St.

Francis Parochial School

Talisay, Camarines Norte

Learning Module in Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21 st

Century (Grade 12)
SY 2020-2021

Quarter 2- Topic 8- DEMOCRACY(Week 7)

I. Introduction:

Where is democracy and hoe does it work in a country that is plagued by

massive poverty and both natural and man-made disasters?
This lesson will tackle on democracy. It will present the prevailing democratic
practices in political and social institutions. Abraham Lincoln said” a government by
the people, or of the people, and for the people” which illustrates the benefits of
democratic participation and helps conceptualize viable alternatives.
II. Competency/ies:

 Assess democratic interventions prevailing in political and social institutions

 Formulate a viable alternative to undemocratic practices

III. Specific Objectives:

 Define democratic interventions

 Identify the prevailing democratic interventions to political and social
institutions
 Discuss alternatives to undemocratic practices
 Make a viable alternatives to undemocratic practices

IV. Pre- Assessment: (Note: Please answer the pre-assessment at the

activity sheet)

 Give what is asked for in the following sentences.

1-3. The three branches of government

 Legislation
 executive
 judiciary.
 4-8. Five major social institutions

 Family
 Government
 Economy
 Education
 religion

9-10. Structures of political institutions

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 Democracies
 Monarchies
 Authoritarian
 totalitarian regimes.

V. Lesson Input:

 Democracy – Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking Skills in the 21 st

Century – pages 202 – 211

Democratic intervention

A democratic intervention is a military intervention by external forces with the aim

of assisting democratization of the country where the intervention takes place.
Examples include intervention in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Political Institutions

Political institutions are organizations which create, enforce, and apply laws;
that mediate conflict; make (governmental) policy on the economy and
social systems; and otherwise provide representation for the populous. It is
a set of norms relating to distribution of power and authority concerning the
management and control of society to bring order in life. Examples: Political
parties, trade unions, the legal courts.

Structure of political Institutions

Formal – power and authorities are fixed

  Supreme power distribute some powers to administration at lower
level
 More human activities

Informal –mostly found in primitive societies, rural areas

 No fixed and written rules, power, and authorities

 Popularity and effectiveness of decisions

Main Branches of government:

1. Legislation – makes laws for state(Congress/Senate)

2. Judiciary – it defines law (Supreme Courts)
3. Executive – implementation of the law(President)

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Characteristics of Political Institutions:

 Bureaucracy
 Social Order
 Political Party
 Public Poll
 Political Power
 Welfare of the people
 Bill of Rights – Fundamental human rights and individual liberites in
different social situation
 Constitutions – Fundamental written documents which form a set of
principles by which an organization is governed. It relates to the rights
of the people
 Roles – The acts each person must play to create collectivity. Roles
can be ascribed status (sex, age, tradition caste and race) and
achieved status ( sport athlete, being a manager and being a college
graduate)

Functions of Political Institutions

 To regulate relationship – The custom and tradition are limited to a

certain extent and cannot interpret the formal situations and events
  Welfare works – The state is to provide facilities of education, health,
transportation and communication
 Protection against danders – In the case of foreign aggression the
state is to provide safety to the individuals
 Social Control – To bring control over the individuals through laws is to
punish the violators by the state
 Provision of recreation - In most cases government organizes
recreational activities for instance government arranges art council and
major games like football
 Decisions of conflicts – Courts, jails, and other means are provided by
the state to decide the conflicting situations so this is the esponsibility
of political institution to make law and these laws are to decide the
conflicts

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 Collect revenue – government collects the revenue through taxation to

run its administrative machinery efficiently rest of the money in spent
on public welfare
 Control over the resources – Political institution directly or indirectly
controls all the resources of the state.

What is a Social institution?

 Is a social structures and social mechanisms of social order and

cooperation that govern the behavior of its members
 Is a group of social positions, connected by social relations performing
a social role
 Any institution in a society that works to socialize the group of people
in it.

Five Major Social Institutions

1. Family – is the smallest social institution with the unique function or

producing and rearing the young. It comprises a set of statuses, roles,
norms, and values devoted to achieving important individuals and
social goals. Traditionally, the family performed almost all the
functions necessary to meet all the basic needs of its members
 Characteristics of the Filipino Family

 The family is closely knit and has strong family ties.

 The Filipino family is usually extended one and therefore, big
 In the Filipino family, kinship ties are extended to include the
“compadre” or sponsors
 It serves the person’s need to belong and to receive and give love
 Satisfies the need for care and socialization
 Cornerstone for individuals to function in society
 More than 90% of all people prefer to live within a family unit
2. Education – a social institution through which a society’s children are
taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms.
The value placed on education, the amount of time devoted to it, and
the distribution of education within a country also play a role in those
differences.

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3. Religion – describes the beliefs, values, and practices related to
sacred or spiritual concerns. It is aa social institutions because it
includes beliefs and practices that serve the needs of society. It is also
an example of a cultural universal because it is found in all societies in
one form or another
4. Economics – it organizes the production, distribution, and
consumption of a society’s goods and services. It consists of three
sectors: the primary sector, the secondary sector, and the tertiary
sector. The two major economic systems in modern societies are
capitalism and socialism
5. Government - is an institution entrusted with making and enforcing
the rules of a society as well as with regulating relations with other
societies. A person or group that considers itself the leading body of a
society has no power if the members of the society do not recognize
the person or group as such.

