ÿ‡c wee„Z Ki|
4. †÷ªv‡ev‡¯‹vwcK UvBwgs †mwUs c×wZ m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
5. BMwbkb UvBwgs-Gi m¤¢ve¨ ΓwU I Zvi cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
Øv Aa¨vvq
Øv`k
†R
Rbv‡iUUi
G
Generato
or
12.11 †Rbv‡iUii cÖ‡qvRbxqZ Zv (Necessity of Geneerator)
A‡Uv
Uv‡gvwUf we`y¨r e¨e¯’vq PvwwR©s wm‡÷‡g †Rbv‡iU‡ii Ae¯’vb †`LLv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †Rbv‡iUi Mvwoi
M
we`y¨r
¨ Drcv`‡bi Drm wn‡m‡ee KvR K‡i _v‡K| _ GwU Bwwćbi wKQz hvwš¿
hv K kw³‡KK ˆe`y¨wZK kww³‡Z
iƒcvšÍ
všÍic~e©K G we`y
we ¨r Drcv`‡bbi KvRwU m¤úúbœ K‡i _v‡K
K|
12.3
3 †Rbv‡iU‡iii hš¿vsk (Parts
P of Geenerator) :
GKwU
wU †Rbv‡iU‡ii
ii gyL¨ hš¿vsk
kmg~‡ni bvg, wPÎ
w I mswÿßß weeiY wb‡P cÖ`Ë n‡jv :
K. †Rbv‡iUi nvDwRs
n : GwwU †Rbv‡iU‡iii cÖavb ewW
W wn‡m‡e KvR
R K‡i| G‡Z Z wdì K‡qj j hy³
_v‡K Ges †iivU‡ii g‡a¨ †_‡KB AvewZ
wZ©Z nq|
L. †ivUvi ev Av‡g©
A Pvi : GKwUG avZzb wbwg©
wb Z LuvPvi g‡a¨
g †jvc AvKv‡i
A Bbmy‡jj‡UW Zvi †cu
cuwP‡q
†ivUi ev Avi‡gPvi
Av ˆZwi
wi Kiv nq| GwU
G jvBb Aee †dvm©‡K evaav w`‡q ˆe`y¨wZ
wZK kw³ Drccv`b
K‡i|
†Rbv‡iUi 253
M. wdì K‡qj : my¨ AvK…wZi †jŠnL‡Êi Dci ˆe`y¨wZK Zvi †cuwP‡q K…wÎg Pz¤^K LÊ ˆZwi K‡i, GwU
†_‡K g¨vM‡bwUK jvBb Ae †dvm© mieivn Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
N. †cvjwcm : Gi Dci wdì‡K ewm‡q †Rbv‡iU‡ii ewWi m‡½ ¯Œz Øviv hy³ K‡i †`Iqv nq| G‡`i
g‡a¨ we`y¨r cÖev‡ni ci GKwU b_© I AciwU mvD_ †cv‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
O. KwgD‡UUi : Av‡g©Pvi ev †ivU‡ii GK cÖv‡šÍ G KwgD‡UUi hy³ _v‡K, hv Drcvw`Z Gwm‡K
wWwm‡Z iƒcvšÍic~e©K mieivn K‡i|
P. eªvm : KwgD‡UUi cÖv‡šÍ Kgc‡ÿ GK †Rvov w¯úª †jv‡WW eªvm _v‡K hv KwgD‡UU‡ii ms¯ú‡k©
†_‡K Av‡g©Pv‡ii Drcbœ we`y¨r evB‡i mieivn Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
Q. weqvwis eªv‡KU : KwgD‡UUi cÖv‡šÍ G eªv‡KU Aew¯’Z| GwU j¤^v †evë Øviv WªvBf cywji cÖv‡šÍi
weqvwis eªv‡K‡Ui mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| G `yB eªv‡K‡Ui weqvwis‡qi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i, Av‡g©Pvi
AvewZ©Z nq|
R. WªvBf cywj : KwgD‡UU‡ii wecixZ cÖv‡šÍi k¨vd‡Ui Dci Kx Nv‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ WªvBf cywj‡K
AveZ©‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q Av‡g©Pvi‡K †Nvivq| hš¿vsk¸‡jv‡K wehy³ Ae¯’vq †`Lv‡bv n‡jI G¸‡jv
mshy³ Ae¯’vq †_‡KB †Rbv‡iU‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv m¤úbœ K‡i|
hw` cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û AvbygvwbK `k jÿ jvBb Aem †dvm© Gfv‡e Av‡g©Pvi †jvc Øviv KZ©b Kiv hvq,
ZLb AvbygvwbK 1 †fvë Kv‡i›U Drcbœ nq| ZvB †jvc wn‡me K‡i I jvBb Ae †dv‡©mi msL¨v
wn‡m‡e K‡i A‡gv‡gvwUf †ÿ‡Î 6 ev 12 ev 24 †fvë Drcv`b Kiv n‡q _v‡K| KwgD‡UU‡ii gva¨‡g
G Drcv`b †fvë wWwm‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q mieivn nq| eo eo Gwm †Rbv‡iUiI G g~j bxwZi Dci
wfwË K‡i we`y¨r Drcv`b K‡i|
we`y¨r mieivn : †Rbv‡iU‡ii Drcvw`Z G we`y¨r Gi mieivn m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †i¸‡jUi ev KvU AvDU Øviv
wbqwš¿Z nq| cÖavbZ e¨vUvwi †fv‡ëR †Rbv‡iU‡ii wd‡ì mieivn n‡q e¨vUvwi †fv‡ëR †_‡K wKQzUv
†ewk †fv‡ëR Drcv`b K‡i| Zvici GwU cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨vUvwi‡K PvR© Ki‡Z e¨vUvwi‡Z cvVvq I Ab¨vb¨
we`y¨r eZ©bx‡ZI mieivn K‡i _v‡K, hv‡K KbwRDgvi jvBb Øviv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| e¨vUvwi PvR© n‡q
†M‡j †i¸‡jUi Drcvw`Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡i›U‡K wewfbœ eZ©bx‡Z cvVvq Ges Aewkó ewW/Avw_©s K‡i
†`q| Avevi KLbI hw` †Rbv‡iU‡ii Drcvw`Z Kv‡i›U Mvwoi ˆe`y¨wZK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Aÿg n‡q c‡o,
†m gyn‡~ Z© e¨vUvwi Kv‡i›U Drcvw`Z Kv‡i‡›Ui mv‡_ hy³ n‡q Mvwoi cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡q _v‡K|
wd½vi AvK…wZi `yBLÊ avZz wbwg©Z g¨vM‡bwUK †cvj DBwÛs‡qi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b †i‡L GKwUi wfZi
Av‡iKwU Ggbfv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i, hv‡Z GKwUi wd½vi ev KvP AciwUi wd½vi ev KvP‡K ¯úk© K‡i
bv| mshy³ve¯’vq G †ivUi, ÷vU©v‡ii ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i| †ivU‡ii GK cÖv‡šÍ WªvBf cywj Kx
Nv‡Ui jK Øviv hy³ _v‡K| Aëvi‡bU‡ii †ivUi G WªvBf cywj KZ…©K AvewZ©Z nq|
w¯øc R‡q›U †ivU‡ii k¨vd‡Ui Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ _v‡K, hvi gva¨‡g †ivU‡i e¨vUvwi †fv‡ëR cÖevn K‡i
†cjvmg~n‡K wecixZ cÖv‡šÍi K…wÎg g¨vM‡b‡U iƒcvšÍi K‡i| GwU ÷vUv©‡ii g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i ÷vU©vi I
†ivU‡ii g‡a¨ †h jvBb Aeø‡dvm© Drcbœ K‡i, Zv †ivU‡ii AveZ©‡bi d‡j cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© jÿ jÿ jvBb
Aeø‡dvm© KZ…©K evav n‡q ÷vUv©‡ii Av‡g©Pvi DBwÛs‡q we`y¨r Drcbœ n‡Z _v‡K| Avgiv Av‡MI e‡jwQ
cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û AvbygvwbK `k jÿ jvBb Ae †dvm© KvU‡Z cvi‡j cÖvq GK †fvë we`y¨r Drcv`b nq|
G wn‡m‡e Aëvi‡bUi euvav n‡j cÖ‡qvRb †gvZv‡eK 6, 12, ev 24 †fvë Drcv`b Ki‡Z mÿg nq|
wPÎ 12.6 : Aëvi‡bUi I 6-Wv‡qW †iw±dvqv‡ii †Wëv ms‡hvM| wPÎ 12.6 : Aëvi‡bUi -6 WvqW †iw±dvqv‡ii Mvgv ms‡hvM
c‡ii wPÎ `ywU‡Z jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e, we`y¨r‡K wcQ‡bi w`‡K AvewZ©Z n‡Z bv w`‡q WvqW m¤§yL
w`‡K gvÎ GKgyLx wW‡iKkb Pj‡Z w`‡q Drcvw`Z Gwm‡K I †iKwUdvqv‡ii gva¨‡g wWwm‡Z
iƒcvšÍic~e©K †i¸‡jU‡i mieivn K‡i| †Rbv‡iU‡ii mieivn c×wZ I Aëvi‡bU‡ii mieivn c×wZ
Giƒc GKB c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i| GKwU †i¸‡jUi I mieivn c×wZ I cwiPvjbv K‡i, cª_g GwU
e¨vUvwi †fv‡ëR Aëvi‡bU‡i mieivn K‡i| wØZxqZ GwU Mvwoi ˆe`y¨wZK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨
Drcvw`Z Kv‡i›U Mvwoi wewfbœ eZ©bx‡Z mieeivn K‡i I e¨vUvwi‡K PvR© K‡i| Z…ZxqZ cÖ‡qvR‡b
e¨vUvwii mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M mieivn n‡q Mvwoi ˆe`y¨wZK Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i|
256 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
12.6 †Rbv‡iU‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ΓwU I cÖwZKvi (Possible Defect and Remedy of Generator) :
m¤¢ve¨ ΓwU I ΓwUi KviY ΓwUi cÖwZKvi
1. Bwćbi MwZ e„w× Ki‡jI †Rbv‡iUi Gi
PvwR©s j¨v¤ú R¡‡jB _v‡K|
K. wXjv d¨vb †eë K. d¨vb †eë cwiwgZ UvBU K‡i †`Iqv
L. wdì mvwK©U I‡cb ev KvUv L. I‡cb mvwK©U †U÷ K‡i Zv ms‡kvab Kiv
M kU© Av‡g©Pvi/†ivUi M Av‡g©Pv‡ii MÖvDjvi †U÷ K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb
DBwÛs Kiv
N ÷vU©vi kU© N kU© mvwK©U wbY©q K‡i Zv †givgZ Kiv
O KwgD‡UUi kU© O KwgD‡UU‡ii kU© mvwK©U wbYq K‡i Zv
†givgZ Kiv
2 BwÄb P‡j A_P †Rbv‡iUi/Aëvi‡bUi KZ©„K
e¨vUvwi PvR© bv nIqv|
K †i¸‡jUi wVKg‡Zv KvR bv Kiv K †i¸‡jUi A¨vWRv÷ Kiv ev cvwiZ©b Kiv
L d¨vb †eë wXjv L d¨vb †eë cwiwgZ UvBU Kiv
M eªvm gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq nIqv M eªvm cwieZ©b Kiv
N w¯øc wis gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq nIqv N w¯øc wis cwieZ©b Kiv
O †iKwUdvqvi/KwgD‡UUi A‡K‡Rv _vKv O †iKwUdvqvi/KwgD‡UUi †U÷ K‡i †givgZ
ev cwieZ©b Kiv
3 e¨vUvwi c~Y© PvR© nIqvi ciI AviI PvR©
†fv‡ëR _vKv
K A‡K‡Rv A_ev gvÎvwZwi³ †mwUs‡q †fv‡ëR K †fv‡ëR †i¸‡jvi mwVKfv‡e †mU Kiv
†i¸‡jvi _vKv
L †i¸jvi K›Uv± c‡q›U bó n‡q hvIqv L †i¸‡jU‡ii ev KvU AvD‡Ui K›Uv± c‡q›U
cwieZ©b Kiv, bZzev c~Y©v½ †i¸‡jUi
cwieZ©b Kiv
M †i¸‡jUi Avw_©s `yej _vKv M †i¸‡jU‡ii Avw_©s Abo I mej Kiv
4 †Rbv‡iUi/Aëvi‡bUi PjvKvjxb mg‡q kã Kiv
K weqvwis gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq nIqv K weqvwis cwieZ©b Kiv
L Av‡g©Pvi/†ivUi, wdì/†÷U‡ii ms¯ú‡k© Avmv L ¯’vqx I †ivUvwi hš¿vs‡ki g‡a¨ cwiwgZ duvKv ivLv
M eªvm¸‡jv gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq nIqv M eªvm cwieZ©b Kiv
N w¯øc R‡q›U ÿq nIqv N w¯øc R‡q›U cwieZ©b Kiv
†Rbv‡iUi 257
cÖkœgvjv-12
AwZmswÿß cÖkœ :
1. Mvwoi we`y¨r Drcv`‡b Drm wn‡m‡e Kx e¨envi Kiv nq?
2. †Rbv‡iUi Kxfv‡e we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi KvRwU K‡i _v‡K?
3. †Rbv‡iUi‡K Drcvw`Z we`y¨‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i Kxfv‡e fvM Kiv hvq?
4. †Rbv‡iU‡ii cÖavb ewW wn‡m‡e †K KvR K‡i?
5. †ivUi Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv nq?
6. wdì‡K Kvi Dci ewm‡q †Rbv‡iU‡ii ewWi m‡½ hy³ Kiv nq?
7. †Rbv‡iU‡i Drcvw`Z Gwm‡K †K wWwm‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i?
8. KwgD‡UU‡ii cÖv‡šÍ Kx Aew¯’Z _v‡K?
9. KwgD‡UU‡ii cÖv‡šÍ KZwU eªvm _v‡K?
10. †Rbv‡iU‡i 1 †fvë Drcv`‡b KZwU jvBb †dvm© Av‡g©Pvi †jvc Øviv KwZ©Z nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. †Rbv‡iUi Mvwoi Kx Kx cÖ‡qvRb m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K?
2. †Rbv‡iUi‡K †iv‡UwUs hš¿vs‡ki Dci wfwË K‡i Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
3. Gwm‡K wWwm‡Z iƒcvšÍi cÖwµqvi Dci wfwË K‡i †Rbv‡iUi‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
4. e¨vUvwi ÿgZvi Dci wfwË K‡i †Rbv‡iUi‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
5. kw³i Dr‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i †Rbv‡iUi‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
6. GKwU †Rbv‡iU‡ii wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL|
7. †ivU‡ii KvR Kx?
8. eªvm-Gi KvR Kx?
9. Aëvi‡bU‡ii cÖavb `yBwU As‡ki bvg wjL|
10. Aëvi‡bU‡ii we`y¨r mieivn c×wZ †K wbqš¿Y K‡i?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. †Rbv‡iU‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
2. †Rbv‡iU‡ii cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI|
3. wPÎmn GKwU †Rbv‡iU‡ii wewfbœ eY©bv `vI|
4. †Rbv‡iU‡ii wewfbœ As‡ki eY©bv `vI|
5. †Rbv‡iU‡ii we`y¨r Drcv`b I mieivn c×wZ m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb †jL|
6. Aëvi‡bU‡ii we`y¨r Drcv`b I mieivn c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki|
7. †Rbv‡iU‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ΓwU I Zvi cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb †jL|
GK
Kv`k Aa¨
a¨vq
µvvswKs †ggvUi/†mj
jd ÷vUUvi
Crranking Motor/S
Self Statter
wP 11.1 : µvswK
wPÎ wKs
3. G Ae¯’v `~i Kivi j‡ÿ¨ I cÖhwy ³MZ DbœwZi d‡j Mvwo‡Z ÷vwU© wU©s e¨e¯’vi mss‡hvM Kiv nqq| G
÷vwU©s e¨e¯’vi
vi gyL¨ hš¿vsk
k wn‡m‡e BwÄćb e¨vUvwi I µvswKs †gvUUi ¯’vc‡bi ee¨e¯’v Kiv nqq, hv
AvRI P‡j Avm‡Q|
A G e¨ee¯’vi d‡j Pvj
vjK ¯^í cwikÖ
kÖg Ges GKKKfv‡e wbR Avvm‡b e‡m BMw Mwbkb
myBP w`‡q Gees µ¨vswKs †gvUi
† Nywi‡q Mvwoi BwÄb †h †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b
v‡ Ges †h †K †Kv‡bv Ae¯’vq Pvjy
Ki‡Z cv‡ibb|
4. G µvswKs †ggvUi BwÄb dvB d¬ ûBj nvD DwRs‡q hy³ve¯
¯’vq _v‡K| Gi
G GKgvÎ K KvR n‡jv BwÄwÄb‡K
Pvjy Kiv| G Rb¨B µvswK Ks †gvUi‡K ÷vwU©
÷ s †gvUiI ejv n‡q _v‡K K| Avi †h ˆeˆe`y¨wZK wm‡÷
÷‡gi
Øviv G µvswK
wKs/÷vwU©s †gvUUi AveZ©b K‡‡i BwÄb‡K Pvvjy Kiv nq Zv‡K
Zv ÷vwU©s wm m‡÷g e‡j|
2. mwjb‡qW UvBvBc ev wcÖ-BbbwMkb UvBcc µvswKs †gvUUi : µvswKs †gvU‡ii Dc‡‡i mwjb‡qW UvBc
U
AwZwi³ GK KwU BDwbU G‡‡Z hy³ _v‡KK| ˆe`y¨wZK cÖev‡ni mvnv‡‡h¨ A¨vUvP‡g›
g›U wMqvi‡K Ifvi
I
ivwbs Kv‡P A_ev
A wMqv‡iii mvnv‡h¨ AMÖMMvgx K‡i BwÄ wÄb‡K Pvjy K‡‡i Avevi ¯^-¯
¯’v‡b wd‡i Av‡m|
A
GwU mvaviYZZ eo I gvSvvwi ai‡bi Mvwvwo, nvjKv UªvK
v I Uªv±i e¨eüZ
e¨ nq| DDc‡iv³ `yB cÖKvi
µvswKs †gvUiiB mvaviYZ Mvwo‡Z me©vwaK
wa e¨eüZ nqq|
2. mwjb‡qW UvBc ev wcÖBMwbkb UvBc µvswKs †gvUi, hvi mvwK©‡Ui g~j hš¿vskmg~n n‡jvÑ e¨vUvwi,
BMwbkb myBP ev ÷vwU©s myBP, µvswKs †gvUi ev ÷vwUs †gvUi, mwjb‡qW BDwbU, †gvUi I
mwjb‡q‡Wi ˆe`y¨wZK ms‡hvM BZ¨vw`| wb‡P GwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
mvaviY †gvU‡ii Kvh©c×wZ : GK LÊ we`y¨r cwievnx Zvi jy‡ci b¨vq (†ivUi) K‡i, g¨vM‡bwUK
†cv‡ji ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b ivLv n‡jv| hLb we`y¨r mieivn Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ
g¨vM‡bwUK wdì †_‡K Drcbœ I cÖevwnZ jvBb Ae †dvm©‡K mij c‡_ Pj‡Z D³ ˆe`y¨wZK jycwU
evavMÖ¯— K‡i|
d‡j jycwUi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wP‡Îi Zxi wPwýZ w`‡K AvewZ©Z nIqvi cÖeYZv e„w× cvq| hw` weqvwis‡qi
Dci GwU ¯’vcb Kiv nq Zv n‡j mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GwU AvewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K| G jycwU‡K †ivUi wn‡m‡e
wPšÍv Ki‡jB mn‡RB Aby‡gq n‡e †h, cÖevwnZ ˆe`y¨wZK kw³, †ivU‡ii g‡a¨ hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ
nq|
µvswKs †gvUi/†mjd ÷vUvi 249
hw` g¨vM‡bwUK †cv‡ji ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b GKwU jy‡ci cwie‡Z© AviI AwaK msL¨K jyc ¯’vcb Kiv nq,
Zv n‡j KÛv±‡ii cÖevwnZ we`y¨r I g¨vM‡bwUK jvBb Ae †dv‡m©i g‡a¨ G evavi cwigvY jy‡ei
msL¨vbymv‡i e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| G kw³ e„w× mivmwi †ivUi‡K AveZ©bKi‡Yi kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq, hv
Avgiv †gvUi n‡Z hvwš¿K kw³ wn‡m‡e †c‡q _vwK| µvswKs †gvU‡i †h‡nZz wWwm mieivn Kiv nq,
ZvB G‡K wWwm †gvUiI e‡j| G †ivUi µvswKs †gvU‡i Av‡g©Pvi bv‡g cwiwPZ| Av‡g©Pvi k¨vd‡Ui
mv‡_ ms‡hvwRZ hvwš¿K e¨e¯’v BwÄb‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e µvswKsc~e©K ÷vU© K‡i weavq G‡K µvswKs †gvUi
ev ÷vwU©s †gvUi ejv nq|
11.5 µvswKs †gvU‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ΓwU kbv³KiY c×wZ (Detection of Possible Defect of
Cranking Motor) :
1. g¨vM‡bwUK wd‡ìi ΓwU :
(K) wdì K‡q‡j I‡cb mvwK©U _vK‡Z cv‡i ev K‡qj †K‡U wM‡q we`y¨r mieivn eÜ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
GZ g¨vM‡bwUK jvBb Ae †dvm© Drcv`b n‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges †gvUiI Nyi‡e bv| †U÷ j¨v¤ú
A_ev wgUvi Øviv I‡cb †U÷ K‡i GwU kbv³ Kiv m¤¢e|
(L) wdì K‡qj ewW ev Avw_©s n‡jI g¨vM‡bwUK jvBb Ae †dvm© Drcbœ n‡e Ges †gvUi Nyi‡e bv|
G‡ÿ‡Î A¨v‡fvwgUvi Øviv Kw›UwbDwU A_ev ewW †÷U K‡i GwU kbv³KiY Kiv m¤¢e|
2. Av‡g©Pvi ev †ivU‡i ΓwU : Av‡g©Pv‡ii jyc kU© n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Av‡g©Pv‡ii jyc kU© n‡j
†ivUi ev Av‡g©Pvi Avi Avew©ZZ n‡e bv| G k‡U©i ¯’vb kbv³Ki‡Yi Av‡g©Pvi‡K MÖvDjvi †U÷
Ki‡Z nq| G †U‡÷i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKviM‡Yi wb‡`©kbv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ|
3. KwgD‡UU‡i ΓwU : KwgDU‡ii ewW n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †U÷ j¨v¤ú ev A¨v‡fvwgUvi Øviv †U÷ K‡i
kbv³ Kiv hvq| GQvov KwgD‡UU‡i mshy³ jy‡ci gv_vI GKwUi mv‡_ AciwU kU© n‡Z cv‡i|
†U÷ j¨v¤ú Øviv GwU kbv³KiY m¤¢e|
4. hvwš¿K ΓwU : µvswKs †gvU‡ii d¬vB ûBj A¨vUvP‡g›U GKwU RwUj hvwš¿K e¨e¯’v| G‡Z †h
†Kv‡bv ΓwU Avm‡j kã Ki‡e A_ev A¨vUvP‡g›U Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡e| G Ae¯’vq hvwš¿K †givgZ
Acwinvh©| †ivU‡ii weqvwis wMÖwRs Ki‡Z nq|
250 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-11
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq BwÄb Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ wK cš’v Aej¤^b Kiv DwPZ?
2. µvswKs †gvU‡ii Ae¯’vb wee„Z Ki|
3. †ebwW· ev Bbviwmqv UvBc µvswKs †gvU‡ii KvR Kx?
4. mwjb‡qW UvBc µvswKs †gvU‡ii KvR D‡jøL Ki|
5. ¯øvBwWs Av‡g©Pvi UvBc µvswKs †gvU‡ii KvR D‡jøL Ki|
6. GKwU †ebwW· UvBc µvswKs †gvU‡ii ˆe`y¨wZK cÖevn eZ©bxi hš¿vskmg~‡ni bvg †jL|
7. GKwU mwjb‡qW UvBc µvswKs †gvU‡ii ˆe`y¨wZK cÖevn eZ©bxi hš¿vskmg~‡ni bvg †jL|
8. †gvUi n‡Z hvwš¿K kw³ Kxfv‡e †c‡q _v‡K?
9. µvswKs †gvU‡ii g¨vM‡bwUK wd‡ìi ΓwUmg~n Kx Kx?
10. µvswKs †gvU‡ii hvwš¿K ΓwU Kxiƒc n‡q _v‡K?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. µvswKs †gvU‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
2. µvswKs †gvU‡ii †kÖwY‡f` Av‡jvPbv Ki|
3. µvswKs †gvU‡ii we`y¨rcÖevn eZ©bx A¼b K‡i wewfbœ Askmg~n wPwýZ Ki|
4. µvswKs †gvU‡ii Kvh©cÖYvwj Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5. µvswKs †gvU‡ii wewfbœ ΓwU kbv³KiY c×wZ Av‡jvKcvZ Ki|
·qv`k Aa¨vq
†Rbv‡iU‡ii AvDUcyU K‡›Uªvj
Output Control of Generator
†Rbv‡iUi ev Aëvi‡bU‡ii Drcvw`Z ˆe`y¨wZK Kv‡i›U †i¸‡jUi ev KvU AvDU Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq Ges
Zvici wewfbœ wm‡÷‡g mieivn nq| GwU †hgb Mvwoi wewfbœ ˆe`y¨wZK eZ©bx‡K we`y¨r mieivn K‡i
_v‡K Avevi gvÎvwZwi³ we`y¨r mieivn cÖwZ‡iva K‡i GKwU wewfbœ ˆe`y¨wZK eZ©bxi hš¿vsk‡K iÿvI
K‡i| ZvB G‡K †Rbv‡iUi ev Aëvi‡bUi AvDUcyU K‡›Uªvj BDwbUI e‡j| GwU we`y¨r †Rbv‡iUi ev
PvwR©s wm‡÷‡gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hš¿vsk wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q| wb‡P G RvZxq †i¸‡jU‡ii wPÎ
cÖ`k©bc~e©K Gi mswÿß eY©bv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv|
K. BwÄb‡K
B ÷vU©U© Ki‡Z cÖ_gZg e¨vUvwi Kv‡i›U
K mieiivnc~e©K †i¸‡‡jU‡ii ÷vwUwUs wm‡÷g e¨¨vUvwi
†fv‡ë
‡ëR mieivnn BwÄb‡K ÷vvU© Ki‡Z cÖZ¨ÿZ f~wgKv iv‡L|
iv wØZxqZ
Z BwÄb hLb AvB‡Wwjs evv axi
MwZ‡‡Z P‡j ZLbb †Rbv‡iUi ev Aëvi‡bUUi †Kv‡bv we``y¨r Drcv`b K‡i bv| GggZve¯’vq e¨vUUvwii
msiwwÿZ Kv‡i›U Mvwoi
M wewfbœ eZ©
e bx‡Z miei
eivn n‡q Mvwo
o ˆe`y¨wZK cÖ‡qvRb
‡q wgwU‡q _v‡K|
wPÎ : 13.2
260
0 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
L. hLb
h Mvwo c~Y©Y MwZ‡Z P‡j j A_©vr Bwć‡bi MwZ e„w× cvq ZLb †Rbv‡iUi
† ev Aëvi‡bUi cy‡iv
ÿgZZvq we`y¨r Drrcv`b Ki‡Z Z _v‡K| G Drcvw`Z
D we`y`y¨r Øviv e¨vUvvwi PvR© n‡Z _v‡K Ges wewfbœ
we
ˆe`y¨wZK
¨ eZ©bx‡Z
ZI we`y¨r mieeivn K‡i _v‡K
K|
wPÎ : 13.3
M. A‡bK
A †ÿ‡Î nVvr
n K‡i Mvwo wo‡Z hLb †nnW jvBU dM jvBU I Gqvi
viKwÛkbv‡ii b¨vq AwaK we`y
w ¨r
Li‡PPi miÄvg Pvj
jy Kiv nq,
wPÎ 13.4 : †R
Rbv‡iUi I e¨vUvvwi Kv‡i›U hLb †hŠ_fv‡e ˆe`y¨wZK
w LiP †gUvqq
Ggbb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
Z †i¸‡jUi e¨vUvwi
e Kv‡i›UU‡K Drcvw`ZZ †Rbv‡iUi ev Aëvi‡bUUi Kv‡i‡›Ui m‡½
mshyy³ K‡i mieeivn K‡i| Gfv‡e
G cÖ‡qvRR‡b e¨vUvwi I †Rbv‡iUii †hŠ_fv‡e m
mgq mgq Mvwoi
M
ˆe`y¨wZK|
¨
†Rbv‡iU‡ii AvDUcyU K‡›Uªvj 261
cÖkœgvjv-13
AwZmswÿß cÖkœ :
1| †Rbv‡iUi ev AjUvi‡bU‡ii Drcvw`Z ˆe`y¨wZK Kv‡i›U Kvi Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq?
