1.

Plane Surveys
a.) are made to locate precisely the points for horizontal control.
b.) cover limited areas and disregard the earth’s curvature
c.) are conducted by means of a plane table.
d.) are used to locate ground points for serial photography.

2. Geodetic surveys
a.) are conducted from an aeroplane for the purpose of mapping.
b.) involve large areas and take the earth’s curvature into account.
c.) are made with the surveyor’s compass.
d.) are a type of hydrographic survey.

3. Topographic surveys are surveys for

a.) determining land boundaries and areas.
b.) determining the shape of the bottom of rivers, lakes and harbors.
c.) locating objects below the earth’s surface.
d.) determining the shape of the surface of the ground and the location of natural and artificial
features on it.

4. The establishing of precise horizontal and vertical control points for detailed surveys is one of
the functions of the:
a.) Bureau of Standards c.) Coast and Geodetic Survey
b.) Corps of Engineers d.) General Land Office
5. Constant or systematic errors are:
a.) Compensating c.) Personal
b.) accidental d.) cumulative

6. Distance between two points in surveying means.

a.) distance measured with a steep tape
b.) horizontal distance
c.) vertical distance
d.) distance measured by stadia

7. An erecting telescope differs from an inverting telescope eyepiece chiefly in that it

a.) has more lenses c.) give a clearer image
b.) is more accurate d.) has less magnifying power

8. A term used to describe an apparent movement of the cross-hairs over the image, due to a
slight movement of the eye from side to side is called
a.) astigmatism c.) parallax
b.) myopia d.) refraction

9. The condition of parallax occurs in a transit or level telescope because

a.) the eyepiece is focused for infinite distance.
b.) the intersection of the cross-hairs is not on the longitudinal axis of the telescope.
c.) the cross-hairs and the image from the objective lens are in the same plane.
d.) the cross-hairs are not in the focal plane of the eyepiece

10. In order to avoid repeating an error of the original computer, calculations should be checked
by:
a.) repeating the operations of the original computer
b.) computing by a difference method that the original computer.
c.) checking the original data
d.) reviewing the transcription of data and checking the calculation by independent methods.

11. The type of scale used most often by draftsmen to determine distances is the
a.) engineer’s c.) graphical
b.) architect’s d.) rhumba

12. If good field work is to be done with the compass, the surveyor should
a.) keep the declinator set at zero
b.) not carry a watch or pen knife.
c.) keep the needle swinging freely at all times.
d.) keep the point of the pivot sharp.

13. The nuts and bolts at the head of a tripod should be tightened so that the legs
a.) permit a slight twist for adjusting the head.
b.) squeak faintly when moved in and out
c.) will sink slowly to the ground.
d.) will stand in a horizontal position.

14. An auxiliary scale which slides along the main scale of a transit permitting the smallest
division of the main scale to be subdivided is called a
a.) micrometer c.) vernier
b.) planimeter d.) declinator

15. The least count of a Vernier is the

a.) number of divisions on main scale divided by number of divisions on vernier
b.) difference in number of divisions on main scale and vernier
c.) value of smallest division on main scale divided by number of divisions on vernier
d.) smallest value that can be read directly from the scale

16. A super visor’s relations with his subordinate chief of party should be
a.) standardized and uniform for each case in order to be fair
b.) varied depending upon circumstances
c.) controlled with no show of emotion
d.) serious and determined in each case
17. The most important job of a supervisor of field survey is to
a.) make himself liked
b.) get work done efficiently
c.) enforce discipline
d.) impress his men with his ability

18. In determining the cost of running a survey party,

a.) the breakdown of costs into direct and indirect factors is arbitrary
b.) direct charges can be varied readily over a year without loss of efficiency
c.) addition of 10% for profit on cash expenditures and 10% Interest from time of expense is to
take care of bad debts.
d.) it is not practical to base prices, salaries and costs on an index.

19. Before making a survey between certain points for a possible highway location the first step
is to obtain
a.) any state road maps covering the general area
b.) a quadrangle map of the USGS and any aerial photos and check them
c.) locations of any benchmarks in the area
d.) locations of any statewide coordinate points.

20. In highway surveys to determine drainage requirements, if quadrangles and air phots are
not available.
a.) the perimeter of larger drainage areas may be traversed
b.) small areas visible from center line can be banned from points on it.
c.) high water marks are sometimes accepted based upon physical evidence only
d.) all of above correct

21. The cosine of an angle of a triangle in terms of its complimentary on supplementary angles
is equal to the
a.) reciprocal of the sine of the angle
b.) square of the sine of the angle
c.) sine of an angle equal to 90 deg minus the angle
d.) tangent of the angle divided by the cotangent of the angles

22. Probable error is defined as

a.) error having greatest probability
b.) limits between which the true error lies
c.) error must likely to occur
d.) limits between which the true error has a 50 – 50 chance of falling.

23. Chromatic aberration of a telescope lens system is best reduced by using

a.) concave lenses c.) color filters
b.) concave and convex lenses d.) crows and flint glass lenses
24. A pantograph is a (an)
a.) form of planimeter
b.) scale comparable with a Beaman arc
c.) attachment for a tellurometer
d.) device to enlarge or reduce the scale of a drawing.

25. The method of least squares is used in surveying to aid in

a.) reducing corrections to observed values
b.) finding average values
c.) setting slope stakes
d.) adjusting triangulation nets

26. A correct relationship is

a.) 1 grad = π radians c.) 100 grads = 1200mils
b.) 1 degree = 0.90 grads d.) none of these

27. The Gunter’s or Surveyor’s chain is

a.) extensively used for accurate measurement of distances.
b.) the unit of measure for surveys of the Public Lands
c.) a continuous flat steel ribbon 100 ft. long.
d.) preferred for use in flat open country.

28. When measuring with the steel tape over rough or sloping ground by holding the tape
horizontally, the greatest error results from
a.) Holding the tape out of level c.) too great tension
b.) careless plumbing d.) too much sag

29. When measuring with the steel tape the head chainman should have
a.) the zero end ahead
b.) put the 100 ft. end ahead
c.) the end ahead which is best adapted to the procedure
d.) no preference as to which end is ahead

30. When measuring with the steel tape it is important at the very beginning of the survey for
the chainmen to
a.) put the zero end ahead
b.) put the 100 ft. end ahead
c.) not the exact location of the zero 100 ft. marks
d.) note the method of marking the 5 ft. intervals

31. The usual manner of supporting a steel tape when using it under general conditions is
a.) at both ends
b.) at ends and quarter points
c.) at ends and center
d.) throughout its length on a level surface

32. To prosecute the work rapidly and accurately the head chainman should
a.) set the pins vertically
b.) stand so as to face the tape and off the line of sight
c.) line the rear chainman in
d.) remove obstructions form the tape.

33. A “station” as used in measuring linear distances is considered to be any point on a line
a.) occupied by an instrument
b.) at a multiple of a full tape length established by continuous chaining from a point of
beginning.
c.) where a rod reading is to be taken
d.) established by continuous chaining form a point of beginning.

34. The term “station” when used in connection with distance is generalized considered in its
broadest sense to be
a.) a unit of distance equal to 100 ft.
b.) any point on a line occupied by a transit or level
c.) any point on a line set by continuous chaining from a point of beginning
d.) any point on a line where a rod reading is to be taken

35. When precision greater than 1/10 000 is required in measurement made with a steel tape,
corrections must be applied because
a.) wind causes a horizontal deflection of the tape
b.) the chainmen cannot transfer a point accurately by plumbing
c.) the tape is seldom used under condition for which it was standardized
d.) most tapes are not the correct length.

36. The most serious errors in ordinary taping are caused by

a.) holding one end of the tape too high or too low and not making the slope correction
b.) temperature variation
c.) errors in alignment
d.) errors in plumbing

37. A level surface which is used as a reference for measuring vertical distance called a
a.) bench mark c.) datum plane
b.) grade surface d.) horizontal surface

38. Profile leveling differs from differential leveling generally in the number of
a.) backlights c.) foresights
b.) instrument set ups d.) turning points
39. Profile leveling and differential leveling generally in the number of
a.) principle c.) field procedure
b.) accuracy d.) purpose

40. The term “backsight” in leveling means

a.) a sight in the general direction to the rear
b.) the vertical distance from the line of sight to a point whose elevation is to be determined.
c.) a rod reading on a point whose elevation is known.
d.) a rod reading on a turning point.

41. The height of instrument as used in leveling means the

a.) distance from the ground to the line of sight.
b.) elevation of the line of sight above the datum plane.
c.) height of the line of sight above the turning point or bench mark.
d.) overall height of the tripod and level combined.

42. Reciprocal leveling is used when

a.) a unit of distance equal to 100 ft.
b.) any point on a line occupied by a transit or level
c.) any point on a line set by continuous chaining from a point of beginning
d.) any point on a line where a rod reading is to be taken

43. Profile leveling is used when

a.) the elevations of the ground surface along a definite line are desired.
b.) the difference of elevation between any two points is desired.
c.) a less accurate determination of elevations is satisfactory
d.) unbalanced sights are necessary

44. The dumpy level differs from the wye level chiefly because it
a.) is more accurate
b.) has the telescope removable from its supports.
c.) can be adjusted more readily.
d.) has the telescope rigidly attached to its supports.

45. A double rodded line of levels means a line run

a.) in only one direction using two rods.
b.) twice in the same direction using one rod.
c.) using two turning points for each set up of the instrument.
d.) In both directions using only one rod.

46. A Philadelphia leveling rod is a

a.) target rod c.) target and self-reading rod
b.) self-reading rod d.) single section rod.
47. Regular stadia rods differ from leveling rods chiefly in
a.) width and thickness c.) design of marking
b.) length d.) readability at longer distances

48. A double rodded line of levels is a line which is run

a.) from one bench mark to another and back using a single rod and rodman.
b.) from one bench mark to another in one direction only using two rodmen and rods, as in
precise work
c.) from one bench mark to another either in one direction or in both directions
d.) as an especially long line which does not close on a previously established B.M. whose
elevation is known.

49. In leveling operations, the practice of keeping distances to the backsights and the foresights
equalized eliminates the error caused by the
a.) bubble tube not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
b.) axis of the bubble tube and the line of sight not being in the same vertical plane
c.) horizontal cross-hair not being truly horizontal.
d.) line of sight not being parallel to the bubble tube axis

50. The most important characteristic of contour lines on a map is that

a.) they never cross each other
b.) they always close on each other within the limits of the map.
c.) all points on any one contour are in the same elevation
d.) they are not equally spaced on uniform slopes.

51. On a contour map, closely spaced contour lines Indicate

a.) Flat Slope c.) a relatively sharp slope
b.) very irregular land d.) a change in slope

52. On a plane sloping surface contour lines would be

a.) concentric curves uniformly spaced.
b.) straight parallel lines
c.) spaced at varying distances
d.) straight converging lines.

53. The grid or cross-section method of locating contours in the field is especially well adapted
to
a.) small areas, contour intervals 1-2 ft., accurate location important.
b.) small areas, such as city lots, accurate location of contours not important
c.) large areas, large contour interval, map small scale
d.) large areas, large contour interval irregular ground.

54. The Interpolation method of locating contours in the field is preferable when the
a.) ground surface is gently sloping
b.) scale of the map is large
c.) area is small
d.) contour interval is large, ground irregular

55. The direct method of locating contours in the field is preferable when the
a.) ground surface is irregular c.) contour interval is large
b.) map scale is small d.) ground surface is gently rolling

56. Elimination of the errors due to curvature and refraction in leveling operations is
accomplished by keeping.
a.) lengths of sights less than 300 ft.
b.) distances to backsights and foresights balanced.
c.) level bubble accurately centered without regard to distances
d.) axis of line of sight perpendicular to the vertical axis.

57. A point observed by a level or transit appears to be higher that it really is because of
a.) curvature of the earth’s surface
b.) parallax of the telescope.
c.) refraction of the air
d.) convergence of light rays within the telescope

58. The most widely used means of representing relief in mapping is

a.) hachures c.) contour lines
b.) form lines d.) tinting (colors)

59. The hand level

a.) usually has 2x magnification
b.) is accurate enough for setting forms
c.) has no adjustment other than for focusing.
d.) utilizes a 45-degrees prism.

60. Short lines of various widths drawn on a map in the direction of greatest slope are
commonly called
a.) form lines c.) hachures
b.) contours d.) slope lines

61. Lines that cross each other at even elevation on a topographic are called
a.) contour lines c.) hachures
b.) form lines d.) none of these

62. The most accurate of the following methods of leveling is

a.) reciprocal c.) barometric
b.) profile d.) differential
63. A vertical section of the line of a survey showing elevations is a
a.) plan c.) profile
b.) cross section d.) detail

64. Spot elevations are used to show

a.) contour points
b.) orientation points
c.) vertical control points
d.) summits, sags, and other critical points

65. To measure the difference in elevation between 2 established points A and B the vertical
angle of B is measured at A, and the vertical angle A is measure at B. Difference in elevation is
a.) the difference in cosines of the angles times the horizontal distance between them.
b.) ¼ of the square of the horizontal distance between A and B times the sum of cosines of the
angles.
c.) the square root of the horizontal distance between A and B times the sum of the tangents of
the angles.
d.) ½ the horizontal distance between A and B times the sum of the tangents of the angles.

66. If one end of spirit level is heated, the bubble is

A) not affected C) drawn to the cooler end
B) drawn to the heated end. D) appreciably reduced in length

67. the Johnson elevation meter is

a) similar to a barometer C) used for precise work
b) similar to an altimeter D) towed by a car

68) of the four statements listed about the wye level, the incorrect one is
A) the axis of the level tube should coincide with the optical axis, the axis of the objective slide,
and the line of sight.
B) the telescope is not rigidly attached to its supports.
C) there are more adjustments to be made than for the dumpy level.
D) the wye level is losing somewhat in popularity.

