Name: Rheysalyn Mae P.

Despi Course/Year/Section: BSA 1-A

Date: September 23, 2021

GECMAT Assignment #3

A. Use inductive reasoning to find a pattern and predict the number or figure in the
list. Then make a reasonable conjecture of the following:

1. 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22, 29?

 The number sequence is following a pattern by adding consecutive
numbers starting from 0 to 7. To get the next number, add 8.
 1+0 = 1
1+1 = 2
2+2 = 4
4+3 = 7
7+4 = 11
11+5 = 16
16+6 = 22
22+7 = 29
 The next number is 29+8 = 37

2. 9, 12, 11, 14, 13, 16, 15, 18?

 The numbers show a pattern of the first number added by 3 to get
the second number and the sum will be subtracted by 1 to get the
third number. The difference will be added by 3 to get the fourth
number and the sum is subtracted by 1 to get the fifth number.
Repeat the pattern to get the next number.
 9+3 = 12
12-1 = 11
11+3 = 14
14-1 = 13
13+3 = 16
16-1 = 15
15+3 = 18
 The next number is 18-1 = 17

3. −2, 3, −4, 5, −6, 7?

 The series of number shows two different patterns. The first pattern
is that the first number was added by -2 to get the third number and
its sum will be added by -2 again to get the fifth number. The
second pattern is that the second number is added by 2 to get the
fourth number and its sum will be added by 2 again to get the sixth
number. To get the next number, add -2.
  -2+(-2) = -4
3+2 = 5
-4+(-2) = -6
5+2 = 7
 The next number is -6+(-2) = -8

4. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26?

 The number sequence has a pattern that the number is added to
consecutive odd integers. The first number added by 3 to get the
second number and its sum is added by 5 to get the next number.
Just follow the pattern to get the next number.
 2+3 = 5
5+5 = 10
10+7 = 17
17+9 = 26
 The next number is 26+11 = 37

5.

 The smile and sad face patterns, as well as the shaded eyes, are
depicted in the figures above. The first three figures are mirror
images of the next three figures. The design resembles a reflection
or a mirror effect. The shaded eyes of three figures are the
reciprocal of the eyes of the next three figures.

 The next emoji will be

B. Find a counterexample to show that each statement is false.

6. The sum of any three odd numbers is even.

 7 + 9 + 11 = 27
27 is not an even number, therefore, the sum of 7, 9, and 11 is a
counterexample to the conjecture.

7. When an even number is added to the product of two odd numbers, the
result will be even.
 4 + (1 × 3) = 7
7 is not an even number, therefore, the result of 4 + (1 × 3) is a
counterexample to the conjecture.

8. When an odd number is squared and divided by 2, the result will be a

whole number.
  72 ÷ 2 = 24.5
24.5 is not a whole number, therefore, the result of 7 2 ÷ 2 is a
counterexample to the conjecture.

C. Use inductive reasoning to make a conjecture about a rule that relates the
number you selected to the final answer. Prove your conjecture by using
deductive reasoning.

Using inductive reasoning to make a conjecture:

9. Pick a number 7 19 35
Double it 14 38 70
Subtract 20 from the answer -6 18 50
Divided by 2 -3 9 25
Subtract the original number -10 -10 -10

Result: The conjecture is that by following the rules, the result is always
equal to -10.
Using deductive reasoning to prove the conjecture:

Let, x be any number x

Double it 2x
Subtract 20 from the answer 2x – 20
2 x−20
Divided by 2 =x−10
2
Subtract the original number (x – 10) – x = -10

Now we know for sure that the result will always be -10, and our
conjecture is proved.

Using inductive reasoning to make a conjecture:

10. Pick a number 7 19 35
Multiply it by 9 63 171 315
Add 21 84 192 336
Divided by 3 28 64 112
Subtract three times the original
7 7 7
number

Result: The conjecture is that by following the rules, the result is always
equal to 7.
 Using deductive reasoning to prove the conjecture:

Let, x be any number x

Multiply it by 9 9x
Add 21 9x + 21
9 x+21
Divided by 3
3
9 x+21
Subtract three times the original −3 x
3
number
(3x + 7) – 3x = 7

Now we know for sure that the result will always be 7, and our conjecture
is proved.

D. Determine whether the following statements are inductive or deductive

reasoning. Write our answer after each statement.

11. Every time you eat peanuts, you start to cough. You are allergic to
peanuts.
 Inductive Reasoning

12. Every chicken we've seen has been brown. All chickens in this area must
be brown.
 Inductive Reasoning

13. All brown dogs in the park today are small dogs. Therefore, all small dogs
must be brown.
 Inductive Reasoning

14. The chair in the living room is red. The chair in the dining room is red. The
chair in the bedroom is red. All the chairs in the house are red.
 Inductive Reasoning

15. Every day so far, the sun has risen in the East and set in the West. The
sun will probably continue to rise in the East and set in the West.
 Deductive Reasoning

16. A consumer products company accepts the premise that professional

women are overloaded with family and work responsibilities and strapped
for time. From this, they can be successful marketing hair coloring product
that can be applied in less time than their competition's hair coloring
product.
 Deductive Reasoning
 17. The first two kids I met at my new school were nice to me. The students at
this school are really nice.
 Inductive Reasoning

18. A supermarket manager believes candy products are an impulse buy. She
decides that she can sell more by placing candy displays close to store
entry paths.
 Deductive Reasoning