2| †Rbv‡iUi ev AiUvi‡bUi AvDUcyU K‡›Uªvj BDwbU Kv‡K e‡j?
3| PvwR©s wm‡÷‡gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© BDwb‡Ui bvg †jL|
4| †i¸‡jU‡ii gyL¨ KvR Kx?
5| †Rbv‡iUi e¨vUvwi I Ab¨vb¨ we`y¨r LiPKvix hš¿vsk †K iÿv K‡i?
6| we`y¨r mieivn I wbqš¿‡Y KqwU BDwbU _v‡K|
7| e¨vUvwi PvR© n‡q †M‡j Kxfv‡e Ifvi PvR© n‡Z iÿv cvq?
8| Kv‡i›U wi‡ji KvR Kx?
9| †Rbv‡iUi Aëvi‡bUi †Kvb w¯ú‡W we`y¨r Drcv`b K‡i bv|
10| AvBwWwjs w¯ú‡W ˆe`y¨wZK cÖ‡qvRb †K wgwU‡q _v‡K|
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| †Rbv‡iUi ev AjUvi‡bUi AvDUcyU K‡›Uªvj BDwb‡Ui KvR Kx?
2| we`y¨r mieivn I wbqš¿Y KvR¸‡jv Kx Kx BDwbU K‡i _v‡K?
3| e¨vUvwi †fv‡ëR Kxfv‡e eÈb n‡q _v‡K?
4| Bwćbi MwZ evov‡bv n‡j Kxfv‡e we`y¨r mieivn n‡q _v‡K?
5| †i¸‡jUi ev KvU AvD‡Ui KvR D‡jøL Ki|
6| nVvr we`y¨r Li‡Pi cwigvY e„w× †c‡j GwU Kxfv‡e msKzjvb Kiv nq?
7| Kv‡i›U wi‡ji KvR m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
8| Mvwo‡Z nVvr Kv‡i›U Li‡Pi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j Kxfv‡e AwZwi³ we`y¨r LiP Kiv nq?
9| ˆe`y¨wZK †Rbv‡ikb ev PvwR©s wm‡÷‡gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© As‡ki bvg Kx?
10| †fv‡ëR †i¸‡jUi Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| †Rbv‡iU‡ii AvDUcyU K‡›Uªvj m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
2| †i¸‡jUi ev K‡›Uªvj BDwbU m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
3| †fv‡ëR wbqš¿Y m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
4| Kv‡i›U wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq wee„Z Ki|
5| KvU AvD‡Ui Kvh©vewj m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
PZz
Zz`©k Aa¨¨vq
Gwm dz‡qj cv¤ú
c
A.C. Fuel Pump
Gwm
m cv¤ú †c‡Uªvjv BwÄb dz‡qj q wm‡÷‡g ev GmAvB BwÄb B dz‡qj wm‡÷‡g, wb‡ b‡Pi cÖ‡qvRbbmg~n
m¤úúbœ K‡i _v‡KK|
1| GwU
G U¨vsK †_‡_‡K †c‡Uªvj‡K K Kve©y‡iU‡ii †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i cÖ‡qvRbgZ mieivn
m K‡i|
2| GwU 6 n‡Z 8 wc.Gm. AvBB Pv‡c †c‡Uªvj‡K j mieivn K‡i K _v‡K|
3| hLb
h wW‡Wj fvj&f f †d¬vU †PP¤^v‡ii mieiivn jvBb eÜ K‡i †`q A_©_©vr hLb Kve©y‡‡iU‡i Avi †c c‡Uªvj
mieeiv‡ni cÖ‡qvR
Rb _v‡K bv, ZLbZ Wvqvd«vg PvwjZ I cv¤¤ú †c‡Uªvj miieivn Kiv n‡‡Z weiZ _v‡K K hvi
Rb¨¨ G‡K A‡Uv‡ggvwUK K‡›Uªvj cv¤ú e‡j|
4| Gwm cv¤ú †bb‡Ui †÷bvi e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gi ga¨ w`‡qq cÖevwnZ n‡Z ‡Z wM‡q †c‡UªUªv‡ji
QvKwwbi KvRwUI n‡q
n _v‡K| ZvB Z GwU †c‡Uªv‡ji
v Rb¨ wdëëvi wn‡m‡eI KvR K‡i|
5| Wvqvd«
W vg-wiUvb©b© w¯cÖs me©`v Gi
G mieivn †cÖcÖmvi wbqš¿Yc~e©eK †c‡Uªvj Kve ivn K‡i _v‡K|
ve©y‡iU‡i mieiv
Gwm
m dz‡qj cv¤ú 263
Wvqv
qvd«g: Wvqvd«g bgbxq cøvw÷Kw÷ wbwg©Z XvKbvi
X
b¨vqq GKwU hš¿vskk| Gwm cv‡¤¤úi 14.2 wP‡P‡Î Gi
Ae¯’¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| K¨vg K G‡mvw›UªK Gi
mvnvvh¨ iKvi Avvg© Øviv PvwjZjZ n‡q, cyj i‡Wi
gva¨¨‡g Wªvqvd«vg‡‡K cwiPvwjZZ K‡i| Wªvqvvd«v‡gi
evB‡‡ii cÖvšÍ, Gwm
G cv‡¤úi Dc‡ii I wb‡Pi
As‡k ki ga¨eZ©x mg‡q
m ¯Œz Øviv Gqvi UvBU Ae¯’
A vq
AvUK
UKv‡bv _v‡K| Wvqvd«vg Gwm G cv‡¤úi †P¤^v‡i
Kzqvg m„wói gva¨‡g †c‡UªUªvj‡K D³ †P¤^v‡i
f¨vKz
†U‡bb Av‡b Gess cieZ©x mgg‡q w¯cÖs †cÖ cÖmv‡ii
gva¨¨‡g †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i
v cvVvq|
wPÎ : 14.22
Bb‡j
‡jU fvj&e : G fvj&fwU Gwm wm cv¤ú †P¤^v‡i
‡ dz‡qj Bb‡‡jU jvB‡b ¯’vcb Kiv _v‡K
K| GUv ïay wb‡Pi
wb
w`‡K
K Ly‡j †P¤^v‡ii dz‡qj cÖ‡ek
k Ki‡Z mvnvnvh¨ K‡i, Aveevi cieZ©x †÷
÷ªv‡K dz‡q‡j
ji Pv‡c wbR wm‡U
e‡m †_‡K dz‡qj mieivn n‡Z Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
2644 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
AvDDU‡jU fvj&f : Gwm cv‡¤úúi mieivn jvvB‡bi GwU Aee¯’vb K‡i| GwU
G ïaygvÎ DDc‡ii w`‡K Lyj‡Z
cv‡ii| G Kvi‡Y G Bb‡jU I AvDU‡jU fvj j&fØq‡K GKg
KgyLx fvj&fI ejv
e n‡q _v‡K K| w¯cÖs †cÖmv‡ii
m
Pv‡c
c GwU hLb Dcc‡ii w`‡K †LLv‡j, ZLb †m
m c‡_ dz‡qj mieivn ev †W
Wwjfvwi n‡q hvq|
iKvi
vi Avg© wiUvb©b© w¯cÖs : GwU
wU iKvi Avg© I cv¤ú ewWii m‡½ hy³ †_‡K
† iKvi A
Avg©‡K ¯’v‡b †diZ
†d
Avm‡
m‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡‡i|
mwjb
jb‡qW e¨e¯’v : GwU GKgvvÎ we`y¨rPvwjZ
Z cv¤ú| iKv
Kvi Avg© I K¨¨v‡gi cwie‡Z©
Z© G‡Z Av‡g©Pvi
P I
g¨vMM‡bwUK K‡qj
j †_‡K cvj‡m
mkb cÖwµqvq Wvqvd«
W vg‡K cwiPvwjZ
c K‡ii|
K wPÎ : 14.4 L
wPÎ 14.4 : K. †gKvwbK¨vj Gwm
G cv‡¤úi mvK
Kmvb Ae¯’v| L. †gKvwbK¨vj
j Gwm cv‡¤úi ††Wwjfvwi Ae¯’v
L. †Wwjfvwi
† h G‡mbwUªK K¨v‡gi AvveZ©‡bi Rb¨ iKvi Av‡g©i K¨vg msjMœM cÖvšÍ wb‡Pi w`‡K
: hLb
†b‡gg Av‡m, ZLbb cyj iW Dcc‡ii w`‡K D‡VD hvq Ges †m gyn~‡Z©B Wvqvd« W vg‡K D Dc‡ii w`‡K †V‡j
†`q| G †Vjvi d‡j
d AvDU‡jUU fvj&e Zvi mxU mx n‡Z Dc‡‡i D‡V Ly‡j hvq|
h †m c‡_BB dz‡qj †Wwj
wjfvwi
A_©vr
v mieivn jvvBb w`‡q wbM©M©Z n‡q Kve©‡y iiU‡ii †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i Mgb K‡i| Gfv‡ee GK evi mvvKkb
2666 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
M. †Wwjfvwiwenx
† xb Ae¯’v : mvaviYZ
mv hLb Kve©y‡iU‡i †d¬
d¬vU †P¤^v‡ii †c‡Uªv‡ji cÖ‡‡qvRb
q nq| ZLbB
Z
†d¬vU wb‡P †b‡g hvq|
h G‡Z wb‡‡Wj fvj&f †c c‡Uªvj mieivnn jvBb Ly‡j †`q Ges Gwm wm cv¤ú mvKmmvb I
†Wwj
wjfvwi cÖwµqvqq KvR K‡i †c‡Uª
† vj mieiv ivn K‡i _v‡K| hLb †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i †c‡UªUvj v f‡i hvq, ZLb
†d¬vU Dc‡i D‡V Av‡m Ges wb‡Wjwb fvj&f †c‡Uª
† v‡ji Bb‡ b‡jU‡cvU eÜ K‡i †`q| Z ZLb cv¤ú †PP¤^v‡i
Wvqvvd«vg w¯cÖs‡qii †ewk Pv‡c †c‡Uª
† vj Ae¯’vb v Ki‡Z _v‡K K weavq w¯cÖs Avi Wvqvd«vgg‡K Dc‡i †VVj‡Z
cv‡ii bv| GgZve¯ e¯’vq iKvi Avvg© IVvbvgv Ki‡jI
Ki Wvqvd«vg
v mvKmvb Ae¯’
A v‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z _v‡K K| G
Ae¯’¯’vq †c‡Uªvj mieivn
m eÜ _v‡K|
_v Avevi hLb
h †d¬vU †P¤ P¤^v‡ii †c‡Uªvj LiP n‡q K Kg‡Z _vK‡e, ZLb
wb‡WWj fvj&f Bb‡‡jU jvBb Ly‡j w`‡e Ges cv¤úc Avevi ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqqvq mvKmb I †Wwjfvwi gvva¨‡g
†c‡UªUªvj‡K †U‡b G‡b
G mieivn Ki‡Z K _vK‡e|
¯^qswµqfv‡e
sw Gffv‡e cÖ‡qvR‡bb †c‡Uªvj mieeivn Kiv, Avevi
Av cÖ‡qvR‡bb cvw¤ús cÖwwµqv µ eÜ K‡i ivLv
hvq weavq †c‡Uªvj Bwćb e¨eü üZ G cv¤ú‡K K Gwm cv¤ú ev A‡Uv‡gvwU wUK K‡›Uªvj cv
cv¤ú e‡j| hLLb G
cv¤úú wU wW‡Rj Bwćb
B e¨eüZZ nq, ZLb Gf fv‡e ¯^qswµqqfv‡e dz‡qj mieivn
m e‡Üii cÖ‡qvRb nqq bv|
evBccvm jvBb w`‡‡q AwZwi³ dz‡qj U¨vsK †d di Av‡m|
2. ˆe`y
ˆe ¨wZK dz‡qj
q cv‡¤úi Kvh©K vcÖYvwj
mwjbb‡qW KZ…©K cwiPvjb c× ×wZ Qvov ˆe`
e`y¨wZK
dz‡qj cv‡¤úi evwwK MVb cÖwµqqv cÖvq GKB iKg|
Gi Wvqvd«
W v‡gi m‡½
m cyj i‡Wii gva¨‡g Av‡gg©Pv‡ii
ms‡hhvM _v‡K| G‡‡Z GKwU ˆe`y`y¨wZK K›Uªv± †eªKvi
c‡q›
q›U _v‡K| cÖ_gZ
_ G c‡q›U ›U hy³ _vKv Ae¯’
A vq
BMwbwbkb myBP Ab Kiv n‡j, B‡jKUªv g¨vvM‡b‡U
Py¤^Kxq
Kx Av‡ek Drcbœ
D nq| G Pz¤^Kxq Av‡ek
A
Zrÿ ÿwYK Av‡g©Pvi‡K
v AvKl©Yc~
Y e©K wb‡Pi w`‡K
Uv‡bb| d‡j Wvqvd«
d«vg wb‡Pi w`‡‡K †b‡g G‡mm cv¤ú
†P¤^v‡i
v ïb¨Zv m„ mwó K‡i| d‡j d c~‡e©i D‡jøL
Kkv‡bi b¨vq dz‡qj Bb‡jU jvB‡bi g‡aa¨ w`‡q
mvKk
cv¤úú †P¤^v‡i cÖ‡ek
‡ K‡i| Wvqvd«
W v‡gi G wbgœ
MwZ‡‡Z Wvqvd«vg w¯cÖ
w s msKzwPZ Z n‡q _v‡K| wPÎ : 14.5
Gwm dz‡qj cv¤ú 267
hLb Av‡g©Pvi Wvqvd«vg‡K wb‡q _vi wb‡Pi w`‡K Avmvi me©‡kl mxgvbvq †cuŠQvq, ZLb K›UvK †eªKvi
c‡q›U Ly‡j hvq| d‡j mwjb‡qW Aew¯’Z B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bU Zvi Pz¤^KZ¡ nvivq| ZrÿwYK Wvqvd«vg
wiUvb© w¯cÖs‡qi av°vq GwU Avevi c~e©ve¯’vq †diZ hvq| G cÖwµqv c~‡e©i D‡jøwLZ †Wwjfvwi cÖwµqvi
b¨vq dz‡q‡ji Dci †h Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i, Zv‡Z AvDU‡jU fvj&f Ly‡j wM‡q, †m c‡_ dz‡qj Kg Pv‡c
A_©vr 6 n‡Z 8 wcGmAvB‡Z mieivn n‡q _v‡K| Gfv‡e Wvqvd«v‡gi µgvMZ IVvbvgv c×wZ‡Z Gwm
cv¤úU dz‡qj mieivn K‡i _v‡K| hw` mieiv‡ni cÖ‡qARb bv nq, ZLb Wvqvd«vg Zvi wb‡Pi †÷ªv‡K
Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges K›Uv± †eªKvi c‡q›U †Lvjv _v‡K|
14.5 Gwm dz‡qj cv‡¤úi m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I cÖwZKvi (Possible defects and Remedy of AC
Fuel Pump)
m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU ÎæwUi KviY ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi
1| Wvqvd«vg IVvbvgv K‡i, K) Bb‡jU jvB‡bi ms‡hvM ¯’‡j wjK K) ms‡hvM wjK eÜKiY
wKš‘ dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn L) ewWi `yB L‡Êi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡bi L) bZzb M¨vm‡KU ¯’vcb
K‡i bv| M¨vm‡KU bó ev Av‡`Š †bB| M) fvj&f mvwf©wmsc~e©K cybte¨e¯’v
M) fvj&fØq wm‡U AvUwK‡q hvIqv ev cwieZ©bKiY
N) Wvqvd«vg dvUv ev wQ`ªhy³ N) Wvqvd«vg cwieZ©bKiY
O) wdëvi m¤ú~Y© Rvg n‡q hvIqv O) wdëvi cwi®‹vic~e©K cybt¯’vcb
2| R¡vjvwb mieivn Ach©vß K) Wvqvd¨vg wiUvb© w¯cÖs `ye©j| K) Wvqvd«vg w¯cÖs cwieZ©b KiY
L) `ye©j/AZ¨šÍ cyivZb Wvqvd«vg L) Wvqvd«vg cwieZ©bKiY
M) †÷bvi AvswkK eÜ BZ¨vw` M) †÷ªbvi cwi®‹vic~e©K cybt ¯’vcb
3| dz‡qj mieiv‡ni Pvc K) `ye©j Wvqvd«vg K) Wvqvd«vg cwieZ©bKiY
h‡_ó bq L) `ye©j Wvqvd«vg wiUvb© ¯cÖxs L) w¯cÖs cwieZ©bKiY|
M) iKvi Av‡g©i gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq M) iKvi Avg© cwieZ©b
N) †÷ªbvi AvswkK Rvg| N) †÷ªbvi cwieZ©bc~e©K cybt ms‡hvRb
4| d‡qj mieiv‡ni K) Gqvi weøwWs †nvj eÜ n‡q _vKv K) Gqvi weøwWs †nvj cwi®‹vi K‡i †`Iqv
cÖ‡qvR‡bI Wvqvd«vg DVv-bvgv L) Wvqvd«vg n‡Z cyjiW Ly‡j hvIqv L) cyj i‡Wi cybtms‡hvM †`Iqv
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| M) BwÄb ewW I cv¤ú ewWi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b M) wewb‡`wkZ gv‡ci M¨vm‡KU
wba©vwiZ M¨vm‡KU e¨envi bv Kiv| e¨envi Kiv
5| AcÖ‡qvR‡b cv¤ú dz‡qj K) wb‡Wj fvj&f Lvivc n‡q hvIqv K) wb‡Wj fvj&e cwieZ©b Kiv
mieivn Kiv n‡Z weiZ bv L) †Wwjfvwi jvB‡b wjK nIqv L) †Wwjfvwi jvBb wjK eÜKiY
nIqv M) w¯cÖs †cÖmvi †ewk, BZ¨vw` M) w¯cÖs cwieZ©b ev mxgv AcmviY BZ¨vw`|
268 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-14
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡iU‡ii †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i †c‡Uªvj Kxfv‡e mieivn nq?
2| Gwm cv¤ú Kv‡K e‡j?
3| wW‡Rj BwÄb dz‡qj wm‡÷g Gwm cv¤ú Kx wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq?
4| Gwm cv¤ú‡K wjdU cv¤ú ejvi †hŠw³KZv Kx?
5| Gwm wW cv¤ú dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi KZ Pv‡c †c‡Uªvj‡K mieivn K‡i _v‡K?
6| Gwm wW cv¤ú U¨vsK †_‡K †c‡Uªvj‡K †Kv_vq mieivn K‡i|
7| Gwm wW cv¤ú‡K A‡Uv‡gvwUf K‡›Uªvj cv¤ú †Kb ejv nq?
8| Gwm wW cv¤ú Kxfv‡e wdëvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
9| Gwm wW cv¤ú †P¤^vi Kxfv‡e †c‡Uªvj †U‡b Av‡b?
10| Gwm wW cv‡¤úi iKvi Avg©‡K †K cwiPvwjZ K‡i|
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| G wW wm cv¤ú‡K wdW cv¤ú ejvi †hŠw³KZv †`LvI|
2| Kvey©‡iU‡i †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i †c‡Uªvj mieivn I e‡Üi †KŠkj Kxfv‡e N‡U?
3| Gwm cv‡¤úi AKvh©Zv Bwćb Kx cÖwZwµqv N‡U|
4| iKvi Av‡g©i KvR D‡jøL Ki|
5| Bb‡jU fvj‡ei KvR Kx?
6| AvDU‡jU fvj&‡fi Ae¯’vb I KvR Kx?
7| Wvqvd«vg w¯cÖs Gi KvR Kx?
8| †gKvwbK¨vj dz‡qj cv‡¤úi cÖavb Amyweav Kx?
9| ˆe`y¨wZK dz‡qj cv¤ú WªvBf c×wZ wn‡m‡e Kx BDwbU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K?
10| wW‡Rj Bwćb e¨eüZ n‡j nvB †cÖmvi cv¤ú‡K wjW cv¤ú †Kb ejv nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| Gwm cv‡¤úi cÖ‡qvRbqZv D‡jøL Ki|
2| Gwm cv‡¤úi cÖavb cÖavb Ask¸‡jvi bvg †jL|
3| Wvqvd«v‡gi Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Ki|
4| Gwm cv‡¤úi cÖKvi‡f` †`LvI|
5| Gwm cv‡¤úi Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Ki|
6| Gwm dz‡qj cv‡¤úi m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I Zvi cÖwZKvi wjwce× Ki|
cÂ
Â`k Aa¨¨vq
K ©‡iUii
Kvey
Carburetor
K. GwU
G GKwU wbw` w`©ó †n‡W ¯^í cwigvY R¡vjvvwb me©`v †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i msiÿ
iÿY K‡i|
L. GwU
G R¡vjvwb‡K K †fbPzwi f¨vK
Kzqv‡gi mvnv‡‡h¨ ev®úxq Aee¯’vq A_©vr A‡UvgvB‡Rkb
A b I †fcvivB‡‡Rkb
Ae¯’
¯’vq iƒcvšÍi K‡i|
K
M. GwU
G dz‡qj‡K ev®úxq
e Ae¯’vq
v Avbvi ci evZv‡mi m‡½ ½ wgkª‡Yi m„wó K‡i|
N. G‡Z
G evZv‡mi cÖevn wbqš¿‡Yii e¨e¯’v _v‡K hv
h evZvm I d‡q‡ji
dz‡ mswgkªY ˆZwi‡Z mnvqqK f‚wgKv iv‡‡L|
O. GwU
G Mvwoi MwwZ I †jvW †f f‡` wewfbœ Aby
A cv‡Z dz‡qj j I evZvm‡K K mswgkªYc~e©K BwÄb wmwj jÛv‡i
†cÖiY K‡i _vK‡ee| G Kvi‡Y Kvey
K ©‡iUi‡K A‡bK
A †ÿ‡Î †c‡Uªvj Bwćbbi Mfb©iI ej jv n‡q _v‡K|
P. G‡Z
G mswgwkªZ Gqvi
G dz‡qj mieiv‡ni
m wbqš¿
š¿Y e¨e¯’v _v‡K
K, hv c‡ivÿfvv‡e Bwćbi MwZwZ wbqš¿Y K‡ii|
15.22 Kvey©‡iU‡iii cÖavb Ask kmg~n (Main n Parts of Carburetor)
GKwUwU Kvey©‡iU‡iii †QvU-eo wg‡j
wg A‡bK hš¿ K| Kvey‡© iUi †f‡` GB hš¿
h vskB _v‡K š¿vskmg~‡ni wKQz
wK Uv
wfbœZvI
Z i‡q‡Q| g~gj Kvh©¸‡jv m¤úbœKi‡Yii †ÿ‡Î g~j hš¿ š¿vsk¸‡jvi Ae¯’
A vb I mv`„k k¨Zvi g‡a¨ wKQz
wK Uv
wgj i‡q‡Q| wb‡PP eû cÖPwjZ wd·W †fbPzPzwi Kvey©‡iU‡iii cÖavb hš¿vskmg~
s n †`Lv‡‡bv Rb¨ cvkvvcvwk
`ywU wPÎ cÖ`vbc~e©K cÖavb hš¿vskmg~
sk ‡ni Zvwj
wjKv cÖ`vb Kiiv n‡jv|
wPÎ : 15.2
270 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
4| e¨v‡i‡ji
e msLL¨vi Dci wfwË
wË K‡i Kvey©‡iUi‡K
i wZbwU fv‡M
f fvM Kiiv hvq :
K) wm‡½j
w ev GK
KK e¨v‡ij Kveey©‡iUi
L) Wz‡qj ev Wej
j e¨v‡ij Kvey©‡iUi
‡
M) †dvi
† e¨v‡ij KveyK ©‡iUi
5| wgUvwis
w wm‡÷
÷‡gi Dci wfwwË K‡i G‡K `y`wU fv‡M fvMM Kiv hvq :
K) Gqvi
G weøwWs‡R RU UvBc Kvey©‡iUi
‡
L) wgUvwis
wg iW UvB
vBc Kvey©‡iUi
6| †PvK fvj&‡fii wbqš¿Y †f‡`` GK `ywU fv‡‡M fvM Kiv hvq
h :
K) g¨vby
g ‡qj †PvK K UvBc Kve©y‡iiUi
L) A‡Uv‡gwUK
A †PPvK UvBc Kve©e©‡y iUi|
7| †d¬vU †P¤^v‡iii Dci wfwË K‡i
K G‡K `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiiv hvq:
K. G‡mbwUª
G K †d¬vU
vU cvBc Kvey©‡iUi
‡
L) Kb‡mbwUª
K K †d¬
d¬vU UvBc Kveyey‡© iUi|
wPÎ : 15.3
2722 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
wc÷‡bi gv_vq µgvMZ †gvUv n‡Z wPKb A_©vr †Ucvi AvK…wZi wb‡Wj hy³ _v‡K, hv f¨vKzqvg †ewk
n‡j Dc‡i D‡V dz‡qj I evZvm mieiv‡ni cwigvY evovq| Avevi wb‡P bvg‡j †fbPzwii cwigvYI
Kg‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e wb‡Wj f¨vKzqvg wc÷‡bi m‡½ Dc‡i wb‡P IVvbvgv K‡i dz‡qj I Gqvi mieivn
wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K|
G‡Z f¨vKzqvg †P¤^v‡ii m‡½ †_ªvUj Kve©y‡iU‡ii †_ªvUj cÖv‡šÍi GKwU m~² AšÍtwQ‡`ªi Øviv ms‡hvM
_v‡K| G ms‡hv‡Mi d‡j f¨vKzqvg †P¤^v‡i, f¨vKzqvg Bwćbi MwZ I †jv‡Wi Dci wfwË K‡i Kg
†ewk n‡q _v‡K| G f¨vKzqv‡gi ZviZg¨RwbZ Kvi‡Y wc÷b Dc‡i wb‡P IVvbvgv K‡i, U¨vcvi
wb‡Wj‡KI Dc‡i wb‡P IVvbvgv Kivq| d‡j †d¬vU †P¤^vi n‡Z dz‡qj wewfbœ Ae¯’vq, wewfbœ gvÎvq
AvMgbc~e©K wewfbœ nv‡i Gqvi dz‡q‡ji mswgkªY ˆZwi K‡i Bwćbi Pvwn`v wgwU‡q _v‡K|
274 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-15
AwZmswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡iU‡ii Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?