69) if the bubble on a level is too far right of center the correct adjustments is
A) right thumb right, left thumb right
B) both thumbs left
C) left thumb left, right thumb right
D) both thumbs right

70) the following type of field notes can best be studied under normal conditions to a construct a
contour map of a 35 acre golf course
A) CROSS-SECTION NOTES
B) SLOPE STAKE NOTES
C) BM LEVEL NOTES
D) PRECISE LEVEL NOTES

71) One of the greatest sources of error in a spirit level is due primarily to
A) the level tube having too large a radius of curvature
B) unequal heating of the level tube caused by change in temperature
C) unsuitable liquid in the tube
D) imperfect graduations on the tube

72) in leveling, which of the following errors is more serious over several set ups?
A) personal errors
b) errors due to natural sources
c) instruments
d) settling of the level or rod

73) in ordinary differential leveling, the elevation of any ground point is found by
a) adding the B.S. to the elevation of the precious point
b) subtracting the F.S from the elevation of the previous point
c) adding the F.S to the H.I.
d) subtracting the F.S from the H.I.

74. if the bubble leaves the vial center a slight amount between the B.S. and F.S. the
A) foresight should be taken without
b) backsight reading should be repeated
c) level tube must be adjusted before work proceeds
d) bubble should be centered before taking the F.S reading

75) contour lines which cross each other indicate

a) an absolutely flat plane
b) a vertical cliff
c) an overhanging cliff
d) the bottom of an enclosed valley

76) in differential leveling a sight on appoint of known elevation is called a backsight (B.S) In all
types of surveys, land, tunnel, surveying, etc. a B.S.
a) is always a plus value
b) is always a minus value
c) could be a minus value
d) none of answers given

77) in leveling, if the rod is not held vertical, the reading is

A) usually too small
b) usually too large
c) equal too large or small
D) always too large

78) after completing differential leveling between BM 5 and BM 6, the total F.S. distances
exceeded the B.S lengths by a large amount. The net correction is
a) subtracted from the computed elevation of BM 6
b) added to the computed elevation of BM 6
c) added to the sum of the foresight readings
d) subtracted from the sum of the backsight readings

79) in differential leveling, a self-reading rod replaces the need for

A) balancing backsights and foresights
b) having an H.I.
c) subtracting rod readings
d) none of the answers correct

80) in differential leveling, the elevation of turning point is usually found by

a) adding the F.S. to the H.I.
b) subtracting the F.S from H.I
c) subtracting the B.S. from H.I.
d) adding B.S. to elevation of B.M.

81) if the bubble of an engineer’s level is not exactly centered at the instant of sighting, the error
is
A) personal
B) instrumental
C) natural
D) nota

82) in ordinary differential leveling with rod readings to 0.01 ft.

a) the effects of curvature and refraction can be neglected
b) a difference of 10 ft. between one plus and one minus sight is unimportant
c) refraction is generally more critical than curvature of the earth
d) correct answer not given

83) the surveyor’s compass is an instrument which

A) reads horizontal angles
b) gives the horizontal direction of line
c) is relatively free of all types of errors
d) is an essential part of the engineer’s transit

84) accurate setting of the transit plates at zero is accomplished by means of the
A) upper tangent screw
b) upper clamp
c) lower tangent screw
d) lower clamp

85) the horizontal circles of a transit is attached to the same plate as the
a) telescope standards
b) upper tangent screw
C) upper clamp
D) lower clamp

86) the outer spindle of a transit is attached to the same plate as the
A) compass box
b) horizontal circle
c) horizontal circle vernier
d) upper tangent screw

87) the upper clamp of a transit is part of the

a) upper plate
b) lower plate
c) leveling head
d) foot plate

88) the horizontal angle verniers of the engineer’s transit are part of the
a) upper plate
b) lower plate
c) full circle
d) standards

89) the beaman stadia arc is attachment for the transit which
a) is graduated in degrees, minutes and seconds
b) is graduated in percent
c) gives the vertical distances directly
d) gives horizontal distances directly

90) swinging a transit tripod leg circumferentially in the arc of a circle will
a) change the position of the plumb bob considerably
b) have no effect on the plumb bob
c) have no effect on the level of the head
d) help to level the head

91) when setting a transit over a tack point, by moving the leg of the tripod toward or away from
the plumb bob the instrument man will
a) change the level of the head considerably
b) change the position of the plumb bob considerably
c) change the position of the plumb bob slightly
d) cause no change in the level of the head

92) after accurately setting the plates to zero, orienting of the plates of a transit for a backsight
is accomplished by means of the
A) upper tangent screw
b) lower tangent screw
c) upper clamp
d) lower clamp

93) to rea an angle by repetition it its necessary to

A) set plates at zero before backsighting for each turning of the angle
b) keep plates set at the value of the angle already turned when backsighting for each turning
c) turn angles with the telescope in the direct (normal position)
d) turn angles with the telescope in the direct and in the reversed (inverted position)

94) the most important detail to be observed in the procedure for measuring angles by repetition
with a transit to
A) turn the angle the same number of times with the telescope in the direct ad turn the reversed
position
b) turn the angle with the telescope in the direct position and the reversed position as many
times as a required, the precision varying directly with the number of repetitions
c) retain on the plates the value of the angle already turned when backsighting for each
successive turning
d) always point the telescope on the object sighted by a clockwise motion of the upper tangent
or slow-motion screw

95) to prolong a straight line by double centering, the point on the true prolongation is set
a) ¼ the distance from the 2nd point to the first
b)1/3 the distance from the 2nd point to the first
c)1/2 the distance from the 2nd point to the first
d) ¾ the distance from the 2nd point to the first

96) turning angles with the transit telescope first in the normal or direct position and then in the
reversed position corrects the error due to the
A) plate bubbles not being at right angles to the vertical axis
b) vertical hair not being trult vertical
c) horizontal axis not being truly horizontal
d) plates not being truly horizontal

97) prolonging a straight line with a transit by double centering or double reversing nullifies the
error caused by
a) the vertical cross hair not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis
b) the line of sight not being parallel to the axis of the telescope bubble.
c) the line of sight not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
D) the vertical cross hair not being truly vertical

98) an instrument man working with a transit known to be out of adjustment can, by turning
angles with the telescope in the normal or direct position and then in the reversed position,
correct errors cause by the
a) plates not being truly horizontal
b) vertical cross-hair not being truly vertical
c) horizontal axis not being truly horizontal when plates are level
d) horizontal axis not being parallel to the plates

99) the index error of a transit causes incorrect reading of

a) horizontal angles because of eccentricity of the plate circles
b) horizontal angles because of error in the graduations of the plates.
c) vertical angles because the vertical arc is not properly set
d) vertical angles the line of sight and the telescope bubble are not parallel

100) a clinometers measures

A) angles
b) distances
c) elevations
d) barometric pressures

101) a random line in surveying is

a) an offset line for locating buildings
b) a line produced to intersect a traverse line, or some other line
c) a trial line run near as true line
d) a line established by swinging a tape from a point to another line

102) the stadia is a method for measuring

A) horizontal angles
b) vertical angles
c) distances
d) azimuth of lines

103) the stadia method of surveying is used when

a) a rapid method of measuring distances over rough ground is required.
B) an accurate representation of a great amount of detail in small area is required
C) the survey is in open country
d) the area surveyed is to be reproduced on a small-scale map

104) the stadia method is based upon the principle that

A) from the law of lenses 1/f1 + 1/f2= 1/f
b) in similar triangles homologous sides are proportional
c) the horizontal distance is equal to the rod intercept times a constant
d) the horizontal distance equals the rod intercept minus the stadia constant

105) in the equation C= f+c used in stadia surveying, for any particular instrument
a) C Is a fixed value
b) f is a fixed value
c) c is a fixed value
d) all terms are fixed

106) a scale of 1” = 1000’ would be called

A) a large scale
b) an intermediate scale
c) a natural scale
d) all terms are fixed

107) the “stadia constant” of a transit is the distance from

a) the cross- hairs to the principal focus of the objective lens
b) the cross-hairs to the objective lens
c) the instrument center to the principal focus of the objective lens
d) the instrument center to the objective lens

108) in stadia surveying, the height of instrument of must be known in order to determine the
A) elevation of the line of sight
B) vertical angle to the observed point
c) elevation of the observed point
d) distance to the observed point

109) stadia reading can be taken with the rod held

a) plumb
b) perpendicular to the line sight
c) horizontal
d) any of the above

110) a reasonable limit of accuracy for stadia work is

a) 1/100 to 1/200
b) 1/200 to 1/500
c) 1/500 to 1/1000
d) 1/1000 to 1/2000

111) interior angle traverse are best suited to

A) route surveys
B) property surveys of high precision
c) topographic surveys for locating much detail
d)stadia topography
112) if it’s necessary to climb over a fence in a field while carrying a transit or level the
instrument man should
a) lean the instrument against the fence, then climb over
b) lay the instrument on the ground, then climb over the fence
c) place the instrument on the other side of the fence with the tripod legs well spread, then climb
over.
d) remove the head of the instrument and place it on the other side of the fence

113) the safest way to carry an engineer’s transit or level to present accidents under various
conditions encountered in field is to
a) keep the instrument head on the tripod with all clamps loose
b) keep the instrument head on the tripod with all clamps tight
c) keep the instrument in its box with all clamps loose
d) keep the instrument in its box with all clamps tight

114) when the transit is being carried or handled and in danger or being struck. The clamp
screws on the transit should be
A) tightened lightly to allow the parts to move freely
b) clamped tightly to resist movement
c) completely free
d) clamped for upper motion, free to lower motion

115) the best way to carry a transit through heavy brush in the field is
A) over the shoulder
b) under one arm with its head forward
c) cradled in both arms with its head forward
d) cradled in both arms with its head to the rear

116) which of the following terms best defines the effect indicated b letter E as show in figure
100
A) reflection
b) refraction
c)parallax
d) curvature

117) which of the following terms best defines the effect indicated by letter B is shown in figure
100
A) Observed altitude of its sun
B) zenith distance of the sun
C) refraction
d) parallax

118) which of the following terms best defines the effect indicated by letter A as shown in figure
100
a) parallactic angle
b) halation
C)refractions
d) diffusions

119) which of the following terms best defines the effect indicated by letter C as shown in figure
100
a) The Polaris distance of the sun
b) the zenith distance of the sun
c) the declination of the sun
d) the right ascension of the sun

120) which of the following terms best defines the effect indicated by letter D as shown in figure
100
a) the true altitude of the sun
b) the declination of the sun
c) the right ascension of the sun
d) the co-declination of the sun

121) how many significant figures does 0.000143

a) 3 significant figures
b) 2 significant figures
c) 6 significant figures
d) 5 significant figures

122) how many significant figures does 0.000072

a) 3 significant figures
b) 2 significant figures
c) 6 significant figures
d) 5 significant figures

123) how many significant figures does 0.000004

a) 3 significant figures
b) 2 significant figures
c)6 significant figures
d) 1 significant figure

124) how many significant figures does 30.000 have

a) 3 significant figures
b) 2 significant figures
c) 6 significant figures
d) 5 significant figures

125) how many significant figures does 0.035 have

a) 3 significant figures
b) 2 significant figures
c)6 significant figures
d) 5 significant figures

126) how many significant figures does 7000 have

a) 1 significant figure
b) 2 significant figures
c) 6 significant figures
d) 5 significant figures

127) which of the following charts should a Geodetic engineer refer to determine approximate
magnetic declination in a particular location
A) an isogradient chart
b) an isohaline chart
c) an isogonic chart
d) an isonephlic chart

128) which of the following variations does not affect the magnetic declination at a place over
time?
a) secular variation
b) constant variation
c) annual variation
d) irregular variation

129) the north, south, east, west points of a compass are also known as
a) occidental directions
b) collimation directions
c) cardinal directions
d) oriental directions

130) which of the following quantities may be properly measured in miner’s inches
A) the depth of a shaft
B) the rate of flow of water
C) the weight of ore
d) the density of a mineral

131. If the image of well-defined dot appears to be a blurred circle when observed through a
lens system, which of the following terms best defines the defeat?
a. spherical aberration c. coma
b. astigmatism d. longitudinal aberration

132. Which of the following statements correctly defines the effect of atmospheric refraction?
a. Generally, refraction makes object appear lower than actually they are.
b. As the density of air increases, refraction decrease.
c. Generally, refraction makes object appear higher than actually they are.
d. None of the above.

133. When looking through the telescope of a particular instrument after focusing an observer
finds that if the eye shifted slightly, the crosshairs appear to move with respect to the object
being slighted, what is the cause of this effect?
a. The effect is known as parallax.
b. The effect is known as halation.
c. The effect is caused by heat waves.
d. The effect is caused by a defective reticle.

134. The image produced a particular instrument is obscured by variation hues of light. What is
the name given to this condition?
a. coma c. lacuna distortion
b. precession d. chromatic abbretion

135. What is the difference between a repeating theodolite and a directional theodolite?
a. Directional theodolites have automatic vertical circle compensators and repeating theodolite
do not.
b. Repeating theodolites are equipped with interior optics for reading the circles and directional
theodolites do not.
c. Directional theodolites have three leveling screws or cams and repeating theodolites do not.
d. Repeating theodolites are equipped with upper and lower motions and directional theodolite
are not.