Characteristics of an Institution

 Institutions are purposive

 Relatively permanent in content
 Institutions are structured
 Institutions are a unified structure
  Institutions are necessarily value-laden

Social Institutions operates in five basic areas of life

 In determining kinship(family & Kinship)

 In providing for the legitimate use of power (Polity)
 In regulating the distribution of goods and services (economy)
 In transmitting knowledge from one generation to the next (Education)
 In regulating our relation to the supernatural (Religion)

There are three types of political systems that sociologists consider:

 Authoritarianism – a form of government characterized by the

rejection of political plurality, the use of a strong central power to preserve
the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of
powers, and democratic voting.

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 Monarchy – a government in which the supreme power is lodged in
the hands of a monarch who reigns oever a state or territory, usually for life
and by hereditary right; the monarch maybe either a sole absolute ruler or
a sovereign - such as a king, queen or prince – with constitutionally limited
authority.
 Democracy – a government in which power and civic responsibility
are exercised by all adult citizens, directly, or through their freely elected
representatives. Democracy rests upon the principles of majority rule and
individual rights.
What is undemocratic practice?

An undemocratic practice is a doctrine that is against or disagreement

with democracy. A system, process, or decision that
is undemocratic is one that is controlled or made by one person or a small
number of people, rather than by all the people involved.
Democracy is a political system for choosing and replacing the government
in which everybody should participate.
This means that undemocratic practices include other political systems such
as monarchy, aristocracy, anarchy, etc. Monarchy = Royalty. Anarchy =
No rules for anyone to follow.

What use does it have?

Not all countries follow a democratic system, there are many societies a big
number of countries who still use an anarchic system. Monarchy is also
somewhat common as countries such as England and Spain have decided to
keep using it

Is it Good?

Democracy is a great way of choosing our leaders but it proves to be hard to

make rules that every citizen will follow. Also, in democracy, the majority
wins, but this isn’t always a good thing. The other side will be upset,
creating violence and corruption. Instead, anarchism has no leaders and
monarchy has them by default.

Or is it Bad?

People are educated depending on were they grow, and if you grow up with no one
to follow rules from, you can have problems later on. In the royalty, the younger
brothers of the heir to the throne know that they will have no chances of being king
unless the future king gets killed, so that can create family complications.

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Conclusion
Undemocratic practices may not always be the best option for a number of people,
but they work fine in most places where they are followed. Democratic ones are
hard and take a long period of time in preparation, voting, and choosing. Besides,
who chooses how long a president stays in the power? The people do. That means
only you have the power to decide which political system works best for you. It’s
up to you, but a factor that should be taken in consideration is where you live. You
should consider moving to a place where the political views suit you in a better way
and you are comfortable with the government.
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Name: Nick Lawrence B. libria___ Grade/Section: 12-OMGC_______

Pre - Assessment:

 Give what is asked for in the following sentences.

1-3. The three branches of government

 Legislation
 executive
 judiciary.

4-8. Five major social institutions

 Family
 Government
 Economy
 Education
 religion

9-10. Structures of political institutions

 Democracies
 Monarchies
  Authoritarian
 totalitarian regimes.

VI. Learning Activities:

Learning Activity 1 –
 Based on the lectures upon reading it, how will you assess the
democratic interventions that prevails in

A. Political Institutions

executive, legislative, and judicial.

Democratic institutions are of vital significance for economic development of low-

income countries. Specifically, the more the same elite is in control, the more____

fractured the party structure is; and the larger the number of ruling coalition+____

parties, the less economic growth would be for low-income countries, and the____

more party-centered the election system is.

B. Social Institutions

Social institutions in the rest of the world. In the United States, for______

example, there is a provision of free general schooling, but there is no____

universal insurance program, which is not the case in many wealthier,

democratic nations. Throughout the remainder of this course, we will____

dedicate a great deal of our focus to researching these particular social___

structures
Learning Activity 2-

 Make a viable alternatives to undemocratic practices that we have in

our country.

In a structured structure of an executive, parliamentary, and democratic______

republic, the politics of the Philippines take place, whereby the president is____

both the head of state and the head of government under a multi-party system.

VII. Assessment:

 What have you learned from the topics that we discuss?

,
The social relation is a generic term for relationships__________________

between two or more parties, groups or organizations. ________________

An enormous number of social relationships_________________________

are composed of individual social relationships_______________________

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  Now that you know about democracy, being a student, what can you
say on the democracy in our country the Philippines?

I was born in the Philippines, which has three branches of______

government and is a democratic country as well. It has a_______
separate scheme for choosing the president, though. The______
multiparty structure of the Philippines can be very messy and___
there is a lot to pick from and the policy that the government___
wants to pursue is quite fragmented. Moreover, it takes a longer_
time for a multiparty system that picks a president by common__
voting to come up with a decision. Another factor is that often, in
the form of voting-buying, there is bribery. In the chaos of the__
popular vote, too, In a multiparty system, and with the chaos of a
popular vote, the voices of each independent voter in the_______
Philippines are already being heard and counted. _____________

Prepared by:

Lilian L. Ramos
TNCT- Teacher
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