Assignment 3 GECMAT

A. Use inductive reasoning to find a pattern and predict the number or figure in
the list. Then make a reasonable conjecture of the following:
1) 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22, 29?
 The next numbers are equal to the sum of its previous number and the position
of previous number in the given series.
 nth number = (n-1)th number + n-1
 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22, 29, 37, 46, 56

2) 9, 12, 11, 14, 13, 16, 15, 18?

 The given numbers are a simple alternating addition and subtraction
series. First, 3 is added, then 1 is subtracted, then 3 is added, 1
subtracted, and so on.
 9, 12, 11, 14, 13, 16, 15, 18, 17, 20, 19

3) −2, 3, −4, 5, −6, 7?

 The given numbers are a simple alternating series between negative
and positive. Starting from negative 2, the next number is going to be
positive 3 and so on.
 −2, 3, −4, 5, −6, 7, -8, 9, -10

4) 2, 5, 10, 17, 26?

 The numbers are equal to the sum of a prime number corresponding
to its position, and its previous number.

5)

 There are two elements that needs to be considered, the eye color and
the shape of the mouth. Staring from the first face, the eyes will be
blue right, blue left, no color, both colored, and back to blue right.
and the mouth would be happy, sad, happy, happy, sad face. So, the
next figure in the pattern would be a happy face with a blue left eye
-

B. Find a counterexample to show that each statement is false.

6) The sum of any three odd numbers is even.
- 1+3+5=9
7) An even number is added to the product of two odd numbers, the result will be
even.
- 2 + (3*3) = 11
8) When an odd number is squared and divided by 2, the result will be a
whole number.
- (32)/2 = 4.5
C. Use inductive reasoning to make a conjecture about a rule that relates the
number you selected to the final answer. Prove your conjecture by using
deductive reasoning.
Pick a Number: 5 4
Double it: 5 * 2 = 10 4*2=8
Subtract 20 from 10 - 20 = -10 8 -20 = -12
the answer:
Divide by 2: -10/2 = -5 -12/2 = -6
Subtract the (-5) – 5 = -10 (-6) - 4 = -10
original number:
Result: -10 -10
o Following the rules, the result will always be – 10.

- Using Deductive reasoning to prove the conjecture

Pick a Number: n
Double it: 2n
Subtract 20 from the 2n - 20
answer:
Divide by 2: 2n−20
= n - 10
2
Subtract the original (n - 10)- n = -10
number:
- Now we know that the result will always be 10, and the conjecture is
proven.

9)
Pick a Number: 3 2
Multiply it by 9: 3 * 9 = 27 2 * 9 = 18
Add 21: 27 + 21 = 48 18 + 21 = 39
Divide by 3: 48/3 = 16 39/3 = 13
Subtract three 16 – (3 * 3) = 7 13 – (2 * 3) = 7
times the
original number:
Result: 7 7
- Following the rules, the result will always be 7.

Pick a Number: n
Multiply it by 9: 9n
Add 21: 9n +21
Divide by 3: 9 n+21
= 3n + 7
3
Subtract three times the (3n + 7) – 3n = 7
original number:
Result: 7
- Now we know that the result will always be 7, and the conjecture is proven
D. Determine whether the following statements are inductive or deductive reasoning. Write
our answer after each statement.

10) Every time you eat peanuts, you start to cough. You are allergic to peanuts. Inductive
11) Every chicken we've seen has been brown. All chickens in this area must be brown.
Inductive
12) All brown dogs in the park today are small dogs. Therefore, all small dogs must be
brown. Deductive
13) The chair in the living room is red. The chair in the dining room is red. The chair in the
bedroom is red. All the chairs in the house are red. Inductive
14) Every day so far, the sun has risen in the East and set in the West. The sun will probably
continue to rise in the East and set in the West. Inductive
15) A consumer products company accepts the premise that professional women are
overloaded with family and work responsibilities and strapped for time. From this, they
can be successful marketing hair coloring product that can be applied in less time than
their competition's hair coloring product. Deductive
16) The first two kids I met at my new school were nice to me. The students at this school
are nice. Inductive
17) A supermarket manager believes candy products are an impulse buy. She decides that
she can sell more by placing candy displays close to store entry paths. Deductive
18) The first three candies that I ate out of the bag were chocolates. All the candy in the
bag is chocolate. Inductive
19) A recruiter conducts a study of recent hires who have achieved success and stayed on
with the organization. She finds that they graduated from three local colleges, so she
decides to focus recruiting efforts on those school. Inductive
20) A food products company identifies a trend that shows consumers to favor organic
products. Its marketing department deduces it can boost sales by increasing the size of
the lettering for the word "organic" when redesigning their packaging. Inductive
22. A salesperson presents testimonials of current customers to suggest to prospective
clients that her products are high quality and worth the purchase. Inductive
23. A bartender becomes aware that customers give her higher tips when she shares
personal information, so she intentionally starts to divulge personal information when
it feels appropriate to do so. Inductive
24. Cacti are plants and all plants perform photosynthesis; therefore, cacti perform
photosynthesis. Deductive
25. We had rained each day for the last five days, so it will rain today. Inductive
 E. Solve the following problems using four steps in problem solving of George Polya. Show
complete solution.