136. Which of the following correctly identifies the symbols in the hour angle formula?
tan z = sin t /cos Ø tan ᵹ cos t
a. z = azimuth c. z = zenith distance
Ø = longitude Ø = declination
ᵹ = latitude ᵹ = longitude
t = GHA t = right ascension
b. z = zenith angle d. z = hour angle
Ø = latitude Ø = latitude
ᵹ = declination ᵹ = longitude
t = LHA t = LHA

137. A local sidereal day is the interval of time between successive upper transits of the first
point of Aries on the observer’s meridian. Which of the following transits also occurs at intervals
of 24 sidereal hours.
a. Successive upper transits of the true sun
b. Successive upper transits of the mean sun
c. Successive lower transits of Saturn
d. Successive upper transits of Aldebaran
138. Who invented the solar compass where magnetic declination can be determined.
a. William Burt c. Thomas Gunter
b. Richard Young d. Charles Morse

139. Concerning a model EDM that uses coherent laser light, which of the following atmospheric
factors will be least critical to the accuracy of its measurement of distance?
a. The air temperature c. The relative humidity
b. The barometric pressure d. Each is equally significant

140. What is the cause of geoidal undulation?

a. The presence of magnetically attractive ores within the earth cause the geoid to undulate
b. The center of the mass of the earth does not coincide with the center of the geoid
c. The mass of the earth is irregularly distributed and, therefore, the geoid is also irregular
d. The ellipsoid is not coincident with the geoid
141. The chief advantage of the transit-stadia method of surveying is the?
a. the small size of party required
b. the accuracy of each detail can be located
c. the speed and ease with which contours can be located
d. the general adaptability of the method to all types of survey

142. In holding a stadia rod it is better to

a. raise and hold the rod while deciding upon the most desirable point to use
b. wave the rod to ensure reading the smallest intercept
c. always have the rod normal to the line of sight
d. have an oblique view in sunlight than a full view in shadow

143. In reading traverse angle

a. two pointing are required for each direction per circle position with an optical reading
theodolite
b. four pointing are required for each direction per repetition with a transit
c. less arithmetic is required with the optical-reading theodolite in reducing the reading
d. considerable time (reading and reduction) is saved by using the optical-reading theodolite
instead of the transit

144. The optical-reading theodolite when used for stadia work

a. improves the accuracy of elevation obtained
b. cannot easily be oriented to use the same azimuth base for all station
c. provides reading in the same units as the transit
d. all of the above

145. If a line is prolonged with a transit not in adjustment by plunging the telescope (not by
double sighting), the angular error is
a. the angle between the ling of sight and the horizontal axis
b. one-half of that angle
c. the angle between the line of sight and the normal to the horizontal axis
d. one-half of the angle in the line of sight and the normal to the horizontal axis

146. In running an azimuth traverse with true south as zero azimuth, at each set-up the proper
method of orienting the transit with telescope inverted is to
a. back sight along preceding line with A venier at azimuth of preceding line
b. back sight along preceding line with A venier at back azimuth of preceding line
c. backsight along preceding line with A venier 180Deg.
d. sight toward true north with A venier at 0Def.

147. The value of the stadia interval factor f/i , as determined in the field, is found from f/I = D/R
where R is the stadia rod interval and D is the distance between rod and
a. center of the instrument c. Objective lens
b. a point located a distance d. cross-hair

148. The value of (f + c) in the stadia formula

a. is variable
b. increase with increase in length of sight
c. increase with increase in the vertical angle
d. varies so slightly that the variation may be neglected

149. The movement of the outer spindle on an engineer’s transit is controlled by the
a. upper tangent screw c. lower tangent screw
b. leveling screw d. upper clamp screw

150. A corner of a building located by liner measurement taken from 2 transit station is found by
a. intersection c. ties
b. range ties d. radiation

151. The principal focal length of the objective lens

a. varies depending on distance to object sighted
b. varies with the position of the cross-hair
c. is altered by parallax
d. is invariable

152. Measuring with a subtense bar and theodolite requires

a. determining the vertical angle to permit reduction to horizontal distance
b. correcting for refraction and parallax
c. orienting the bar so it is perpendicular to the line sight
d. limiting the distance to a maximum of 1000ft

153. The magnetic bearing of a line is

a. the total horizontal angle measured from the south end of the magnetic meridian
b. the total horizontal angle measured from the north end of the magnetic meridian
c. the acute angle which the line make with the meridian
d. the azimuth of the line minus 90Deg.

154. The angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic needle at any point is
known as the
a. deviation c. declination
b. variation d. azimuth
155. The clockwise angle which a line makes with any reference-line, is called the
a. bearing c. deflection
b. declination d. azimuth

156. The process of determining direction on a map relative to the earth’s surface in generally is
called
a. bearing c. geodetic
b. direction d. orientation

157. An azimuth is always

a. equal numerically to the bearing of a given line
b. 90Deg larger or smaller than the comparable bearing
c. 180Deg larger or smaller than the comparable bearing
d. between 0Deg and 360Deg

158. At a particular station, the angle between the magnetic needle and geographical meridian
through the station, is the
a. angle of incidence c. declination
b. angle of deviation d. strike

159. Bearing and lengths of sides describes a piece of land by

a. coordinates c. public land survey units
b. meters and bounds d. lots and blocks

160. A dead list one boundary of a lots as “due north”. This must be interpreted as
a. magnetic length c. astronomic north
b. compass north d. secular north

161. The angle between the geometric meridian and magnetic needle direction of a line is the
a. interval c. azimuth
b. interval d. declination

162. On magnetic compass survey line, the

a. dip will be at right angle to the meridian
b. east and west letter are reversed from their true position of the plate
c. northern polarity refer to the earth’s magnetic pole
d. strike is at right angles to the base line
163. The isogonic chart shows primarily
a. lines of local magnetic attraction
b. lines of equal azimuth from true south
c. lines of equal magnetic declination
d. principal meridians, base line and sections

164. A planimeter is used to

a. measure horizontal and vertical angle
b. determine differences in elevation
c. enlarge maps
d. determine areas

165. In measuring the are inside of a traverse using a polar planimeter, If the anchor point is set
inside the traverse, for a given setting of the tracing arm, neglecting the polar constant will give
and area.
a. too small by a constant amount
b. too large by a constant amount
c. too small by an amount proportional to the are measured
d. too large by an amount proportional to the are method

166. The cos of a deflection angle A multiplied by the length of a line AB given the
a. latitude of point B c. departure of line AB
b. latitude of line AB d. answer not given

167. The coordinate of a point measured normal to the parallel is called the
a. latitude of a point c. departure of a point
b. total latitude of a point d. total departure of a point

168. In balancing a plotted traverse by graphical application of the compass rule, each point is
moved parallel to the line of error a distance equal to
a. an arbitrary progressive change in the position of each point
b. an amount proportional to distance along the traverse from the initial point
c. the total error divided by the number of sides in the traverse
d. the total error divided by the sum of interior angles multiplied by the interior angles at the
point

169. The compass rule for balancing a traverse is based upon the assumption that the precision
of angular measurement compared with linear measurement is
a. greater than c. less than
b. consistent with d. unrelated to

170. The accuracy of the direction of each line, but not its position, is independent of the
accuracy of plotting other lines if the traverse is plotted
a. coordinates c. tangent of bearing angle
b. tangent of deflection angle d. chord of deflection angle

171. The best way to remove grit from exposed movable parts such as threads or tangent
screws is to use
a. a clean silk handkerchief c. cleaning tissue
b. an oily rag d. soap and water

172. A mechanical instrument used exclusively in a field survey with a plane table in making
topographic sketches in generally known as a
a. vernier c. transit
b. alidade d. head level

173. The highest precision in plotting that can be expected of an experienced engineer is about
a. 0.005” with average about 0.01”
b. 0.01” with average about 0.015”
c. 0.02” with average about 0.03”
d. 0.03” with average about 0.02”

174. The proper pencil for drawing rays on a plane table sheet is
a. 2H c. 6B
b. 4H d. 8H

175. Special care must be taken in leveling the plane table when the
a. sight are short
b. vertical angle are large
c. scale is very large
d. reduction are made on 10”circular slide rule

176. Orientation of a plane table should be checked

a. at frequent intervals
b. before the last observation on other points
c. originally on an intermediate length line
d. all of the above

177. The accuracy of orientation of a plane table sheet is affected by

a. the length of line on the sheet
b. distance to the station sighted
c. not using the same end of the needle when orienting by compass
d. all of the above

178. The three-point problem of location may be solve by the

a. lehmann method c. three-arm protractor method
b. Bessel method d. all of these
179. The lehmann method of three-point location is
a. an exact method c. requires stadia measurements
b. an approximate method d. requires drawing special equipment

180. the lehmann method of three-point location is

a. governed by the same rules as the tracing-paper method
b. a trial method
c. slower than the Bessel method
d. requires more experience than the Bessel method

181. Which of the following statements correctly describes properties of the geographical
coordinate known as latitude.
a. Latitude is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north and south of the equator.
b. Every position on the earth has a unique latitude, which is unlike the latitude of any other
position on the earth.
c. A parallel of latitude is great circle on the surface of the earth.
d. All of the above are true.

182. In the three point problem, the point sought is inside the triangle of error when.
a. the plane table is correctly oriented
b. the resection lines do not meet at a common point
c. the plane table is inside the triangle formed by the points on the ground
d. the plane table is closer to the resection lines through the two nearest points on the ground

183. In three point location by the plane table

a. the point sought lies on the same side of the ray from the most distant station as the
intersection of the other two rays, when the plane table is outside the great circle.
b. when the plane table is on a range line formed by two of the triangulation stations, or a
prolongation of such a range lien, two of the rays will be parallel and a triangle of error is never
formed.
c. When the plane table is in a segment between the great circle and great triangle, the ray of
the intersection of the other two rays.
d. all of the above.

184. In three point location of a plane table, the strongest location is

a. outside the great circle if the middle station is farther away then either of the other two.
b. on a range line between two of the triangulation stations
c. outside the great triangle
d. just inside the great circle

185. Which of the following is not used in conjunction with preparing a topographic map
a. cross section system c. trace point system
b. variation d. controlling point system
186. The choice of field method for preparing a topographic map, assuming any type of
equipment needed is available, is governed mainly by
a. the intended use of the map
b. the area of the tract
c. the map scale
d. all of the above

187. In three-point location of the plane table, the strongest location is

a. outside the great circle if the middle station is farther away than either off the other two
b. on the prolongation of a range line if the angle made by the parallel ray and the ray to the
third station is less than 25
c. inside the great triangle
d. for conditions other than any of the above

188. The three-point problem as an application of resection may not be solved by which of the
following
a. triangle error method
b. three-arm protractor method
c. trigonometry
d. three circle of coincidence method

189. In place surveying, after a new point has been occupied and the table oriented by
application of two-point problem, position on the table of the occupied point is best determined
by
a. cross section c. resection
b. inspection d. triangulation

190. The best way to remove grease spots on the objective lens of a transit is to use
a. a clean linen cloth
b. a silk handkerchief
c. soap and water
d. a clean chamois skin lightly moistened in alcohol

191. Eccentric station in plane table work may be used because

a. it is inconvenient or impossible to set up exactly over the point
b. the visibility from a station is restricted to only the higher local position
c. at a scale of 1” = 2400’, distance cannot be plotted closer than 20ft consistently
d. all of the above

192. Interpolation in topographic mapping means

a. connecting points of the same elevation
b. blowing up or reducing the map scale
c. spacing contour lines by proportionate measurements
d. drawing contour lines through points of known elevation

193. A closed hachured contour line represent a

a. ridge c. summit
b. valley d. depression

194. The sides of a highway tangent film shown on a topographic map by contour lines are
a. straight, parallel and equally spaced
b. straight but not parallel
c. straight and parallel, but not equally spaced
d. parallel and equally spaced, but not straight

195. For a given map scale and contour interval, concentric circular contour lines might indicate
a relatively
a. inclined plateau c. great elevation
b. deep river valley d. high isolated hills

196. Contour interval is the

a) horizontal distance between adjacent contours
b) elevation above sea level
c) difference in elevation between adjacent contours
d) scaled distance between adjacent contour lines on a map

197. The stadia ratio or interval of a transit is

a) a constant quantity for all instruments and any one instrument.
b) the distance from the cross-hairs to the objective lens divided by the distance from the
center to the principal focus of the objective lens.
c) the distance on the rod intercepted by the stadia hairs.
d) the focal length of the objective lens divided by the distance between the stadia hairs.

198. Maps are drawn to small scale when

a) the area to be represented is small.
b) there is little detail to be shown.
c) there is much detail to be shown.
d) the size of the sheet is large.

1
199. A scale of would be called
20000
a) an equivalent scale
b) an intermediate scale
c) a large scale
d) a natural scale

200. Graphical scales are shown on maps because

a) they enable the reader to determine distances more easily than with an equivalent scale.
b) they give a more easily understood method of determining distances.
c) they improve the appearance of the map and serve to balance the meridian arrow.
d) maps are subject to change in scale.

201. What is the latitude of the place where the maximum altitude of the sun above the horizon
1
achieved at any time of the year is 23° 26 ‘
2
a) 45° 00' 00" N.

b) 90° 00' 00" S.

c) 90° 00'00" N.

d) both b and c

202. What is the declination of a star if that star passes through your zenith where your latitude
is 35° N?
a) 35° N
b) 90° N
c) 55° N
d) 35° S

203. Standing at 40° N latitude, you observe the sun rise precisely in the east. What is the
declination of the sun and what is the approximate date?
a) declination 0°, June 22 or Dec. 22
1
b) declination 23° 26 ’, June 22 or Dec. 22
2
c) declination °0, March 21 or Sept. 23
1
d) declination 23° 26 ’, March 21 or Sept. 23
2

204. A second latitude near the equator bears what relationship to a second of latitude near one
of the poles.
a) A second of latitude near the poles is approximately a foot longer than a second of latitude
near the equator.
b) A second of latitude has the same length in feet regardless of its distance from the equator.
c) A second of latitude near the poles is approximately a foot shorter than a second of latitude
near the equator.
d) Each second of latitude north of the equator grows progressively shorter until finally it
reaches a point at the pole

205.Which of the following statements correctly describes properties of the geographical

coordinates known as longitude?
a) Each meridian of longitude lies in the plane of a great circle.
b) The distance along a parallel of latitude through a degree of longitude grows smaller as the
latitude approaches 90°.
c) 15° of longitude equals one mean solar hour.
d) All of the above are true.

206. A draftsman uses all but one of the following in reducing maps.
a) compass
b) pantagraph
c) planimeter
d) dividers

207. Plotting traverses by a natural tangent method is best adapted to

a) closed traverses run by interior or direct angles.

b) traverses run by azimuths for topography.

c) route surveys having small deflection angles.

d) closed traverses run by deflection angles.

