INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PROGRAM: INFORMATIONTECNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

“Gi-Fi”
NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

BY:

&

ADVISER MR. GEMCHU .B

JUN, 2021

JIMMA, ETHIOPIA

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A person is successful only when he grabs every opportunity in his way and works hard on it.
This is only possible when he is guided by somebody. We also got such an opportunity that was
to do a seminar for “GI-FI (GIGABIT WIRELESS) TECHNOLOGY”.

ABSTRACT

Gi-Fi will helps to push wireless communications to faster drive. For many years cables
ruled the world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit rates and faster

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transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus led to wireless
access. The foremost of this is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts. Wi-Fi followed it having
coverage area of 91mts. No doubt, introduction of Wi-Fi wireless networks has proved a
revolutionary solution to “last mile” problem. However, the standard’s original limitations for
data exchange rate and range, number of channels, high cost of the infrastructure have not yet
made it possible for Wi-Fi to become a total threat to cellular networks on the one hand, and
hard-wire networks, on the other. But the man’s continuous quest for even better technology
despite the substantial advantages of present technologies led to the introduction of new, more
up-to-date standards for data exchange rate i.e., Gi-Fi.
Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that
operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data
up to 5gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of
the cost, usually within a range of 10 meters. It utilizes a 5mm square chip and a 1mm wide
antenna burning less than 2watts of power to transmit data wirelessly over short distances, much
like Bluetooth.
The development will enable the truly wireless office and home of the future. As the
integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will
mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally become a reality.
In this we present a low cost, low power and high broadband chip, which will  be vital in
enabling the digital economy of the future.

CONTENTS

1ACKNOWLEDGMENT

2ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................................3
2. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................5
2.1 WHY Gi-Fi?.........................................................................................................................................6

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 2.2 Bluetooth...........................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Wi-Fi..................................................................................................................................................6
2.4 Bluetooth versus wi-fi........................................................................................................................7
2.5 Applications of Bluetooth vs. Wi-fi....................................................................................................7
3.WHAT IS GI-FI.......................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Architecture of Gi-Fi:..........................................................................................................................10
4. WORKING PRINCIPLE USED IN GI-FI............................................................................................11
4.1 Time -Division Duplex......................................................................................................................11
5 FREQUENCY OF OPERATION...........................................................................................................12
5.1 Operation at 60 Ghz.........................................................................................................................12
5.1 Ultra-wide band frequency usage……………………………………………………………………………………………………12

5.2APPLICATIONS..................................................................................................................................14
5.3 DISADVANTAGES GF…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16

6. FUTURE SCOPE..................................................................................................................................17
7. CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................18
8. REFERNCE..........................................................................................................................................18

2 INTRODUCTION

Wi-Fi (IEEE-802.11b) and Wi-Max (IEEE-802.16e) have captured our attention, as there
are no recent developments in the above technologies which cannot transfer data and video
information at a faster rate and led to the introduction of Gi-fi technology. It offers some

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advantages over Wi-Fi, a similar wireless technology, that offers faster information rate in Gbps
less power consumption and low cost for short range transmissions.
Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip in
which a small antenna used and both transmitter- receiver are integrated on a single chip which
is fabricated using the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.   Because
of Gi-Fi   transfer of large videos, files can be done within seconds.
Researchers of Melbourne University has come up with a wireless technology which
promises high speed short range data transfers with a speed of up to 5Gbps within a radius of 10
meters. The new wireless technology is named as Gi-Fi and operates on the 60GHz frequency
band, which is currently mostly unused. The Gi-Fi Chip developed by the Australian researcher’s
measures 5mm square and is manufactured using existing complementary metal-oxide-
semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the same system that is currently used to print silicon chips.
The best part about this new technology is its cost effectiveness and power consumption,
it consumes only 2watts of power for its operation with antenna (1mm) included and the
development of Gi-Fi chip costs approximately $10( Rs 380) to manufacture.
In theory this technology would transfers GB’s of your favorite high definition movies in
seconds. So Gi-Fi can be considered as a challenger to Bluetooth rather than Wi-Fi and could
find applications ranging from new mobile phones to consumer electronics.

2.1 WHY Gi-Fi?

The reason for pushing into Gi-Fi technology is because of slow rate, high power consumption,
low range of frequency operations of earlier technologies i.e. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, see the
comparisons and features of those two technologies.

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 2.1 Bluetooth
Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short
distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices, creating
personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecoms vendor
Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It
can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. Today Bluetooth is
managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called
frequency-hopping spread spectrum, which chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of
it on up to 79 bands (1 MHz each) in the range 2402-2480 MHz. This is in the globally
unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band.

2.2 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi technology builds on IEEE 802.11 standards. Wi-Fi allows the deployment of local
area networks (LANs) without wires for client devices, typically reducing the costs of network
deployment and expansion. Spaces where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas and
historical buildings, can host wireless LANs. As of 2010 manufacturers are building wireless
network adapters into most laptops. The price of chipsets for Wi-Fi continues to drop, making it
an economical networking option included in even more devices. Wi-Fi has become widespread
in corporate infrastructures. Different competitive brands of access points and client network-
interfaces can inter-operate at a basic level of service. Products designated as "Wi-Fi Certified"
by the Wi-Fi Alliance are backwards compatible. "Wi-Fi" designates a globally operative set of
standards: unlike mobile phones, any standard Wi-Fi device will work anywhere in the world.

