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Orange Notes

The orange is a hybrid fruit originating from Southeast Asia produced by crossbreeding the pomelo and mandarin. It is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in the world. In 2019, Brazil was the world's largest orange producer, growing 22% of the 79 million tonnes harvested globally that year. Oranges are grown commercially in tropical and subtropical regions and can be consumed fresh or processed into juice or peel.

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Alwyn Dsouza
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26 views

Orange Notes

The orange is a hybrid fruit originating from Southeast Asia produced by crossbreeding the pomelo and mandarin. It is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in the world. In 2019, Brazil was the world's largest orange producer, growing 22% of the 79 million tonnes harvested globally that year. Oranges are grown commercially in tropical and subtropical regions and can be consumed fresh or processed into juice or peel.

Uploaded by

Alwyn Dsouza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The orange is the fruit of various citrus species in the family Rutaceae (see list of plants known as orange);

it primarily
refers to Citrus × sinensis,[1] which is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related Citrus × aurantium,
referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties
of sweet orange arise through mutations.[2][3][4][5]

The orange is a hybrid between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata).[2][6] The chloroplast
genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo.[7] The sweet orange has had its full genome sequenced.[2]

The orange originated in a region encompassing Southern China, Northeast India, and Myanmar,[8][9] and the
earliest mention of the sweet orange was in Chinese literature in 314 BC.[2] As of 1987, orange trees were found to be
the most cultivated fruit tree in the world.[10] Orange trees are widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates for
their sweet fruit. The fruit of the orange tree can be eaten fresh, or processed for its juice or fragrant peel.[11] As of
2012, sweet oranges accounted for approximately 70% of citrus production.[12]

In 2019, 79 million tonnes of oranges were grown worldwide, with Brazil producing 22% of the total, followed by
China and India.[13]

Contents
1 Taxonomy and terminology
2 Etymology
3 History
4 Varieties
4.1 Common
4.1.1 Valencia
4.1.2 Hamlin
4.1.3 Other
4.2 Navel
4.2.1 Cara cara
4.2.2 Other
4.3 Blood
4.4 Acidless
4.5 Hybrid
5 Attributes
5.1 Sensory factors
5.2 Nutritional value and phytochemicals
5.3 Grading
6 Cultivation
6.1 Climate
6.2 Propagation
6.3 Harvest
6.4 Degreening
6.5 Storage
6.6 Pests and diseases
6.6.1 Cottony cushion scale
6.6.2 Citrus greening disease
6.6.3 Greasy spot
7 Production
8 Products
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Taxonomy and terminology

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