208. Plotting traverses by rectangular coordinates is preferable because the method

a) can be applied to all types of surveys.

b) possesses all the advantages of other methods without their disadvantages.

c) is most accurate.

d) is rapid.

209. A range line as used in locating detail in the field for mapping is
a) the perpendicular distance from a point to a line.

b) a direct horizontal measurement between two points.

c) a line produced or extended to intersect another line.

d) a line connecting two range poles or flags for getting a transit on line.

210. In mapping, the term relief refers to such features as

a) rivers, lakes, harbors

b) vegetation

c) man made features

d) shape of the ground

211. In mapping, interpolation is the process of

a) spacing contour lines by proportion between lines.

b) drawing smooth freehand contour lines.

c) tracing contours on a plotted map.

d) connecting points of equal elevation.

212. The term culture in mapping refers to the representation of such things as
a) rivers, lakes, harbors

b) vegetation

c) differences in elevation, or shape of ground

d) railroads, highways, power lines

213. Cultural features on topographic maps are reproduced in

a) green

b) blue

c) black

d) red

214. Water courses on topographic maps are reproduced in

a) red

b) black

c) blue

d) green

215.Which of the following is not considered to be a map?

a) profile

b) topographic sketch

c) nautical chart
d) engineering map

216.A map drawn to a scale large enough to permit showing accurate details of the dimensions
of lots and buildings is usually called a/an.
a) isogonic chart

b) topographic map

c) cadastral map

d) engineering map

217.Contour maps which "lack expression" are characterized by

a) poor selection of scale and

b) fine texture

c) coarse texture contour interval

d) uniformly graceful curves.

218. Contours on topographic maps are checked for compliance with specifications by
a) photogrammetric methods

b) running profile lines across the area

c) random stadia shots

d) none of these

219. When only vertical photographs are available, the most accurate device which can be used
in the construction of a model is
a) an iconoscope

b) a photointerpretometer

c) an Abrams contour finder

d) a stereocomparagraph

220.A simple way to reduce a nap (change its scale) is to use

a) a negative photostat

b) a pantograph
c) the "square method"

d) any of the above

221.When plotting distances requiring interpolation on the scale, it is advisable to

a) place the scale with the interpolated distance at a point already plotted and use the plotting
needle at the zero end of the scale.

b) place the scale with the zero at a point already plotted and interpolate the distance with the
plotting needle.

c) use a magnifying glass on a stand and any convenient graduations on the scale

d) use a magnifying glass on a stand and a set of dividers.

222.Cellulose acetate, compared with tracing paper or linen

a) has a lesser light transmission for photo-copy reproduction.

b) is unaffected by complete immersion in water.

c) has more uniform scale changes due to humidity.

d) none of the above.

223.Cellulose acetate compared with tracing paper or linen.

a) requires the use of harder pencils.

b) is less responsive to scale changes due to humidity.

c) has more uniform scale changes due to humidity.

d) none of the above.

224.For use in very fine pens, carbon ink can be thinned by adding a little.
a) ethyl alcohol

b) salt water

c) distilled water with a little ammonia

d) ether

225.The drying of carbon ink in humid climates is hastened by adding a little

a) ethyl alcohol
b) ether

c) ammonia

d) cleaning fluid

226.A map can be correctly called a topographic map if it shows

a) location of boundary lines and structures

b) distances and dimensions

c) a record of jurisdiction and owners of property

d) contours and natural features, and work of man

227.On a topographic map drawn to a scale of 1 to 50,000, the contour interval is

a) the distance scaled from the map between adjacent contour lines

b) an average value found by averaging scaled distances between 4 contour lines

c) the difference in elevation between adjacent contours.

d) a variable which is noted in the map legend.

228.A cellulose acetate sheet, such as mylar, now extensively used in map work
a) can be placed in water without damage

b) is not suitable for sketching with soft pencils

c) has a more uniform scale change than tracing linen due to humidity changes

d) has a smaller light transmission coefficient in photo reproduction processes.

229.Interpolation on a drawing giving grid elevations overlaying a borrow pit cut primarily
requires
a) locating all ridge and valley control lines

b) connecting all points having known and equal.elevations

c) spacing contours by proportional measurements between given elevations

d) drawing smoothly curved freehand contours

230.In mapping, a pantograph

a) can measure areas by latitudes and departures
b) measures the area of a zero circle

c) is designed to produce curve parallels of latitudes.

d) is constructed for the purpose of enlarging or reducing drawings.

231. A survey map drawn to a scale of 1" - 10,000 ft is considered as

a) small scale

b) intermediate scale

c) large scale

d) natural scale

232.Accurate adjustment of the transit depends upon

a) first applying a test to determine the magnitude of the error.

b) completing each adjustment exactly in every case before beginning the next.

c) checking each adjustment carefully after it has been completed.

d) making each adjustment in prescribed sequence.

233.The procedure to be followed in performing the main adjustments of the transit is based
upon
a) carrying them out in proper order.

b) the principle that single reversion doubles the error, double reversion quadruples it.

c) completing each adjustment exactly in all cases before beginning the next.

d) checking the adjustments after they have been completed.

234.The index error of a transit causes incorrect reading of

a) horizontal angles because of eccentricity of the plate circles.

b) horizontal angles because of errors in the graduation of the plates.

c) vertical angles because the vertical arc is not properly set.

d) vertical angles because the line of sight and the telescope bubble are not parallel.

235.The index error of a transit is

a) the error due to eccentricity of the horizontal circle.
b) the amount by which the vertical circle fails to read zero when the telescope bubbles is
centered.

c) half of the amount by which a plate bubble out of adjustment moves when rotated 180°
about the vertical axis.

d) the error in readings of the horizontal plate due to errors of graduation.

236.Prolonging a straight line with a transit by double centering or double reversing nullifies the
error caused by
a) the vertical cross-hair not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis.

b) the line of sight not being parallel to the axis of the telescope bubble.

c) the line of sight not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis.

d) the vertical cross-hair not being truly vertical.

237. A transit party running a long straight line across open country finds it necessary to make
several set ups. To insure accuracy the instrument man at each set up prolongs the line by
the process of double centering or double reversing. The flagman establishes the point on
the true prolongation by measuring
1
a) the distance from the second point to the first.
4

1
b) the distance from the second point to the first.
2

3
c) the distance from the second point to the first.
4

1
d) the distance from the first point to the second.
4

238. An instrument man working with a transit known to be out of adjustment can, by turning
angles with the telescope in the normal or direct position and then in the reversed position,
correct errors caused by the
a) plates not being truly horizontal.

b) vertical cross-hair not being truly vertical.

c) horizontal axis not being truly horizontal when plates are level.

d) horizontal axis not being parallel to the plates.

239. The practice of balancing distances to backsights and foresights in differential leveling
operations is recommended to eliminate the errors resulting when the
a) axis of the bubble tube and the line of sight are not in the same vertical plane

b) bubble is not truly horizontal.

c) line of sight is not parallel to the bubble tube axis.

d) vertical axis and the bubble tube axis are not perpendicular.

240.Elimination of the errors due to curvature and refraction in leveling operations

accomplished by
a) keeping lengths of sights less than 300 ft.

b) keeping distances to backsights and foresights balanced.

c) keeping level bubble accurately centered at all times.

d) keeping axis of line of sight perpendicular to the vertical axis.

241. The adjustment of the plate bubbles of the transit is intended to

a) make the horizontal plate truly horizontal when the bubbles are centered.

b) make the bubble axis perpendicular to the vertical spindle.

c) make the bubble axis parallel to the plates.

d) make the line of sight revolve in a vertical plane when the telescope is turned on its
supporting axis.

242. It is necessary to adjust the plate levels of a transit to insure that

a) the line of sight will revolve in a plane when the telescope is turned on its supporting axis.

b) the axis of the plate levels will be perpendicular to the axis of the spindle.

c) the vertical hair will be truly vertical.

d) the line of sight will be perpendicular to the horizontal axis.

243. If the line of sight of a transit when revolved about the horizontal axis describes a plane
which is inclined to the vertical, the adjustment involves
a) the plate bubbles

b) the vertical cross-hairs

c) the standards

d) possibly the plate bubbles and the standards.

244. Rotating the telescope of the wye level 180° about its longitudinal axis will disclose whether
or not the
a) line of sight passes through the centers of the wye rings.

b) axis of the bubble tube and the line of sight are in the same vertical plane.

c) axis of the bubble tube is parallel to the line of sight.

d) bubble is parallel to the bottom of the wyes.

245.After leveling up a wye level the instrument man finds that the bubble moves off center
when the telescope is rotated 180° about the vertical axis indicating
a) the line of sight is not parallel to the bottom of the wyes.

b) the bubble is not parallel to the bottom of the wyes.

c) the wyes are not the same height.

d) the bubble may not be parallel to the bottom of the wyes and the wyes may not the same
height.

246.The purpose of the adjustment of the vertical hair in the transit telescope is to get the
a) line of sight to revolve in a vertical plane.

b) vertical hair to revolve in a plane.

c) vertical hair to revolve in a vertical plane.

d) line of sight to revolve in a plane.

247.The best way to remove dust from the graduations on a vernier or scale Is to use
a) a dean linen cloth

b) a fine camel hair brush

c) an oily rag

d) soap and water

248.To make the line of sight of the transit telescope perpendicular to the horizontal axis, it is
necessary to adjust the
a) vertical cross hair

b) horizontal cross-hair

c) vertical and horizontal cross-hair

d) height of the standards

249. Removing the telescope from the supports of the wye level and reversing It end for end Is
the test to determine whether
a) the axis of the bubble tube is parallel to the line of sight.

b) the axis of the bubble tube and the line of sight are in the same vertical plane.

c) the line of sight passes thru the centers of the wye rings.

d) the axis of the bubble tube, is perpendicular to the vertical axis.

250. The purpose of the peg adjustment of the dumpy level Is to make the axis of the bubble
tube perpendicular to the vertical axis. line of sight parallel to the axis of the bubble.
horizontal hair truly horizontal axis of the bubble tube parallel to the line of sight.
a) axis of the bubble tube perpendicular to the vertical axis.

b) line of sight parallel to the axis of the bubble.

c) horizontal hair truly horizontal

d) axis of the bubble tube parallel to the line of sight.

251.The purpose of the peg adjustment when used with the transit is to make the
a) vertical circle read zero when the telescope bubble is centered.

b) axis of the telescope bubble parallel to the line of sight.

c) horizontal axis truly horizontal.

d) line of sight and the axis of the telescope coincide.

252.The peg adjustment Is used to make the

a) line of sight of the transit parallel to the telescope level tube.

b) line of sight of the dumpy level parallel to the axis of the level bubble.

c) axis of the bubble tube of the dumpy level parallel to the line of sight.
d) line of sight of the transit coincide with the axis of the telescope.

253.In adjusting the transit the

a) plate level adjustment follows the telescope bubble adjustment

b) standard are adjusted after the telescope bubble

c) line of sight Is made perpendicular to the horizontal axis by double centering and shifting
the reticule if necessary.

d) none of the above

254.In comparing the adjustments of the wye level with those of the dumpy level,
a) there are fewer adjustments to be made for the wye level.

b) the adjustments for the wye level ordinarily are easier to complete

c) the peg adjustment Is necessary for both instruments.

d) the line of sight differs in definition for the two types of levels.

255. Adjustments of the alidade should be made

a) with the instrument in the shade

b) in direct sunshine

c) on rolling or somewhat rugged terrain

d) using short sights

256.Surveying Instruments may get out of adjustment due to

a) wearing of different parts.

b) some screws being tighter than others

c) subjection to widely different temperature, whether in use or not

d) all of the above

257.The peg adjustment of the dumpy level requires

a) movement of the horizontal cross-hair

b) adjustment of the bubble tube.

c) a set up half way between the two points whose elevation are used
d) two points of known elevation

258.Vertical highway curves are generally arcs of a

a) catenary

b) ellipse

c) circle

d) parabola

259. Two adjacent capstan-headed screws on the cross-hair ring are manipulated to make the
a) vertical cross-hair of an engineer's transit line in a vertical plane.

b) line of sight of a transit parallel to the axis of the telescope level tube

c) vertical cross-hair of a transit line in a plane perpendicular to the horizontal axis.

d) horizontal hair of a transit lie in a plane perpendicular to vertical axis.

260. In making transit adjustments, which of the following suggestions is incorrect?

a) An adjusting pin should be carried in a pocket so it will ready when needed.

b) The adjusting pin should not be too small because then it would ruin the screw

c) All adjusting screws should be very tight so the instrument will not get out of adjustment
easily.

d) Adjustments should preferably be made in the shade.

261. The line of sight is made of perpendicular to horizontal axis by properly manipulating.
a. the levelling screws and capstan attached to the level vial.
b. the tangent screws
c. two adjacent capstan-headed screws on the cross-hair ring.
d. two opposite capstan-headed screws on cross-hair ring to move the reticle parallel to the
horizontal axis.

262. To make the telescope-level axis of a transit parallel to the life of sight perform the two-peg
test ands
a. center the telescope bubble, bring the line of sight to the computed rod reading by means of
the cross-hair ring capstan screws.
b. with the line of sight at computed reading, center telescope bubble with the level-tube
capstan screws.
c. rotate cross-hair ring so horizontal hair will remain on the computed reading
d. with the line of sight at computed reading, center telescope bubble with telescope tangent
screw.