2.3 Bluetooth versus wi-fi

Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are different standards for wireless communication

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 Table 1.4.1 Bluetooth vs wi-fi

2.5 Applications of Bluetooth vs. Wi-fi

Bluetooth technology is useful when transferring information between two or more

devices that are near each other when speed is not an issue, such as telephones, printers, modems
and headsets. It is best suited to low-bandwidth applications like transferring sound data with
telephones (i.e. with a Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand-held computers (transferring
files). Wi-Fi is better suited for operating full-scale networks because it enables a faster
connection, better range from the base station, and better security than Bluetooth

3 WHAT IS Gi-Fi?
Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates
at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at up to 5
gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth the cost.

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NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57-64GHz unlicensed
frequency band as the millimeter-wave range of the spectrum makes possible high component
on-chip integration as well as allowing for the integration of very small high gain arrays. The
available 7GHz of spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users
within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 meters. It satisfies the standards of
IEEE 802.15.3C The Gi-Fi integrated wireless transceiver chip developed at the National ICT
Research Centre, Australia Research Centre, Australia.
A new silicon chip developed in Melbourne is predicted to revolutionize the way
household gadgets like televisions, phones and DVD players talk to each other. The tiny five-
millimeter-a-side chip can transmit data through a wireless connection at a breakthrough five
gigabits per second over distances of up to 10 meters. An entire high-definition movie could be
transmitted to a mobile phone in a few seconds, and the phone could then upload the movie to a
home computer or screen at the same speed. The "Gi-Fi" was unveiled today at the Melbourne
University-based laboratories of NICTA, the national information and communications
technology research Centre.
Short-range wireless technology is a hotly contested area, with research teams around the
world racing to be the first to launch such a product. Professor Skafiadas said his team was the
first to demonstrate a working transceiver-on-a-chip that uses CMOS (complementary metal-
oxide-semiconductor) technology - the cheap, ubiquitous technique that prints silicon chips.
This means his team is ahead and stood in front of the competition in terms of price and
power demand. His chip uses only a tiny one-millimeter-wide antenna and less than two watts of
power, and would cost less than $10 to manufacture.

Fig 1.0 Chip of Gi-Fi

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 The chip shown in the above figure uses the 60GHz "millimeter wave" spectrum to
transmit the data, which gives an advantage over Wi-Fi (wireless internet). Wi-Fi's part of the
spectrum is increasingly crowded, sharing the waves with devices such as cordless phones,
which leads to interference and slower speeds. But the millimeter wave spectrum (30 to 300
GHz) is almost unoccupied, and the new chip is potentially hundreds of times faster than the
average home Wi-Fi unit. However, Wi-Fi still benefits from being able to provide wireless
coverage over a greater distance.

3.1 Architecture of Gi-Fi:

The core components of a Gi-Fi system is the subscriber station which available to several access
points. It supports standard of IEEE 802.15.3C supports millimeter-wave wireless pan network
used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital
assistants) close to one person. An 802.15.3C based system often uses small antenna at the
subscriber station. The antenna is mounted on the roof. It supports line of sight operation.

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Fig:-2.0.1GIGABIT WIRELESS PAN NETWORK

FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES IN 802.15.3C:

This millimeter-Wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear band including 57-64 GHz
unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high
coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in the 802.15 family of
WPANs.

4 WORKING PRINCIPLE USED IN GI-FI

In this we will use time division duplex for both transmission and receiving. Here data
files are up converted from IF range to RF60Ghz range by using 2 mixers and we will fed this to
an power amplifier, which feeds millimeter wave antenna.

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 The incoming RF signal is first down converted to an IF signal centered at 5 GHz and
then to normal data ranges. Here we will use heterodyne construction for this process to avoid
leakages due to direct conversion and due to availability of 7Ghz spectrum the total data will be
will be transferred within seconds.

4.1 Time -Division Duplex

Time-Division Duplex (TDD) is the application of time-division multiplexing to separate

outward and return signals. It emulates full duplex communication over a half duplex
communication link. Time division duplex has a strong advantage in the case where the
asymmetry of the uplink and downlink data speed is variable. As uplink traffic increases, more
channel capacity can dynamically be allocated to that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away. .
For radio systems that aren't moving quickly, another advantage is that the uplink and downlink
radio.

5 FREQUENCY OF OPERATION
Operation at 60 Ghz

Here we will use millimeter wave antenna which will operate at 60Ghz frequency which
is unlined band .Because of this band we are achieving  high  data rates energy propagation in
the 60 GHz band has unique characteristics that make possible many other benefits such as
excellent immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency re-use.