19. The first three candies that I ate out of the bag were chocolates. All of the
candy in the bag is chocolate.
 Inductive Reasoning

20. A recruiter conducts a study of recent hires who have achieved success
and stayed on with the organization. She finds that they graduated from
three local colleges, so she decides to focus recruiting efforts on those
school.
 Deductive Reasoning

21. A food products company identifies a trend that shows consumers to favor
organic products. Its marketing department deduces it can boost sales by
increasing the size of the lettering for the word "organic" when redesigning
their packaging.
 Deductive Reasoning

22. A salesperson presents testimonials of current customers to suggest to

prospective clients that her products are high quality and worth the
purchase.
 Deductive Reasoning

23. A bartender becomes aware that customers give her higher tips when she
shares personal information, so she intentionally starts to divulge personal
information when it feels appropriate to do so.
 Deductive Reasoning

24. Cacti are plants and all plants perform photosynthesis; therefore, cacti
perform photosynthesis.
 Deductive Reasoning

25. We had rained each day for the last five days, so it will rain today.
 Inductive Reasoning

E. Solve the following problems using four steps in problem solving of George
Polya. Show complete solution.
1. Yvonne shipped some packages for her boss and can’t find the receipt,
but she needs an itemized list to get reimbursed. Here’s what she
remembers: there were 12 packages total, split between small flat-rate
boxes for Php 5 each and medium flat- rate boxes for Php 10.50 each.
The total cost was about Php 110. How many of each type did she ship?

Step 1. Understand the problem

 According to the information provided, there are 12 packages worth
P110.00, with small flat-rate boxes costing P5.00 each and medium
flat-rate boxes costing P10.50 each. How many of each box are
small flat-rate boxes and medium flat-rate boxes?

Step 2. Device a plan

 The use of listing or tabular method.

Step 3. Carry out the plan

 Given: 12 packages worth P110.00.
 Therefore, there are 9 medium flat-rate boxes for P10.50 each
and 3 small flat-rate boxes for P5.00 each.

Step 4. Look back (check the answer)

No. of Small No. of
No. of
flat-rate Medium flat- Prices cost
Packages
boxes rate boxes
(2×5) + (10×10.50)
12 2 10 = 10 + 105
= 115.00

(3×5) + (9×10.50)
12 3 9 = 15 + 94.50
= 109.50

(4×5) + (8×10.50)
12 4 8 = 20 + 84
= 104.00

(5×5) + (7×10.50)
12 5 7 = 25 + 73.50
= 98.50

(6×5) + (6×10.50)
12 6 6 = 30 + 63
= 93.00
 9 + 3 = 12 packages
= (3×P5.00) + (9×P10.50)
= P15.00 + P94.50
= P109.50 or P110.00

2. The grade in Ma. Elena’s history class will be determined completely by

three tests, each worth 100 points. She scored 78 and 84 on the first two
test, but still hopes to get an Excellent grade, which would require an
average of 92. What’s the minimum score she can get on the third test?

Step 1. Understand the problem

 According to the information provided, Ma. Elena scored 78 and 84
on the first two test. Identify the minimum score she can obtain on
the third test so that she can get the required average of 92.

Step 2. Device a plan

 The use of listing or tabular method.

Step 3. Carry out the plan

 Average = the sum of the numbers over 3
Let, x be the minimum score on the third test
78+ 84+ x
92=
3
 Ma. Elena’s scores on the first two tests are 78 and 84, the test are
100 points each and she is required to have an average of 92.
 Therefore, the minimum score that she could get in the third test is
114.

Step 4. Look back (check the answer)

Sum of n
Required
Score in the test number
average
over 3
78+84+100 = 262 87.33 92

78+84+104 = 266 88.67 92

78+84+108 = 259 86.33 92

78+84+112 = 274 91.33 92

78+84+114 = 276 92.00 92

3. You are going to enclose a rectangular garden by using an existing fence
along one side of the garden and 2,240 feet of new fence on the other
three sides. You want the length of the rectangular garden to be five times
as long as its width. What will be the dimensions of the rectangular
garden?

Step 1. Understand the problem

 According to the information provided, I am going to enclose a
rectangular garden by using an existing fence along one side of the
garden and 2240 feet of new fence on the other three sides. Also,
its length should be five times as long as its width. What will be its
dimension?

Step 2. Device a plan

 The use of formula.

Step 3. Carry out the plan

 Given: l = 5w

 Case A: If the existing fence is along the width, w. Then the other
three sides are equal to 2240 ft.

Let, l + w + l = 2240
5w + w + 5w = 2240
11w = 2240
11 11
w = 203.6
Then, l = 5w
= 5 (203.64)
l = 1018.2

Dimension: l × w
: 1018.2 × 203.6

 Case B: If the existing fence is along the length, l. Then the other
three sides are equal to 2240 ft.

Let, w + l + w = 2240
w + 5w + w = 2240
7w = 2240
7 7
w = 320
 Then, l = 5w
= 5 (320)
l = 1600

Dimension: l × w
: 1600 × 320

Step 4. Look back (check the answer)

 Case A:
L = 1018.2 ft.

Existing fence W = 203.6 ft.

L = 1018.2 ft.

Formula: 2,240 ÷ 11 = 203.6 × 5 = 1018.2

 Case B:

Existing fence

W = 320 ft. W = 320 ft.

L = 1600 ft.

Formula: 2,240 ÷ 7 = 320 × 5 = 1600