263. It is important that the horizontal axis be perpendicular to vertical axis when.
a. measuring vertical angle to a point considerably above the transit
b. using the transit as a level
c. prolonging a line by “double sighting”
d. measuring small vertical angles

264. The horizontal axis of a transit is made perpendicular to the vertical axis by properly
manipulating
a. the levelling screws
b. both levelling and capstan screws which attach the level tube to the plate
c. the reticle capstan screws to nive the vertical cross-hair to left or right
d. the screws which move the horizontal axis with the respect to the rest of the transit after
double sighting on a high point

265. Chromatic aberration in a lens system can almost be eliminated by employing

a. a series of color filters
b. concave lenses
c. convex lenses
d. a combination of crown and flint glass

266. The degree of curvature of a circular curve (Highway definition) is the

a. angle at center subtended by chord of 100 ft.
b. angle at center subtended by arc of 100 ft.
c. Intersection angle 1 divided by the length of curve
d. deflection angle from the P,C, to the first station on the curve

267. The degree of curvature of a circular curve (Railroad definition) is

a. the central angle subtended by a 100 foot arc.
b. the central angle subtended by a 100 foot chord
c. one-half the angle of intersection subtended by a 100-foot arc.
d. the proportional part of a circle covered by the curve

268. The method of laying out points on a circular curve by deflection angle is based mainly
upon the principle that
a. an angle inscribed in the circumference of a circle is measured by the intercepted arc.
b. the angle between a chord and a tangent at a point on a curve is one half the angle of arc
intercepted by the chord.
c. the Intersection angle 1 is equal to the central angle.
d. The Instrument will be set up on the P.C. or P.T.

269. The parabolic curve which is most value in surveying and plotting is that
a. It can be made to fit a larger number of points that other curves
b. offset from the tangent vary as the square of the distance along the tangent from the point of
tangency
c. It presents a more pleasing appearance than other curves
d. offsets from the tangent vary as the distance along the tangent.

270. The tangent offset method of computing vertical curves is

a. self-checking
b. sometimes also called the chord-gradient method
c. not adapted to computations for unequal tangent curves.
d. none of the above

271. Strength of figure us computed by a formula to

a. adjust the angles in triangles, quadrilaterals, and /or central point figures
b. adjust the sides in triangles, quadrilaterals, and /or central point figures
c. check the result of field observation
d. compare the accuracy of computed values for similar figures.

272. The permissible average triangle closure in second order triangulation is

a. 1 second
b. 3 seconds
c. 6 seconds
d. 8 seconds

273. The main disadvantage of a precise traverse compared with triangulation is that
a. the accuracy is not of as high an order
b. more calculations are required to determine all parts of the traverse.
c. a larger field party is required to carry out the work
d. the travers usually is more expensive, and all distances must be measured.

274. Disadvantages of precise traverse compared with triangulation are

a. all angles must be measured by more repetitions for precise travers
b. all distances must be measured
c. size of party is larger
d. fewer points are made available for the local surveyor

275. Small angles are undesirable in triangulation because

a. they decrease strength of figure
b. they make computations more difficult
c. they increase the cost of extending a chain of figures
d. the Intersection of sides is poor thus increasing errors.

276. A direction instrument

a. is used to measure angles by repetition
b. usually has no lower motion clamp and tangent screw
c. has verniers like a repeating theodolite
d. has a telescope with an erecting lens

277. What is the blue top in route surveying?

a. A blue top is a stake set at the catch point of the side slope a template with the natural
ground
b. A blue top is a guard stake driven so its top is directly over the line stake
c. A blue top is a control point monument located well away from the route being surveyed
d. A blue top is a stake driven so its top is at the designed grade, or with the cut to that grade
written on the stake.

278. Since it is essential to keep horizontal refraction to a minimum, 1 st and 2nd order
triangulation can be best done
a. morning
b. noon
c. late afternoon
d. night

279. In measuring base line

a. four tapes are used interchangeably for self-checking
b. Invar or Lovar tapes are the most desirable for all cases.
c. the tape must be used under standardized conditions
d. the tape must be lined in to within one inch for a full 100 feet length results correct to
thousandths are desired

280. In order to reduce an inclined distance to the corresponding horizontal distance the
difference in elevation being known, the correction can be made by the formula
a. -2L / h^2
b. + h^2/ 2L
c. –h^2 / h^2
d. + 2L / H^2

281. In accuracies in measurements which occur because some aspect of a surveying

operation is perform with carelessness, poor judgment and improper execution.
a. Error
b. Personal Error
c. Mistakes
d. Instrumental error

282. A type of error which will always have the same sign and magnitude as long as field
conditions remain constant and unchanged.
a. Natural Errors
b. Personal Errors
c. Systematic Errors
d. Accidental Errors

283. A type of error which are caused by variations In the variations in the phenomena of nature
such as changes in magnetic declination, temp, humidity, gravity, and curvature of the earth.
a. Natural errors
b. Personal errors
c. Accidental errors
d. Systematic errors

284. Sexagesimal units of angular measurements is expressed

a. degree
b. minutes
c. seconds
d. all of the above

285. Angular unit of centesimal units is

a. grads
b. degrees
c. radians
d. mils

286. What year was the English system officially phased out in the Philippines and only the
modern metric system was allowed to be used.
a. 1978
b. 1983
c. 1960
d. 1990

287. A length equal to 1,650,763.73 wave lengths of the orange-red light produced by burning
element Krypton with an atomic weight of 86 at a specific energy level in spectrum
a. meter
b. feet
c. yard
d. inches

288. An instrument developed by Greeks sometime in 130 B.C. which was used for levelling,
laying off right angles and for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
a. Libella
b. Chorobates
c. Diopter
d. Merchet
289. An instrument having an A-frame with plumb line suspended from its apex and was used to
determine the horizontal
a. Libella
b. Chorobates
c. Diopter
d. Merchet

290. An instrument design for levelling work which consists of a horizontal straight edge about 6
meters long with supporting legs and a groove 2.5 cm deep and 1.5 m. long on top. Water is
poured into the groove and when the bar is levelled so that water stood evenly in the groove
with without spilling, a horizontal line is established.
a. Merchet c. Libella
b. Diopter d. Chorobates

291. A device used for measuring time and meridian

a. Diopter
b. Merchet
c. Chorobates
d. Libella

292. An instrument originally designed for determining the altitude of stars

a. Astrolabe
b. Dioptra
c. Diopter
d. Merchet

293. An old instrument which was perfected by Heron of Alexandria which was used in levelling
and for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
a. Dioter
b. Chorobates
c. Astrolabe
d. Dioptra

294. The meter is defined as:

a. 1/10,000,000 of the earth’s meridional quadrant
b. Distance between two lines engraved across the surface (near the ends) of a bar with an x-
shaped cross section, composed of 90% platinum and 10% Iridium, when the temp. of the bar is
zero degrees Celsius.
c. Length equal to 1,650,763.73 wave lengths of the orange-red light produced burning the
element krypton (with an atomic weight of 86) at a specific energy level in the spectrum.
d. All of the above

295. An angle subtended by an arc of a circle having a length equal to the radius of the circle.
a. radian
b. grads
c. mils
d. degrees

296. The supplementary unit of a solid angle (one which has its vertex in the center of a sphere
which cuts off an area of the surface equal to that of a sphere.
a. radian
b. steradian
c. mil
d. gals

297. The difference between the measured value of a quantity and its actual value/\.
a. Discrepancy
b. Precision
C. Mistakes
d. Errors

298. _________ indicates how close a given measurement is to the absolute or true value of a
quantity measured.
a. precision
b. discrepancy
c. error
d. accuracy

299. __________ refers to the degree of refinement and consistency with which any physical
measurement is made.
a. accuracy
b. discrepancy
c. precision
d. probability
300. ___________ refers to a quantity which, based on available data, has more chances of
being correct than has any other.
a. precision
b. accuracy
c. most probable value
d. probability

301. _____ is a quantity which, when added to and subtracted from the most probable value,
defines a range with in which there is a 50% chance that the true value of the measured
quantity lies inside or outside the limits of thus set/
a. mistake
b. discrepancy
c. probable value
d. probable error
302. _____ is defined as the length of steps walking which is measured from heel to heel or
from toe to toe.
a. stride
b. tachymetry
c. pace
d. odometry

303. _____ is equivalent to two paces or a double top.

a. stride
b. pedometer length
c. odometer length
d. passometric length

304. A device which registers the number of paces and could be hand carried
a. pedometer
b. a & c
c. passometer
d. odometer

305. Another procedure of obtaining horizontal distances based on the optical geometry of the
instruments employed and is an Indirect method of measurements. Measurements are
performed either by stadia or the substance bar method.
a. Optometry
b. Passometry
c. Odometry
d. Tachymetry

306. These are type of distance measurement instrument which transmit wave lengths within or
slightly beyond the visible region of the spectrum. They used mercury or tungsten lamps and
only had short operating ranges especially at daytime because of excessive scatter of this
incoherent light.
a. Electro-Optical instruments
b. Geodomiter
c. Microwave instruments
d. Distomat

307. This type of EDM Instrument which utilized high frequency microwave and is capable of
measuring distances up to 80km. day or night
a.
b. Tellurometer
c. Pedometer
d. Passometer
308. An electro-optical device which was developed by Bergstrand used to measure distances
based upon the known velocity of light. This instrument is set up at one station, projects a
pulsating visible light beam, to a reflector at another station which returns the light to the
instrument
a. Telluroeter
b. Microwave meter
c. Geodimeter
d. Odometer

309. A hand level adapted for measuring vertical angle

a. Dumpy Level
b. Clinometer
c. Wye level
d. Automatic Level

310. A type of levelling instrument which is often called construction level or architects level.
a. Automatic Level
b. Wye Level
c. Dumply Level
d. Builders Level

311. A standard practice to hold the tape horizontally above the ground and to plumb at one or
both ends when taping on sloping or uneven terrain surfaces. The procedures is known as:
a. Breaking tape
b. Tape measurements
c. Tallying tape
d. Slope taping

312. When a line is measured with a tape that is too long, the corrections applied to the
observed length is
a. added
b. subtracted
c. divided
d. multiplies

313. When a specified or required length is to be laid out with a tape that is too long, the
correction applied from the known length is to be.
a. added
b. multiplied
c. subtracted
d. divided

314. When a measuring length with a tape too short, the corrections applied to be observed
length is to be.
a. added
b. subtracted
c. multiplied
d. divided

315, When laying out lengths with a tape too short, the correction applied from the known is to
be.
a. subtracted
b. divided
c. multiplied
d. added

316. Slopes having a grade of less than 20% is called

a. Steep slopes
b. Very steep slopes
c. Gentle Slopes
d. Moderate slopes

317. Slopes having a grade between 20% - 30% is called

a. Steep slope
b. moderate slope
c. gentle slope
d. very steep slope

318. Slopes having a grade of greater than 30% is called

a. very steep slope
b. moderate slope
c. gentle slope
d. steel slope
319. A curved surface which is at any point perpendicular to the direction of gravity or the plumb
line is called.
a. level line
b. tangent line
c. horizontal line
d. level surface

320. A curved line in a level surface all points of which are normal to the direction of gravity and
equidistant from the center of the earth.
a. tangent line
b. level surface
c. horizontal line
d. level line
321. Normal tension is the amount of pull required to make the end points coincide with the
marked points on the pavements, where the elongation due to the increased in tension can be
made equal to the shortening due to sag by equating correcting due to tension to the correction
due to sag. It is expressed in formula.
W2L
a. PN =
24 Cs
CpAE
b. PN = + Ps
L
W 2 AE
c. PN =
24 P s 2 L
d. Pn=0.204 w √ AE/ √ Pn− pS

322. It is a plane that is tangent to a level surface at a particular point.

a. Horizontal line
b. Level Surface
c. Horizontal Surface
d. Level Line

323. A straight line in a horizontal plane which is tangent to a level line at one point. This line is
perpendicular to the direction to gravity at the point of tangency.
a. Horizontal line
b. Level Line
c. Tangent Line
d. Level Surface

324. An imaginary surface of the sea which is midway between high and low tides.
a. Mean Sea Level
b. Datum
c. Level Surface
d. Horizontal Surface

325. Any convenient level surface coincident or parallel with mean sea level to which elevations
of a particular area are referred.
a. Mean Sea Level b. Datum
c. Level Surface d. Horizontal Surface

326. The vertical distance above or below mean sea level or any other selected datum.
a) zenith distance c) vertical line
b) level line d) elevation

327. A type of levelling which is commonly employed method of determining the elevation of
points some distance apart by a series of setups of a levelling instrument along a selected
route. This is the most precise method of levelling, it is used when a high degree of accuracy is
required.
a) Reciprocal Levelling c) Direct or Spirit Leveling
b) Profile Levelling d) Trigonometric Leveling

328. The method of levelling used to determine the difference in elevation between two
intervisible points located at a considerable distance apart and between which points levelling
could not be performed in the usual manner.
a) Reciprocal Leveling c) Profile leveling
b) Double rodded leveling d) Trigonometric Leveling

329. This method of leveling is used to determine the differences in elevation between points at
designated short measured intervals along an established line to provide data from which a
vertical section of the ground service can be plotted.
a) Trigonometric Leveling c) Double rodded leveling
b) Profile leveling d) Differential leveling

330. This method of leveling is employed in determining by trigonometric computations the

difference in elevation between two points from measurements of its horizontal or slope
distance and the vertical angle between the points.
a) Barometric leveling c) Double rodded leveling
b) Trigonometric Leveling d) Profile Leveling

331. A type of leveling which combines features of direct leveling with those of trigonometric
leveling. This method is in fact a form of trigonometric leveling and it provides reasonable
accuracy for preliminary surveys, mapping and rough leveling where quick measurements are
needed.
a) Profile Leveling c) Stadia Leveling
b) Reciprocal Leveling d) Direct leveling

332. A type of leveling which involves the determination of differences in elevation between
points by measuring the variation in atmospheric pressure at its point by means of a barometer.
a) Barometric leveling c) Reciprocal Leveling
b) Profile Leveling d) Spirit leveling

333. A type of leveling usually used in a highway or railroad construction which is often
necessary to obtain a representation of the ground surface on either side of the center line.
a) Profile Leveling c) Direct leveling
b) Cross-section leveling d) Stadia Leveling

334. A method of leveling used in determining the relative elevations of points in a borrow pit
excavations for the purpose of calculating volumes of earthwork.
a) Profile Leveling c) Double rodded leveling
b) Borrow pit leveling d) Stadia Leveling
335. This is the most widely used direct leveling instrument. It has a long telescope which is
rigidly attached to the level bar and it can be rotated through 360 degrees, fixes the direction of
the line of sight.
a) Wye level c) Dumpy level
b) Automatic level d) Builders level

336. This line is generally adapted in surveying practice, it passed through the geographic north
and south poles of the earth and the observer’s position.
a) Magnetic meridian c) Grid meridian
b) Assumed meridian d) True meridian

337. Which one of the following types of projection is useful as a test projection “yardstick” in
evaluating the degree of success of any given projection and the percentage of error other the
bearings and distances from a given point.
a) Polyconic c) Azimuthal equidistant
b) Lambert conformal conic d) Gnomonic

338. Small angles are undesirable in a triangulation not because they

a) increase reading costs c) decreases strength of figure
b) make calculations more difficult d) have sines which increases slowly

339. Expansion of a triangulation net by measuring theodolite angles at known stations is

governed by the
a) strength of figure c) topographic conditions
b) reduction to center accuracy d) number of reading sets

340. In trilateration
a) short lines are best.
b) large angles are desirable.
c) reduction to center is necessary at most station.
d) elevation differences between stations must be considered.