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 Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years for
satellite-to-satellite communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10-
15 dB/Km).As shown in the figure 5.1.1 the absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance,
so that signals cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an
excellent choice for covert communication

Oxygen Attenuation vs. Frequency

5.1 Ultra-wide band frequency usage

UWB , a technology with high bit rate, high security and faster data transmission. It is a
zero carrier technique with low coverage area. So we have low power consumption.  These
features are Ultra-Wideband is a technology for transmitting information spread over a large
bandwidth (>500 MHz) that should, be able to share spectrum with other users. Regulatory
settings of FCC are intended to provide an efficient use of scarce radio bandwidth while enabling
both high data rate personal-area network (PAN) wireless connectivity and longer-range, low
data rate applications as well as radar and imaging systems

6 FEATURES OF Gi-Fi:

The Gi-Fi standard has been developed with many objectives in mind. These are summarized
below:

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 High speed of data transfer:

The main invention of Gi-Fi is to provide higher bit rate .As the name itself indicates data
transfer rate is in Giga bits per second. Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 Gbps, which is 10 times the present
data transfer. Because of this high speed data transfer, we can swap large video, audio, data files
within seconds. Because of wider availability of continuous 7 GHz spectrum results in high data
rates.

Low Power Consumption:

As the large amount of information transfer it utilizes mili-watts of power only. It consumes only
2mwatt power for data transfer of gigabits of information, where as in present technologies it
takes 10mwatt power, which is very high.

High Security:

As the IEEE 802.15.3C provides more security, it provides link level and service level security,
where these features are optional.

Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years by the
intelligence community for high security communications and by the military for satellite-to
satellite communications. The combined effects of O2 absorption and narrow beam spread result
in high security and low interference

Cost-effective:

Gi-Fi is based on an open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and the use of
low-cost, mass-produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, and the resultant
integrated wireless transceiver chip which transfers data at high speed low power  at low price
$10 only. which is very less As compare to present systems .As go on development the price 
will be decreased.

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 Small Size:

Fig 3.0.2 Chip of Gi-Fi

Gigabit wireless: The Gi-Fi integrated wireless transceiver chip developed at the National
ICT Research Centre, Australia. —

 Other features:
 High level of frequency re-use enabled – communication needs of multiple customers
within a small geographic region can be satisfied
 It is also highly portable-we can construct where ever we want.
 It deploys line of sight operation having only shorter coverage area, it has more flexible
architecture

5.2 APPLICATIONS GI-FI:

There are many usage scenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are some
applications of Gi-Fi Gi-Fi access devices:

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 Fig 4 .0.3Gi-Fi access devices

Some of the Gi-Fi access devices are shown in fig 4.0.3.These access devices include
termination units, internal radio modules, network interface cards ,printers, PC’s,and all
household electronic appliances.  

Broadcasting video signal transmission system in sports stadium   

Broadcasting video signals

Easy and immediate construction of temporal broadband network such as in sports stadium
for the advertisement of information distribution can be possible as shown in fig 5.0.4

Office appliances:

Fig:6.0.5 Office appliances

As gi-fi data transfer rate is very high we can transfer data at very high speed in offices as
shown in fig 6.0.5 which made work very easy and it also provides high quality of information
from the internet.

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  Video information transfer:

Fig 7.0.6 Video information transfer

By using present technologies video swapping takes hours of time where as with this
technology as shown in fig 7.0.6 we can transfer data at a speed of giga bits/sec same as that for
the transfer of information from a PC to a mobile and vice-versa.

5.3 DISADVANTAGES Gi-Fi

 The major disadvantage of Gi-Fi technology is its work in short distance only and it is not work
in long distance. So if we want to use its advantages for a wide range we need to wait for the
wide range application of Gi-Fi in future.
 It supports a short distance of about 10 meters due to high attenuation.
 The Gifi signals are easily blocked by objects due to lesser operating wavelength.
 RTS/CTS signals are not used in GiFi technology, unlike WiFi standard.
 It is less secure compared to LiFi system. This is because LiFi operates on light waves whereas
WiFi operates on Electro-magnetic waves.

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 6 FUTURE SCOPES:

As the integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The
breakthrough will mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally
become a reality. The Gi-Fi integrated transceiver chip may be launched by the starting of next
year by NICTA. Due to the less cost of chip so many companies are coming forward to launch
the chip. The potential of mm wave range for ultra-fast data exchange has prompted many
companies like intel, LG, Panasonic, Samsung, Sony& Toshiba to form wireless HD.
Specifically wireless HD has a stated goal of enabling wireless connectivity for streaming high
definition content between source devices and high definition devices.

7 CONCLUSION:
Within five years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant technology for wireless networking. By
that time it will be fully mobile, as well as providing low-cost, high broadband access, with very
high speed large files swapped within seconds which will develop wireless home and office of
future.
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If the success of Wi-Fi and the imminent wide usage of WiMax is any indication, Gi-Fi
potentially can bring wireless broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way.

8 REFERENCES:

1. www.wikipedia.org
2. www.ieee.org, www.sensable.com, www.technologyreview.com

3. http://www.yuvaengineers.com/?p=570
4. http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-gi-fi

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