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Cost Control

The document discusses various factors that affect drilling costs and penetration rates. It outlines that the objective is to drill wells at minimum cost, and faster drilling is typically cheaper. It then provides equations and examples to calculate cost per foot drilled based on factors like bit costs, rig rates, drilling time, and footage drilled. Finally, it analyzes how different drilling parameters like bit type, bit weight, rotary speed, mud properties, and auxiliary practices can impact penetration rates.

Uploaded by

anzafidandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
169 views

Cost Control

The document discusses various factors that affect drilling costs and penetration rates. It outlines that the objective is to drill wells at minimum cost, and faster drilling is typically cheaper. It then provides equations and examples to calculate cost per foot drilled based on factors like bit costs, rig rates, drilling time, and footage drilled. Finally, it analyzes how different drilling parameters like bit type, bit weight, rotary speed, mud properties, and auxiliary practices can impact penetration rates.

Uploaded by

anzafidandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43

COST CONTROL


The object of any drilling operation
is to drill a usable well at minimum
cost

In most drilling operations, faster is
cheaper

Minimize non-drilling operations
Cost Comparisons

Cost per foot when comparing bit
runs, type of bits, downhole
motors, etc.

Total cost or total cost per foot
when comparing different types of
muds, casing programs, etc.
COST PER FOOT

Equation for calculating cost per foot
CB  Cr ( t  T )
CT 
F


Where CT is the cost per foot or
meter
 CB is the cost of the bit

Cr is the hourly cost of the drilling
operations
COST PER FOOT

The hourly cost of the drilling
operations include
 The daywork cost of the drilling rig
 Rental equipment
 Mud logger
 Average mud maintenance cost
 Work boats
 Helicoptors
COST PER FOOT
 Directional drilling cost that reoccur
every day
 Supervision
 Standby personnel
 Logging while drilling
 Anything that is charged by the day
or hour
COST PER FOOT

The hourly rig cost does not include
one time charges or items that are
not time dependent
 Casing
 Cementing
 Wireline open hole logs
 Wellhead equipment
CLASS PROBLEM

Calculate cost per foot for
each

Insert bits 
PDC bit and motor
 Number or bits = 2  Number or bits = 1
 Cost per bit = $7,000  Cost per bit = $25,000
 Cost of rig = $625/hr  Cost of rig = $625/hr
 Rotating hours = 180  Cost of motor = $300/hr
 Total time for two trips = 21  Rotating hours = 130
hrs  Trip time = 12 hrs
 Footage = 4500’  Footage = 4500’
Factors Affecting Penetration
Rate

Bit type and formation hardness

Bit weight and rotary speed

Bottomhole cleaning or
hydraulics

Mud properties

Auxiliary practices
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Bit type will affect penetration rate
 Bit selection will be covered later in
the book

Formation hardness
 Can we do anything about
formation hardness?
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Bit weight will affect penetration rate

Generally, if the bit weight is
increased, penetration rate will
increase if hydraulics are adequate

Equation 5 gives the relationship of
bit weight versus drilling rate
DR  KW d
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

The exponent
“d” is usually
close to 1.0,
which means
that drilling rate
is proportional
to bit weight

Straight line on
graph
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

The slope K is not
a constant

Function of
 Hole size
 Drilling fluid
 Formation
 Bit type
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Laboratory data
showing how
fluid type will
affect
penetration rate
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

PDC bit
performance
 Slope is less
than one
 Drag bits drill
differently than
roller cone bits
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Performance of
PDC bit at
various rpm

Slope increases
as the rpm
increases
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Bit life is a
function of the
bit weight
1
L b
W N

With modern
bits, bit life is
difficult to predict
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Rotary speed
 Generally, as rpm is increased,
penetration rate will increase
DR  N a

 Itis a function of the exponent a


which varies from 0.5 to 1.0 in field
data
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

In soft
formations the
exponent is
closer to one

In harder
formations, the
exponent
decreases
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

In harder formations, it is usually
better to increase bit weight rather
than rotary speed

In soft formations, rotary speed may
be an alternative to bit weight
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Bottom hole cleaning or hydraulics
 Bottom hole cleaning is defined as
cleaning the cuttings from the
bottom of the hole
 It is not concerned with hole
cleaning in the annulus

Penetration rate is a function of bit
weight if bottom hole cleaning is
adequate
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Inadequate
bottom hole
cleaning is
termed
“hydraulic
flounder”
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

“Hydraulic
flounder” can
also occur with
rotary speed
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Bottom hole cleaning is a function of
the hydraulics and is often
measured in hydraulic horsepower
per square inch or HHP/in2

Softer formation require more
hydraulics than harder formations
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

In softer
formations,
hydraulics may
even help the bit
drill faster
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Extended
nozzle bits can
be used to
increase
penetration rate
by using
hydraulics to
erode the
formation
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Extended
nozzle bits can
be used to
increase
penetration rate
by using
hydraulics to
erode the
formation
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

As long as the
formation can
be eroded,
extended nozzle
bits may drill
faster
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Below 8000
feet, there is no
improvement
with extended
nozzle bits
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Extended
nozzles
increased
penetration rate
down to 10,000
feet
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Hydraulics and PDC bits
 Hydraulics may be more important
with PDC bits than with roller cone
bits
 Originally all PDC bits had three
jets similar to roller cone bits
 PDC bits ball up easier and require
jets to clean all the cutters
Factors Affecting Penetration Rate

Hydraulic
threshold for
PDC bits while
drilling with
water based
mud
Mud Properties

Mud weight

Mud type

Solids content

Mud properties
 Viscosity
 Filtration Rate
MUD PROPERTIES

Mud weight
 As mud weight increases,
penetration rate will decrease
 It is due to the increase in over
balance at the bottom of the hole
MUD PROPERTIES

As the amount
of over balance
increases, the
drilling rate
decreases
MUD PROPERTIES

Penetration rate
is less affected
by the over
balance in
harder
formations
MUD PROPERTIES

The mud type makes a difference in
penetration rate
 Air drills fastest
 Water drills faster than mud
 Water is a good drilling fluid but not
a very good hole cleaning fluid
MUD PROPERTIES

As the solids
content
increases, the
penetration rate
decreases
MUD PROPERTIES

The more
reactive the
solids, the
more affect
they have on
penetration
rate
MUD PROPERTIES

Increasing
viscosity
decreases
penetration rate

Viscosity is a
function of the
shear rate
MUD PROPERTIES

As the
filtration rate
decreases,
the
penetration
rate
decreases
MUD PROPERTIES

In general, the more mud you have
in the hole, the slower the well will
drill

After air, water is the best drilling
fluid

Unfortunately, all wells cannot be
drilled with water
Auxiliary Practices

Short trips and wiper trips

Reaming connections

Trip time

Rig selection

Bottomhole assembly
 Stabilizers
 Shock subs
 Jars
 Motors

Casing strings
Summary

Drilling faster minimizes cost

Stay out of trouble

Keep an open mind and don’t be
afraid to try something new

Look at every aspect of the drilling
operation

Honestly evaluate changes in the
drilling program

Keep it as simple as possible

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