2| R¡vjvwb‡K †K A‡UvgvB‡Rkb Ae¯’vq cwiYZ K‡i?
3| †fbPzwi †f‡` Kvey©‡iUi‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
4| wgUvwis wm‡÷‡gi Dci wfwË K‡i Kvey©‡iUi‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
5| †PvK fvj&f‡fi wbqš¿Y †f‡` Kvey©‡iUi‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
6| †mv‡j· Kvey©‡iUi Kv‡K e‡j?
7| Kvey©‡iUi †fbPzwi Kv‡K e‡j?
8| †fbPzwi‡Z evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM evo‡j Pvc Kg‡Z _v‡K †Kb?
9| GmBD Kvey©‡iUi Kv‡K e‡j?
10| †fbPzwii cwigvY Kg ev †ewk Kvi Dci wfwË K‡i n‡q _v‡K †Kb?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| dz‡qj‡K evZv‡mi mv‡_ mswgkªY ˆZwi Kiv nq Kx Dcv‡q?
2| Kvey©‡iUi‡K †Kb †c‡Uªvj Bwćbi Mfb©i ejv nq?
3| Kvey©‡iU‡ii wZbwU hš¿vs‡ki bvg †jL|
4| wd·W †fbPzwii AvK…wZ †f‡` Kvey©‡iUi‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
5| Bwćb Kvey©‡iUi ¯’vcbvi Dci wfwË K‡i Kx Kx f‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
6| e¨v‡i‡j msL¨vi Dci wfwË K‡i Kvey©‡iU‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
7| Kvey©‡iU‡ii †Kvb Ask‡K Gqvi nb© ejv nq?
8| wd·W †fbPzwi Kvey‡iUi ejvi †hŠw³KZv †Kv_vq?
9| ixP wgKPvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
10| jxb wgKPvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡iU‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
2| wPÎmn Kvey©‡iU‡ii cÖavb cÖavb Askmg~‡ni bvg †jL|
3| Kvey©‡iU‡ii †kªwY‡f` †`LvI|
4| wd·W †fbPzwi Kvey©‡iU‡ii Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Ki|
5| †fwi‡qej †fbPzwi Kvey©‡iU‡ii Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Ki|
†llvok Aa¨¨vq
K ‡ik
Kviey kb
Caarburatiion
16.11 Kviey‡ikbb (Carburaation):
Kvieey‡ikb Ggb GK cÖwµqv hv‡Z h Kve©‡y iUU‡ii g‡a¨ Ziij R¡vjvwb A‡UvgvB‡Rkb
A I †fcvivB‡‡Rkb
A_©vr
v ev®úxq AvKvi Av aviY K‡i
K Gqv‡ii m‡½ dz‡qj AbycvwZKfvv‡e wgkªY ˆZ Zwi K‡i| myZivs
Kve©©‡y iUi KZ…©K A‡UvgvBRW
A I †fcvivBRW W †c‡Uªvj‡K Gqv‡ii
G mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRbxq I ``nb‡hvM¨ mswswgkªY
ˆZwi
wi Kiv‡K GK K K_vq Kvieey‡ikb ejv n‡q _v‡K| Ab¨fv‡e hw` w` ejv nq ZZvn‡j ej‡Z n‡e
ÔKve©e©‡y iU‡iiÕ KvR
RB n‡”Q ÔKviiey‡ikbÕ| Kvee©y‡iU‡ii G Kviey
K ‡ikb cÖwµqvi
w mwVKZ
Zvi Dci GK Kw`‡K
†hgbb R¡vjvwb LiiP ¯^vfvweK _v‡K, Ab¨w` w`‡K BwÄb‡K K Zvi Pjvi Rb¨ h_v_© m mg‡q h_v_© kw³
Drc
cv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| K
1| †fbPz
† wi‡Z evZ Zv‡mi MwZ‡eeM e„w× cvq I Pvc †m nv‡ii K‡g|
2| †fbPzwi f¨vKzqvg,
q †d¬vU †P¤¤^vi n‡Z †c‡UªUªvj‡K mvKkvbvb cv‡¤úi b¨vvq †fbPzwi‡Z †U‡b wb‡q Avv‡m|
3| †fbPzwi‡Z AvvswkK ïb¨Zv m„
mwó nq, hv evB‡ii
e evqygÊjxi
Ê Pvc †_‡‡K gvÎvwZwi³ ³ Kg|
4| †fbPzwi f¨vKzqvg
q Gqvi dz‡q‡ji
‡ mswgkªY ˆZwi K‡i|
5| †fbPzwi f¨vKzqvg
q ev ïb¨Zvvq c‡o Zij †c‡Uªvj AYy‡Z wef³ n‡q ev®úxq AvKvii aviY K‡i hv‡K h
A‡Uv
UvgvB‡Rkb I †fcviB‡Rkbb ejv nq|
B MwZ‡f‡‡` G †fbPzwi wewfbœ Abycv‡‡Z Gqvi dz‡q‡ji
6| BwÄb q wgkªY ˆZ
Zwi K‡i|
wPÎ : 16.2
Avevi cvU©-†_ªvUj I A¨vw·jv‡iwUs Ae¯’vq mvaviYZ Mvwo 13t1 n‡Z 15t1 †iwkI‡Z Gqvi dz‡qj‡K
mswgwkªZ K‡i MvwowU cwiPvjbv K‡i| G nv‡i Gqvi dz‡qj mswgkª‡Yi †iwkI‡K wjb wgKPvi ejv n‡q
_v‡K| A_©vr hLb ¯^vfvweK nvi n‡Z Gqvi dz‡qj mswgkª‡Y evZv‡mi nvi ev fvM †ewk _v‡K Zv‡K
wjb wgKPvi e‡j| cÖ`Ë †iLvwP‡Î Bwćbi cÖ‡qvR‡b KLb †Kvb RvZxq wgKPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o Zv
†`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
16.4 Gqvi dz‡qj †iwkI-Gi wewfbœ ZviZ‡g¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (Necessity of Different Air
Fuel Ratio)
KLb Ges †Kb wewfbœ Ae¯’vq wewfbœ Gqvi dz‡qj †iwkI-Gi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o Zv wb‡P ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv
Kiv n‡jv :
K. ÷vwU©s Ae¯’v : G Ae¯’vq BwÄb I Kve©y‡iUi VvÊv _v‡K| ZvB BwÄb‡K `ªæZ ÷vU© Kivi Rb¨ Ges
ZvovZvwo BwÄb‡K IqvwK©s ZvcgvÎvq Avbvi Rb¨ wiP wgKPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| G wiP wgKPvi ˆZwi
Kivi Rb¨ †PvK fvj&f eÜ ivL‡Z nq| G Ae¯’vq wiP wgKPv‡ii mswgkª‡Yi AvbycvwZK nvi mvaviYZ
9t1 n‡Z 10t1 n‡q _v‡K|
L. A¨vw·jv‡ikb : nVvr K‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq Bwćbi MwZ e„w× Ki‡Z n‡j ev †Kv‡bv Xvjy iv¯Ívi
Dc‡i DV‡Z n‡j, Bwćb †jvW †ewk c‡o| G MwZ I †jvW e„w×i Rb¨ nVvr K‡i wiP wgKPv‡ii
cÖ‡qvRb c‡o A¨vw·wm‡ikb cv¤ú Øviv †fbPzwi‡Z G Ae¯’vq wKQz AwZwi³ dz‡qj †¯cÖ K‡i dz‡q‡ji
cwigvY evwo‡q †`Iqv nq| G mgq AvbycvwZK Gqvi dz‡qj mswgkª‡Yi nvi mvaviYZ 10t1 †_‡K
11t 1-Gi g‡a¨ _v‡K|
M. cvU© †_ªvUj : BwÄb Mvwo‡Z Zvi MwZc‡_i AwaKvsk mg‡q cvU© †_ªvUj Ae¯’vq P‡j _v‡K| cvU©
†_ªvUj A_© n‡”Q †_ªvUj fvj&f wewfbœ AvswkK Ae¯’vq †Lvjv †i‡L Bwćbi MwZ Kg-†ewk Kiv‡bv| G
Ae¯’vq Bwćbi Dci nVvr K‡i †Zgb †Kvb †jvW c‡o bv| ¯^vfvweK nv‡iB MwZ ev‡o ev K‡g|
G‡Z K‡i G Ae¯’vq Bwćbi Rb¨ wjb wgKPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Avi G wgKPv‡i evZvm I dz‡q‡ji
mswgkª‡Yi AvbycvwZK nvi n‡q _v‡K mvaviYZ 12t1 n‡Z 15t1|
N. dzj-†_ªvUj : †_ªvUj fvj&f‡K m¤ú~Y© Ly‡j A¨vw·jv‡iUi c¨v‡W‡j Pvc w`‡q Kve©y‡iU‡ii m¤ú~Y© Ly‡j
†`Iqv Ae¯’v‡K dzj †_ªvUj Ae¯’v ejv n‡q _v‡K| Bwćbi MwZ e„w× K‡i Mvwo cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡j
A_©vr 70 n‡Z 100 wK.wg. MwZ‡Z Mvwo Pvjv‡Z A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB dzj †_ªvUj Ae¯’v‡b Kve©y‡iUi‡K
ivL‡Z nq| G Ae¯’vq Lye wiP wgKPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| G Ae¯’vq Gqvi dz‡qj mswgkª‡Yi
AvbycvwZK nvi n‡q _v‡K mvaviYZ 12t1 n‡Z 13t1| Mvwo‡Z A‡bK †ÿ‡Î wbPz I Dc‡i IVv‡ZI
nVvr K‡i dzj †_ªvU‡ji cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|
278 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-16
AwZmswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡ikb cÖwµqv Kv‡K e‡j?
2| GK K_vq Kvey©‡iU‡ii KvR Kx?
3| ¯^vfvweK mswgkª‡Yi AvbycvZ KZ?
4| †fbPzwi f¨vKzqvg e‡j?
5| †fbPzwi‡Z dz‡qj Kxfv‡e cÖ‡ek K‡i?
6| Gqvi dz‡qj wgKPvi Kxfv‡e ˆZwi nq|
7| Kxfv‡e †fbPzwi f¨vKzqvg m„wó nq|
8| Gqvi dz‡qj †iwkI Kv‡K e‡j?
9| AvB‡Wwjs w¯ú‡W Bwćbi AviwcGg KZ?
10| wiP wgKPvi wKfve mieivn Kiv nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡ikb ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
2| Bwćbi R¡vjvwb LiP ¯^vfvvweK ivLvi Rb¨ Kxiƒc Kvey©‡ikb cÖ‡qvRb?
3| †fbPzwi f¨vKzqvg †Kb m„wó nq?
4| dz‡q‡ji A‡UvgvB‡Rkb Kxfv‡e m„wó nq?
5| AvB‡Wwjs w¯úW I dzj †_ªvUj Gqvi dz‡qj †iwkI KZ?
6| ÷vwU©s Ae¯’vq Gqvi dz‡qj †iwkI Kxiƒc nq?
7| cvU© †_ªvUj Ae¯’vq Gqvi dz‡q‡ji †iwkI Kxiƒc nq?
8| dzj †_ªvUj Ae¯’v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
9| A¨vw·jv‡ikb cv‡¤úi KvR Kx?
10| 70 n‡Z 100 wK.wg. MwZ‡Z Mvwo Pvjv‡Z Kvey©‡iUi‡K Kxiƒc Ae¯’vq ivL‡Z nq|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡ikb m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c wee„Z Ki|
2| Kvey©‡ikb-G †fbPzwi cÖwZwµqvRwbZ Kvi‡Y Kx Kx KvR m¤úbœ nq?
3| Gqvi dz‡qj †iwkI m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
4| Gqvi dy‡qj †iwkI-Gi wewfbœ ZviZ‡g¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
mß
ß`k Aa¨¨vq
Kve©y‡iUi
‡i mvwvwK©Um&
Carbuuretor Circuits
C
KvR
R| A‡bK mgqq wb‡Wj fvj&j&f Lvivc n‡qq †M‡j ev †d¬
dvU wQ`ª n‡q †M‡j,
† †d¬vU ††P¤^vi †_‡K dz‡qj
Dc‡‡P c‡o| G‡K
K Ifvi †d¬v †d
d¬vU ejv n‡q _v‡K|
2. AvB‡Wwjs
A evv †jv w¯úW mvwK©
m U : hLbb BwÄb Mvwo `uvov‡bv Ae¯’ ¯’vq AvbygvwbK
K 600 n‡Z 800
AviwwcGg-G P‡jj Ges A¨vw·j jv‡iwUs c¨v‡W
Wj m¤ú~Y© AvvB‡Wj _v‡K A_©vr G cv``vwb‡Z †Kv‡bvv Pvc
cÖ‡qvM
qv Kiv nq bvv, ZLb Kve©y‡iiUi 11t1 n‡ZZ 12t1 AvbycvwZK
c nv‡i evZvm
e I dz‡q‡q‡ji mswgkªY ˆZwi
K‡ii| G mswgkªY ˆZwi Ki‡Z Kve©y‡iUi †h mvwK©U e¨envii K‡i, Zv‡KK AvB‡Wwjs ev †jv w¯úW mvwK©
m U
e‡j| Gi Kvh©µg wbgœiƒc :
wPÎ : 17.2
†PvK
K fvj&e G Aee¯’vq m¤ú~Y© †Lvjv
† _v‡K Ges
G †_ªvUj fvvj&f cÖvq m¤ú~ú~Y© eÜ _v‡K| AvB‡Wwjs †cv‡U©
†
k~b¨Z
Zv m„wó nq, d‡j
d evZv‡m I dz‡qj AvB‡‡Wwjs †cv‡U©B mswgwkªZ n‡‡q BwÄb wmwj jÛv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i|
K
AvB‡‡Wwjs mvwK©U evZvm I dz‡q‡ji mswggkª‡Yi AvbycvwZK v nv‡i _v‡K
_v 10t1 n‡‡Z 12t1, hvv wiP
wgKPPvi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
c †_ªvUj
j fvj&f †Lvjjvi c~e© gynZ
~ © ch©
c šÍ A_ev Mvwoi
Mv MwZ cÖvq 40 wK.wg. Dbœ
D xZ
nIqqv ch©šÍ I AvBB‡Wwjs mvwK©U mswgkªY ˆZwwi K‡i _v‡K|
3| cvU© †_ªvUj ev nvB w¯úW
W mvwK©U : Mvwo
M hLb AvvbygvwbK NÈvqq 40 wK. wgg. Gi E‡aŸ© Pjvi
cÖ‡qvRb
qv c‡o, ZLLb A¨vw·jv‡iiU‡ii cv`vbx‡x‡Z Pvc cÖ‡qvMM K‡i, ax‡i ax‡i
a †_ªvUj f
fvj&f Lyj‡Z nq|
n
wPÎ : 17.3
Kve©©‡y iUi mvwK©Um& 281
4| dzdj †_ªvUj ev
e cvIqvi mvvwK©U : †PvK I †_ªvUj
A vq c~Y©v½ †Lvjv _vK‡e| †_ªvUj
`ywU fvj&eB G Ae¯’
fvj&
j&f GKgvÎ G mvwK©‡U c~Y©v½ †Lvjv Ae¯’
¯’vq Av‡m
weavq
vq G‡K dzj-††_ªvUj mvwK©U ejv nq| dzj-†_ª
j vUj
mvwK©
wK©U Ae¯’vq Avvm‡Z A¨vKw&mjv‡iUi
j cv`vwb
wbi Dci
†ewk
wk Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq Gees G mgq BwwÄb Zvi
c~Y© kw³ wb‡q P‡j|P ZvB G mvwK©U‡K cvIqvi
wK©UI ejv n‡q _v‡K|
mvwK©
wPÎ : 117.4
5| A¨vw·jv‡iwU
A wUs cv¤ú mvwK wK©U : G‡Z w¯
¯cÖs †jv‡WW cøvÄvi ev Wvqv
qvd«vg UvBc G
GKwU cv¤ú _v‡K|
_v
G cv¤ú
c wU †_ªvUj j wjs‡KB‡mi m‡½ hy³ †_‡‡K KvR K‡i| GRb¨ A¨vK Kwmjv‡iwUs c
cv‡¤úi m‡½ Mvwoi
M
†h cv`vwbwU
c hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K A¨vKwmjv‡iwU wUs †c‡Wj ej
jv n‡q _v‡K K| Bwćbi cÖ‡qvR‡b G mvwK©
m U
AvB‡‡Wwjs cvU©-†_ª_ªvUj I dzj †_ª
† vUj mvwK©Umg~
m ‡n ¯^í mg‡
g‡qi wbwg‡Ë dz‡qj mieivnn K‡i wiP wgK
gKPvi
ˆZwi
wi Ki‡Z mvnvhh¨ K‡i|
wPÎ : 17.5
wPÎ : 17.6
wPÎ : 17.9
17.5 Kve©‡y iU‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I cÖwZKvi (Possible Trouble and Remedy of carbureto):
wb‡P Kvey©‡iU‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU, ÎæwUi KviY I m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZKv‡ii ZvwjKv cÖ`Ë n‡jv :
m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU ÎæwUi KviYmg~n ÎæwUi m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb
1| †d¬vU †P¤^vi Ifvi d¬v‡WW K) wb‡Wj fvj&e gvÎvwZiw³ ÿq K) wb‡Wj fvj&e cwieZ©bKiY|
ev †d¬vU †P¤^vi n‡Z DcwP‡q n‡q hvIqv L) Wvqvd«vg wiUvb© w¯cÖs cwieZ©b ev
dz‡qj cov L) Wvqvd«vg wiUvb© ¯cÖxs‡qi †cÖmvi †ewk| †cÖmvi mgš^‡qi Rb¨ wmg AcmviY
M) wQ`ª hy³ †d¬vU M) †d¬vU cwieZ©b|
2| VvÊv Ae¯’vq BwÄb Pvjy bv K) †PvK-fvj&f †Lvjv _vKv| K) †PK fvj&e eÜKiY
nIqv L) †gBb b‡R‡ji dz‡qj mievn c_ L) †gBb bRj cwi®‹viKiY ev
eÜ n‡q hvIqv| Kve©y‡iUi mvwf©wmsKiY|
M) †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i †gv‡UI dz‡q‡ji M) ÎæwU gy³ Gwm cv¤ú m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqv
AvMgb bv NUv| Ges dz‡qj mieivn cÖZ¨ÿKiY|
3| BwÄb KZ…©K gvÎvwZwi³ K) fz‡j, ÷vU© †bIqvi ciI †PvK K) ÷vU© †bIqvi ciciB †PvK fvj&f
R¡vjvwb LiP nIqv fvj&f eÜ _vKv| Ly‡j †`Iqv|
L) wgUvwis iW wVKg‡Zv KvR bv Kiv| L) wgUvwis iW cwieZ©b ev mwVKfv‡e
M) mwVK AvB‡Wwjs A¨vWRv÷‡g›U bv A¨vWRv÷KiY|
_vKv| M) wbw`©ó MwZ‡Z AvB‡Wwjs †mUKiY|
N) †RUmg~‡ni wQ`ª eo n‡q hvIqv| N) Kve©y‡iUi mvwf©wms c~e©K †RU¸‡jv
cwieZ©b|
4| `ye©j A¨vw·jv‡ivkb K) cvÄve cv‡¤úi †÷ªvK Kg| K) cv¤ú †÷ªv‡Ki mgš^qKiY
L) b‡Rj ev †RU ev wQ`ª AvswkK L) Kve©y‡iUi mvwf©wmsc~e©K †RU b‡Rj
eÜ I wQ`ªmg~n cwi®‹viKiY|
M) `ye©j cv¤ú w¯cÖs M) cv¤ú ¯cÖxs cwieZ©b
5| BwÄb Mig Ae¯’vqI gv‡S K) Kve©y‡iUi bRj †RvU I wQ`ª K) Kve©y‡iUi mvwf©wmsKiY Ges
gv‡S Pvjy n‡Z Pvq bv| gqjvhy³ I AvswkK eÜ| cÖ‡qvR‡b †RU cwieZ©b
L) †PvK fvj&f cwigvYg‡Zv eÜ bv nIqv| L) †PvK fvj&f wjs‡KBj‡mi mgš^qKiY|
Kve©y‡iUi mvwK©Um& 285
cÖkœgvjv-17
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡iUi Kvi mvnvh¨ wb‡q Kvh© m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K?
2| Kv‡K Kvey©‡iU‡i R¡vjvwb wiRvf©vi wnmv‡e we‡Pbv Kiv nq?
3| †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i dz‡q‡ji AvMgb Kxiƒ‡c eÜ nq?
4| †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i dz‡q‡ji cybtAvMgb Kxiƒ‡c N‡U?
5| †d¬vU mvwK©‡Ui cÖavb KvR Kx?
6| Ifvi †d¬v‡WW †d¬vU Kv‡K e‡j?
7| Mvwo `uvov‡bv Ae¯’vq Bwćbi AvbygvwbK w¯úW KZ?
8| AvB‡Wwjs ev †jv w¯úW mvwK©U Kv‡K e‡j?
9| wiP wgKPvi Kv‡K e‡j?
10| nvB w¯úW mvwK©U Kx?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| cvU© †_ªvUj ev nvB w¯úW mvwK©‡U Mvwoi MwZ‡eM Kxiƒc _v‡K?
2| wjb wgKPv‡i Gqvi dz‡qj †iwkI KZ?
3| cvIqvi mvwK©U ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
4| A¨vw·jvwiwUs c¨v‡Wj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5| †PvK mvwK©U ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
6| Kvey©‡iUi wKUm Kx?
7| cuvPwU Kvey‡iUi wKUm-Gi bvg †jL|
8| VvÊv Ae¯’vq BwÄb Pvjy nq bv Gi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi Kx?
9| `ye©j Aw·jv‡ikb Gi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi Kx?
10| BwÄb Mig Ae¯’vqI gv‡S g‡a¨ Pvjy n‡Z Pvq bv Gi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| Kvey©‡iU‡ii mvwK©Umg~‡ni bvg wjwce× Ki|
2| Kvey©‡iU‡ii mvwK©Umg~‡ni wPÎ A¼b Ki|
3| †d¬vU mvwK©U-Gi Kvh©vewj wjL|
4| AvB‡Wwjs ev †jv w¯úW mvwK‡©Ui wPÎmn Kvh©vewj †jL|
5| cvU© †_ªvUj ev nvB w¯úW mvwK©‡Ui wPÎmn Kvh©vewj †jL|
6| dzj †_ªvUj ev cvIqvi mvwK©‡Ui wPÎmn Kvh©vewj †jL|
7| †PvK mvwK©‡Ui wPÎmn KvR †jL|
8| Kvey©‡iU‡ii wKUm& ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? GKwU Kvey©‡iUi mvwf©wms wKU‡m m¤¢ve¨ hš¿vs‡ki ZvwjKv
D‡jøL Ki|
9| Kvey©‡iU‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I Zvi cÖwZKvi wee„Z Ki|
Aóóv`k Aa¨¨vq
BwÄ
wÄb Gqvvi Bb‡UUK wm‡÷
÷g
Aiir intakee system
m of Engiine
18.11 BwÄb Gqvii Bb‡UK wm‡‡÷‡gi hš¿vsk kmg~n (Partts intake system
s of EEngine)
wb‡gœgœi gyL¨ hš¿vsk
kmg~n wb‡q Bwćbi
B Gqvii Bb‡UK wm‡‡÷g evZvm cwi‡kvabc~
c e©K Bwćb evZ
Zv‡mi
cÖevnn wbqš¿Y K‡ii _v‡K?
