Lesson 4: Compare and Contrast

STANDARDS
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of how world literature and other text types serve as ways of
expressing and resolving personal conflicts, also how to use strategies in linking textual information, repairing, enhancing
communication public speaking, emphasis markers in persuasive texts, different forms of modals, reflexive and intensive pronouns.
Performance Standard: The learner composes a short but powerful persuasive text using a variety of persuasive
techniques and devices.
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC): Compare and contrast the contents of the materials
viewed with outside sources of information in terms of accessibility and effectiveness EN10VC-IVa-15
Learning Objective: In this lesson, I will be able to:
a. Identify the different organizers used in comparing and contrasting;
b. Compare and contrast content of the material viewed.
c.
Before we begin your journey, let us first conduct a Pre-Test. This will help you find out if you already have an idea
regarding our lesson. Be sure to finish the Pre-Test. Good luck!

Activity 1: Name or Last Name

Write your NAME in the space provided if the statement is correct and write your LAST NAME if the statement is
wrong.
__________1. Comparing and Contrasting is an organizational skill used to arrange information in such a way that it can
be understood or presented more effectively.
__________2. To compare two or more elements is to find differences between them, while to contrast two or more
elements is to find similarities.
__________3. Venn diagrams are particularly not suitable for displaying comparisons as they can usefully display
areas of difference, as well as any overlapping similarities.
__________4. To create an effective and conclusive comparison out of numerous information, you have to use
conjunctions and transitions words.
__________5. You have to consider different sources of information in terms of accessibility and effectiveness in
comparing and contrasting.
__________6. One way to evaluate the effectiveness of a source, it to have an accurate information.

Score: 3-5-Amazing! You have a good store of knowledge.

2-below- Don’t worry! You’ll soon learn more about these things.

Nice try! You’ll have a better understanding of these things in the succeeding pages. However, before we discuss this new
topic. Let’s see whether you still remember what you’ve learned in the previous module.

Activity 2. Writer’s Intention

Read the following text and identify the author’s purpose. Write your answer on the space provided.
Text Author’s Purpose
“In the event of a crash landing, each passenger
should ensure that their seat belt is securely
fastened and tuck their arms, legs, and head into
their body.”
The death penalty is a good deterrent for
criminals. Beyond that, it is fair because the Bible
supports "an eye for an eye." We need to keep the
death penalty on the books.
The Philippines’ economic growth outlook
remains positive, yet downside risks have
increased. An expected slowdown in global trade
 in the medium term is likely to further dampen
Philippine exports.
“The zombie horde shambled up the hill in pursuit
of its prey, an injured pony whose frightened
whinnies incited a virtual zombie stampede!”
Score: 3-5-Amazing! You studied very well!!
2-below- Oh no! You need to revisit your previous lesson.

Good job! As a reader, it is important if you know the author’s reasons for writing. In this module, you will come
across with different information from variety of sources. The skill of knowing the writer’s purpose will a necessary tool
as you evaluate these pieces of writing.

LESSON/CONTENT

STUDY THESE

➢ What is compare and contrast?

First, we should define comparison and contrast. To compare two or more elements is to find similarities between
them, while to contrast two or more elements is to find differences. There are several different kinds of comparison
and contrast essays. You can just compare, just contrast, or find comparisons and contrasts. Usually, the purpose is to
make a decision or judgment about the elements based on the similarities and/or differences that you consider. For
example, you may want to decide which candidate to support in an election. To make your decision, you will need to
compare and contrast the candidates based on their positions on issues important to you.

➢ Importance of Comparative Thinking

Compare and contrast type questions are commonly featured in standardized tests, but there are many more reasons for
students like you to develop your comparative thinking skills than just passing tests. A few of the most compelling
reasons include:
● develop higher-order thinking skills
● improve comprehension in the process while focusing closely on the details
● long-term retention of learned material
● better understanding on how to organize information and think more clearly
● develop effective writing skills
Source: https://www.literacyideas.com/compare-and-contrast

➢ Graphic organizers for comparing and contrasting

Graphic organizers like Venn diagram and the ones below are particularly suitable for displaying comparisons as they can
usefully display areas of difference, as well as any overlapping similarities.

Now, let’s try to

level up your
skill. In the
previous
discussions,
when you
compare and
contrast subjects, they are usually of the same category/medium (e.g. two characters, two compositions). In the next
activity, try to compare and contrast information that are presented in two different mediums. Good luck!
Activity. Instigating an Investigation
Compare and contrast two sources of information (your own observation and the contents of an article) First,
observe your family members how they make themselves healthy. You may ask them some questions to better understand
their actions and beliefs on healthy living. Then, read the following article about Habits That Keep You Healthy. Take
note of the key points, and compare and contrast them to your observations. Choose from the abovementioned graphic
organizers to present your ideas.

Write your observations about your family here: (Please use another sheet if necessary.)