341. The coordinates of a point on the earth’s surface are latitude and longitude. The
coordinates of the sun in a similar system are
a) declination and right ascension c) altitude and azimuth
b) declination and azimuth d) altitude and hour angle

342. The coordinates of a point in the earth’s surface are latitude and longitude. The
coordinates of the sun on the horizon system are
a) declination and right ascension c) altitude and azimuth
b) declination and hour angle d) altitude and hour angle

343. The sides of the astronomical triangle are

a) declination, polar distance and zenith distance
b) declination, polar distance and co-latitude
c) zenith distance, altitude and polar distance
d) co-latitude, zenith distance and polar distance

344. In determining the altitude of the pole by an observation on Polaris, the polar distance does
not have to be considered when
a) Polaris is at U.C. c) Polaris is at elongation
b) Polaris is at L.C. d) the hour angle is known

345. It is better to observe Polaris for true north at elongation instead of at culmination because
a) the star is moving faster at culmination
b) the star is moving faster at elongation
c) watch time must be more nearly correct at culmination
d) watch time must be more nearly correct at elongation

346. One advantage of observing Polaris at Culmination for azimuth is that

a) there is ample time o take readings with the telescope normal and plunged
b) computations are only slightly longer than for observations at any hour angle
c) the star is never more than a degree or two of true north
d) none of the answers is correct

347. Apparent Solar Time is the same as Civil Time

a) always, they are just alternate names c) twice each day
b) never d) correct answer is not given

348. And Ephemeris is necessary in

a) operating a Beaman Arc c) making collar
b) running a Rhode’s Arc d) making solar computations

349. True altitude of the sun observed by the theodolite is the vertical angle to center
a) plus parallax and refraction angles
b) minus parallax and refraction angles
c) minus parallax angle plus refraction angle
d) plus parallax angle minus refraction angle

350. Position on the celestial sphere of a star is by the

a) right ascension and declination
b) hour circle and prime meridian
c) equation of time and hour angles
d) declination of true bearing

351. Field notes for precise leveling differ from those for ordinary bench mark leveling in that
they
a) contain a column for intermediate foresights
b) do not contain a column for foresights
c) do not contain a column for the H.I.
d) do not provide a check on the arithmetic computations.

352. The permission closure for a second-order level circuit is

a) 0.17 √ M c) 0.50 √ M
b) 0.25 √ M d) none of the above

353. In the formula k √ M for permissible closure of a level loop.

a) M is the distance for the run out
b) M is the distance for the run back
c) M is the distance for the total run
d) M is the distance for the average run

354. Refraction is caused by

a) the bending of light rays by the earth’s atmosphere
b) observations being taken form the surface rather than the earth’s center
c) the failure of telescopes to focus properly for infinite distances
d) uneven distribution of light over the field of view of the telescope

355. Which map projection has distances correct on the central meridian, but the east and west
extremities are distorted
a) Mercator c) Gnomonic
b) Traverse Mercator d) Azimuthal

356. A map projection showing each parallel of latitude as the arc of a circle whose radius is
equal to the length of the tangent extending from the parallel to a point of intersection with the
earth’s axis is a
a) Stereographic c) Traverse Mercator
b) Mercator d) Polyconic

357. A polyconic projection map has

a) all meridians and parallels shown as straight lines
b) all the characteristics of the best maps for navigators
c) all meridians curved except the center meridian
d) wide use by Geodetic Survey parties in the field

358. The projection least suited for general use in and office and giving very inaccurate
information as to relative size of areas in widely different latitudes is the
a) Mercator c) Polyconic
b) Lambert conformal d) Mollweide

359. A line that intersects all successive meridians at the same (constant) angle is generally
called a
a) tangent line c) polyconic line
b) rhumb line d) conformal line

360. The traverse Mercator projection is best suited for states.

a) having a predominant East-West length
b) having a predominant North-South length
c) in latitudes below 30 degrees North
d) not tied into the Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulations nets.

361. The Lambert Conformal projection is

a) rectangular c) polyconic
b) conic d) cylindrical

362. The magnitude of a scale error for an area mapped by a Lambert Conformal projection is
fixed by the
a) difference in elevation of land
b) proximity to equator
c) east and west limitation chosen
d) north and south limitation chosen

363. On a globe, a rhumb line is a

a) straight line c) parabolic curve
b) a great circle d) spiral

364. The are to be mapped must be small, and long and narrow, with the long axis in the
direction of a meridian or parallel when using a
a) World Polyconic Grid c) British Grid
b) Orthomorphic d) Traverse Mercator

365. Which grid system has the most suitable projection for over-all coverage?
a) World Polyconic Grid c) Traverse Mercator
b) Orthomorphic d) none of the answers correct

366. Which grid system considers the portion of the earth between two selected parallels of
latitude to be a horizontal slice of a cone?
a) World Polyconic Grid c) Traverse Mercator
b) Orthomorphic d) none of the above

367. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of grid systems?

a) the geographical coverage of grid zones must be as large as possible to minimize the
occurrence of grid-zone junctions
b) horizontal measurement son an oriented map must increase numerically form E to W
c) the origin of the Cartesian coordinates must coincide with the geometrical center of the zone
d) because minus value increase the possibility of error, measurements must be in positive
numbers

368. Which one of the following projections requires a separate computation and map for each
city base upon which the map is centered?
a) lambert conformal conic c) gnomonic
b) azimuthal equidistant d) sterographic

369. Every parallel of latitude is represented on a map by the developed circumference of the
base of a right cone tangent tot the earth at that parallel in the projection.
a) polyconic c) sterographic
b) mercator d) gnomonic

370. Which one of the following characteristics is true of the Lambert conformal conic
projection?
a) it is not especially accurate when applied to large areas with E-W extension.
b) within two standard parallels, all directions are approximately true.
c) the scale is expanded within the standard parallels, and compressed outside the standard
parallels
d) the plotting of courses is facilitated since the rhumb lines appear as slight curves

371. Which one of the following characteristics is true of the gnomonic projection?
a) a straight line between any two points on the chart represents the shortest distance between
them on the earth’s surface.
b) it requires much less computation that the polyconic projection and is much easier to
construct.
c) it is an easily constructed projection.
d) when the plane of projection is tangent at the equator, the parallels are straight lines and
meridians are exaggerated curves
372. One characteristic of the orthomorphic grid system is that
a) measurements are given in both positive and negative numbers.
b) it assumes that the earth is a sphere, not a cone.
c) the grid lines tilt badly from the true north at the center.
d) is it the least complicated of the three main systems.

373. Which one of the following characteristics is true of the Mercator projection?
a) it is a geometric projection rather than a true mathematical projection
b) the entire circumference of the globe from 90 degrees N to 90 degrees S may be
represented.
c) there is a constantly decreasing scale along meridians away from the equator.
d) straight lines represent the true course of direction but do not show the shortest distance.

374. A characteristic of the Traverse Mercator grid system is that

a) meridians and parallels meet at right angles.
b) the is a 90-degree transposition of the poles to points at opposite position on the equator.
c) the projection for local maps and charts is fully conformal
d) grid declinations increase greatly outward from the center meridian.

375. With which one of the following types of projection do serious defects develop toward the
north and south boundaries if the total area mapped include more than 30 degrees of latitude.
a) Gnomonic c) Lambert conformal conic
b) Mercator d) Azimuthal equidistant

376. The projection which meridians and parallels are projected onto a plane tangent to the
sphere from a point on the earth’s surface opposite to the point of tangency is the
a) stereographic c) polyconic
b) Lambert conformal conic d) gnomonic

378. A grid system in which the W-E and S-N measurements are not always positive is
a) the orthomorphic
b) the Traverse Mercator
c) the world polyconic
d) none of the above

379. Which of the following statements is true?

a) the gnomonic projection is the only one on which the great circle is represented as a straight
line.
b) the Mercator projection is the only one in which a rhumb is shown as a straight line.
c) curvature of the outer meridians on the polyconic projection may prevent a neat junction of
adjacent maps.
d) all of the above.

380. A disadvantage of the Mercator projection is that

a) meridians are not straight up and down throughout the map.
b) adjoining charts, north and south, will differ in scale and conformality.
c) a unit of area at the equator is represented by and area of approximately infinity near the
pole.
d) all of the above

381. In the Lambert projection, the scale is too small between the standard parallels and too
large beyond them
a) statement correct c) scale correct throughout
b) the reverse is true d) no general rule

382. The projection for which the meridional scale between the parallels is too large; the scale
along the parallels too small; and the reverse conditions exist.
a) Lambert c) Gnomonic
b) Albers d) Polyconic
383. The errors of the polyconic projection increase at distances from the central meridian
approximately as the
a) first power c) third power
b) second power d) fourth power

384. Which of the following is INCORRECT? In the polyconic projection the

a) reference lines, expecting the equator and central meridian, are curved.
b) parallels are nonconcentric circles.
c) divisions of the parallels are in correct scale
d) projection is limited in its extension of latitude.

385. Comparing the Lambert conformal conic projection and the Albers Equal Area projection.
a) only the Lambert is a conic.
b) only the Albers has two standard parallels of true scale.
c) on selected parallels, arcs of longitude are represented to exact scale in both projecting.
d) all of the above.

386. The Lambert Conformal projection

a) uses a cone as the projection surface
b) uses a cylinder for projection
c) in constructed considering only the spheroid
d) does not distort the earth’s surface

387. On a Mercator projection, a line of constant true bearing is a

a) base line c) plumb line
b) rhumb line d) longitude meridian

388. A primary feature of a Lambert projection is

a) grid declinations are constant.
b) scale between two standard parallels is less than one.
c) projections for small area maps always give equal areas.
d) the geometric solid used is a cylinder.

389. In the State Plane Coordinate System, the variable in finding

a) mapping angle is longitude c) mapping angle is radius of the cone
b) mapping angle is latitude d) scale factor is radius of the cone

390. The vane or propeller type current meter

a) has a vertical axis.
b) rotates due to difference in pressure on opposite sides of vanes.
c) requires an electrical or acoustal counting and arrangements.
d) none of the above.
391. In rating a current meter
a) all measurements are made in one direction.
b) all runs are at the same speed
c) speed of the runs can be selected to provide a partial heck
d) still water must be available

392. Acoustical sounding is now practical for depths as shallow as

a) 200 ft.
b) 100 ft.
c) 50 ft.
d) 10 ft.

393. The vertical velocity curve (curve showing velocities at various depths in a vertical section.)
a) differs greatly for sections in the same stream.
b) differs greatly for sections in shallow and deeper streams
c) is generally accepted to be parabolic in form with a horizontal ads
d) all of the above

394. The average velocity of flow in a vertical section of a stream

a) is approximately 0.9 times the surface velocity.
b) is the average of the velocities at the 0.2 and 0.8 points.
c) Can be found within 2% by plotting the curve of readings at the tenth points, finding the area,
and dividing by the depth.
d) all of the above

395. The average (mean) velocity of flow in a vertical section of a stream occurs at the
a) 0.2 point
b) 0.5 point
c) 0.6 point
d) 0.8 point

396. The maximum velocity in a traverse section of a stream usually occurs

a) at the shallowest part of the cross section.
b) at the deepest part of the cross section
c) near the blanks
d) at the center of the stream.

397. Adding all separate measurements of an angle and dividing by a number of angles gives
a) the meridian
b) arithmetic mean
c) a standard deviation
d) harmonic mean
398. For a trilateration chain covering a strip about 30 miles wide, the strongest is a net of
a) central point figures
b) triangles
c) quadrilaterals
d) quadrilateral angles

399. The portion of a circle between its circumference and a chord is called a (an)
a) arc-chord
b) exsecant
c) segment
d) sector

400. The error resulting from actual length of a steel tape being shorter than standard is
a) accidental
b) natural
c) systematic
d) random

401. A triangulation net that includes some small angles is

a) certain to increase the number of pointing to insure accuracy.
b) more costly to observe in the field
c) likely to have more errors
d) subject to loss of strength of figure

402. In triangulation nets, “reduction to center” means

a) reducing spherical excess
b) re-centring the vertical collimator
c) adjusting for meridian convergence
d) correcting for an observation from an eccentric station

403. A typical subtense bar has sighting points exactly 2 meters apart so the
a) bar is observed in any position if precisely leveled
b) horizontal measurement accuracy should be at least 1/12,000
c) horizontal angle measured is somewhat dependent upon line of sight slope.
d) vertical angle from instrument to bar is not needed to reduce slope to

404. An instrument which is set up precisely over a triangulation point and then by a horizontal
sight can center a theodolite mounted above on a tower ls a (an)
a) Beáman Arc
b) Gradlenter
c) Optical collimator
d) Optical mictometer

405. In Sate Plane Coordinate Systems, the mapping angle 0 influenced by changes in the
a) convergence of meridian
b) longitude
c) optical collimator
d) latitudes

406. The solar compass used in running some original public lands surveys
a) automatically corrects for local attraction
b) defines directions based upon the magnetic needle
c) cannot give even approximately correct results
d) is designed for astronomical-type operation

407. In astronomical observations for meridian determination, “equation of time” is

a) the difference in time of solar and sidereal year
b) never more than approximately one minute
c) the difference between sidereal and sun time
d) hte difference in hour angles of true and mean sun

408. The mapping angle at a given State Plane Coordinate system longitude, where compared
with the central meridian of the system is
a) greater than the longitude difference
b) equal to the longitude difference
c) smaller than the longitude difference
d) independent of longitude difference

409. On a vertical aerial photo, the image of a deep quarry is displaced,

a) along the flight line
b) inward toward the photo center
c) tangentially
d) outward from the photo center

410. Overlap is
a) photos taken one above another
b) three or more photos
c) photos taken at regular intervals
d) photos of an area from different places

411. Stereoscopy requires

a) photos taken one above another
b) three or more photos
c) photos taken at regular intervals
d) photos of an area from different places

412. A meander line is normally run to

a) locate the iregular shore line of a lake or river
b) determine exact riparian ownership
c) establish the thread of a stream
d) define end of usable land

413. One-sixteenth comers of

a) set along section lines at 1/16-mile intervals
b) not normally set at the time of the original BLM survey
c) Set at the 4 corners of each 1/16 section
d) restored by double proportionate measurement

414. Parallax
a) correction is subtracted from the vertical angle to sun in a solar observation.
b) difference for 2 points on a pair of overlapping aerial photos is measured to get the change in
elevation between the points
c) an instrument when the cross hairs and plane of the image coincide
d) correction-ls needed when light rays pass from a less dense into more dense medium.