G wK¬bvi : Gqvi Bb‡UUK wm‡÷‡gi cÖavb I ¸iæZ
1| Gqvi Z¡c~Y© GKwU hš¿
hšvsk n‡jv Gqvi wK¬bvi| Gqvi
G
nb© ev Kve©y‡iU‡iii cÖ‡ek c‡‡_ GwU emv‡‡bv _v‡K| Avevi
A wW‡Rj
j Bwćb GwU wU mivmwi Bbb‡UK
†gwb
wb‡dv‡ìi Dcii A_ev mycvi PvR©v‡ii gv__vq emv‡bv _v‡‡K|
GwU ïay cwi‡kvaac~e©K Bwćb evZvm mieiv ivn K‡i
bv, Dc‡iv³ Bbb‡UK c‡_ Kve©y‡iUi I fvj&f
†cv‡‡U©i †kvwlZ kã k Drcv`bI I iwnZ K‡ii| GwU
QvovvI BwÄb hLbb e¨vK dvqvi K‡i, ZLb G Gqvi
wK¬bvi
bv AwMœwkLv wbe©
wb vcK ev †d¬
dg A¨v‡i÷vi wn‡m‡e
KvRR K‡i BwÄb‡‡K e¨vK dvqqviRwbZ Av¸ ¸b aiv
n‡ZZ iÿv K‡ii _v‡K| Gqvi G wK¬bvi KZ…©K
cwi‡‡kvwaZ evZvm vm me©`v BwÄ
wćbi wmwjÛvvi ÿq
mxwg
wgZ ch©v‡q iv‡LL| wPÎ : 18.1
wmwj
jÛv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek NUv‡‡bv| ¯^vfvweK K Pvc
†_‡K
K AviI AwZwi³
A Pv‡c
c wmwjÛv‡iii g‡a¨
evZvv‡mi cÖ‡ek NwU‡q
N fwjD‡gw
gwUªK Bwdwm‡qw
qwÝ e„w×
Kiv nq, hvi d‡jj Bwćbi Kg©ÿgZv
ÿ e„w× cvvq|
3. Bb‡UK †gwb wb‡dvì : GUvI
G Gqvi Bb‡UK
B
wm‡÷
÷‡gi GKwU AZxe ¸iæZ æZ¡c~Y© hš¿vsk
k cy‡iv
Bb‡U
‡UK †gwb‡dvì
ì f¨vKzqv‡gi Dci
D wbf©i K‡i K wPÎ : 18.2
BwÄbb Gqvi Bb‡UUK wm‡÷g 287
KvR
R K‡i weavq Gi ms‡hvM¯’ ¯’jg~n M¨vm‡K
KU Øviv Gqvii UvBU Kiv _v‡K|
_ Bb‡UK
K †gwb‡dvì w`‡q
Gqvii dz‡qj wgKPPvi/Gqvi BwÄ
Äb wmwjÛv‡i mieivn
m n‡q _v‡K|
_
wPÎ : 18.3
ÁvZZe¨ :
1| gyg³ n‡¯Í cÖ‡Z¨‡K
Z GKwU Gqqvi Bb‡UK wm‡÷‡giwm cÖevnn wQ`ª A¼b Ki‡Z
K n‡e|
2| Dc‡iv³
D wQ`ªwU
w GKwU GKK K wmwjÛvi weewkó Bwćbi Gqvi cÖevn wQ`ª
wQ | GKvwaK
K wmwjÛv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
†
g¨vwb
wb‡dv‡ìi †m AbyA cv‡Z GKvwvwaK ms‡hvM ivLv
i n‡e|
3| KvUv
K ¯’v‡b †c c‡Uªvj Bwćbii †ÿ‡Î Kve©y‡iUi
i Ae¯’vb K‡iK _v‡K|
4| Avevi
A KvUv ¯’v‡b †Kvb †Kvvb wW‡Rj BwÄ
wćbi †ÿ‡Î mycvi PvR©vi emv‡bv
em _v‡K|
5| †h mKj wW‡‡Rj Bwćb PvwR© P s e¨e¯’v _v‡K
_ bv, H mKj m Bwćb KvUv ¯’vbwU m mivmwi hy³ _v‡K
†Kv‡‡bv hš¿vsk emmv‡bv _v‡K bv|
cÖkœgvjv-18
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Gqvi wK¬bvi †Kv_vq emv‡bv _v‡K?
2| Gqvi wK¬bvi Kx?
3| †KvbwU Bwćbi e¨vK dvqvi iwnZ K‡i _v‡K?
4| mycvi PvR©vi ev Uv‡e©v PvR©vi Gi Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?
5| mycvi PvR©vi Kv‡K e‡j?
6| Uv‡e©v PvR©vi Kv‡K e‡j?
7| Bb‡UK †gwb‡dv‡ìi KvR Kx?
8| mycvi PvwR©s c×wZ GKgvÎ †Kvb Bwćb cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e?
9| mycvi PvwR©s c×wZ‡Z Kg©`ÿZv evov‡bvi gyL¨ KvRwU †K K‡i _v‡K?
10| mycvi PvR©viwU †Kvb †Kvb wWfvBm Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| wW‡Rj Bwćb Gqvi wK¬bvi †Kv_vq emv‡bv _v‡K?
2| Gqvi wK¬bvi Kx Kx KvR K‡i _v‡K?
3| mycvi PvR©vi ev Uv‡e©v PvR©v‡ii KvR D‡jøL Ki|
4| Bb‡UK †gwb‡dv‡ìi ms‡hvMmg~n †Kb M¨vm‡KU Øviv Gqvi UvBU Kiv _v‡K?
5| Bwćbi Kg©`ÿZv Kxfv‡e e„w× cvq?
6| GKwU WvwU© UvBc Gqvi wK¬bv‡ii wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL|
7| mycvi PvR© c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
8| mycvi PvwR©s wm‡÷g cÖavbZ Kx Kx KvR K‡i _v‡K?
9| †¯‹‡fbwRs Kx?
10| †¯‹‡fbwRs-Gi KvR¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| Gqvi Bb‡UK wm‡÷g †h †h hš¿vsk wb‡q MwVZ wPÎmn †m¸‡jvi bvg †jL|
2| Gqvi wK¬bvi Kxfv‡e Gqvi‡K wK¬b K‡i _v‡KÑ wee„Z Ki|
3| mycvi PvR©vi ev Uv‡f©v PvR©vi m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
4| Bb‡UK †gwb‡dvì m¤ú‡K© wPÎmn eY©bv `vI|
5| GKwU Gqvi Bb‡UK wm‡÷‡gi evqycÖevn wPÎ A¼b Ki|
6| mycvi PvwR©s-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
7| †¯‹‡fbwRs Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
Ebwesk Aa¨vq
BwÄb `nb wµqv
Ignition System of Engine
19.1 Gm AvB Bwćbi `nb wµqvi eY©bv (Description of S.I lEngine Ignition System)
K) Avgiv Rvwb, Aw·‡Rb wb‡R R¡‡j bv, wKš‘ Aci‡K R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †h mg¯Í †c‡Uªvwjqvg
R¡vjvwb i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv nvB‡Wªv-Kve©b K¤úvD‡Ûi mswgkªY| G nvB‡Wªv-Kve©b K¤úvDÛ R¡vjv‡Z n‡jI
Aw·‡R‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
L) ZvB nvB‡Wªv-Kve©b K¤úvDÛhy³ M¨vmwjb ev †c‡Uªvj‡K mnR‡hvM¨ `n‡b cwiYZKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨
evZvm I dz‡q‡ji †h mswgkªY Kve©y‡iUi ˆZwi K‡i, Zvi AvbycvwZK nv‡i n‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 10t1 n‡Z 15t1 ch©šÍ| A_©vr 10 n‡Z 15 fvM evZv‡mi †h cwigvY Aw·‡Rb _v‡K, Zv
GK fvM dz‡qj‡K R¡vjv‡Z mÿg| mvaviYZ Avgiv Rvwb †h, 1 wjUvi/†KwR †c‡Uªvj `n‡bi Rb¨
14/15 †KwR evZv‡mi cÖ‡qvRb| `nb‡hvM¨ evqexq evZvm I dz‡q‡ji G mswgkªY ˆZwi K‡i Kve©y‡iUi
Bb‡UK †÷ªv‡K BwÄb wmwjÛvi †cÖiY K‡i _v‡K|
L) ZvB nvB‡Wªv-Kve©b K¤úvDÛhy³ M¨vmwjb ev †c‡Uªvj‡K mnR‡hvM¨ `vn‡b cwiYZKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨
evZvmI dz‡q‡ji †h mswgkªY Kve©y‡iUi ˆZwi K‡i, Zvi AvbycvwZK nv‡i n‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 10t1 n‡Z 15t1 ch©šÍ| A_©vr 10 n‡Z 15 fvM evZv‡mi †h cwigvY Aw·‡Rb _v‡K, Zv
GK fvM dz‡qj‡K R¡vjv‡Z mÿg| mvaviYZ Avgiv Rvwb †h, 1 wjUvi/†KwR †c‡Uªvj `n‡bi Rb¨
14/15 †KwR evZv‡mi cÖ‡qvRb| `nb‡hvM¨ evqexq evZvm I dz‡q‡ji I mswgkªY ˆZwi K‡i Kve©y‡iUi
Bb‡UK †÷ªv‡K BwÄb wmwjÛv‡i †cÖiY K‡i _v‡K|
M) mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© hw` K¤^vk©b †P¤^v‡i R¡vjvwb ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqvq m¤ú~Y© `nb nq, ZLb R¡vjvwb‡Z
Aew¯’Z m¤ú~Y© Kve©b, Kve©b WvB-A·vB‡W iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| myZivs ¯^vfvweK `nb cÖwµhvi Rb¨
D‡jøwLZ ¯^vfvweK nv‡ii mswgkªY ˆZwi I mieivn nIqv AZ¨vek¨K|
wPÎ : 19.1
N) hw` Bwćbi Ab¨vb¨ mg¯Í cÖwµqv h_vh_fv‡e KvR K‡i Ges wmwjÛv‡i ¯^vfvweKfv‡e mwVK
K¤^vkb nq, Zv n‡j ¯úvK© cøvM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i, wP‡Îi b¨vq K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡ii Aci cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ
µgvMZfv‡e †cÖmvi n‡q ¯^vfvweK K¤^vkb m¤úbœ Ki‡e|
BwÄb `nb wµqv 291
O) mvaviYZ G `n‡bi MwZ cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 6-14 wgUvi n‡Z 46 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| G MwZ
cÖv_wgKfv‡e wbf©i K‡i wgkª‡Yi AbycvZ, evqexq Ae¯’v, Pvc, Zvc K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡ii wWRvB‡bi Dci|
P) `nb cÖwµqvi MwZ jÿ¨ Ki‡j mn‡RB Aby‡gq †h, gvÎ K‡qK †m.wg. `xN© K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡ii, G
MwZ GKwU ZvrÿwYK cÖwµqv, hv‡K GK K_vq K¤^vkbRwbZ we‡ùviY ejv P‡j| G `nb ev we‡ùviY
RwbZKvi‡Y K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡i nVvr K‡i Zvc I Pvc e„w× cvq| Gi d‡j Zvckw³ hvwš¿K kw³‡Z
iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q, hvIqvi †÷ªv‡K BwÄb kw³ Drcvw`Z n‡q µ¨vsK k¨vd‡Ui AveZ©b K‡i _v‡K|
19.2 wm AvB Bwćbi `nb wµqvi eY©bv (Description of Ignition system of C.I
Engine)
1. wmAvB Bwćbi A_© n‡jv K‡¤cÖkb BMwbkb BwÄb| Gm AvB Bwćbi Zzjbvq Gi Zvc, Pvc I
K‡¤cÖvkb †iwkI A‡bK †ewk| ZvB G BwÄb Gqvi dz‡qj wgKPv‡ii cwie‡Z© Bb‡UK †÷ªv‡K ïaygvÎ
evZvm‡K †kvlYc~e©K cieZ©x †÷ªv‡K K‡¤cÖmW K‡i _v‡K|
2| wW‡Rj BwÄb wmwjÛvi Af¨šÍ‡i myôz ¤^vk‡bi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ PviwU kZ© Aek¨B c~iY Ki‡Z nq:
K. R¡vjvwb m~² I ev®úxq AvKv‡i Qov‡bv (A‡UvgvB‡Rkb);
L. `ªæZ `nb wµqv m¤úbœKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë D”P ZvcgvÎv msiÿY;
M. R¡vjvwb I evZv‡mi g‡a¨ D”P †eM msiÿY;
N. evZvm I R¡vjvwbi g‡a¨ DËg wgkªY I msNl©Y|
3| DwjøwLZ kZ©mg~n h_vh_fv‡e m¤úbœKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë wmAvB Bwćbi D”P Pvc I Zv‡ci evZv‡mi
ev®úxq Ae¯’vi Dci K‡¤cÖkb †÷ªv‡Ki †kl cÖv‡šÍ Bb‡R±i/A‡UvgvBRvi KZ…©K D”P Pv‡c dz‡qj‡K
A‡UvgvBR Ae¯’vq wmwjÛvi cÖ‡Kv‡ô †¯cÖ Kiv nq| Aw·‡Rb AYyi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Ges wW‡R‡ji nvB‡Wªv
Kve©b K¤úvD‡Ûi mv‡_ msN‡l© ZvrÿwYK wmwjÛvi cÖ‡Kv‡ô Av¸b a‡i I `nb wµqv Avi¤¢ nq| G‡Z
Drcvw`Z Zvc I Pvc wc÷b‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K av°v w`‡q GmAvB Bwćbi b¨vq Zvc kw³‡K G `nb
wµqvi gva¨‡g hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iƒcvwšÍwiZ K‡i hv Avgiv wW‡Rj Bwćbi kw³ wn‡m‡e †c‡q _vwK|
4| GQvovI K‡¤cÖvkb †iwkI, wmwjÛv‡ii AvKvi, VvÊvKiY c×wZ, K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡ii AvK…wZ,
Bb‡RKkb UvBwgs K‡¤cÖkb I Bb‡RKkb †cÖmv‡ii cv_©K¨ G mKj kZ©I mwVK I m~² (Smooth)
K¤úvk‡bi c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Kg e¨vm wewkó wmwjÛv‡ii AvqZbI Kg, ZvB VvÊvKiY
cÖwµqvq GwU ZvovZvwo VvÊv n‡q hvq weavq Gi K‡¤cÖkb †iwkI Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk ivLv nq, hv‡Z
GUv †ewk DòZvq KvR K‡i `nb cÖwµqvq mvnvh¨ K‡i|
5| myôz K¤^vk‡bi Aci GKwU kZ© n‡jv evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM hv K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡i DËg wgkªY ˆZwii Rb¨
mnvqK| G Rb¨ †ewki fvM K¤^vkb †P¤^vi Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi _v‡K, hv‡Z Ave×K…Z evZvm GKwU
N~Y©vqb MwZcÖvß nq| Kg e¨vm wewkó A_P D”P MwZm¤úbœ wW‡Rj Bwćb G RvZxq D”Pgv‡bi K¤^vkb
†P¤^v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq, hv‡Z Ave×K…Z wgkªY K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡i LyeB Kg mg‡q `vwnZ n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs
GKLvbv wmAvB Bwćbi K¤úb gy³ I myôz `nb cÖwµqv G‡K h_v_© kw³ Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
2922 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
19.3
3 Bwćbi A‡‡Uv BMwbkb I wcÖ-BMwbk
kb (Auto Iggnition & Pre-Ingition
P n of Engine)
wPÎ : 19.2
1. Bwćb
B A‡Uv BMwbkb
B ev wcÖ
c-BMwbkb msNNwUZ nq, hLLb Gqvi A‡qqj mswgkªY, ¯ ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi ¯úvK©
¯
e¨wZ
Z‡i‡K Ab¨ †K Kv‡bv gva¨‡g †hgb R¡wjZ Kve©b, ZvwcZ Z GMR÷ fvj vj&f A_ev Zvv‡c jvj n‡q _vKv
¯úvK
K© cøv‡Mi ms¯¯ú‡k© R¡‡j| A_©
A vr ¯úvK© cøvM †_‡K ¯úúvK© msNwUZ nIqvi
n Av‡MBB hw` `nb cwµqv
cÖ
Avi¤¢¤¢ nq Zv‡K A‡Uv
A BMwbkbb A_ev wcÖ-BMMwbkb e‡j| GwU ¯^vfvweK K Kvi‡YB Gm mAvB BwćbBB N‡U
_v‡K
K KviY Gqvi I dz‡qj mswg wgwkªZ n‡q BwwÄb wmwjÛv‡ii cÖ‡ek K‡i _v‡K|
_
2. wcÖ-BMwbkb ev A‡Uv BMwbk k‡bi Kvi‡Y Bwćb
B A¯^vfvvweK SuvKzwb I AwbqwgZ MMwZi m„wó n‡ee| G
NUbv
bv Bwćbi K¤^¤^vkmb †P¤^v‡ii wgkªY cÖ‡e‡k
ki ci †h †Kv‡v‡bv gyn‡~ Z© NUU‡Z cv‡i| mvvaviYZ wewb‡``©wkZ
¯úvKK© cøvM e¨envi
vi bv Kivi Rb¨R Ges K¤^vkmb v †P¤^v‡i gvÎvwZwi³ Kve© K b Rgv n‡‡j wcÖ-BMwbkkb ev
A‡Uv
Uv BMwbkb msNsNwUZ n‡Z cvv‡i|
cÖkœgvjv-19
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| GmAvB Bwćbi `nb wµqv Kv‡K e‡j?
2| Bwćbi `nb wµqv Kx?
3| GmAvB Bwćbi `n‡b evZvm I dz‡q‡ji AvbycvwZK nv‡i?
4| wmAvB Bwćbi `n‡b evZvm I dz‡q‡ji AvbycvwZK nv‡i?
5| K¤^vkbRwbZ we‡ùviY Kv‡K e‡j?
6| wcÖ-BMwbkb Kv‡K e‡j?
7| wcÖ-BMwbkb dj Kx?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Bwćbi `nb wµqv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2| GmAvB Bwćbi `nb wµqv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
3| wmAvB Bwćbi `nb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
4| A‡Uv BMwbkb †Kb N‡U?
5| wcÖ-BMwbkb Kxfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq?
6| Bwćbi bK ev †W‡Uv‡bkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
7| myôz K¤^vk‡bi kZ©vejx Kx Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| GmAvB Bwćbi `nb wµqv m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
2| wmAvB Bwćbi `nb wµqv wee„Z Ki|
3| wcÖ-BMwbkb I A‡Uv BMwbkb m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
4| Bwćbi bK ev †W‡Uv‡bkb †Kb N‡U eY©bv `vI|
5| wcÖ-BMwb‡kb I A‡Uv BMwbkb NUvi KviY D‡jøL Ki|
we Aa¨vvq
wesk
B
Bwćbi GMR÷
÷ wm‡÷gg
E
Exhaust System of
o Enginne
wP
wPÎ : 20.3
20.44 GMR÷ M¨¨vm cÖev‡ni cÖwZeÜKZv :
GMR
R÷ wm‡÷g w`‡q GMR÷ ÷ M¨vm myôzfv‡e
v wbM©g‡bi Dci Bwćbbi wbwe©‡Nœ Pj
jv wbf©i K‡ii| G
GMR
R÷ M¨v‡mi cÖevn †Kv‡bv gvÎvwZwi³
g cÖwZeÜKZvi
wZ R eÜ n‡q †MM‡j BwÄbI eeÜ n‡q hv‡e|
Rb¨
K) aya‡jvevwj ev gqjvRwbZ cÖwZeÜKZv : gvÎvwZwi³ ayjvevwj ev gqjv
g Øviv hw` w` mvB‡jÝvi cvBc
c
Avswk
wkK ev cy‡ivcy
cywi eÜ n‡q hvq,
hv Zvn‡j Bwwćbi DwjøwLZ
Z mgm¨vmg~n †`Lv w`‡Z cv
cv‡i|
L) cvwb
c cÖ‡ek K‡i
K cÖwZeÜK KZv m„wó Kiiv : †h‡nZz mvB‡jÝvi
m cvB
vBc I e‡· hh‡_ó euvK i‡‡q‡Q,
myZivs
i BwÄb eÜ Ae¯’vq hw` †Kv‡bv
† Mvwoi mvB‡jÝvi cvBc
cv cvwb‡Z Wz‡e hvq, ZLbb cvwb cÖ‡ek k K‡i
H mKj
m euv‡K cvvwb Ae¯’vb K‡i|
K‡ G mKj j cvwb c‡i BwwÄb‡K Pvjy Ki‡Z
K ïay weNœNœZvB m„wó K‡ii bv,
Dciiš‘ Dc‡i D‡jø
jøwLZ Bwćbii mgm¨vmg~n †`Lv
† †`q|
M) euev‡K eÜ n‡qq cÖwZeÜKZ Zv m„wó Kiv : A‡bK †ÿ‡Î ‡Î mvB‡jÝvi cvB‡ci AMÖM ev cðvrfv‡‡M †h
†Kv‡‡bv Ask U¨vc
c †L‡q A_ev gvÎvwZwi³
g †eeu‡K wM‡q GMMR÷ M¨vm wbbMg©b eÜ K‡ii w`‡Z cv‡i| GZ
Bwć‡bi Dc‡i DwjwjøwLZ GK ev GKvwaK mgm m¨v †`Lv w`‡Z
Z cv‡i|
Dchyhy³
© cÖwZeÜKKZvmg~‡ni Rb¨R GMR÷ AMÖm‡i cÖev‡n
ev cÖwZeÜK
KZv m„wó n‡Z
Z cv‡i, Avi
vi G
cÖwZeÜKZv
Ze Bwćbbi wb‡gœi ÿwZ
wZ¸‡jv Ki‡Z
Z cv‡iÑ
1| wc÷‡bi
w Dcii e¨vK-†cÖmvii m„wó Kiv|
2| Bwćbi
B kw³ n«v« m cvIqv ev Kgkw³ Drc cv`b Kiv|
3| e¨vK
e †cÖmvi e„w× cvIqv|
4| m‡e©
m vcwi BwÄbb eÜ n‡q hvI Iqv I cybivqq ÷vU© bv †bI
Iqv|
296 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-20
AwZmswÿß cÖkœ :
1| GMR÷ wm‡÷‡gi cÖavb KvR Kx?
2| Bwćbi gvÎvwZwi³ kã †K Kgvq?
3| GMR÷ wm‡÷‡gi cÖavb myweav Kx?
4| mvB‡jÝvi e‡· †Kb e¨eüZ nq?
5| mvB‡jÝvi Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?
6| GMR÷ M¨vm‡K †Kb evi evi w`K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq?
7| GMR÷ AMÖm‡i PvcgvÎv Kxiƒc Kgv‡bv nq?
8| GMR÷ wm‡÷g Kxiƒ‡c kã cÖwZ‡iva K‡i|
9| GMR÷ M¨v‡mi cÖevn eÜ n‡j Bwćbi Dci Kx cÖfve c‡o?
10| cvwb Kxiƒ‡c GMR÷ M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| GMR÷ wm‡÷g ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2| GMR÷ wm‡÷‡gi cÖavb cÖavb Ask¸‡jvi bvg †jL|
3| GMR÷ wm‡÷‡gi hš¿vsk¸‡jv Kx Dc‡hvMx K‡i ˆZwi Kiv nq?
4| mvB‡jÝvi e·-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx?
5| GMR÷ M¨vm mvB‡jÝvi cvBc w`‡q Kxiƒ‡c †ei nq?
6| eûj e¨eüZ KqwU mvB‡jÝvi e‡·i bvg †jL|
7| GMR÷ M¨vm GMR÷ wm‡÷g w`‡q wbwe©‡Nœ †ei nIqvi Dci Bwćbi myôz Pjv wbf©i K‡i?
gZvgZmn hyw³ †`LvI|
8| GMR÷ M¨vm cÖev‡n cÖwZeÜKZv Bwćbi Kx Kx ÿwZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i?
9| GMR÷ M¨vm cÖev‡n cÖwZeÜKZv¸‡jv Kx Kx?
10| ayjvevwj ev gqjvRwbZ cÖwZeÜKZv Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| GMR÷ wm‡÷‡gi hš¿vskmg~‡ni bvg wPÎmn D‡jøL Ki|
2| mvB‡jÝvi e‡·i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`LvI|
3| mvB‡jÝvi e‡· GMR÷ M¨v‡mi cÖevn wPÎ A¼b Ki|
4| wewfbœ ai‡bi mvB‡jÝvi e· m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvKcvZ Ki|
5| GMR÷ M¨v‡mi cÖwZeÜKZv m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
GK
Kwesk Aaa¨vq
Gm
mAvB BwwÄb dz‡qj
q wm‡÷
÷g
S I Engine Fuell System
m
wPÎ : 21.1
GmA
AvB BwÄb d‡qj
dz‡ wm‡÷‡ggi hš¿vskmg~n wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
K) dz
d‡qj U¨vsK O) Bb‡UK
B g¨vwb‡d
dvì
L) Gwm
G cv¤ú P) Gqvi
G wK¬bvi
M) dz
d‡qj wdëvi Q) †PvK
† I †_ªvUj j fvj&f
N) Kve©
K y‡iUi
298 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
21.2 GmAvB dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I cÖwZKvi (Possible Trouble and their
remand S I Fuel System)
GmAvB dz‡qj wm‡÷g GKvwaK hš¿vsk I G¸‡jvi ¶z`ª ¶z`ª hš¿ ev Dcv`vbmgy‡ni m~² m~² Kv‡Ri
mgš^‡q KvR K‡i _v‡K| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e G wm‡÷‡gi gyL †h mKj ÎæwU †`Lv hvq, Zvi KviY I
cÖwZKvi mn GKwU ZvwjKv wb‡P cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv| G †ÿ‡Î KviYmg~n we‡ePbvi Rb¨ g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e
dz‡qj wm‡÷g e¨wZ‡i‡K Mvwoi Ab¨ wm‡÷gmg~n ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB KvR Ki‡Q|
ÎæwUi bvg ÎæwUi m¤¢ve¨ KviY ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi
1| BwÄb µ¨vswKs K. U¨vs‡K dz‡q‡ji ¯^íZv| K. U¨vsK wiRv‡f©i Dci ch©šÍ
n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q L. cy‡iv wm‡÷‡gi †Kv_vI wdëvi R¨vg| dz‡q‡ji gvÎv msiÿYKiY|
bv| M. cy‡iv wm‡÷‡gi †Kv_vI Gqvi †f›U L. wdëvimg~n cwi®‹vi I
eÜ| cwieZ©bKiY|
N. AKvh©Ki Gwm cv¤ú| M. Gqvi‡f븇jv wbiÿxYc~e©K
cwi®‹viKiY|
N. Gwm, cv‡¤úi Kvh©KvwiZv wbixÿY
c~e©K Zv †givgZ ev cwieZ©bKiY|
2| Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj K. Wvqvjd«vg †d«‡Uª ev wQ`ª n‡q hvIqv| K. Wvqvd«vg cwieZ©bKiY|
†kvlY I mieivn K‡i L. U¨vsK I cv¤ú ch©šÍ jvB‡b wjK| L. wjK eÜKiY|
bv| M. Gwm cv‡¤úi fvj&f wk‡U R¨vg n‡q hvIqv| M. fvj&f mvwf©wms ev cwieZ©b nIqv|
N. wiUvb© ¯cÖxs‡qi †Ubmvb bó n‡q hvIqv| N. wiUvb© w¯cÖs cwieZ©bKiY|
O. cv¤ú wdëvi m¤ú~Y© R¨vg n‡q hvIqv O. wdëvi cwi®‹viKiY|
P. cv¤ú WªvBf bv nIqv| P. cv¤ú WªvBf m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqv|
3| BwÄb VvÊve¯’vq K. †PvK fvj&e eÜ bv n‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq wiP K. †PvK fvj&e eÜ nIqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv
Pvjy n‡Z weNœZv m„wó wgKvi ˆZwi bv Kiv| L. †d¬vU †P¤^v‡ii wjK eÜ Kiv
Kiv ev wejw¤^Z L. †jvU †P¤^v‡i R¡vjvwb msiÿY bv _vKv| M. wb‡Wj fvj&f cwieZ©b|
nIqv| M. wb‡Wj fvj&f AvU‡K hvIqv| N. wnwUs jvBb †givgZKiY|
N. kxZKv‡j gvÎvwZwi³ kxZ cov wnwUs
jvBb A‡K‡Rv _vKv|
4| Ach©vß R¡vjvwb K. Wvqvd«vg `ye©j n‡q hvIqv| K. Wvqvd«vg cwieZ©bKiY|
mieivn ev Kg Pv‡c L. Wvqvd«vg wiUvb© w¯cÖs‡qi †Ubmvb K‡g L. w¯cÖs cwieZ©bKiY
R¡vjvwb mieivn| hvIqv| M. wdëvi cwi®‹vi ev cwieZ©bKiY
M. wdëvi AvswkK R¨vg nIqv| N. Gqvi wK¬bvi cwi®‹viKiY|
N. Gqvi wdëvi AvswkK R¨vg nIqv|
GmAvB BwÄb dz‡qj wm‡÷g 299
5| †d¬vU Ifvi d¬v‡WW K. wb‡Wj fvj&e gvÎvwZi³ ÿq n‡q K. wb‡Wj fvj&f cwieZ©b Kiv|
nIqv Ges R¡vjvwb Dc‡P hvIqv| L. †d¬vU cwieZ©b Kiv|
cov| L. †d¬vU wQ`ª n‡q hvIqv| M. wcfU †givgZ Kiv|
M. wcfU wVKg‡Zv KvR bv Kiv| N. wewb‡`©wkZ wiUvb© w¯cÖs e¨envi
N. Gwm cv‡¤ú wiUvb© w¯cÖs‡qi †Ubmvb Kiv|
†ewk|
6| BwÄb Pvjy Ae¯’vq K. Bwćbi K‡¤cÖvkb `ye©j K. Bwćb wc÷b wis cwieZ©b Kiv|
gvÎvwZwi³ Kv‡jv †auvqv L. fz‡j †PvK fvj&e Kz‡j bv †`Iqv| L. g‡b K‡i ÷v‡U©i ci †PvK fvj&e
wbM©gb I dz‡q‡j MÜ M. wgUvwis iW wVKg‡Zv KvR bv Kiv| Ly‡j †`Iqv|
cvIqv| N. †RU¸‡jvi wQ`ª eo n‡q hvIqv| M. wgUvwis iW cwieZ©b Kiv|
O. GqviwK¬bvi m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK R¨vg N. Kve©y‡iUi wKUm msMÖnc~e©K
nIqv| mvwf©wmsKiY|
P. A‡Uv‡gwUK †PvK fvj&f _vK‡j Zv O. Gqvi wK¬bvi cwi®‹viKiY|
KvR bv Kiv| P. A‡Uv‡gwUK †PvK cwieZ©b Kiv|
300 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-21
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| †c‡Uªvj BwÄb‡K Kx ejv nq?