Habits That Keeps You Healthy

For keeping your body and mind healthy you have to follow certain rules that will help you achieve your
goal. Besides, there are certain measures that will help you to stay healthy.
First of all, for being healthy you have to plan and follow a strict diet. This diet should contain all the
essential minerals and vitamins required by the body. Also, eat only healthy food and avoid junk and
heavily carbohydrate and fatty food.
In addition, wake up early in the morning because first of all, it’s a healthy habit. Secondly, waking up
early means you can get ready for your work early, spend some quality time with your family. Besides, this
decides time for your sleep and sleep early because it de-stresses body.
Doing exercise regularly makes your body more active and it also releases the pent-up stress from the
muscles.
Avoid the mobile- the biggest drawback of this generation is that they are obsessed with their mobile
phones. Moreover, these phones cause many physical and mental problem for them. So, to avoid the
negative effects of mobile the usage volume of them should be reduced.
Connecting with positive minds because the more you indulge with these people then less you will go to
the negative side.
Source: Excerpted from Essay on Healthy Lifestyle For Students and Children. https://www.toppr.com/guides/essays/essay-on-healthy-
lifestyle/?fbclid=IwAR1x71hBZ8dSDRoG70Ho-IQ1Ou44NJIzmSlvEq0gtc9bZFo8CC9ZQ5umXBc
 (Use this space for your graphic organizer.)

Conjunctions and Transition Words

In the next pages, you will be encountering topics that can be presented in different mediums and viewpoints. To
create an effective and conclusive comparison out of numerous information, you have to use conjunctions and transitions
words.

Comparison Words Contrast Words

like* Similarly but * In contrast
likewise* Likewise yet* Conversely
same as* In the same manner although * Dissimilarly
also, too* In like manner even though* Nevertheless
both* In the same way whereas* However
On the other hand
*Note: These are all conjunctions and can be used to link clauses within a sentence. However, the rest of the
connectives in the list are not conjunctions but connecting adverbs/transition words and should only be used to link
separate sentences.
Example:
Arman loves basketball but his brother Amir loves volleyball.
Arman loves basketball. However, his brother Amir loves volleyball.

FIRM UP
Activity: Describe infographic and article below.
 Infographic Article

Title: Title:
Author/Publisher: Author/Publisher:
Content: Content:

Based on the picture above, identify the similarities and differences between the infographic and article. Use Venn
Diagram to visually display the information.

Craft the Connections

Based on your answers on Activity Compare and Contrast write five sentences that show comparison and five sentences
that show contrast. Use appropriate conjunctions and connecting adverbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Well, you’re almost there. Keep going! Just don’t forget all things you’ve learned in this module. You’ll be needing them
as you make a huge breakthrough in your journey.

DEEPEN
Activity: Complete Me!
Direction: Complete the following sentences below: Write two (2) to three (3) sentences.
1. I realized that this lesson will help me
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2. Comparing and contrasting using varied sources is important because
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3. Comparing and contrasting is essential for making connections because
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Great job! After completing all those tasks, you are now able to master the skills in comparing and contrasting. Soon
you’ll be equipped with skills that will be helpful especially in research where you need to be a critical thinker.

ASSESSMENT
Direction: Identify the appropriate conjunctions/transitions words to complete the following sentences. Write your
answer on the space provided
1. Abegail is wearing a pink dress, __________ Anna is wearing a blue one.
2. _________ the book and the movie open with the same scene.
3. Andrew likes vegetable, __________ Emily can’t stand it.
4. I brought a cake. Joey, ____________, brought pie.
5. _________ Eddie and Fred are members of our basketball team.
6. These home-made cookies are delicious. ___________, this butter cake is very flavorful.
7. Watering new plants is necessary for growth. ___________, too much water can ruin them.
8. Tim has a lot of opinions; Blake, ___________, never tells me what he thinks.
9. Willie knows the answer. _________, he’s too shy to raise his hand.
10.Tubbataha Reef is one of six UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Philippines _________ Puerto Princesa
Underground River.
Activity 2: Practice your ability to compare and contrast multiple things. Here’s another set of sources that discuss
similar topic. Write a compare-and-contrast paragraph with a conclusive idea. Use a separate paper for your write-
up.

Source:https://www.schriever.af.mil/News/ Watch on Youtube:

Photos/igphoto/2002213339/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJasaMlgzNs

Video Transcription:
7 Ways To Get Past Nicotine Cravings
Carvings usually last for 10 minutes. Every time you get through one, you’re that much closer to quitting for
good.
1.Steer Clear of Triggers
-If you usually smoke while talking on the phone, try doodling or coloring instead.
2.Set a Timer
-Instead of giving, wait 10 minutes while you find something to distract yourself
3.Chew Something
-Busy your mouth by chewing sugarless gum or munching on raw carrots.
4.Run and Don Stairs
-As if you need another reason to exercise. Even a short burst can curb a craving
5.Call or Surf For Support
-Text a friend or call a quitline. Read blogs by quitters and post motivating comments.
6.Discover New ways to De-stress
-Try yoga, Deep-breathing, massage or music. You might be surprised how well they work.
7.Review you reasons
-Review yourself why you want to quit. There’s no better motivation
 (Write your answer here:)
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Congratulations! You’ve made this far. This suggests that you’re now ready to take on challenges that would not just
benefit you but also those who are around you.
INTEGRATION OF FAITH, VALUES AND LEARNING

REFERENCES
Source: Excelsior Online Writing Lab (OWL). Evaluating an Author’s Intent. https://owl.excelsior.edu/orc/what-to-do-after-
reading/analyzing/evaluating-an-authors-intent/
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/83/4f/61/834f61916b0dc45acd93660d1bcb73d2.png
https://online.visual-paradigm.com/servlet/editor-content/knowledge/brainstorming/what-is-y-chart/sites/7/2020/05/y-
chart-template.png
https://freeology.com/wp-content/files/studytemplate4-thumb.png
https://venngage-wordpress.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2018/08/government.jpg
http://images.computerhistory.org/revonline/images/500004288-03-01.jpg?w=600
Watch on Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJasaMlgzNs
Source:https://www.schriever.af.mil/News/Photos/igphoto/2002213339/