415. Graphical triangulation is most frequently used in

a) surveys of third order
b) plane table survey
c) the drafting room
d) hydrographic surveys

416. When using a substance bar, it is necessary to obtain vertical angle readings
a) if you desire to know difference in elevation
b) to reduce measured distance to horizontal distance
c) except that readings of vertical angles has no value
d) to compensate for curvature and refraction

417. In a series of surveying measurements of the same distance

a) agreement between values assures accuracy
b) good equipment assure precision
c) precision can be obtained without reasonable agreement
d) none of these

418. A solar observation for meridian Is generally considered to be

a) more accurate than an observation on any star other than Polaris.
b) accurate within plus or minus 3 minutes of arc for an experienced surveyor.
c) less accurate than a meridian observation made with a good surveyors compass.
d) poor practice for section line retracement in mountainous country

419. The most accurate method of observing the true meridian involving the least amount of
calculation is
a) observation on the sun
b) polaris at culmination
c) Polaris at elongation
d) by means of a Burt Solar attachment

420. A single chain of triangles is adjusted in two steps by the

a) "geometric condition" and the "trigonometric condition"
b) "trigonometric condition" and the "side condition"
c) "geometric condition" and the law of sines
d) "station adjustment" and the "figure adjustment"

421. In preparing a map of the proposed Site for a building, generally the first things to locate
are the
a) lot corners
b) gas and water mains
c) street lines
d) trees

422. Radia-ine plotting is used

a) primarily to plot topography
b) like a pantograph to enlarge or reduce
c) primarily to plot vertical control
d) in extending horizontal control

423. The correction for curvature of the earth and refraction

a) requires 5 curves for each altitude
b) is inaccurate for high altitudes
c) varies inversely with altitude
d) is never addictive

424. A profile shows graphically

a) cross sections
b) the grade line along a route
c) contours of the area
d) center-line elevations along a route
425. The difference between original volume in cut and final volume in fill of excavated materials
is known as
a) settlement
b) haul
c) shrinkage
d) subsidence

426. Declination is always referred to

a) true North
b) Grid North
c) Magnetic North
d) none of these

427. A geodimeter is an instrument for measuring

a) current velocity
b) strength of concrete
c) distance
d) seismic amplitudes

428 The scale of an aerial map was given as 1/25 000. This is called the
a) representative factor
b) meters and bounds factor
c) manuscript factor
d) plotting factor

429. The system of linear measurements used In the United State is the
a) english
b) Roman
c) metric
d) quadratio

430. The use of stereo pairs highly developed for map making in the field of
a) photography
b) transit-stadia surveys
c) monoscopic engineering
d) photogrammetry

431. The average end area and prismoidal are used for measuring
a) volume of earthwork
b) fineness modulus
c) differential levels
d) BOD concentrations
432. In reading a compass the angle between true North and the needle on the compass, is
called the
a) strike
b) adjustment
c) declination
d) index error

433. A tellurometer is a device used for measuring

a) latitude
b) azimuth
c) distance
d) current velocity

434. When earth is deposited in an embankment, it will assume a natural slope. The angle
between this natural slope line and a horizontal plane & called the
a) angle of incidence
b) angle of refraction
c) spectral angle
d) angle of repose

435. Which of the following most nearly defines use of the mass diagram in preliminary
earthwork studies? To determine
a) swell and/or shrinkage factors
b) direction of haul for road builders
c) preliminary yardage balances and distribution and overhaul quantities
d) final quantities for excavation

436. An Instrument used to measure directly the area of cross sections that are plotted to scale
is called a (an)
a) transit
b) stereoplanigraph
c) alidade
d) polar planimeter

437. The angle from the horizon to Polaris is equal to the

a) latitude
b) vemal equinox
c) summer solstice
d) right ascension

438. In surveying, the effect of measuring an angle by repetition is described as

a) making any mistake obvious
b) reducing a reading error by spreading it over a multiple of the angle
c) reducing the effect of several reading errors by averaging them
d) using a mechanical procedure as a substitute for mathematical computation.

439. A traverse was made of the boundary of a field having 7 straight lines. All angles were
measured on the side toward the field, the sum of the angles should be
a) 720
b) 900
c) 1080
d) 1260

440. A particular map could correctly be called a topographic map because it showed
a) location of boundary lines and structures
b) distances and dimensions
c) contours and natural features and works of man.
d) cities, towns, highways, and railroads

441. When adjusting traverses by the compass rule, the correction to be applied to the latitude
of a course is to the total error of latitude as the
a) latitude of the course is to the arithmetical sum of the latitudes.
b) square of the latitude of the course is to the sum of the squares of the lake.
c) latitude of the course is to the length of the traverse.
d) length of the course is to the length of the traverse.

442. The wye level differs from the dumpy level because it
a) has the telescope removable from its support
b) has the telescope rigidly attached to its supports
c) is easier to operate
d) has a direct reading eyepiece

443. Distance between two points in plane surveying means

a) meander distance measured with a steel tape
b) distance measured by stadia hairs
c) horizontal distance
d) vertical distance

444. The Beaman stadia arc is an attachment for the transit which
a) is graduated in degrees, minutes, and seconds
b) gives vertical distances directly
c) gives horizontal distances directly
d) is graduated in percent.

445. A dumpy level is usually tested by the

a) Depression Rule
b. Peg method
c) Transit Rule
d) Compass Rule

446. The geodimeter is a device which

a) measures slope distances
b) operates on the same electrical principles as radar
c) operates on the same electrical principles as the tellurometer
d) operates on the same electrical principles as the electroape.

447. The scales of the slide rule are graduated

a) logarithmically
b) n the auto-point mode
c) according to the binary scale
d) on the sine curve

448. A steel tape will contract or expand about ___times as much as a lovar
a) 10
b) 20
c) 3
d) 100

449. Latitude is
a) any small circle on the sphere
b) a plane coordinate
c) a great circle passing through the poles
d) determined by the angular distance from the zenith to the equator

450. Contour interval is the

a) horizontal distance between any two contour lines
b) slope distance between any two contour lines
c) height above the datum plane
d) vertical distance between any two contour lines

451. A deflection angle is

a) always turned in a clockwise direction from backsight
b) always turned with the telescope normal
c) the same as the interior angle
d) the angle between the prolongation of a straight line and a line ahead.

452. To read an angle by repetition, it is necessary to

a) set plates at zero before backsighting for each turning of the angle
b) keep plates set at the value of the angle already turned when backsighting for each turning
c) turn angles with telescope normal
d) turn angles with telescope inverted
453. Isogonic charts are
a) used to great advantage when working on the gnomonic projection.
b) an aid in the determination of magnetic variation
c) used to great advantage in trilateration
d) helpful mostly to navigation.

454. Establishing precise horizontal and vertical control points for detailed surveys is one of the
functions of the
a) Bureau of Standards
b) Coast and Geodetic Survey
c) Corps of Engineers
d) General Land Office

455. In direct leveling, which of the following is NOT true?

a) a foresight is a rod reading taken on a point whose elevation is to be found
b) the height of instrument is the elevation of the line of sight.
c) a backsight relates to the direction in which the sight was taken.
d) to determine the height of instrument involves the backsight.

456. Prolonging a straight line with a transit by double centering eliminates the error caused by
the
a) vertical cross hair not being truly vertical
b) vertical cross hair not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis
c) line of sight not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
d) line of sight not being parallel to the axis of the telescope bubble.

457. The necessary parts of a spherical triangle to determine the azimuth of the sun are
a) latitude, longitude, and altitude
b) hour angle, longitude, altitude, and horizontal angle
c) equation of time, altitude, and declination
d) latitude, altitude, and declination

458. In ordinary leveling, if you keep your foresight and backsight distances nearly equal, what
source of error do you eliminate?
a) bubble not exactly centered at instant of sighting
b) horizontal cross hair not truly horizontal
c) earth’s curvature and refraction
d) parallax

459. A practical method for the determination of the latitude of a place, if no maps or tables are
available, is by
a) observation of the sun at noon
b) observation of the sun at sunrise and sunset
c) observation of Polaris at eastern elongation
d) observing the meridian altitude of Polaris at succeeding upper and lower culmination and
averaging the two recorded readings.

460. The most simple and accurate method of determination of true meridian is
a) from the coordinates of any two points on the State Plane Coordinate System.
b) with a surveyor’s precise compass
c) from the coordinates of any 2 points if the latitude and longitude of these points is known.
d) from the State Plane Coordinates of 2 intervisible points and the mapping angle which are
known.

461. The equation of time is the difference

a) astronomical time and civil time
b) between sidereal time and solar time
c) in hour angle between the true sun and mean sun
d)

462. A plane, perpendicular to the earth’s axis, and equidistant from the poles, passing through
the sphere, defines a line thereon, this line being commonly called
a) parallel of longitude
b) equator
c) parallel of latitude
d) horizon

463. The most accurate method for determination of the true meridian involving the least
amount of calculation is
a) Polaris at elongation
b) Polaris at culmination
c) observation of sun
d) use of Burt Solar attachment

464. A solar observation for meridian is generally considered

a) more accurate than an observation for meridian on a circumpolar star.
b) accurate within plus or minus 3 minutes of arc.
c) less accurate than a meridian determination made with a good surveyor’s compass.
d) damaging to the observer’s eyesight.

465. When determining the bearing of a line by solar observation using the altitude method
a) the longitude of the station occupied must be known
b) the semidiameter of the sun must be known
c) it is necessary to know Civil Time
d) temperature and altitude do not alter the results

466. The accuracy of an angular measurement is not impaired by

a) improper centering of instruments
b) short sights
c) sights of great length with well-defined targets
d) extremely hot temperatures

467. The sun and stars are located by the celestial coordinates
a) right ascension and sidereal hour angle
b) prime vertical and hour angle
c) declination and right ascension
d) hour angle and equation of time

468. In triangulation, reduction to center is necessary

a) to determine spherical excess
b) to compensate for convergence of meridians
c) to adjust wild sights
d) when an eccentric station is occupied

469. Graphical triangulation is most frequently used

a) in surveys of third order
b) in the drafting room
c) to determine position from quad maps
d) in plane table surveys

470. When using a magnetic compass

a) the dip is at right angles to the meridian
b) east and west are in reversed positions on the plate
c) the north pole of the earth is a magnetic north pole
d) the direction of the needle may be accurately predicted within 5 minutes of arc

471. One of the most useful attachments to the alidade for computing difference in elevation
and reduction to horizontal distance is
a) Cox’s stadia reducer
b) Lehmann’s triangle
c) Beaman’s stadia arc
d) the altimeter

472. The term “grad” is a unit of

a) linear measure, either English or metric system
b) linear measure, English system
c) linear measure, metric system
d) arc measure, metric system

473. There are several methods employed in leveling. The most common method used is
a) trigonometric leveling
b) transit leveling
c) barometric leveling
d) direct or spirit leveling

474. To prolong a line by plunging the telescope, using an ordinary transit

a) it is unnecessary to double center
b) accurate plumb of backsight may be ignored
c) the transit need not be centered exactly above the point
d) the transit need not be in perfect adjustment, if the instrument is double centered.