2| GmAvB Bwćbi A_© wK?
3| GmAvB Bwćbi c~Y©v½ Kvh©µg Kxfv‡e msNwUZ nq?
4| GmAvB dy‡qj wm‡÷‡gi `yBwU hš¿vs‡ki bvg †jL|
5| GmAvB dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi `yBwU ÎæwUi bvg †jL|
6| BwÄb µvswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q bvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi 2wU KviY †`LvI|
7| BwÄb µvswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Qb-Giƒc 2wU cÖwZKvi †`LvI|
8| Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi 2wU KviY †jL|
9| Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi 2wU cÖwZKvi †jL|
10| GmAvB dz‡qj wm‡÷g Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| GmAvB BwÄb ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
2| GmAvB Bwćbi hš¿vskmg~‡ni ZvwjKv D‡jøL Ki|
3| GmAvB Bwćb Kx Kx ÎæwU msNwUZ nq|
4| BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q bv-Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY Kx?
5| BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q wKš‘ Pvjy n‡”Q bv Giƒc ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi Kx?
6| Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bv Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY Kx?
7| Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bv Giƒc ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi Kx?
8| BwÄb VvÊv Ae¯’vq Pvjy n‡Z weNœZv m„wó Kiv ev wejw¤^Z nIqv Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY Kx?
9| BwÄb VvÊv Ae¯’vq Pvjy n‡Z weNœZv m„wó Kiv ev wejw¤^Z nIqvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi cÖwZKvi Kx?
10| Ach©vß R¡vjvwb mieivn ev Kg Pv‡c R¡vjvwb mieivn Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| GKwU GmAvB Bwćbi dz‡qj wm‡÷‡gi cÖevn wPÎ †`LvI|
2| GmAvB dz‡qj wm‡÷‡g BwÄb µ¨vswKs n‡”Q A_P Pvjy n‡”Q bvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
3| Gwm cv¤ú dz‡qj †kvlY I mieivn K‡i bv-Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
4| BwÄb VvÊv Ae¯’vq Pvjy n‡Z weNœZv m„wó Kiv ev wejw¤^Z nIqvÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi
cÖwZKvi †jL|
5| Ach©vß R¡vjvwb mieivn ev Kg Pv‡c R¡vjvwb mieivn Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
6| †d¬vU Ifvi †d¬v nIqv Ges R¡vjvwb Dc‡P covÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
7| BwÄb Pvjy Ae¯’vq gvÎvwZwi³ Kv‡jv †auvqv wbM©gbÑ Giƒc ÎæwUi KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi †jL|
Øvwvwesk Aa¨¨vq
n †cÖmvi
nvB m dz‡qj
q cv¤úú
H Preessure Fu
High uel Pum
mp
22.11 nvB †cÖmvii dz‡qj cv¤úú (High Pressure Fueel Pump)
nvB †cÖmvi dz‡qjj cv¤ú, wW‡RRj dz‡qj wmm‡÷‡gi GKwUwU ¸iæZ¡cY~ © Dcv`vb|
D wW‡R
Rj dz‡qj wm
m‡÷g
Bb‡RRKUi I nvBB †cÖmvi cv‡¤¤úi cÖwZ‡hvwM
wMZvq D”PZvc
c I Pv‡ci msKzm wPZ I evvqygÊjxq evZ
Zv‡mi
g‡a¨¨ wW‡Rj dz‡qj‡K
q m¤ú~Y© A‡UvgvBR I †fcvivBR Ae¯’vq K‡¤¤cÖkb †÷ªv‡Kii †k‡l Kg¨vvkmb
†P¤^v‡i
v mieivn K‡i|K
wPÎ : 22.1
D‡Ëv
ËvwjZ n‡q Bb‡RKU‡i
Bb nvvB †cÖmvi d‡qj
dz‡ mieivnn K‡i| Avev evi Bb‡RKUii †¯cÖKi‡Yii ci
jvB‡‡bi Pvc K‡g †M‡j fvj&f wiUvb©
w ¯cÖxs‡qqi Pv‡c †Wwjf
fvwi fvj&e cybt
b †Wwjfvwi wwm‡U e‡m hvqq|
cÖkœgvjv-22
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| nvB †cÖmvi dz‡qj cv¤ú Kx?
2| wW‡Rj dz‡qj wm‡÷g †Kvb †Kvb cvU©‡mi mnvqZvq wmwjÛvi cÖ‡Kvô dz‡qj mieivn K‡i?
3| dxW cv¤ú †_‡K cÖwZeM© †m.wg. Pv‡c KZ †KwR dz‡qj MÖnY K‡i _v‡K?
4| nvB‡cÖmvi cv¤ú dz‡qj‡K cÖwZ eM© †m.wg. G KZ †KwR Pv‡c DbœxZ K‡i?
5| nvB †cÖmvi cv‡¤úi D”P Pv‡ci d‡j Kx N‡U?
6| cÖwZ wmwjÛv‡i mgcwigvY dz‡qj mieivn †K wbwðZ K‡i?
7| e¨v‡ij‡K Kx wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
8| †Kvb¸‡jv‡K cvw¤ús Gwj‡g›U e‡j?
9| K‡›Uªvj i¨vK Kxfv‡e A¨vKwmjv‡iwUs c¨v‡W‡ji mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K?
10| †jv †cÖmvi cv¤ú‡K Kx ejv nq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| wW‡Rj dz‡qj wm‡÷‡g Kxfv‡e wmwjÛvi cÖ‡Kv‡ô dz‡qj mieivn nq?
2| wW‡Rj dz‡qj wm‡÷g‡K Kvh©Ki ivL‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
3| nvB‡cÖmvi dz‡qj cv‡¤úi jyweª‡K›U I Kz‡j‡›Ui KvR Kxfv‡e K‡i _v‡K?
4| cv¤ú Kxfv‡e cwiwgZ dz‡qj mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i?
5| cÖwZwU Bb‡R±‡ii Rb¨ KqwU K‡i cvw¤ús Gwj‡g›U _v‡K?
6| K‡›Uªvj w¯øf Kxfv‡e K‡›Uªvj i¨v‡Ki m‡½ mshy³ _v‡K?
7| dz‡qj Kg ev †ewk mieivn Kivi Dcvq wee„Z Ki|
8| BbjvBb cv‡¤úi K‡›Uªvj i¨vK I K‡›Uªvj w¯øf Gi cÖavb KvR Kx?
9| Bb‡RKU‡i Kxfv‡e nvB †cÖmvi dz‡qj mieivn nq
10| cøvÄvi w¯cÖs Gi KvR Kx?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| nvB †cÖmvi dz‡qj cv‡¤úi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki|
2| Bb jvBb cv‡¤úi hš¿vs‡ki Kvh©c×wZ eY©bv Ki|
3| wPÎmn cøvÄvi I e¨v‡i‡ji Kvh©c×wZ eY©bv Ki|
4| wPÎmn K‡›Uªvj i¨vK I K‡›Uªvj w¯ø‡fi Kvh© c×wZ wee„Z Ki|
5| †Wwjfvwi fvj&e I fvj&e mxU-Gi wPÎmn Kvh©cÖYvwj †`LvI|
6| GKwU BbjvBb cv‡¤úi m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU I Zvi cÖwZKvi¸‡jv wee„Z Ki|
·qvwesk Aa¨vq
Mfb©‡ii Kvh©cÖYvwj
Working Principle of Governor
M) wbD‡gwUK
w Mf
fb©i (Pneum matic Goveernor) : evqyqyi Pvc ev k~b¨Zv
b Øviv †Kvv‡bv hš¿ cwiPPvwjZ
n‡j mvaviYZ G‡‡K wbD‡gwUK K Mfb©i ejv n‡q _v‡K| wbD‡gwUK Mfb©M i Bb‡UKK †gwb‡dv‡ìii evqy
k~b¨Z
Zv Øvi cwiPvwwjZ n‡q _v‡K
K| G RvZxq wbD‡gwUK Mf
fb©i BbjvBb cv‡¤ú e¨eüZ Z n‡q _v‡K| |
L. nvB‡Wª
n vwjK Mfb©
Mf ‡ii gyL¨ hš¿
h vskmg~‡nii bvg
1| cø
cvÄviØq (Plungers) 12. †ivjvi/AveZ©
† ‡ Ask (Rooler)
‡bi
2| WªvBf k¨vdU& (Drive shaaft) 13. jvBb
j wdëvi (Line Filteer)
3| e¨vKjvm
e mgšš^qK (Baekllash Adjuster) 14. UªvÝdvi cv¤ú (Transfer pump)
4| K‡›Uª
K vj wjfvii (Control lever)
l 15. †i¸‡jwUs fvj j&f w¯øf (Reegulating
5| AvB‡Wª
A wjs ÷c (Idling stop) valv
ve sleeve)
6| †f›U ¯Œz (Vennt screw) 16. †i¸‡jwUs wc÷ ÷b (Regulating piston)
7| Mfb©i w¯cÖs (Governor
( spring) 17. cÖvBwgs w¯cÖs (Priming
( spring)
8| wgUvwis
w fvj&f (Meteringg valve) 18. Bb‡RKUi
B ms‡
s‡hvM jvBb (LLine to
9| nvB‡Wª
n vwjK †nnW (Hydrallic Head) injecctors)
10| dz‡qj mieiivn jvBb (Fu uel inlet) 19. A¨vWfvÝ
A †gKKvwbRg (Advvance
11| GÛ †cøU A¨v¨v‡m¤^wj (Endd plate mechanism)
Asssembl) 20. K¨vg
K w¯cÖs (C Can spring))
Mfb©b©‡ii Kvh©cÖYvwwj 309
M. wbD‡gwUK
wb Mf
fb©‡ii hš¿vsk
kmg~‡ni bvg :
wPÎ : 23.1
1|| Gqvi wdëvii (Air filterr) 13| f¨vKzqvg †P¤¤^vi (Vaccuum chamber)
2| †fbPzwi (Veenturi) 14| Mfb©i w¯cÖs (JGovernoor spring)
3| Aw·jvwi †f fbPzwi (Auxiillary ventuury) 15| Wvqvd«vg (D
Di aphram)
4| dzj †jvW ÷c÷ (Full loaad stop) 16| A¨vU‡gvm‡ddwiK †P¤^vi (AAtmospherric
5| †fbPzwi A¨v‡m
m¤^wj (Ventuury assemblly) chaamber)
6| †_ªvUj fvj&f (Throttle valve) 17| dzj †jvW ÷c
÷ (Full loaad stop)
7| BwÄb Bb‡UK K †gwb‡dvì (Engine
( intake 18| Wvqvd«vg †P¤¤^vi (Diaphrram chmeb
ber)
maanifold) 19| dz‡qj Bb‡RRKkb cv¤ú ((Fuel injecttion
8| Pvjy I eÜK KiY be (Starrt & stop knob)
k pummp)
9| A¨vKwmjv‡iUiUi c¨vWj (AAcceleratorr 20| Wej wjfvi (Double leever)
peedal) 21| K‡›Uªvj iW (Control
( rood)
100| K‡›Uªvj wjf
fvi (Controol lever) 22| ÷c wjfvi (Stop leverr)
11| Gqvi Bb‡j jU (Air inleet)
122| Kv‡bKkb ûR û (Conneection hosee)
310 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-23
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| Mfb©i ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2| nvB‡WªvwjK Mfb©‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU¸‡jv Kx Kx?
3| Mfb©‡ii hš¿vskmg~n kbv³Ki‡Yi Dcvq wee„Z Ki|
4| hvwš¿K Mfb©‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwU¸wj Kx Kx?
5| nvB‡WªvwjK Mfb©‡ii Kvh©cÖYvwj †jL|
6| wbD‡gwUK Mfb©‡ii Kvh©cÖYvwj †jL|
7| †gKvwbK¨vj Mfb©‡ii Kvh©cÖYvwj †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| Mfb©i m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
2| Mfb©‡ii cÖKvi‡f` D‡jøL Ki|
3| Mfb©‡ii Kvh© †KŠkj ms‡ÿ‡c †jL|
4| Mfb©‡ii m¤¢ve¨ ÎæwUmg~n †jL|
5| Mfb©‡ii hš¿vskmg~‡ni bvg wjwce× Ki|
PZz
Zzwe©sk Aaa¨vq
wWw
WwcG cv¤
v¤ú
D Pum
DPA mp
wPÎ : 24.1
24.2 wWwcG cv‡¤úi Askmg~‡ni KvR (Function of the Parts of DPA Pump)
1| WªvBf k¨vd&U : UvBwgs wMqv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ BwÄb kw³ KZ…©K GwU cwiPvwjZ nq| GwU †ivUi Mfb©i
UªvÝdvi cv¤úmn wWwcG cv‡¤úi †ivUvwi cvU©mg~n B›Uvi‡gwW‡qU k¨vd‡Ui mvnvh¨ wb‡q cwiPvjbv
K‡i|
2| B›Uvi‡gwW‡qU k¨vdU : WªvBf k¨vdU-Gi †i¸‡jwUs BDwb‡Ui gvSLv‡b Gi Ae¯’vb| Ab¨vb¨
hš¿vsk‡K cwiPvjbv I cÖ‡qvR‡b wehy³Ki‡Yi myweav‡_© G k¨vdU& e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|
3| †i¸‡jwUs fvj&f : hvwš¿K Mfb©‡ii †ÿ‡Î d¬vB I‡qU GwU cwiPvjbv K‡i Avi nvB‡WªvwjK
Mfb©‡ii †ÿ‡Î UªvÝdvi cv‡¤úi dz‡q‡ji mieivn Pvc GwU cwiPvjbv K‡i Mvwoi MwZ I †jv‡Wi
Dci wfwË K‡i GwU dz‡qj mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K|
4| wWw÷ªweDUi †ivUi : Gi `ywU Ask _v‡K| cÖ_gwU cv¤ú BDwbU hv K¨vg wis Øviv `ywU cøvRvi
UvBc cv¤ú cwiPvjbv K‡i dz‡q‡ji nvB †cÖmvi DbœZ K‡i; cÿvšÍ‡i Aci AskwU wWw÷ªweDwUs BDwbU
hv AvewZ©Z n‡q dxwWs †nvj w`‡q dz‡qj MÖnYc~e©K cvw¤ús As‡k †cÖiY K‡i| †h ¯’vb †_‡K D”P
Pv‡ci dz‡qj‡K Bb‡RKUi wWw÷ªweDUi jvB‡b Ny‡i Ny‡i wWw÷ªweDU K‡i|
5| UªvÝdvi cv¤ú : GwU GKwU †ivUvwi †eøW UvBc cv¤ú| wWwcG cv‡¤úi Bb‡jU †cvU© w`‡q GwU
dz‡qj msMÖn K‡i| GwU dxW cv¤ú †cÖmvi I nvB †cÖmvi cv‡¤úi ga¨eZ©x GKwU Pvc ˆZwi K‡i hv
MwZi ZviZg¨ †f‡` 10 n‡Z 15 †KwR cÖwZ †m. wgUv‡i n‡q _v‡K| G Pvc Mfb©i‡KI cwiPvjbv
K‡i|
6| nvB‡WªvwjK A¨vWRv÷vi : GwU nvB‡WªvwjK Mfb©ihy³ wWwcG cv‡¤ú _v‡K| Bwćbi MwZ‡f‡`
GwU Bb‡Kkb UvBwgs wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K|
7| wgUvwis ev †KvqvbwUwU K‡›Uªvj fvj&f : GwU hvwš¿K Mfb©‡ii †ÿ‡Î wgUvwis iW wn‡m‡e AMÖ
cðvr Avmv-hvIqv K‡i wdW †nv‡ji dz‡qj mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i| GKBfv‡e f¨vKzqvg cv‡¤ú
Wvqvd«vg KZ…©K GwU wbqwš¿Z n‡q _v‡K| nvB‡WªvwjK Mfb©‡ii †ÿ‡Î †jv‡W w¯cÖs‡qi wecix‡Z KvR
K‡i GwU MwZ I †jv‡Wi ZviZg¨ †f‡` dz‡qj mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K|
8| Bb‡RKUi ms‡hvM jvBb : wWwcG cv‡¤ú wQ‡`ªi gva¨‡g cÖwZ Bb‡RKU‡ii Rb¨ GKwU K‡i
Bb‡RKUi ms‡hvM jvBb _v‡K| G jvBb w`‡q hLb †h Bb‡RKU‡i nvB †cÖmvi dz‡qj mieivn Ki‡Z
nq, ZLb †m Bb‡RKUi nvB †cÖmvi dz‡qj mieivn K‡i|
wWwc
cG cv¤ú 315
9| dxwWs
d jvBb : wgUvwis fvj&
j&f n‡Z wbqwš¿
wš¿Z dz‡qj G jvBb
j w`‡q nvB
vB †cÖmvi cv‡¤¤ú cÖ‡ek K‡ii|
10| Mfb©i w¯cÖs : Mfb©‡ii d¬vBI‡qU A_eev wgUvwis I †i¸‡jwUs fvj
j&f‡K c~e©ve¯’
¯’vq Avbqb K‡‡i|
11| Bb‡RKUi wWw÷ªweDUii jvBb : †iivU‡ii GK wQ`ªw AvewZ©Z n‡q hLb †h jvB‡bi A_©
A vr
Bb‡R
RKUi jvB‡bi
bi ms‡hv‡M Avv‡m ZLb H jvB‡b
j dz‡qj mieivn
m K‡i|
12| WªvBwfs ¯ú¨vBb
¯ : WªvBf
v k¨vd‡Uii gv÷vi
¯úøvBB‡bi m‡½ UvBwgs
Uv k¨vd‡UUi mv`„k¨ ¯úøúøvjvB‡bi
ms‡hhv‡Mi gva¨‡gg wWwcG cv‡¤ú
¤úi †ivUvwis cwiPvwjZ
c
nq|
13| dz‡qj cÖ‡ekkc_: G c_ w`‡q wjdU cv¤ú
c wj±
cv¤úú n‡Z wWwcG cv‡¤ú dz‡qj
j cÖ‡ek K‡i|
14| wiUvb©/e¨vK
K wj‡KR jvBb
jv : AwZwwi³ wKQz
dz‡qj ˆZjv³ I VvÊvKiY KvR
R m¤úbœ K‡ii G jvBb
wPÎ : 24.22
cybivq
i U¨vs‡K †d
diZ hvq|
mieivnKi‡Yi KvR †ivU‡ii GK AveZ©‡bB †kl Kiv n‡e| Qh wmwjÛv‡ii Qqevi ev AvU wmwjÛv‡ii
Rb¨ AvUevi GKwU gvÎ †ivU‡ii cwieZ©‡b dz‡qj ZZevi cÖ‡ek, D”P Pv‡c DbœxZ I e›UY KvR GKB
m‡½ †kl K‡i|
24. 5 BbjvBb I wWwcG cv‡¤úi Zzjbv (Difference between inline and DPA Pump)
BbjvBb cv¤ú wWwcG cv¤ú
K. Avjv`v Avjv`v wmwjÛv‡ii Rb¨ Avjv`v cv¤ú K. cÖ‡Z¨KwU wmwjÛv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU gvÎ
_v‡K| cvw¤ús BDwbU _v‡K|
L. G‡K A‡bK mg‡q BbwWwfRyqvj cv¤ú L. G‡K c~Y©v½ A‡_© wWw÷ªweD‡UW cv¤ú
BDwbUI e‡j| A¨v‡m¤^wj ejv n‡q _v‡K|
M. cÖwZwU cv‡¤úi GKwU gvÎ cvÄvi hv AMÖ M. Gi Av‡cvmW Ae¯’vq `ywU cvÄvi _v‡K hviv
cðvr MwZ‡Z K‡›Uªvj e¨vK Øviv Avc-WvDb K¨vg wis KZ…©K Abyf~wgK Ae¯’vq AMÖ-cðvr
MwZ‡Z K¨vg Øviv cwiPvwjZ| MwZ‡Z cwiPvwjZ nq|
N. Gi cÖwZwU AvDU‡j‡U GKwU K‡i †Wwjfvi N. Gi cÖwZwU AvDU‡j‡U †Kv‡bv fvj&fB _vKvi
fvj&f _v‡K| cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv|
O. G‡Z nvB‡WªvwjK Mfb©i e¨eüZ nq bv| O. G‡Z mvaviYZ wbD‡gwUK Mf©bi e¨eüZ nq
bv|
P. cÖwZwU wmwjÛv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU cv¤ú e¨envi I P. Gi GKwU gvÎ cvw¤ús BDwbU I Ab¨vb¨
cwiPvjb c×wZ _vKv‡Z GwU AvK…wZ‡Z eo I hš¿vsk AuvUmuvU Ae¯’vq euvav _v‡K ZvB GUv
IR‡b fvix| AvK…wZ‡Z †QvU I IR‡b Kg|
Q. cv‡¤úi Rb¨ Avjv`v jyKv‡q‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq| Q. wW‡Rj wb‡RB jye A‡q‡ji KvR K‡i _v‡K|
R. wmwjÛvi b¤^‡ii µg Abymv‡i nvB †cÖmvi R. dvqvwis AW©vi Abymv‡i nvB †cÖmvi
jvBbmg~‡ni ms‡hvM _v‡K wKš‘ dvqvwis AW©vi jvBbmg~‡ni ms‡hvM _v‡K|
Abymv‡i dz‡qj mieivn nq|
S. A‡cÿvK…Z eo I AwaK kw³kvjx BwÄb S. A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU I gvSvwi ai‡bi Bwćb
e¨eüZ nq| GwU e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
318 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
cÖkœgvjv-24
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| wWw÷ªweDUi †ivU‡ii Ask KZwU?
2| dxW cv‡¤ú dz‡qj mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i †K?
3| WªvBf k¨vdU Kxfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq?
4| B›UviwgwW‡qU k¨vd‡Ui Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?
5| †i¸‡jwUs fvj&f Kxfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq?
6| UªvÝdvi cv¤ú Kx Dcv‡q dz‡qj msMÖn K‡i?
7| nvBWªwjK A¨vWRv÷v‡ii KvR Kx?
8| wgUvwis ev †KvqvbwUwU K‡›Uªvj fvj&‡ei KvR Kx?
9| wdwWs jvB‡bi KvR Kx?
10| Mfb©i w¯cÖs-Gi KvR Kx?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1| wWw÷ªweDUi †ivUi Gi KvR †jL|
2| wWwcG cv‡¤úi UªvÝdvi cv‡¤úi KvR m¤ú‡K© eY©bv `vI|
3| wgUvwis ev †KvqvbwUwU K‡›Uªvj fvj&‡fi KvR m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
4| Bb‡RKUi wWw÷ªweDUi jvB‡bi g~j KvR Kx?
5| wWwcG cv‡¤úi †ivUvwi Kxfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq?
6| wjdU cv¤ú †_‡K dz‡qj Kxfv‡e wWwcG cv‡¤ú cÖ‡ek K‡i?
7| wiUvb© ev e¨vK wjs‡KR jvB‡bi KvR Kx?
8| dz‡qj Bb‡UK †cv‡U© Kxfv‡e cÖ‡ek K‡i?
9| K‡¤cÖmb †÷ªvK cvÄvi dz‡qj‡K cÖwZ eM©. †m. wgUv‡i KZ †KwR Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i|
10| wWwcG cv‡¤ú †Kb jyweª‡K›U I jyweª‡KwUs wm‡÷‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| wWwcG cv‡¤úi cÖavb cÖavb hš¿vs‡ki ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|
2| wWwcG cv‡¤úi hš¿vs‡ki KvR eY©bv Ki|
3| wWwcG cv‡¤úi Kvh©bxwZ wPÎmn eY©bv Ki|
4| BbjvBb I wWwcG cv‡¤úi cv_©K¨ †jL|
5| wWwcG cv¤ú e¨env‡ii myweavw` †jL|
cÂ
Âwesk Aaa¨vq
Bb
Bb‡RKUi
Ui/A¨v‡UUvgvBRvvi
Injecctor/Atom
mizer
Q. Bb‡RKU‡ii
B e wj‡KR jvBb
e¨vK j w`‡q jyweª weª‡K›U I Kzwjs‡qi
j KvR K‡‡i, †h dz‡qjwU
wU U¨vsK ev Bbb‡UK
jvB‡‡b †diZ Av‡m
m, Zv Dò _v‡‡K Ges †gvU dz‡q‡ji mv‡__ mswgwkªZ n‡q
‡q dz‡qj‡K Dò K‡i †Zv‡j j|
R. GwU
G dz‡qj Bb‡R±
Bb K‡i ZvB
Z †hgb G‡K ‡K Bb‡RKUii ejv nq, Avvevi G Bb‡R
RKkb A¨v‡UvggvBR
AvK
Kv‡i K‡i e‡j G‡K †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡ÎÎ A¨v‡UvgvBRvi
viI ejv nq|
K. GKK
G wQ`ª wewwkó Bb‡RKUUi : G‡K b‡R Rj mxU eiveei ev †KŠwYK
K Ae¯’vq GKwwU gvÎ wQ`ª _v‡K|
_v
GK gvÎ wQ‡`ªi Rb¨
R Gi †¯cÖ cÖ A‡bK Mfx‡‡i ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z
Q cv‡i| Gi G wQ‡`ªi e¨vvm AvbygvwbK
K 0.2
wg.wg
wg. †_‡K wKQzUv
U †ewk ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i Gees Gi e¨envii e¨vcK|
wPÎ : 25.3
L. GKvwaK
G wQ`ª wewkó Bb‡RK
RKUi : GKvwa waK wQ`ª wewkóó Bb‡RKUi b‡Rj‡K
b gvwë
ë b‡Rj Bb‡RRKUi
ejv n‡q _v‡K| b‡Rj
b fvj&f mx‡Ui
mx wb‡P G wQ`ª¸‡jv wewf Ae v‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i _v‡K| †ewk
wfbœ †KŠwYK Ae¯’
Mfxii bq A_P cÖk¯Í
k K¤^vkb †P¤¤^v‡i wP‡Îi b¨v¨vq GKvwaK wQ`ª
wQ wewkó Bb‡RRKUi e¨eüZZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
|
wPÎ : 25.4
4| wewfbœ
w AvK…wZi
Z b‡R‡ji †ff‡` Bb‡RKU‡U‡ii †kªwY‡f`` :
K. wcbUj
w b‡Rj
j Bb‡RKUi : wcÖ-K¤^vkb UvBc Gqvi †mj† ev AveZ©
Z©bxq evqyi K¤^¤^vkb †P¤^v‡iii Rb¨
we‡k
kl K‡i G RvZxq
Rv wcbUj b‡Rj
b UvBc Bb‡RKUi e¨¨eüZ nq| Gi G b‡R‡ji A AMÖfvM wcb/wc wcbUb
0
AvK… w K‡i ewa©Z Kiv _v‡K| GwU cÖvq 60 †Kv‡Y we‡ùv
KwZi ùvwiZ K‡i Bb‡‡RKkb Ki‡Z Z mÿg| G wcb wc ev
wcbUUj AvK…wZi b‡R‡ji
b‡ AvRK
Kvj A‡bK iK‡K‡gi ms¯‹iY Kiv
K n‡q‡Q|
3222 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
wPÎ : 25.5
L. wW‡j
wW Bb‡R±ii : b‡R‡j Bbb‡R±i BwÄb AvB‡Wwjs‡q gm„Y †¯cÖ NUUvq I R¡vjvwb LiP Kgvq|
wPÎ : 25.6
M. wcbUv·
w b‡Rj
Rj Bb‡RKUii : Gi cv‡k wcbUv·
w
b‡R
Rj QvovI GK KwU †KŠwYK wQ`ª
wQ i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvR‡b
GwU AwZwi³ R¡ Rvjvwb mieeivn K‡i cÖv_wgK
Ae¯’
¯’vq BwÄb‡K Pvjy
P Ki‡Z mvn vnvh¨ K‡i|
wPÎ : 25.7
Bb‡R
RKUi/A¨v‡Uvg
vgvBRvi 323
25.3
3 Bb‡RKUii/A¨v‡UvgvBRRv‡ii hš¿vskmkmg~n (Diffeerent Parts of Injecttor/Atomizzer)
GKwwU Bb‡RKUii ev A¨v‡UvgvvBRvi wbgœwjwLZ
jw cÖavb cavb
cÖ hš¿vskmgmg~‡ni mgš^‡q MwVZ :
1| wdwjs
w wcb (FFilling pin))
2| cÖ‡UKwUs (Prrotecting caap)
3| K‡¤cÖkb ¯Œz (Compress
( sion screw))
4| w¯cÖs K¨vc bvU
bv (Spring cap nut)
5| †cÖmvi A¨vWRRvw÷s w¯cÖs
(Prressure adjuusting sprinng)
6| b‡Rj
b fvj&f w¯úÛj (Nozzzle valve spindle)
7| b‡Rj K¨vc bvUb (Nozzlee cap nut)
8| b‡Rj fvj&f (Nozzle vaalve)
9| b‡Rj
b ewW (N
Nozzle boddi)
10| dz‡qj Bb‡j jU Kv‡bKkb
(Fuuel inlet connnection)
11| wjK Ad Kvv‡bKkb
(Leeak off connnection)
12| b‡Rj mxU (Nozzle
( seat)
13| Bb‡RKUi †nvj† (Injecttor hole)
wPÎ
PÎ : 25.8
14| dz‡qj mieiivn jvBb (Fuuel supplylline)
15| dz‡qj †¯cÖ (Fuel Spraay)
I ZvrÿwYK K‡i Bb‡RKkb, A¨v‡UvgvB‡Rkb I †fcvivB‡Rk‡bi KvR Z¡wiZ m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K|
†cÖmvi A¨vWRvw÷s w¯cÖs‡K Bb‡RKUi †Uw÷s wm‡U ewm‡q cwigvYg‡Zv UvBU w`‡q Bb‡RKkb †cÖmvi
†eu‡a wb‡Z nq|
cÖkœgvjv-25
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. Bb‡R±i Kx?
2. RvnvR I cvIqvi cø¨v‡›U †Kvb ai‡bi Bb‡R±i e¨eüZ nq?
3. Bb‡RKUi †÷‡gi AvK…wZ †f‡` KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
4. Bb‡RKUi‡K cÖavbZ KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq I Kx Kx?
5. b‡Rj ewW‡Z wQ‡`ªi msL¨vi Dci wfwË K‡i Bb‡RKUi KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
6. b‡Rj †f‡` Bb‡RKUi KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
7. Bb‡RKUi‡K cwiPvjb c×wZ †f‡` Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
8. GKvwaK wQ`ª wewkó Bb‡RKU †K wK ejv nq?
9. wewfbœ AvK…wZi b‡Rj †f‡` Bb‡RKU‡K Kx Kx fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
10. wW‡Rj b‡Rj Bb‡RKUi‡K AvB‡Wwjs‡q Kx myweav cvIqv hvq?
mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. Bb‡RKUi Kxfv‡e R¡vjvwb LiP Kgvq?
2. mvaviY Bb‡RKUi Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i?
3. mvaviY Bb‡RKU‡iii myweav¸‡jv †jL|
4. mvaviY Bb‡RKU‡ii Amyweav¸‡jv †jL|
5. BDwbU Bb‡RKU‡ii myweav m¤ú‡K© †jL|
6. dz‡qj Bb‡RKU‡ii Amyweav m¤ú‡K© †jL|
7. dz‡qj Kxfv‡e Bb‡RKU‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i?
8. b‡R‡ji †dBR Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv _v‡K?
9. dz‡qj Kxfv‡e Bb‡RKUi n‡Z wmwjÛv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i?
10. Bb‡RKUi b‡Rj Zvi wm‡U e‡m covi ci Kx N‡U?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wW‡Rj Bwćb Bb‡RKU‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki|
2. Bb‡RKU‡ii †kÖwYweb¨vmmn Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
3. Bb‡RKUi Kx Kx hš¿vs‡ki mgš^‡q MwVZ Zvi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|
4. Bb‡RKU‡ii Zv c×wZ eY©bv Ki|
5. BDwbU Bb‡RKU‡ii myweav I Amyweavmg~n †jL|
6. †¯‹‡fbwRs‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki|
lo
owesk Aaa¨vq
wUDe d¬¨vqvwiss c×wZ
Tube Flairing
F Process
P
26.3 3 wUDe d¬¨vqqvwis c×wZ eY© e bv (Descrription of Tube Flaiiring Proceess) :
wb‡PP wUDe d¬¨vqvwi
wis c×wZi eY©Y©bv avivevwnKKfv‡e cÖ`vb KivK n‡jv :
1. cÖ_‡g GKwU wUDe wb‡q Zv Z wUDe KvUv‡‡ii mvnv‡h¨
cwigvcg‡Zv KvU‡Z n‡e|
2. wUD‡ei †h cÖvÖ šÍmg~n‡K d¬vqvwis Ki‡ee †m¸‡jv‡K
wigvi ev wigii †eø‡Wi mvnv‡hh¨ wiwgs K‡i wb‡Z
wb n‡e|
3. d¬vqvwis Uzjm‡‡K GKwU IqvwK wK©s WvB‡m AvUUKv‡Z n‡e|
4. wUD‡ei gv_v _v‡K Gi e¨vvmv‡a©i cwigv gv‡c, Dc‡i
†i‡L G‡K wUDe
wU d¬¨vqvwiss †m‡Ui A¨vb‡ b‡f‡j ¯’vcb wPÎ : 26.4
Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. †h ms‡hv‡Mii Rb¨ d¬¨vqv qvwis Ki‡e, †m ms‡hvM
†gvZv‡eK †ggBj/wd‡gBj cÖv‡šÍi A¨vWÞ Þvi wbe©vPb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. wUD‡ei cÖv‡šÍ šÍ A¨vWvÞvi ¯’vcb Ki‡Z Z n‡e Ges
A¨vb‡fBj ZviZ wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡‡e|
7. Gevi d¬vqvwiis †m‡Ui Dc‡‡ii nvZj‡K Nwoi N KuvUvi wPÎ : 26..6
w`‡K ax‡i ax‡x‡i cuvP Nywi‡qq Pvc w`‡Z _vvK‡e|
8. G Pv‡c wUD D‡ei cÖvšÍ A¨vb‡f‡ji ga¨ †_‡K
A¨vWÞv‡ii b¨vqb AvK…wZ aviY a Ki‡e|
9. cu¨vP Nyiv‡bv m¤úbœ n‡j, Zv Avevi weecixZ w`‡K
Nywi‡q wXjv w`‡Z
w` n‡e|
10. Gevi wUDe GÛ diwgss j¶¨ Ki Ges GKB
cÖwµqvq cÖ‡qvRbxq
q msLL¨K GÛ diiwgs m¤úbœ
Ki‡Z cvi‡ee| wPÎ : 26.7
_v‡K, hviv ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ cu¨v‡Pi gva¨‡g hy³ n‡q d¬¨vqvwis Kiv wUD‡ei cÖvšÍØq‡K ms‡hvM Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i|
K. †gj GÛ : GwU cÖvšÍ Aa©e„ËvKvi AvK…wZ aviY K‡i evB‡ii w`‡K, ev‡mi w`K w`‡q wKQyUv evwo‡q
hvq| d¬vqvwis Uzj‡mi I diwgs A¨vWÞv‡ii Pv‡c I AvK…wZ aviY K‡i| ms‡hvMKv‡j GwU
GKw`‡K †hgb bvU/BDwbqb‡K AvU‡K iv‡L Avevi Aci w`‡K Gi wecixZ AvK…wZ‡Z ˆZwi Kiv
wd‡gj G‡Ûi wfZi GwU cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q G‡K `„p I wjK cÖæd Kiv nq| myZivs GÛ diwgs‡qi
mgq Aek¨B j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Gi GK cÖvšÍ †hb †gBj diwgs cÖvšÍ nq|
L. wd‡gBj GÛ : Gi GK cÖvšÍ wP‡Îi b¨vq Aa©e„ËvKvi n‡q cÖmvwiZ n‡q evB‡ii w`‡K bv G‡m
wfZ‡ii w`‡K diwgs K‡i _v‡K| G.wd‡gBj GÛ †hb wd‡gBj G‡Ûi wfZi cÖ‡ek K‡i Luv‡R
Luv‡R wg‡j †h‡Z cv‡i †m fv‡eB diwgs n‡q _v‡K| ms‡hvM¯’‡ji GKwU cÖvšÍ Aek¨B wd‡gBj
GÛ n‡q _v‡K|
cÖkœgvjv-26
AwZ msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis Kv‡K e‡j?
2. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis KZ wWwMÖ‡Z nq?
3. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis KZwU †m‡j nq?
4. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis mvaviYZ KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis miÄvgvw`i bvg †jL|
2. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †jL|
3. †gj I wd‡gj d¬¨vqvwis G‡Ûi cv_©K¨ †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis Kivi cÖYvwj D‡jøL Ki|
2. wUDe d¬¨vqvwis Kv‡ji mZK©Zvmg~n D‡jøL Ki|
mß
ßwesk Aaa¨vq
Gwwm (Gqv
qviKwÛk
kb) c×wwZ
AC ( Air-conditioon) Systeem
27.1 A‡Uv GqviiKwÛkb c×wwZ
†Kv‡‡bv GKwU wbw`
w`©ó ¯’v‡bi ZvcgvÎv
Zv I Av`ª
Av ©Zv‡K gvby‡li
‡l wbKU Avi vivg`vqK I k kvwšÍgq cwi‡‡ek|
gvby‡li
‡ ågY Aviivg`vqK Kivii Rb¨ †gvUihhvb ev Mvwo‡Z
Z GqviKwÛkwwbs Kiv nq| A_©vr †gvUihhv‡bi
wfZi
Zi Avivg`vqK K cwi‡ek m„wói
wó Rb¨ kxZvZ
Zc wbqš¿K e¨¨e¯’v‡K ÔA‡Uv‡v‡gvevBj Gqvi
viKwÛkwbsÕ e‡j|
e‡
†gvUUiMvwo ev ¯^qswµq
q hvbevn‡
n‡bi GqviKwÛ
wÛkwbs Ab¨vb¨¨ GqviKwÛkwbwbs-Gi gZB| Z‡e Gi wng ngvqb
c×wZwZ‡Z †iwd«Rv‡‡i›U wn‡m‡e k¨vdU
k †d«qb--12 (-12) e¨e
¨eüZ nq Gess K‡¤úªmi BwÄwÄb Øviv cwiPPvwjZ
nq| mvaviY Bwććbi kw³ µ¨v¨vsK k¨vdU †__‡K mivmwi wf-†eë
w I cywji gva¨‡g K
K‡¤úªmv‡i miieivn
Kiv nq| ZvB BwwÄb Øviv cwiPPvwjZ K‡¤úªmvi
m KZ…©K †iwd«
wd«Rv‡ikb mvBB‡Kj Ges †eøeøvqvi KZ…©K evZvm
e
cÖev‡‡ni mgš^‡q Mvwo
M kxZvZc wbqš¿Y Z_v GqviKwÛkwbs
G s nq|
D‡jø
jL¨ A‡Uv‡gvevvBj GqviKwÛ wÛkwbs-Gi †iiwd«Rv‡ikb BDwb‡Ui
B cwiPPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖvBggyfvi wnn‡m‡e
BwÄbb e¨eüZ nq| ZvB Bwćbi bi AviwcGg cwieZ©
c ‡bi mvv‡_ mv‡_ K‡¤¤úªmª ‡ii MwZ IIVvbvgv K‡i| hvi
Rb¨¨ †iwd«Rv‡ikbb cÖwµqv wKQzQ wewNœZ nq| GB Amyweav †ivaK‡í eZ©©gv‡b Mvwo‡Z _v‡g©v‡÷wUK myBP
wš¿Z g¨vM‡bwU
wbqwš wUK K¬vP-Gi gva¨‡g K‡¤úªúªm‡ii KvR wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| gvbemf f¨Zvi µgweKeKv‡k
DbœZZi
Z I Avivgg`vqK Rxeb e¨e¯’ e vq GqviiKwÛkwbs-Gii Ae`vb Ab¯^ ¯^xKvh©| g~jZ Avivg`vqK ågY,
å
†ivMx
Mx enb, `ªæZ KuKvPvgvj Lv`¨¨mvgMªx enb, g~j¨evb IlyacÎ,
a ivmvqwbbK c`v_©, B‡j j±ªwb· I mvggwiK
wRwb
wbmcÎ wbqwš¿Z ZvcgvÎvq ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kivi K Rb¨ A‡‡Uv‡gvevBj GqviKwÛkwbs
G s-Gi weKí †bB|†
KviYY ZvcgvÎv mseiY
m K‡i G mg¯Í `ªe¨, DcKiY,
D mvgMÖMÖx GK ¯’vb †_‡K
† Ab¨ ¯’v‡‡b wb‡Z bv cvi‡j
c
A_©‰bwZK
‰ Dbœq‡bb eo iK‡gi evavi
e m„wó n‡Z
Zv|
3322 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
Z`ycwi
c evjyKvgq giæf~wg, cvnnvwo GjvKvi `yM©g c_ cvwvwo w`‡ZI A‡‡Uv‡gvevB‡j GqviKwÛkwbs-Gi
¸iæZ
Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxxqZv Acwimxgg|
27.22 GqviKwÛk
kwbs c×wZi hš¿
h vsk :
3. wiwmfvi
wi I wd
dëvi : A‡Uv‡ggvevBj Gwm‡Z
ZI wdëvi GK KB mv‡_ mwbœ‡ewkZ
‡ _v‡K| mwVK PvR© Ae¯’
Ae vq
wiwmf
mfvi †_‡K G··cvbkb fvj&j&f ch©šÍ Zij
j †iwd«Rv‡i›UU Øviv c~Y© _vv‡K| wdëvi `ªe¨ QuvKwb K‡i|
K
wiwmf
mfvi AwZwi³ †iwd«Rv‡i›U Rgv
R iv‡L| GwU
wU Kb‡Wbmv‡ii
ii cvkvcvwk A_©
A vr Mvwoi m¤¤§yL fv‡M _v‡K
K|
4. †iwd«
† Rv‡i›U K‡›Uª
K vj : GLLv‡b A‡Uv‡gveevBj
G·c cbkb fvj&f e¨envi Kiv nq| GwU
Bfv‡‡cv‡iU‡ii Bb‡jU
B mvB‡W
W emv‡bv _vv‡K|
G‡Z
Z †mbwmej fvj&f e¨Zx ZxZ Ab¨ GKUvG
BKzBjvBRvi
B jvBBbwU _v‡K| jvBbUv
j wbqš¿
šK
K I
†jv †cÖmvi mvKkb
kb _ªUwjs fvjj&f Av‡j‡Ui mv‡_
m
ms‡hhvwRZ| wi‡ggvU Bfv‡cv‡‡iUi AvDU‡ U‡j‡U
emv‡‡bv _v‡K|
5. Bfv‡cv‡iUii : GB Aee¯’vq wdÝ UvBc U
Bfv‡‡cv‡iUi e¨ennvi Kiv nq| Mvwoi Dfq cv‡k
Gess wmwjs w`‡q wbqš¿Y evZvvm e›U‡bi e¨e¯’
e v
_v‡K
K| Bfv‡cv‡iUUi wWDwgwWd dvqvi wn‡m‡e KvR wPPÎ 27.4 : A‡Uv‡
v‡gvevBj Gwmi †iwdªRv‡i›U wbqqš¿K
K‡ii| AwZwi³ Av`ª©Zv Zij j AvKv‡i evZvm
ev
†_‡K
K †ei K‡i †Wª
Wªb Øviv evwn‡ii †Q‡o †`q|
6. wjKz W‡KUi : GwU wiwmfvi I Wªvqv‡ii GKUUv Ask| Gi cvk¦©eZ©x evqyqy A_ev wiwmf
wj BW BbwW fv‡ii
0
Zvcg
cgvÎv 29 †m:: E‡aŸ© †M‡j M¨v‡mi †dbv cwijw¶Z nqq|
7. mwjb‡qW
m evBBcvm fvj&f : mwjb‡qW fvj&f _v‡g©v‡÷U
‡ Ges cÖavb
a myBP wmwiwi‡R mshy³ _v‡K|
_v
0
Bfv‡‡cv‡iU‡ii ZvvcgvÎv 0 †mm. n‡j _v‡g©v‡÷‡Ui
‡÷ mwjb‡q ‡qW fvj&‡f we`y
we ¨r mieivn eÜ n‡q hvq| Gi
d‡jj mwjb‡qW evvBcvm jvBb Ly‡j hvq| H mg‡q Kb‡Wb Wbmvi †_‡K D”PD Pvchy³ MM¨vmxq †iwd«Rv‡i›U
Rv
mwjbb‡qW fvj&f evBcvm jvBbb Ges Bfv‡c cv‡iUi n‡q mvKkb
m jvB‡bbi ga¨ w`‡qq K‡¤úªm‡i wd‡i
0
hvq| GB cÖwµqvqq Zzlvi M‡j 3 †m. G †cu cuŠQ‡j mwjb‡qqW fvj&f eÜÜ n‡q hvq Gees cybivq ¯^vfvweK
f
cÖevnn Pj‡Z _v‡K
K|
8. g¨vM‡bwUK
g K¬ K‡›Uªvj : hLb A‡Uv‡gvvevBj GqviK
KvP KwÛkwbs c×wZ wZ‡Z K‡¤úªmi cwiPvjbv `iiKvi
K_bb K¬vPwU wbqš¿
šY Ki‡j K‡¤úª
¤úªmi Pvjy nq| K¬v‡Pi †cøU Pz¤^K‡Z¡ cwiYYZ bv n‡j K‡
K‡¤úªmi eÜ _v‡K|
_v
Bwć‡bi ûB‡ji mv‡_
m cywj Øviiv K¬vPwU ms‡‡hvwRZ _v‡K K| Gi WªvBf f †ci‡Ui mv‡‡_ Av‡g©Pvi †ciU
†
_v‡K
K| Av‡g©Pvi †ciUwU
† †PŠ¤^KZ¡
K Pvc Øviv K‡¤úª
K mvi k¨vd dU‡K AvU‡K †d‡j Ges K K‡¤úªmi Pj‡Z
Z ïiæ
K‡ii| myBP eÜ Ki‡j
K g¨vM‡bbwUK K¬vP †PŠ¤¤^KZ¡ nvivq d‡j
d †ciU k¨vdU‡K
k †Q‡o
o †`qv‡i K‡¤¤úªmi
eÜ n‡q
n hvq|
3344 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
9. mvKkb
m †_ªvUj
j K‡›Uªvj : AZ¨vay
A wbK A‡U ‡Uv‡gvevBj GqqviKwÛkwbs c×wZ‡Z G aai‡bi e¨envii Kiv
nq| Gi Bb‡jU †cvU© Bfv‡c cv‡iU‡ii AvD
DU‡j‡Ui mv‡__ Ges AvDU‡U‡jU †cvU© K‡‡¤úªm‡ii mvK
K‡kb
†cv‡U
‡U© ms‡hvM Kiiv _v‡K|
10. f¨vKzqvg Wvvqvd«vg : G‡‡Z `ywU Wvqvd«d«vg _v‡K| wc÷b
wc Wvqvd«vgwU
vg wc÷‡bii g‡a¨ m¤§yL fv‡M
÷b Ges †i‡UUBbvi Kvc I w¯úªs Øviv Ave×
wc÷ A _v‡K| f¨vKzqvg Wvqvd«
Wv vgwU cÖvK Kmy‡qwUs wcb Øviv
UbBbvi wc‡bii mv‡_ ms‡hvvwRZ _v‡K| Kv‡ci Dcii we‡kl w¯úªs m„wó K‡i f
wi‡Ub f¨vKzqv‡gi mss‡hvM
c¨v‡bbi †ev‡W©i gwWD‡j‡Ui
gw chh©šÍ ms‡hvM _v‡K|
_ hLb Wvqvd«
W vg nvDwR wRs G evqykb~ ¨Z
¨Zvi m„wó nq ZLb
Wvqvvd«vg wc÷‡bii w`‡K avweZZ nq| wc÷bb Wvqvd«v‡gi w`‡K
w w¯úªs Pvvc m„wó K‡i| mvKkb Pvc c e„w×
†c‡ZZ _v‡K| d‡j j †ewk VvÊv n‡Z
n _v‡K|
11. A‡Uv Gwmi B‡jKwUª
B K mvvwK©U : _v‡gv©‡÷U
‡÷ myB‡Pi gva¨‡g
g g¨vM‡bbwUK K¬vP-Gii B‡jKwUªK mvwK©
m U
Ab n‡q K‡¤úªmi mi †gvUi Pvjy
jy nq| Mvwoii wfZ‡ii ZvcgvÎv
Z _v‡gv
gv©‡÷‡Ui †mwU
wUs Gi wb‡P G‡j
_v‡g©g©v‡÷U myBP ¯^qswµqfv‡e g¨vM‡bwUK
g K¬v‡Pi
v mvwK©U wew”Qbœ
we K‡i| d‡j
d K‡¤úªmvii eÜ n‡q hvqq|
27.3
3 GqviKwÛk kbvi BDwbU M¨vm PvwR©s
BDwb
wb‡U bZzbfv‡ee M¨vm Pv‡R©i †ÿ‡Î D³ BDwbU
B evqykb¨
~b Kivi cÖ‡qvR