475. One of the many advantages in the use of the 3-wire leveling system is
a) it is fast, accurate, and self-checking
b) simplified reading of target
c) double rodding may be ignored
d) that it can be accomplished with only the use of a self-leveling rod and yard rods

476. An anomaly in surveying is

a) the point in an elliptical orbit of a planet farthest from the sun.
b) a deviation of an observed value from a theoretical value in geodesy
c) an adjusted Laplace azimuth
d) a type of barometer

477. Which traverse adjustment first distributes the angular error in equal portions and then
holds the angles fixed
a) Compass rule
b) Crandall method
c) Transit rule
d) Least Squares method

478. Eccentricity of a surveyor’s compass results from the

a) axis through the 2 ends of the needle missing the center of rotation
b) center of the graduated circle and needle rotation not being coincident
c) line of sight not passing through the instrument’s vertical axis
d) all of the above

479. A retrograde vernier

a) has vernier divisions smaller than primary scale division
b) has numbers running in the opposite direction from those on the main scale.
c) is also a direct vernier.
d) none of the above

480. The first electronic distance measuring instrument was the geodetic distance meter
(geodimeter) which was developed in 1948 by a Swedish physicist named
a) Dr. T.L. Wadley
b) Erik Bergstand
c) Pierre Vernier
d) Hipparchus

481. The latitude of a line is its projection onto the reference meridian while the departure of a
line is its projection onto the
a) north-south line
b) equatorial axis
c) reference parallel
d) polar axis

482. The method of least squares is a mathematically exact method. It is the best way of
adjusting survey data particularly very precise measurements. This method is employed to
simultaneously adjust the angular and linear measurements to make the sum of the squares of
the residuals a minimum. It is based on the
a) theory of relativity
b) theory of probability
c) theory of responsibility
d) theory of opportunity

483. Simpson’s One Third Rule is based on the assumption that the curved boundary consists
of parabolic arcs, where each arc is continuous over their adjacent offsets that are equally
spaced. Because of this assumption, the rule is only applicable when there is
a) an even number of offsets
b) both odd and even
c) more than 10 equal offsets
d) an odd number of offsets

484. For any of the cases encountered in the partition or subdivision of land, a resurvey is run,
the latitudes and departures are determined, the surveyed traverse is balanced, and the area of
the entire tract is computed. Also, when computing the desired subdivision scheme
a) coordinates of all corners must be known
b) all lengths must be measured and recorded to the nearest decimeter
c) only the adjusted latitudes and departures are used
d) the relative precision must be at least 1/500

485. The stadia is a unit of length originally applied is measuring distances for athletic contests.
It denoted 600 Greek Units, which by present day international standards is equal to
a) 148m. 39cm.
b) 814m. 93cm.
c) 193 m. 84cm.
d) 184m. 93cm.
486. A device used for quick and accurate measurement of distances which consists of a two-
meter bar mounted horizontally on a tripod is the
a) subtense bar
b) stadia bar
c) sighting bar
d) stadia rod

487. The ratio of the focal length of the lens to the spacing between stadia hairs is called the
a) stadia intercept
b) stadia constant
c) stadia interval factor
d) stadia distance
488. One of the oldest types of surveying instruments used in the field mapping which consists
of a board attached to a tripod in such a way that it can be leveled or rotated to any desired
direction is the
a) traverse table
b) mapping table
c) plane table
d) field table

489. The process of locating a plane table station on the map by sighting on two or more
previously plotted points whose positions are visible from the plane table station is referred to as
a) resection
b) intersection
c) traversing
d) orientation

490. An instrument used on the plane table for taking sights and drawing lines when locating
points on the map is the
a) Beaman’s stadia arc
b) straight edge
c) stadia rod
d) alidade

491. Orientation of the plane table by sighting along a line previously plotted on the board with
the table set up over one end of the line and the alidade pointing towards the other end of the
plotted line is a method of orientation by
a) foresighting
b) backsighting
c) the three-point problem
d) compass

492. In locating points or other map details with the plane table, the procedure of intersection is
done by sighting on the same point from
a) one plane table station
b) each of two plane table stations
c) a benchmark
d) not less three plane table stations

493. A kind of chart which consists of a series of elliptical lines indicating the sun’s path for
various latitudes intersected by a series of straight lines indicating various sun times is the
a) Sun Chart
b) Lehmann’s Chart
c) Stepping Chart
d) Baldwin Solar Chart

494. Orientation is the process by which the plane table is set up and aligned so that lines on
the drawing paper are parallel to the lines on the ground which they represent. Orientation of the
plane table may be accomplished by
a) comparing with another map
b) the use of the compass, by backsighting, or by resection
c) trial and error
d) using a magnetic compass, foresighting, and traversing

495. Maps which represents the earth’s surface in three dimensions, and which usually uses
contours to indicate relief is termed as
a) planimetric map
b) topographic map
c) nautical map
d) location map

496. A type of map which deals with a specific theme or subject usually against some skeletal
topographic background is called a
a) planimetric map
b) topographic map
c) photomap
d) thematic map

497. A fathometer is a measuring device which automatically records measurements of depth

taken from
a) an aircraft
b) a bridge
c) a nearby shore station
d) a moving water vessel

498. A method of measuring the depth of water by determining the time required for sound
waves to travel from a point near the surface of the water to the bottom and back is called
a) radio acoustic ranging
b) long-range navigation
c) short- range navigation
d) echo sounding

499. A systematic drawing to scale, on a plane surface, of lines representing the parallels and
meridians of the earth, for the whole earth or some portion of it is termed a
a) cylindrical projection
b) conical projection
c) plane projection
d) map projection

500. An area of photogrammetry which refers to the use of measurement made on aerial
photographs to obtain quantitative data about the earth’s surface is referred to as
a) Metric Photogrammetry
b) Terrestrial Photogrammetry
c) Multispectral Scanning
d) Interpretive Photogrammetry

501. To enable direct reading of horizontal and vertical stadia distance, a device with a specially
graduated arc attached to the vertical circle of an instrument is used. This device is called:
a) Cox Stadia Computer
b) Stadia Slide Rule
c) Beaman Stadia Arc
d) Stadia Reduction Arc

502. One of the oldest types of surveying instruments used in field mapping which consist of
board attached to a tripod in such a way that it can be levelled or rotated to any desired
direction is the:
a) traverse table
b) mapping table
c) plotting table
d) plane table

503. The three-arm protractor is a device used for plotting two angle which have been observed
with an instrument between three known points. The angles when plotted on the map can locate
the:
a) position of any distant point sighted
b) magnetic meridian
c) magnetic declination
d) position of the observer

504. When the slope of the ground is so small as to make the horizontal distance practically
equal to the inclined distance the stepping (or interval) method is used to determine:
a) angles of depression
b) magnetic direction of a line
c) differences in elevation
d) angles in inclination

505. Maps which represent the earth’s surface in three-dimension, and which usually uses
contours to indicate relief is termed as:
a) planimetric map
b) topographic map
c) road map
d) nautical map

506. The configuration and roughness of the ground may be represented by the use of
hachures which are series of short lines drawn:
a) in the direction of the slope
b) in the shape of the radiating circles
c) parallel to the datum plane
d) to conform to elevation differences

507. A spherical triangle is the figure formed by joining any three points on the surface of the
sphere by arcs of great circles. These three points are
a) the south celestial pole, the observer’s nadir, and the observed heavenly body
b) the north and south celestial poles, and the heavenly body observed
c) the north celestial pole, the observer’s zenith, and the heavenly body
d) the observed heavenly body, the sun and the star

508. The meridian distance of a lines defined as the:

a) longest distance from the center of the line to the reference meridian
b) perpendicular distance from the midpoint of the line to the reference parallel
c) shortest distance from the midpoint of the line to the reference meridian
d) offset distance measured from either the reference meridian or reference parallel

509. Simpson’s One third is based on the assumption that the curved boundary consists of
parabolic arcs, where each are continuous over three adjacent offsets that are equally spaced.
Because of this assumption, the rule is only applicable when there is:
a) an even no. of offset
b) either an odd or even no. of offset
c) an equal no. of odd and even offset
d) an odd number of offsets

510. A pace is defined as the length of a step-in walking. It may be measured from:
a) heel to toe
b) toe to hell
c) heel to heel
d) mid-heel to mid-toe
511. The standard practice of measuring short distance on uneven and sloping ground to
accumulate a full tape length wherein the tape is held horizontally above ground and plumbed at
one or both ends is referred to as:
a) slope taping
b) horizontal taping
c) incremental taping
d) breaking tape

512. A reading taken on a rod held on a point whose elevation is to be determined is called a:
a) foresight
b) backsight
c) height of instrument
d) release point

513. The horizontal angle and direction by which the needle of a compass deflects from the true
meridian at any particular locality is called the:
a) local attraction
b) magnetic dip
c) magnetic declination
d) secular variation
514. The method of adjusting a traverse by the transit rule is similar to the method using the
compass rule. The main difference at that with the transit rule the latitude and departure
corrections depend on the length of the latitude and departure of the course, respectively,
instead of both depending on the:
a) error of closure
b) angular measurements
c) length of the traverse
d) length of the course

515. The average height of the sea for all stages of the tide obtained from systematic
observations of sea level at equal intervals over a long period of time along a given coastline is
termed:
a) mean low level
b) mean sea level
c) mean low water springs
d) mean lower low water

516. Normal tension is defined as the applied pull which will lengthen the tape to equal the:
a) decrease in standard pull
b) shortening due to temperature
c) increase in length due to the absence of intermediate supports
d) shortening caused by sag
517. The subtense bar is a convenient and practical device used for quick and accurate
measurements of horizontal distance. It consists of a round steel tube through which runs a thin
invar rod and at each end of the frame the target marks are house exactly
a) 2.00 m apart
b) 1.00 m apart
c) 1.50 m apart
d) 3.00 m apart

518. The speed of rotation of celestial sphere per 24 hours is

a) 360° 59.14’
b) 360° 00’ 00”
c) 359° 49.41’
d) 359° 41.49”

519. An astronomical containing table giving the computed position of the sun, the planets, and
various stars for every day of a given period is called
a) an ephemer is
b) celestial chart
c) an emeritus
d) a geodetic mark

520. A turnout is track leading from main or other track and one rail of the turnout track should
cross one rail of the main track; and a device is necessary to allow the flange of the wheel to
past this crossing this device is called
a) the frog
b) the switch
c) the guard rail
d) the cross over

521. An proximately horizontal underground passageway running from the surface into the mine
workings and used for drainage and ventilation.
a) Adit c) Apex
b) Bed d) Back

522. The portion of the surface of the undisturbed rock formation which is included between the
walls o sides of the mineral deposit.
a) Adit c) Apex
b) Bed d) Back

523. A stratum in the earth’s crust which has been formed or deposited in a nearly horizontal
layer.
a) Adit c) Apex
b) Bed d) Back
524. Top of a passageway.
a) Adit c) Apex
b) Bed d) Back

525. A narrow inclined passage used for drawing off broken ore from a stope or raise.
a) Back c) Chute
b) Dip d) Back

526. Timbers around top of shaft.

a) Collar c) Fault
b) Apex d) Heading

527. One of the smaller passageway or a large shaft divided by timber partitions.
a) Connection c) Dip
b) Compartment d) Chute

528. A passageway which is driven from one accessible part of the mine to another.
a) Cross-cut c) Connection
b) Compartment d) Heading

529. A horizontal passageway across or approximately at right angles to the strike.

a) Cross-cut c) Compartment
b) Connection d) Dip

530. The vertical angle between the plane of the vein and a horizontal plane measured
perpendicular to the strike.
a) Fault c) Floor
b) Dip d) Heading

531. A fracture in the earth’s crust along which slipping, or shearing has occurred.
a) Fault c) Dip
b) Heave d) Levels

532. The bottom of the passageway or of a seam of bed.

a) Cross-cut c) Heading
b) Manhole d) Floor

533. A passage driven into the rock or ore head of the main excavations.
a) Heading c) Cross-cut
b) Connection d) Compartment

534. The distance between the two parts of the same vein which is divided by a fault, measured
along the strike of the fault.
a) Heave c) Heading
b) Levels d) Manhole
535. Horizontal passageway run at different levels along the deposit or adjacent to it for working
the mine.
a) Heave c) Manhole
b) Cross-cut d) Levels

536. A small passage from one level into the next level above or below, or into slopes.
a) Mill-hole c) Manhole
b) Heave d) Floor

537. A passage between a stope and a level through which the ore is conveyed.
a) Mill-hole c) Manhole
b) Levels d) Heave

538. A rich aggregation of ore within a vein.

a) Outcrop c) Ore shoot
b) Manhole d) Heave

539. The portion of the vein exposed at the surface of the ground.
a) Outcrop c) Ore shoot
b) Floor d) Prop

540. A piece of timber which prevents any rock in the roof from falling, sometimes called a post.
a) Ore Shoot c) Raise
b) Prop d) Roof

541. A passage driven steeply upward from any portion of the mine.
a) Prop c) Raise
b) Roof d) Outcrop
542. The top of a passageway or of a seam or bed.
a) Roof c) Compartment
b) Connection d) Raise

543. A place other than a passageway from which material has been extracted. The term
usually refers to bed deposits.
a) Roof c) Raise
b) Room d) Prop

544. A bed of mineral or small vein.

a) Seam c) Roof
b) Room d) Prop

545. Rooms formed by the excavation of ore above or below a level, sometimes filled with
broken ore or rock.
a) Strike c) Stull
b) Heave d) Wall

546. The line of intersection of the vein with a horizontal plane; also, the direction of that line
expressed as a bearing. The strike is always at right angles to the dip.
a) Strike c) Stull
b) Throw d) Wall

547. A piece of timber wedged in crosswise between the side walls of a passageway.
a) Dip c) Heave
b) Stull d) Vein

548. A horizontal working passageway open at both ends.

a) Throw c) Tunnel
b) Vein d) Wall

549. The vertical distance between the planes representing two parts of the same vein which is
divided by a fault. The term is used only in regard to deposits which are nearly horizontal.
a) Throw c) Stull
b) Strike d) Seam

550. A relatively thin deposit of mineral between definite boundaries. It is a mineral body of
flattened shape.
a) Tunnel c) Wall
b) Vein d) Stull

551. The rock on each side of the mineral body. The upper wall is called the hanging wall and
the lower the feet wall.
a) Vein c) Stull
b) Wall d) Winze

552. A subsidiary shaft not starting from the surface.

a) Winze c) Vein
b) Throw d) Stull

553. The distance from the vertex to the curve measured towards the center or the curve in
a) middle ordinate c) external distance
b) radius d) chord

554. The line joining the middle of the chord with the middle of the curve subtended by this
chord is called
a) middle ordinate c) external distance
b) offset d) subchord
555. The angle at the center subtended by a chord of 20 m. or 100 ft. is
a) degree of curve c) sub-angle
b) central angle d) deflection

556. The angle formed by the tangent to a curve and a chord from P.C. is
a) tangential angle c) intersection
b) deflection angle d) a and b

557. Two curves that lie upon opposite sides of the common tangent from a
a) spiral curve c) compound curve
b) reversed curve d) degree of curve

558. A curve formed by two curves following each other having a common tangent and lying
upon the same side of the common tangent is
a) compound curve c) degree of curve
b) reversed curve d) spiral curve

559. In a railroad track the device necessary to allow the flange of the wheel to pass the
crossing is
a) frog c) spur
b) switch d) guard rail

560. The __________ is set opposite to the frog to prevent the flange from bearing against the
frog point.
a) guard rail c) switch
b) spur d) cross over