vRb nq, †m ††ÿ‡Î wb‡¤œi weavb
w
AbymiY
m Ki‡Z nq| n A‡Uv‡gveevBj Gwm‡Z e¨eüZ K‡¤úªúªmi mvwf©m fvj& f fhy³ n‡qq _v‡K| ZvBB GwU
†mjd
jd f¨vKzqvg‡hhvM¨| A_©vr f¨vKz
f qvg-Gi Rb¨ R f¨vKzqvg e¨envi Kivii `iKvi nq bbv| G Kvi‡Y
1. mvKkb mvwf©m fvj&‡fi mv‡‡_ †MR †gwb‡ddv‡ìi †jv †cÖ cÖmvi †MR †cvU
vU© †nv‡m cvB‡c
ci mvnv‡h¨ ms‡hvM
m
Ki‡Z nq Gees †gwb‡dvìvi †jv †cÖmvi †c
cv‡U©i fvj&f †÷÷g d«›U mx‡U †i‡L eÜ Ae¯’¯’v‡b ivLv nq|
|
2. K‡¤úªm‡ii wWmPvR©
wW mvwf©m fvj&f ga¨g Ae¯’v‡b †i‡LL Bwćbi mvnnv‡h¨ K‡¤úªmi Pvjy nq| wK
KQzÿY
Pvjyi ci †jv †cÖmvi Pvjyi Gi KuvUv 30 ev 76-†Z G‡‡j eyS‡Z n‡ee BDwbU f¨vKzqqvg n‡q‡Q|
3. PvwR© M¨vm wmw
mwjÛvi †nv‡mii gva¨‡g †gwb
wb‡dv‡ìi ga¨eeZ©x †cv‡U©i mv‡_
m ms‡hvM w`
w`‡Z n‡e|
Gwm
m (GqviKwÛkbb) c×wZ 335
4. eo evm ev †KvP
5. A¨v¤^y‡jÝ
6. gi‡`n enbKvix Mvwo|
7. we‡kl cwienb‡hvM¨ UªvK (gvQ, †MvkZ, djg~j)|
8. AvBmwµg cwienb f¨vb|
9. †WBwi cwienb f¨vb cÖf…wZ|
cÖkœgvjv-27
mswÿß cÖ‡kœvËi :
1. A‡Uv Gwmi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨³ Ki|
2. A‡Uv-Gwmi †iwd«Rv‡ikb mvB‡K‡ji wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL|
3. mwjb‡qW fvj&‡fi Kvh©µg ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki|
4. A‡Uv Gwmi B‡jKwUªK mvwK©U A¼b K‡i wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL|
5. A‡Uv-Gwmi e¨env‡ii 4wU †gvUihv‡bi bvg †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. A‡Uv‡gvevBj GqviKwÛkwbs-Gi wewfbœ As‡ki bvgmn eY©bv Ki|
2. A‡Uv Gwmi wngvqb mvB‡K‡ji wPÎ A¼b Ki|
3. A‡Uv Gwmi cwiPvjbvi c×wZ¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki|
4. mvaviY Gwm Ges A‡Uv Gwmi cv_©K¨ †jL|
5. A‡Uv GqviKwÛkbvi M¨vm PvwR©s c×wZ¸‡jv †jL|
Aóówesk Aaa¨vq
†ggvUi evBBK
M
Motor Byiike
Uz †÷ª
÷ªvK Bwćbii Kvh©cÖYvwj :
1| AvcIqvW© †÷ ÷ªvK (EaŸ©gygL y x
†÷ªvK)
vK : `yB-†÷ª ÷ªvK (Uy-†÷ªvK) K
Bwć‡b †Kvb fvvj&f _v‡K bv, b
fvj&‡fi
‡ RvqMvqq †cvU© ev wQ`ª
wQ
_v‡KK| wc÷bb (AvcIqqvW©
†÷ªv‡K)
‡ EaŸ©gyLx †÷ªvK (wewWwm wm)
wb¤œ wbw¯Œq w¯’wZ †_‡K Uc& †W WW
(E‡aaŸ© wbw¯Œq w¯’ w wZ) †m›Uvv‡i
hvIqqvi mgq `yBwU B KvR K‡ii|
cÖ_gZ
g †c‡Uªvj Ges evqqyi wPÎ 28.3 : Uz-†÷ªvK †gvUUievBK Bwćbi Kvh©cÖYvwj
wgkÖY‡K
Y msbgb (((K‡¤úªmW&) K‡i ‡i
Gess wØZxqZ wc÷ ÷b Dc‡ii w`‡K w` DVevi mgq m µ¨vsK †K‡mi g‡a¨ (f¨vKzqv‡gi k~b¨Zvi m„wó K‡i
Gess AvMg wQ`ª (Bb‡Uj
( †cvU©U©) †Lvjvi mv‡‡_ mv‡_ Kvey‡iUi
‡© †_‡K evqy
ev Ges †c‡UªUªv‡ji wgkÖY AvMg
A
wQ‡`ª`ªi (Bb‡jU †ccv‡U©i) gva¨‡gg cøvM Øviv (K
K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡ii) cÖ‡Kv‡ô cÖR¡Rvjb Kiv nqq|
2| WvDbIqvW©
W †÷
÷ªvK (wb¤œgLx
L
y x †÷ªvK) : wb¤
b¤œgyLx †÷ªvK (WvDbIqvW©
(W †÷ª
÷ªv‡K) wc÷b (Uc †WW †mm›Uvi)
EaŸ©Ÿ© wbw®Œq w¯’wZ †_‡K
† (eUg †WWW †m›Uv‡i) bvg‡Z
bv _vKvKvjx
jxb `yBwU KvR
R K‡i| cÖ_gZZ wbM©gb (GKR
R÷)
Gess wØZxqZ µ¨vssK †K‡mi wfZ Z‡i †h PvR© wQj
wQ wb‡¤œi w`‡K K ms‡KvPb (K K‡¤úªmW) Kiv| wc÷b hLbb EaŸ©
¯Œq w¯’wZ (Uc †WW †m›Uvi) †_‡K wb¤œ wbw¯Œ
wbw¯Œ wb q w¯’wZ (eUeUg †WW †m›UUv‡i) cvIqvi †÷ªv‡K bvgvKKvjxb
cÖ_‡gg wbM©gb wQ`ª (GKR÷ †cvU vU©) †Lv‡j Gess †cvov M¨vm †ei
†e n‡q hvq|
wc÷
÷b Avevi wb‡PP bvgvKvjxb UªvÝdvi †cvU©U© Ly‡j hvq Gees (Bb‡jU †cvU©
† ) AvMg wQ
wQ`ª eÜ n‡q hvq|
h
wc÷
÷b µvsK †K‡‡mi wfZiKvii PvR©‡K wb‡PPi w`‡K (K‡¤¤úmW&) ms‡K KvPb Kivi d‡
d‡j UªvÝdvi wQ‡`ª
wQ i
(†cvv‡U©i) gvidZ
Z EaŸ© wbw®Œq w¯’wZ‡Z (Uc
c †WW †m›Uv‡‡i )
`nbb cÖ‡Kv‡ô (K¤^
( vkb †P¤^¤^v‡i) Av‡m Ges wc÷ ÷‡bi
wWd‡
d‡j±iRwbZ Av‡MKvi
A †cvoov M¨vm `nb cÖ‡Kv‡ô (K¤^¤^vkb
†P¤^v‡i)
v wKQzUv hvh _v‡K bZzb AvMZ PvR© †V‡j (GKR R÷)
wbM©g w`‡q †ei K‡i
K †`q Gees Gi mv‡_ bZzb wKQz PvvR©I
evwn‡
n‡i P‡j hvq| Gfv‡e `yB-†÷ª
- vK (Uz-†÷ª
÷ªvK) BwÄb KvRK
K‡ii|
1| GWwgkb
G ev mvKkb
m †÷ªvK (Admisssion or Sucction Strokke) :
wc÷
÷b m‡ev©”P Aee¯’vb A_©vr Uc
U †WW †m›Uvvi (Top dead centre) ev T.D.C-††Z IVvi cÖv°v‡jB
°
Bb‡UUK †cvU© Ly‡j hvq Ges evqy
e ev evqy wgwkª
w Z M¨v‡m cÖ‡ekc_ myMg nq| AZ Ztci wc÷b hLb
D.C †_‡K B.D.C
T.D B -†Z hvvÎv K‡i, ZLb
Lb GMR÷ †c cv÷ eÜ n‡qq hvq, hvi d
d‡j evqy ev evZvm
e
AwZ
Z `ªyZ wmwjÛv‡v‡ii wfZi cÖ‡ek K‡i| GBG evqy ev PvR©
P Gqvi c‡ek
cÖ‡ MwZ Ro oZv (Interiaa of
motion) †nZz wc÷bwU
w me©wbgœ
wb Ae¯’vb AwZµg
A Kivi ciI wKQzgvÎÎ Pj‡Z _v‡K
K| GB cÖwµqv‡K
µ
GWwg
wgkb ev mvKk kb †÷ªvK e‡jj|
2| K‡¤cÖ
K kb †÷ª ÷ªvK (Comp pression Sttroke) :
µ¨vssK k¨vdU Øviiv wc÷b B.D D.C (Bottom dead cen ntre) †_‡K T.D.C
T (Toop dead cen ntre)
Gi w`‡K
w DV‡Z ïiæ
ï K‡i| G mgqm wmwjÛvii †nW-Gi mee¸‡jv fvj&f eÜ
e _vKvq wmwwjÛv‡ii wfZiiKvi
evqy ev PvR© Gqvii-G AZ¨waK Pvc m„wó n‡qq _v‡K| GgZ
Zve¯’vq wc÷bb hLb T.D.CC-†Z †cuŠ‡Q ZLb
0
Pvc 30 †_‡K 35 5 GUgmwdqvv‡i (atm) Ges
G DËvc cÖvq 500 C-G DbœxZ nq| | wW‡Rj dz‡qj
q hv
0 0
gvÎ 200 C DËv‡cB D cÖR¡wjZ
w nq| 50 00 C ZvcggvÎvq cÖ‡ek Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ D³ wW‡Rj
wW
ùviK mnKv‡ii Lwb‡Ki g‡‡a¨ cÖRw¡ jZ nq|
we‡ù n wW‡Rj dz d‡qj wc÷‡bbi T.D.C-††Z †cuŠQv‡bvii wVK
c~e©ÿ‡Y
ÿ Bb‡R±‡iii mvnv‡h¨ Bbb‡R± K‡i we‡‡ùviY NUv‡bvbv nq| G cÖwµqv‡K
µ K‡¤cÖk
kb †÷ªvK e‡j
j|
3| cvIqvi †÷ªvK vK (Power Stroke) :
c~‡e©i †÷ªv‡Ki K‡¤cÖ
K‡ wmZ PvR©© Gqv‡ii †fZZ‡i GB †÷ªv‡K dz‡qj A‡qqj Bb‡R±i ØØviv AwZ m~² m~²
KYviiƒ‡c wmwjÛv‡‡ii g‡a¨ †¯cÖ
cÖ Kiv nq| wmwjÛv‡ii Af¨šÍ
A ‡i cÖPÊ Pv‡ci d‡j j m„ó Zv‡c dz‡qj
we‡ù
ùviY mnKv‡ii R¡‡j I‡V I cÖPÊ Zvc kw³
k (Heat Energy)
E m„wó
wó K‡i| G A Ae¯’vq m„ó Pvc
c 50
†_‡KK 60 GUgmwwdqv‡i DbœxZ nq, ZvB Pvvc e„w× cvevii K_v| wKš‘ wc÷b †mB mv‡_ wb‡Pi w`‡K
bvg‡‡Z _v‡K e‡j k~b¨Zv m„wó n‡q
n Pv‡ci cwiwigvY 50-60 GUgmwdqv‡iiB w¯’i iv‡L| wc÷b B.D D.C-
†Z †cu
† ŠQv‡bvi Av‡v‡MB Bb‡RKkkb eÜ n‡q hvq
h Ges ZZ Zÿ‡Y PvcI †ek
† K‡g hvqq| GB cÖwµqv qv‡KB
cvIqqvi †÷ªvK e‡j
‡j| GB cvIqqvi †÷ªv‡Ki BwÄb
B cÖ‡qvRbxbxq kw³ Drcv
cv`b K‡i|
†gvUi evBK 341
hLb K¬vP wjfvi‡K PvwjZ Kiv nq bv, †mB mgq Bwćbi cvIqvi wbqvgK Pµ (d¬vB ûBj) Ges wMqvi
e‡·i gva¨‡g cðv‡Zi PvKvq enb K‡i|
5| cvIqvi UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷g :
Bwćb †h cvIqvi Drcbœ nq Zv UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g cðvr G‡·j weqvi G‡·j k¨vd‡U
cvVvq| UªvÝwgkb mvaviYZ `yB ai‡bi nq :
1| †PBb WªvBf 2| WvB‡i± WªvBf
†ewki fvMB †gvUimvB‡Kj K¬vP G‡m¤^wj jvMv‡bv _v‡K wMqvi k¨vd‡Ui Dci Ges Bwćbi cvIqvi
K¬v‡Pi gva¨‡g †¯cÖv‡KU †PB‡bi gva¨‡g cvIqvi †cÖiY Kiv nq| wKš‘ ¯‹zUv‡i µ¨vsK k¨vd‡Ui gva¨‡g
cðv‡Zi PvKvq †mvRvmywR cvVv‡bv nq|
cÖkœgvjv-28
AwZ mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. †gvUievBK ev Uz ûBjvi hvbevnb Kx?
2. Uz-†÷ªvK †gvUievB‡K Kx ai‡bi BwÄb emv‡bv _v‡K?
3. Uz-†÷ªvK Bwćb fvj&‡fi RvqMvq Kx _v‡K?
4. wc÷b AvcIqvW© †÷ªv‡K Kx KvR K‡i?
mswÿß cÖ‡kœvËi :
1. †gvUievBK ev Uz ûBjvi hvbevnb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2. Uz-†÷ªvK †gvUievBK Bwćbi aib †Kgb?
3. Uz-†÷ªvK †gvUievBK Bwćbi MVb ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki|
4. †dvi-†÷ªvK †gvUievB‡Ki MVb ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki|
5. †gvUievB‡Ki wewfbœ wm‡÷‡gi bvg †jL|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. †gvUievBK ev Uz ûBjvi hvbevnb m¤ú‡K© hv Rv‡bv †jL|
2. Uz-†÷ªvK †gvUievBK Bwćbi aib wee„Z Ki|
3. Uz-†÷ªvK †gvUievBK Bwćbi Kvh©vewj ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki|
4. †dvi-†÷ªvK †gvUievB‡Ki Kvh©vewj ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki||
5. †gvUievB‡Ki wewfbœ wm‡÷g eY©bv `vI|
cÖ_g Aa¨vqq
A‡‡Uv‡gvevBBj ewWii †givgZ
Z Kv‡R AvK©
A I‡qwì R©b
wìs-Gi ``ÿZv AR
wØ
wØZxq Aa¨vvq
A‡Uv‡gveevBj ewWii †givgZ
Z Kv‡R M¨¨vm I‡qwì
ìs-Gi `ÿ
ÿZv AR©b
2.1 wdjvi iW wbe©
wb vPb (Seleect the filleer rod)
wb‡PPi cÖ`Ë Zvwj
wjKv Abymv‡i avZe cv‡Zii cyiæ‡Z¡i Dc
ci wfwË K‡ii wdjvi iW
W I I‡qwìs M¨vc
h_vµµ‡g wbe©vPb I msiÿY Kii‡Z nq|
avZee L‡Êi 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7-8 9-100 11-13 14
4-16
cyiæZ
Z¡ (wg. wg.)
wdjvvi I‡Wi 1.25 5 1.25 1
1.6 2 2
2.5 3.15 3.15 3.15 4 5 5-6 3.15-4
M¨vgg (wg.wg.)
AvbygvwbK
g M¨vc 1 1.25 1
1.6 2 2
2.25 2.25 2.5 3.15 3.15 3.155 3.15-4 3.15-4
(wg.wg
wg.)
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
A‡Uv‡gvevBj ewWi †givgZ Kv‡R †eªwRs I‡qwìs-Gi `ÿZv AR©b
3.5 M¨v‡mi IqvwK©s †cÖmvi †mUKiY (Set the working pressure of the gases)
‡eªwRs‡qi wbwg‡Ë avZzi cyiæZ¡‡f‡` wb‡Pi P‡Ki †gvZv‡eK b‡Rj wcU I Kvh©Kix Pvc wbev©Pb Ki :
wUc b¤^i avZzi cyiæZ¡ Aw·‡R‡bi Kvh©Kix Pvc A¨vwm‡Uwj‡bi Kvh©Kix Pvc
00 1-64 0.4 2.5 17 1 7
0 1/32 1.8 2.5 17 1 7
1 1/16 1.6 2.5 17 1 7
2 3/32 2.4 5 34 2 14
3 1/8 3.2 7.5 52 3 21
4 3/16 4.8 10 70 4 28
5 1/4 6.4 12.5 86 5 34
6 5/16 .8 15 103 6 41
7 3/8 9.5 17.5 120 7 48
8 5/8 12.7 17.5 130 7 48
9 3/4 15.9 18.5 155 7.5 52
10 1 I Dc‡i 19 I Dc‡i 22.5 155 9 62
P _© Aa¨vvq
PZz
d«›U-BÛ/w÷
›U w÷qvwiss wRI‡gw
gwUª m¤ú‡
ú‡K© AeM
MZ
4.1 †Uv-Bb/AvDU
DU A¨vWRv÷KKiY
†Uv-BBb †Uv-Bb/A
AvDU A¨vWRv
Rv÷KiY cÖwµqv
wµ wb‡¤œ
D‡jø
jL Kiv n‡jvÑÑ
1| Uvqvi †cÖmvii †PK Ki| wbwðZ w nIqvv †h mKj
PvKvvq mwVK Uvqvii †cÖmvi we`¨¨gvb|
2| m¤§y
m L PvKvi ga¨eZ©
g x ¯’‡j PK
P gvwK©s Kii|
3| PvKvi
P m¤§yL w`‡Ki
w` PK gv‡‡K©i `~iZ¡ gvc
c|
AZttci 180 wWwMÖ
wW ‡Z PvKv‡‡K Nywi‡q D³
D `~iZ¡
†cQ‡
Q‡bi w`K w`‡qq bvI|
4| PvKvi †cQ‡bbi gv‡ci `~iZ¡i †_‡K m¤¤§yL gv‡ci
`~iZ¡ we‡qvM K‡i †Uv-Bb †Uv-A
AvDU wbY©q Ki|
K
5| AZtci UvBB i‡Wi jK K bvU wXjv `vIÑ hv
mvavviYZ evgnvwZ
Z †_ªW n‡q _v‡v‡K|
6| †i‡Äi mvnv‡h‡h¨ UvB iW‡K
K †NvivI| Gfv‡e
G evg
Gess Wvb w`‡Ki UvB iW‡K mgfv‡e
m Nywi‡qq †Uv-Bb,
†Uv-A
AvDU A¨vW WRv÷ Ki| hLb A¨vWRv÷
†¯úwwmwd‡Kk‡bi mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡e, ZLb jK bvU
fv‡j
jvfv‡e UvBU `vI|
`
Mvwo
oi PvKvØq †mv
mvRv I mgvšÍivj
i Ae¯’v‡b P‡jP Mvwoi
w`K wbqš¿‡Y mvnv
nvh¨ Kiv‡bv, Uvqv‡ii
U ÿq Kgv‡bv I
mgnnv‡i †hb ÿq nq Zv iÿv Kiv| †Uv-Bbb Gi b¨vq
†Uv-A
AvDUI gvÎ K‡qK
K wgwjwgUUv‡ii n‡q _v‡‡K| wPÎ 4.1 : †Uv-Bb †Uvv-AvDU wbY©q
e¨ennvwiK 349
1. cwRwUf
c K¨v÷
÷vi : hLb wK Ks wcb ev ej R‡q‡›Ui
†m›Uv
Uvi jvBb Mvwo
woi PvKvi wcQQ‡bi w`‡K wP‡‡Îi b¨vq
†n‡j
j _v‡K Ges f~wgi Dj−¤^ jvBB‡bi m‡½ Drc
rcbœ †KvY
A¨vW
WRv÷ K‡i cwRwRwUf K¨v÷vii ivLv nq|
2. †b‡MwUf K¨¨v÷vi : hLLb wKs wcb ev ej
R‡q‡
q‡›Ui †m›Uvi jvBb Mvwoii m¤§yL w`‡K
K †n‡j
_v‡K
K Ges f~wgi Dj−¤^ jvB‡bii m‡½ G †n‡
n‡j _vKv
K †b‡MwUf K¨v÷vi
jvBbb Drcbœ †KvYY A¨vWRv÷ K‡i wPÎÎ- 4.3 : K¨v÷vvi A¨v‡½j
A¨v‡½
‡½j ivLv nq|
350
0 A‡Uv‡gvwU
wUf-1
A¨vW
WRv÷ Kiv hww` bv hvq wKssev G A¨v‡½‡j
j ΓwU cvIqvv hvq, Zv n‡j j Aek¨B Gi w¯úÛj ev w¯ ¯úÛj
Avg©© euvKv nIqvii Rb¨B n‡Z cv‡i|
c GgZvee¯’vq ΓwUc~Y©Y© hš¿vsk cwieeZ©b Qvov Avii weKí _v‡K
K bv|
e¨envwiK 351
cÂg Aa¨vq
µ¨vswKs †gvUi ms‡hvRb I we‡qvRb m¤ú‡K©
5.1 µ¨vswKs †gvU‡ii wehy³KiY :
e¨vUvwii Av_© K‡qj wehy³KiY
- cwRwUf bv †b‡MwUf Av_© Zv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqv|
- AwaKvsk Mvwo‡Z †b‡MwUf Av_© e¨envi Kiv nq Zv kbv³ Kiv|
- mwVK gv‡ci I‡cb GÛ †i Øviv †b‡MwUf Uvwg©bvj wXjv `vI|
- nv‡Z AvjMv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j cywj cyjvi e¨envi Ki|
- K¨vc ¯Œz Øviv AvUKv‡bv _vK‡j ¯Œz AcmviY Ki|
- Gfv‡e Av_© Uvwg©bvj Avjv`v Ki|
lô Aa¨vq
mwjb‡qW wjs‡KR cwi®‹vi, cixÿv I wbixÿvKi‡Yi `ÿZv AR©b
mßg Aa¨vq
µ¨vswKs †gvU‡ii wdì cixÿvi `ÿZv AR©b
7.1 µ¨vswKs †gvU‡ii wdì cixÿvKiY (Test the Field of the Cranking Motor)
- wdì K‡qj I‡qwìs cÖv‡šÍ `ywU †Uwcs c‡q›U i‡q‡Q|
- †Uc Ly‡j, wd‡ìi Kw›UwbD‡qwUs ev I‡cb mvwK©U cixÿv Ki|
- hw` wWmKw›UwbD‡qwU †`Lvq Zvn‡j wdì I‡qwìs Ki‡Z n‡e|
- I‡qwìs‡qi Av_© †U÷ Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ †U÷ j¨v‡¤úi GK cÖvšÍ †Uwcs c‡q‡›U I Aci cÖvšÍ ewW‡Z ai|
- †U÷ j¨v¤ú G †ÿ‡Î bv R¡j‡j, wVK Av‡Q| hw` R¡‡j, Zvn‡j Aek¨B g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e wdì Avw©_©s
n‡q‡Q| wd‡ìi wiI‡qwìs‡qi cÖ‡qvRb|
7.2 µ¨vswKs †gvU‡ii Av‡g©Pv‡ii †Møvqvi †U÷KiY (Perform the Gloweer-Test of the
Armature)
- †Møvqv‡ii wf-eø‡K Av‡g©Pvi ¯’vcb Ki|
- †Møvqv‡ii myBP Ab Ki I GKwU n¨vKÕm †eøW Av‡g©Pv‡ii mvgvb¨ Dc‡i ai|
- †Møvqvi †_‡K GKUvbv kã Avm‡e|
- Av‡g©Pvi GK nv‡Z ax‡i ax‡i AveZ©b Ki|
- kU©© mvwK©U _vK‡j †eøW‡K SuvKzwb w`‡q Av‡g©Pv‡ii w`‡K Uvb‡e|
- G‡Z Av‡g©Pv‡ii kU© mvwK©U kbv³ Kiv hv‡e Ges G‡ÿ‡Î Av‡g©Pvi wiI‡qwìs Ki‡Z n‡e|
- KwgD‡UUiwU Acwi®‹vi, Amg I gvÎvwZwi³ ÿqcÖvß n‡j †j‡` ¯^í cwigvY Uvwb©s K‡i bvI|
- MÖæc †U÷vi Øviv KwgD‡Ui msjMœ `ywU Av‡g©Pvi ms‡hv‡Mi kU© mvwK©U cixÿv Ki|
- KwgD‡UUi Lv‡Uv n‡j Zv cwieZ©b Ki|
7.6 I 7.7 µvswKs †gvU‡ii wehy³ hš¿vskmg~n cybtms‡hvMKiY (Assemble the all
disassemble connects of cranking motor)
- wehyw³i µgavivq wecixZ avi AbymiY K‡i µvswKs †gvU‡ii hš¿vsk hy³ Ki|
- mshyw³ m¤úbœ nIqvi ci †bv ... †U÷ Ki|
- m‡ev©cwi µvswKs †gvUi‡K cybtBwćb ¯’vcb K‡i BwÄb ÷vU© w`‡q Gi Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ
nI ev wbixÿY Ki|
e¨envwiK 355
Aóg Aa¨vq
Gwm cv‡¤úi Kvh©KvwiZv cixÿvKi‡Yi `ÿZv AR©b
8.1 Gwm dz‡qj cv¤ú wehy³KiY (Remove the AC Pump)
- I‡cb GÛ †iÄ Øviv Gwm cv‡¤ú Bb‡jU I AvDU‡jU jvBb wehy³ Ki|
- mwVK gv‡ci ¯ú¨vbv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ BwÄb nvDwRs‡qi gvDw›Us †evë/bvUmg~n †Lv‡jv|
- Gevi Gwm dz‡qj cv¤ú BwÄb ewW †_‡K wehy³ Ki|
- mZK©Zvi m‡½ M¨vm‡KU AcmviY Ki|
8.5 Wvqvd«vg w¯úª †Ubmvb cixÿvKiY (Check the Diaphragm Spring Tension)
- w¯úª †U÷v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wiUvb© w¯úªs‡qi †Ubmb cixÿv Ki Ges wewb‡`©wkZ bxwZ AbymiY Ki|
- gvÎvwZwi³ †Ubmvb nviv‡j w¯úªs cwieZ©b Ki|
356 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
8.6 fvj&f, fvj&f-w¯úªs I fvj&f mxU wbixÿYKiY (Check the Valve, Valvespring and
Valve Seats)
- gyL Øviv Bb‡Uj jvBb w`‡q †kvlY K‡i †`L| hw` †Kv‡bv wjK bv K‡i, Zvn‡j fvj&f I fvj&f
mxU Ges w¯úªs fv‡jv i‡q‡Q|
- AvDU‡jU jvBb w`‡q dzu `vI| hw` †Kv‡bv evZvm bv hvq, Zv n‡j wbwðZ n‡Z cvi‡e, fvj&f,
fvj&f mxU I w¯úªs wVK i‡q‡Q|
8.8 Gwm cv‡¤úi Kvh©KvwiZv cixÿvKiY (Test the Performance of the AC Pump)
- cv‡¤úi m‡½ evB‡i Bb‡jU jvB‡bi ms‡hvM `vI|
- AvDU-†jU jvBb ms‡hvM `vI|
- GKwU cv‡Î wKQz †c‡Uªvj ivL|
- AvDU-†jU jvBb hy³ Ki|
- Bb‡jU jvBb cv‡Îi †c‡Uªv‡j Wzwe‡q ivL|
- AvDU-†jU jvBb w`‡q wKQz †c‡Uªvj cv¤ú †P¤^v‡i w`‡q evZvm †ei K‡i `vI|
- Zvici Zv‡ni mvnv‡h¨ iKvi Av‡g© Pvc w`‡q evi evi †Q‡o `vI|
- AvDU-†jU jvBb eivei GKwU Lvwj cvÎ ivL|
- cv‡¤úi Kvh©KvwiZv fv‡jv n‡j AvDU-†jU jvBb w`‡q Pvc w`‡q †Q‡o †`Iqvi m‡½ m‡½B †c‡Uªvj
mieivn n‡e|
- Bwćb cv¤ú cybthy³ Ki|
- Bwćb ÷vU© w`‡q Kvh©KvwiZv wbixÿY Ki|
e¨envwiK 357
beg Aa¨vq
Kve©y‡iUi wUDwbsKiY m¤ú‡K© `ÿZv AR©b
9.1 Kve©y‡iUi BwÄb n‡Z Ly‡j Avbv (Remove the Carboretor from the Engine)
- Kve©y‡iU‡ii Dci n‡Z Gqvi wdëvi AcmviY Ki|
- Gwm cv¤ú †_‡K AvMZ dz‡qj mieivn jvBb Kve©y‡iUi †_‡K wehy³ Ki|
- Kve©y‡iUi †_‡K Gw·jv‡iUi ms‡hvM wehy³ Ki|
- Kve©y‡iUi †_‡K †_ªvUj ms‡hvMKvix jvBbwU wehy³ Ki|
- Kve©y‡iUi †_‡K †PvK fvj&‡fi ms‡hvMKvix jvBbwU wehy³ Ki|
- Kve©y‡iUi I Bb‡UK †gwb‡dvìvi ms‡hvMKvix gvDw›Us bvU/†evë `ywU wehy³ Ki|
- †gwb‡dvì I Kve©y‡iU‡ii ga¨eZ©x M¨vm‡KUwU ¯^h‡Zœ AcmviY Ki|
- Kve©y‡iUiwU `yB nv‡Z a‡i D‡Ëvjb I AcmviY Ki|
9.2 Kve©y‡iU‡ii hš¿vskmg~n wehy³KiY (Remove the Components of the Carburetor)
- Kve©y‡iU‡ii evB‡ii Ask GKwU big eªvk I †c‡Uªvj Øviv cwi®‹vi Ki|
- Uc-Kfvi wehy³ Ki I Uc Kfvi †_‡K †d¬vU I wb‡Wj fvj&f AcmviY Ki|
- ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡bi cvZjv I M¨vm‡KU AcmviY Ki|
- A¨vw·jv‡iUi †P¤^v‡ii Kfvi AcmviY Ki I Wvqvd«vg wehy³ Ki|
- wehy³ hš¿vsk †c‡Uªvj I K‡¤úªmW Gqv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cwi®‹vi Ki I KvUv/dvUv hš¿vskmg~n cwieZ©b Ki|
9.3 †RUmg~n Ly‡j wQ`ªmg~n cwi®‹viKiY (Remove and Clean the Jets)
- A¨vw·jv‡iwUs cv‡¤úi Gqvi †RU mwVK gv‡ci GKwU ¯Œz-WªvBfvi Øviv AcmviY Ki|
- †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i Aew¯’Z †gBb †RU GKB c×wZ‡Z AcmviY Ki|
- AvB‡Wwjs †cv‡U©i †RU †Lvj I AcmviY Ki|
- cwigvcg‡Zv big Avi e¨envi K‡i †RUmg~‡ni wQ`ª cwi®‹vi Ki|
- m‡e©vcwi K‡¤úªmW Gqvi e¨envi K‡i †RU¸‡jv cwi®‹vi Ki|
- †Quov, KvUv, dvUv A_ev wQ`ª cwigv‡ci †ewk n‡j, Kve©‡y iUi mvwf©wms wKUm †_‡K bZzbwU e¨envi
Ki I cyiv‡bvwU cwieZ©b Ki|
9.4 †d¬vU- wb‡Wj cwi®‹vi I cybtms‡hvMKiY (Clean and Reinstall the Float and Needle Valve)
- wb‡Wj-fvj&f I wb‡Wj mxU cwi®‹vi Ki|
- wb‡Wj fvj&fwU Zvi mx‡U emvI|
- GKwU wis †iÄ Øviv wb‡Wj fvj&e mx‡Ui bvUwU UvBU `vI|
- †d¬vi †P¤^v‡i †d¬vUwU mshy³ Ki|
9.5 †d¬v‡Ui wbw`©ó †j‡fj A¨vWRv÷ Ki (Adjust the Float Level)
- †d¬vU †P¤^v‡i †c‡Uªvj mieivn K‡i †`L gvÎv AwZµg K‡i †d¬vU Ifvi d¬v‡WW Av‡Q wKbv|
- hw` nq, Zvn‡j †d¬vU †j‡fj A¨vWRv÷ Ki|
358 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
9.6 Kve©y‡iUi Bwćb ms‡hvM K‡i Gi Kvh©KvwiZv cixÿv Ki (Reinstall the Carburetor
to the Enginge and Check the Perfomance)
- w¯‹‡ji Gm, I 15.1 Gi avivi wecixZ aviv AbymiY K‡i Kve©y‡iU‡i wewfbœ hš¿vsk hy³ Ki|
- w¯‹‡j Gm. I. 15.1 Gi wecixZ aviv AbymiY K‡i, Kve©y‡iUiwU Bwćbi m‡½ mshy³ Ki|
- BwÄb ÷vU© K‡i Kve©y‡iU‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv wbixÿY Ki|
9.7 Kve©y‡iUi wUDwbsKiY (Tune the Carburetor)
- BwÄb Pvjy Ki, Avi wc Gg cwigvc Ki|
- AviwcGg wgUv‡ii cwRwUf (+) jvBb e¨vUvwii cÖvBgvwi K‡q‡ji cwRwUf ms‡hv‡Mi m‡½ hy³ Ki|
- †b‡MwUf (-) ev Av_© jvBb‡K ewWi mv‡_ hy³ Ki|
- nvB †Ubkb jvB‡bi K¬v‡¤ú 1bs ¯úvK© cøv‡Mi jvB‡bi Dci K¬v¤ú Ki|
- Gevi BMwbkb myB‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ BwÄb ÷vU© Ki|
- BwÄb‡K AvB‡Wwjs w¯ú‡W Pj‡Z `vI I Acv‡iwUs ZvcgvÎvq DV‡Z `vI|
- AviwcGg wgUv‡i cwigvY †`L I ZvwjKve× Ki|
9.8 AvB‡Wj I wgKPvi ¯Œz A¨vWRv÷ Ki (Adjust Idle and Mixture Screw)
- AvB‡Wj ¯Œz kbv³ Ki Ges m¤ú~Y© eÜ K‡i AvbygvwbK 21/2 cu¨vP Ly‡j `vI|
- wg·vi ¯Œz kbv³ Ki Ges Zv eÜ K‡i 21/2 cu¨vP Ly‡j `vI|
- AviwcGg wgUv‡i †`‡Lv AvB‡Wwjs AviwcGm A_©vr 600 †_‡K 800 Avi wcGg MwZ‡Z BwÄb Pj‡Q wKbv
†`‡Lv| hw` MwZ Kg/†ewk nq Zv n‡j `ywU ¯Œz ax‡i Kwg‡q /evwo‡q AvB‡Wwjs w¯úW A¨vWRv÷ Ki|
9.9 wb‡`©w©kZ AvB‡Wj- w¯úW cixÿv Ki (Test the recommanded idle speed)
- hw` AvB‡Wj I wgKPvi ¯Œz Nywi‡q wewb‡`©wkZ AvB‡Wj w¯ú‡W BwÄb‡K Pvjv‡bv bv hvq, Zv n‡j
cybtUvBwgs gvK© wbixÿY Ki|
- UvBwgs wR I 15.2 Gi wecixZ aviv AbymiY K‡i cybtUvBwgs gvK© †mU Ki|
- UvBwgs gvK© Abymv‡i wWw÷ªweDUvi †mU Kiv n‡j BwÄb Aek¨B AvB‡Wwjs w¯ú‡W Pj‡e bZzev
wmwjÛvi wgm K‡i|
- G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡Z¨KwU wmwjÛvi‡K Kvh©ÿg Ki‡Z n‡e|
9.10 Kve©y‡U‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv cixÿv Ki (Test the Perfomance of the Carburator)
- BwÄb‡K wewfbœ MwZ‡Z Pvwj‡q †`I|
- BwÄb eÜ K‡i Avevi ÷vU© K‡i †`L|
- KuvPv †c‡Uªv‡ji MÜ Av‡m wKbv †`L, Zvn‡j AvB‡Wwjs cybt A¨vWRv÷ Ki|
- Kv‡jv †auvqvwenxb A¨vMR÷ †ei n‡”Q wKbv †`L|
- Bwćbi K¤úb wbw`©ó gvÎvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wKbv †`L|
- Bwćb kã gvÎvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wKbv †`L|
- Bwćbi Kvh©Ki ZvcgvÎv wbixÿY K‡i †`L|
e¨envwiK 359
`kg Aa¨vq
Gqvi wK¬bvi mvwf©wmsKi‡Yi Dci `ÿZv AR©b
10.1 Gqvi wK¬bvi Ly‡j hš¿vskmg~n wehy³KiY (Remove and dismentle the Air
cleaner components)
- Mvwoi BwÄb n‡Z Gqvi wK¬bvi/Gqvi wdìv‡ii Rb¨ †h †Kv‡bv hš¿vsk AcmviYKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë Mvwo
cv‡ki †cBw›Us iÿv‡_© e¨envi Ki|
- Gqvi wK¬bvi †_‡K DBs bvUwU AcmviY Ki|
- Gqvi wK¬bv‡ii Dc‡ii Kfvi AcmviY Ki|
- wdëvi Gwj‡g›UwU D‡Ëvjbc~e©K AcmviY Ki|
- †nvR cvBc ms‡hvM _vK‡j †nvR cvBcwU wehy³ Ki|
- A‡qj ev_ UvBc Gqvi wK¬bvi n‡j A‡qj †WªBb Ki|
- Gqvi wK¬bvi nvDwRs hw` Kve©y‡iU‡ii †_ªvU‡ji Dci ev Bb‡UK †gwb‡dv‡ìi mv‡_ K¬v‡¤ú Øviv hy³
_v‡K, D³ K¬v‡¤ú wXjv `vI|
- Gqvi wK¬bvi nvDwRs D‡Ëvjbc~e©K AcmviY Ki|
- mvwf©wmsKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë wehy³ Gqvi wK¬bv‡ii hš¿vskmg~n GKwU IqvwK©s †Uwe‡j ivL|
10.2 hš¿vskmg~n cixÿvKiY (Clean the Dismantle Compnents)
- GKwU big eªvk I †c‡Uªvj/wW‡Rj Øviv Gqvi wK¬bv‡ii wehy³ hš¿vskmg~n cwi®‹vi Kivi e¨e¯’v Ki|
- mvB‡jwÝs †P¤^v‡ii evZv‡mi cÖ‡e‡ki c_mg~n cwi®‹vi Ki|
- Gqvi wK¬bvi nvDwRs/†eBm †cøU cwi®‹vi Ki|
- Gqvi wK¬bvi M¨vm‡K‡Ui Ae¯’v wbixÿY Ki Ges †Kv‡bv †Quov/dvUvi wPý cwijwÿZ n‡j Zv
cwieZ©b Ki|
- eªvm Øviv cwi®‹v‡ii ci K‡¤úªmW Gqvi Øviv hš¿vskmg~n‡K cwi®‹vi I WªvB K‡i bvI|
10.3 wdëvi Gwj‡g›U cwi®‹vi/cwieZ©bKiY (Clean /Replace the Filter Element)
- Gqvi wK¬bv‡ii gyL¨ hš¿vsk I wdëvi Gwj‡g‡›U †Kv‡bv KvUv/†Quov/duvUv i‡q‡Q wKbv wbixÿY Ki
Ges _vK‡j mivmwi cwieZ©b Ki|
- cybte¨envi‡hvM¨ Bwj‡g›U n‡j DËgiƒ‡c big eªvm I Zij †c‡Uªvj/wW‡Rj Øviv cwi®‹vi Ki|
- K‡¤úªmW Gqvi e¨envi K‡i cwi®‹vi I WªvBKiY m¤úbœ Ki|
- wdëvi hw` †ccvi Gwj‡g›U nq, Zvn‡j cÖ‡Z¨KeviB mvwf©wmsKvjxb mg‡q Zv cwieZ©b Ki|
10.4 hš¿vskmg~n cybthy³ K‡i Gqvi wK¬bvi Bwćb cybt¯’vcbKiY (Reassemble and
Reinstall the Air cleaner into the engine)
- w¯‹‡ji Gm.I. 13.1 Gi avivi wecixZ aviv AbymiYc~e©K Gqvi wK¬bvi cybthy³ I Bwćb ¯’vcb Ki|
- BwÄb ÷vU© K‡i Gqvi wK¬bv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv wbixÿY Ki|
360 A‡Uv‡gvwUf-1
GKv`k Aa¨vq
Bb‡KRUi mvwf©wmsKiY
11.1 Bb‡RKUi BwÄb †_‡K Ly‡j Avbv (Remove the Injector from the Engine)
- GKwU cwi®‹vi Wv÷vi †Zvqv‡j w`‡q Bb‡RKUi I Zvi Dci¯’ jvBbmg~n cwi®‹vi Ki|
- GKwU I‡cb A¨vÛ ¯ú¨vbv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ dz‡qj †Wwjfvwi jvBbmg~n wehy³ Ki|
- Bb‡RKUimg~n †_‡K wjK-Ad-jvBb¸‡jv wehy³ Ki|
- dz‡qj jvBbmg~‡ni gyL mvgwqKfv‡e KvwV Øviv eÜ K‡i `vI|
- Bb‡RKU‡ii gvDw›Us ÷v‡U©i bvUmg~n AcmviY Ki|
- Bb‡RKUi †U‡b Dc‡i †Zvj I AcmviY Ki|
- Bb‡RKUi Iqvmvi AcmviY Ki|
- GKB c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU Bb‡RKUi AcmviY Ki|
- mvwf©wms‡qi wbwg‡Ë GKwU Iqvw©Ks †Uwe‡j ivL|
11.3 Bb‡RKU‡ii wewfbœ hš¿vsk wehy³, cwi®‹vi I wbixÿYKiY (Dismantle, Clean and
Check the Injector Components)
- Bb‡RKU‡ii wcQ‡bi w`K wb‡Pi w`‡K w`‡q we‡kl fvB‡m Bb‡RKUi ¯’vcb Ki|
- I‡cb GÛ †iÄ Øviv b‡Rj K¨vc AcmviY Ki|
- b‡Rj D‡Ëvjbc~e©K AcmviY Ki|
- b‡R‡ji wfZi †_‡K b‡Rj fvj&f AcmviY Ki|
- b‡Rj fvj&f †÷g/iW AcmviY Ki|
- Bb‡RKUi‡K D‡Ëvjbc~e©K Gevi wb‡Pi w`K Dc‡ii w`K w`‡q Dwë‡q euva|
- G cÖv‡šÍi K¨vc-bvU I IqvmviwU AcmviY Ki|
- jK-bvUwU nv‡Zi AvOyj Øviv Nywi‡q AcmviY Ki|
- m‡ev©cwi †cÖmvi A¨vWRvw÷s w¯úªs AcmviY Ki|
e¨envwiK 361
- cÖ‡Z¨KwU wehy³ hš¿vsk GKwU wW‡Rj fwZ© cv‡Î †i‡L bgbxq eªvm Øviv, GKwU GKwU K‡i AvDUvi
mvi‡dim cwi®‹vi Ki|
- we‡kl Uzjm e¨envi K‡i b‡R‡j wdW P¨v‡bj wR cwi®‹vi Ki|
- we‡kl Uzjm e¨envi K‡i b‡R‡ji M¨vjvwi ÒwRÓ cwi®‹vi Ki|
- we‡kl Uzjm e¨envi K‡i b‡R‡ji †Wvg cwi®‹vi Ki|
- we‡kl Uzjm e¨envi K‡i b‡Rj mxU ÔIqvBÕ cwi®‹vi Ki|
- we‡kl Uzj‡m, cwigvcgZ wPKb Zvi hy³ K‡i Bb‡RKUi b‡R‡ji wPÎmg~n cwi®‹vi Ki|
- b‡R‡j g‡a¨ b‡Rj fvj&f wb‡Ri IR‡b e‡m cov ch©šÍ eªvm Øviv b‡Rj fvj&f cwi®‹vi Ki|
- fvj&f †dB‡Ri Ae¯’v cÖ‡qvR‡b g¨vMwbdvBwqs Møvm Øviv wbixÿY Ki| gvÎvwZwi³ ÿq n‡j b‡Rj
fvj&f cwi®‹vi Ki|
- w¯úªs †Ubkb GKwU w¯úªs †U÷v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cixÿv Ki| †Ubkb wewb‡`©wkZ †Ubkb †_‡K Kg n‡j
cwieZ©b Ki|
- WvBb-wcb I †nv‡ji Ae¯’v wbixÿY Ki Ges †Kv‡bviƒc ÿwZi wPý cwijwÿZ n‡j, Bb‡RKUiB
evwZj K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
- Iqvmvi w¯úªs K¨vc jK bvU BZ¨vw` wbixÿY Ki I †Kvbiƒc KvUv/†Quov/dvUvi wPý cwijwÿZ n‡j
H hš¿vskmg~n cwieZ©b Ki|
- w¯úªs K¨vc bv‡Ui cu¨vPmg~n wbixÿY Ki|
Øv`k Aa¨vq
wWwcG cv¤ú ms‡hvRb, we‡qvRb I mvwf©wmsKiY
12.1 cv¤ú euvav (Fix the Pump)
- mwVK mvB‡Ri cv¤ú wdKPvi wbe©vPb K‡i fvB‡m A_ev nvBWªK¬v‡¤ú Ave× Ki|
- cv¤úwU mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cv¤ú wdKPvi Ave× Ki|
12.4 K¨vg A¨vWfvÝ ¯Œz †Lvjv (Take off the Cam Advance Screw)
- GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Uzj e¨envi K‡i K¨vg A¨vWfvÝ ¯Œz (1) wXjv `vI| K¨vg wis (2) †K gy³
Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a K¨vg A¨vWfvÝ ¯Œzi gv_vq nvjKv AvNvZ K‡i fvB‡mi wdKviwU Dëv Ae¯’v‡b
Av‡bv| Gevi R¡vjvwb mieivnKvix ÷vW I Iqvmvi (3) I (4) Ges †i‡Ä ms‡hvM (5) hy³ Ki|
GB mgq G¸‡jvi Ae¯’v‡b jÿ¨ iv‡Lv|
- GÛ †cøU mveavbZvi mv‡_ AcmviY Ki| †Lqvj Ki W‡qj (4) UªvÝdvi cv¤ú jvBbvi MÖæf (5)
Gi g‡a¨ wQj|
- UªvÝdvi cv¤ú wXjv w`‡Z †ivUi c„‡ôi Zxi wPý Abyhvqx GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Uzj e¨envi Ki| †h
†ivU‡i †Kv‡bv wPý _v‡K bv †m‡ÿ‡Î cv‡¤úi †U÷ WvUvq †h cv¤ú N~Y©b w`K _v‡K, H w`‡K wXjv
w`‡q †Lv‡jv|
12.7 WªvBf k¨vdU ¯Œz †Lvjv (Undo the Drive Shaft Srcew)
- `ywU we‡kl ai‡bi Uzj e¨envi K‡i WªvBf nve †_‡K WªvBf k¨vdU ¯Œz K‡qK cvK wXjv `vI|
- cv¤ú wdKPvi †_‡K Ly‡j mZK©Zvi mv‡_ GKwU we‡kl Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ WªvBf nve mxj AcmviY Ki|
12.12 WªvBf nve mxj †mUKiY (Set the Drive Hub Seal)
- bZzb `ywU WªvBf nve mxj cwi®‹vi †U‡÷ A‡q‡j Wzwe‡q †aŠZ Ki, AZtci WªvBf nve mxjwU c~‡e©i
RvqMvq cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q ¯^¯’v‡b †mU Ki|
- I‡qU wiUvBbvim~n mshy&³ Ki‡Z wPÎ Abyhvqx µvm WªvBf ¯úøvBb nve (1) µvm WªvBf wi‡UBbvi
(2) ivevi BbmvU© (3) µvm WªvBf e¨vK †cøU (4) GKwÎZ Ki|
- Mfb©i I‡qUmg~n mshy³ Ki‡Z chv©qµ‡g WªvBf k¨vdU (1) _ªv÷ w¯øf (2) _ªv÷ Iqvmvi (3)
Mfb©i I‡qU (4) Ges µvm WªvBf wi‡UBbvi A¨v‡mgweø (5) wPÎ Abyhvqx ms¯’vcb Ki|
12.13 WªvBf k¨vd&U ¯Œz UvBU †`Iqv (Tighten the Drive Shaft Screw) :
- we‡kl ai‡bi Uzj e¨envi K‡i ¯Œz UvBU `vI|
12.14 wWw÷ªweDUi †nW †ivUi ¯Œz UvBU †`Iqv (Tighten the Distributor Head Rotor Screw) :
- WªvBd k¨vdU GÛ †cøU cixÿv Ki| GUv †Kv‡bv mgq 0.25 wg.wg. (0.010 BwÄ) Gi †ewk nIqv
DwPZ bq| GUv mvaviYZ nv‡ei cðvrfvM (1) Ges cv¤ú ewW (2) Gi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b cwigvc
Ki‡Z nq|
- mviwK¬c (1) cv¤ú nvDwRs-G cÖ‡ek KivI| Zvi ¯‹qvi cÖvß †hb B݇cKkb wQ‡`ªi gvSvgvwS
Ae¯’vq _v‡K|
- Gevi K¨vg wis mviwK¬‡ci mv‡_ jvwM‡q emvI †hb cv¤ú †bg †cø‡U wb‡`w©wkZ Zxi wPý Abyhvqx Ges
cv‡¤úi †Lvj cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K _v‡K| AZtci wdKPvi Dëvfv‡e euvwa‡q K¨vg A¨vWfvÝ ¯Œz UvBU `vI|
12.14 WªvBf †cøU ¯Œz UvBU †`Iqv (Tighten the Drive Plate Screw) :
- Uc A¨vWRvw÷s †cø‡Ui (1) K¨vgKvW© cÖvšÍ wb¤œgyLx K‡i Ges Zvi cvMy‡jv eUg A¨vWRvw÷s †cø‡Ui
(2) MvBW ¯ø‡U ewm‡q ms‡hvRb Ki †hb Uc †cø‡Ui ¯øUwU wWw÷ªweDUi †cviUi †n‡Wi (3) ¯ŒvBe
jvB‡bi mv‡_ wg‡j _v‡K| WªvBf †cøU (4) hy³ Ki hv‡Z ¯øUwU ÔGÕ I GBPÕ Aÿi wP‡ýi gvSvgvwS
Ae¯’vq Av‡m nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ WªvBf †cøU ¯Œz (5) UvBU `vI|
- _ªU cvBc (2) ms‡hvM KiZ cv¤ú †ivUi Nywi‡q †ewk R¡vjvwb mieivn Ae¯’v‡b Av‡bv| GgZve¯’vq
gvB‡µvwgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †ivjvi †_‡K †ivjv‡ii e¨vm cwigvc Ki| †Lqvj Ki cixÿvKvjxb Pvc
†hb 30 A¨vUg Gi †ewk bv nq|
- WªvBf †cøU GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Uz‡j Ave× K‡i WªvBf †cøU ¯Œzmg~n mgvbfv‡e UvBU `vI|
e¨envwiK 365
12.15 A‡Uv A¨vWfvÝ wWfvBm mshy³KiY (Fit the Auto Advance Device)
- cv¤ú nvDwRs (2) G bZzb M¨vm‡KU (1) ms¯’vcb Ki| hv‡Z K¨vg A¨vWfvÝ ¯Œz wc÷b (4) Gi
wfZi ms‡hvM N‡U| Gevi K¨vc bvU Iqvmvi (5) mn K¨vc bvU (6) UvBU `vI|
12.16 UªvÝdvi cv¤ú †ivUi UvBU †`Iqv (Tighten the Transfer Pump Rotor)
- wgUvwis fvj&f-Gi wQ`ª nvDwRs-Gi mv‡_ mgwš^Z K‡i †nW ¯Œz Iqvmvi (3) †nW jwKs ¯Œz (4) †nW
A¨v‡mgweø Ges Iqvmvimn UvBU `vI|
- WªvBf nvi jL UªvÝdvi cv¤ú †ivUi cv¤ú N~Y©‡bi wecixZ w`‡K mwVK U‡K© UvBU `vI|
·qqv`k Aaa¨vq
†gvUim
mvB‡Kj
j m¤ú‡K
K© `ÿZvv AR©b
13.3
3 †gvUi mvB‡ B‡K‡ji Kve©‡iUi
y‡i mvwf©wmssKiY :
- Kve©
K y‡iU‡ii DciD n‡Z Gqvvi wdëvi, Gwm G cv¤ú †_‡‡K AvMZ dz‡qj q jvBb, Gww·jv‡iUi mss‡hvM
B
BZ¨vw` wehy³ Ki|
- Kve©
K y‡iU‡ii evvB‡ii Ask big bi eªvk I †c
c‡Uªvj Øviv cwi
wi®‹vi Ki|
- ga¨eZ©
g x ¯’v‡bii cvZjv M¨vm
m‡KUwU cªmviYY Ki|
e¨ennvwiK 367
- BBwÄb‡K Avbylw½K
l gvDw›Us †_‡K Avjv`vv Ki|
- B
BwÄb‡K iwkii û‡Ki m‡½ a‡i
a cwi®‹vi ¯’v‡b ivL|
- wm
wmwjÛvi †n‡W
Wi m‡½ ms‡hvvM wew”Qbœ Ki|
- A
AZtci big Kvco
K I gwejj Øviv cwi®‹vii Ki|
13.5
5 †gvUimvB‡‡K‡ji Bwćbbi wewfbœ hš¿švsk
v cwi®‹vi,, cixÿv I wbbixÿvKiY :
- Bwćbi
B mv‡_ mshy³ wewfbœ hš¿vsk gwej ev wMqvi A‡qq‡ji mv‡_ cwi®‹
c vi Ki|
- cieZ©
c x‡Z bigg Kvco w`‡qq cwi®‹vi Ki|
Yi I‡qj wmj cwieZ©b Ki|
- cÖ‡Z¨K †ÿ‡ÎBB wehy³Ki‡Yi
Re ZvwjKv
1. dz‡qj wm‡÷g mvwf©wmsKiY|
2. Kzwjs wm‡÷g mvwf©wmsKiY|
3. jyweª‡KwUs wm‡÷g mvwf©wmsKiY|
4. wmwjÛvi †nW wW-Kv‡e©vbvBwRsKiY|
5. wc÷b mvwf©wmsKiY|
6. Kv‡bKwUs iW I wc÷b ms‡hvRb|
7. U¨v‡cU wK¬qv‡iÝ mgš^qKiY|
8. µvsK k¨vdU I K¨vg k¨vdU mvwf©wmsKiY|
9. BwÄb UvBwgsKiY|
10. BwÄb fvj&f I fvj&f wmU wiKwÛkwbsKiY|
11. BwÄb wUDwbsKiY|
12. BwÄb IfvinwjsKiY|
13. Bwćbi wewfbœ †MR I wgUvi ch©‡e¶Y|
14. wmGbwR, GjwcwR I BGdAvB ch©‡e¶Y|
mgvß