1. Yvonne shipped some packages for her boss and can’t find the receipt, but she needs an
itemized list to get reimbursed. Here’s what she remembers: there were 12 packages
total, split between small flat-rate boxes for Php 5 each and medium flat- rate boxes for
Php 10.50 each. The total cost was about Php 110. How many of each type did she ship?

Step 1: Understand the Problem

- There are two types of packages, a small flat-rate boxes costing Php 5 each and a
medium flat- rate boxes costing Php 10.5 each, there are 12 packages in total and
the total cost was about Php 110. Find how many of each type did she ship.

Step 2: Devise a Plan

- Listing or tabular method

Step 3: Carry out the Plan

- Given: 12 packages, costing 110 all in all

Therefore, there are 3 small flat rate boxes and 9 medium flat rate boxes

Step 4: Look Back (Check the answer)

Total No. of package No. of small flat rate No. of medium flat rate Total cost
12 5 7 (5 *5) + (7*10.50) =

25 + 73.5 = 98.5
12 4 8 (5*4) + (8*10.5) =

20 + 84 = 76
12 3 9 (5*3) + (9*10.5) =

15 + 94.5 = 109.5
3 + 9 = 12 packages

(5*3) + (9*10.5) = 15 + 94.5 = Php 109.5

 2. The grade in M a. Elena’s history class will be determined completely by three tests, each
worth 100 points. She scored 78 and 84 on the first two test, but still hopes to get an
Excellent grade, which would require an average of 92. What’s the minimum score she
can get on the third test?

Step 1: Understand the Problem

- The given information is that Ma. Elena’s scores in her first and second tests are 78
and 84 respectively. Find what is the minimal score needs for her third test to have
an average of 92.

Step 2: Devise a Plan

- Listing or tabular method

Step 3: Carry out the Plan

- Given: 1st test: 78

2nd test: 84
Average = sum of n numbers over n
Let x be the minimum score in the third test

78+ 84+ x
92=
3

Therefore, the minimum score that could make her average the nearest to 92
would be 100.

Step 4: Look Back (Check the answer)

W L Third test Total cost

78 84 95 78 + 84 + 95 = 257

257/3 = 85.67
78 84 96 78 + 84 + 96 = 258

258/3 = 86
78 84 97 78 + 84 + 97 = 259

259/3 = 86.3
78 84 98 78 + 84 + 98 = 260

263/3 = 86.67
78 84 99 78 + 84 + 99 = 261

261/3 = 87
78 84 100 78 + 84 + 100 = 262

262/3 = 87.33
3. You are going to enclose a rectangular garden by using an existing fence along one side
of the garden and 2,240 feet of new fence on the other three sides. You want the length
of the rectangular garden to be five times as long as its width. Find the dimensions of the
rectangular garden.

Step 1: Understand the Problem

- The 3 sides are equal to 2240 feet, and the remaining side is along an existing
fence. The length is five times longer than the width. Find the dimensions of
the rectangular garden?
-
Step 2: Devise a Plan
- Writing an equation and draw a diagram

Step 3: Carry out the Plan

- Given: side + side + side = 2240, length is 5 times width

- Formula for perimeter would be P = 2(L + W)
P = 2(L + W)
P = 2L + 2W
2240 = 2L + W
2W + 2L = 2L + 2W
2240 + L = 2L + 2W
- Let x be the width
2240 + 5x = 2(5x) + 2x
2240 = 5x + 2x
2240 = 7x
2240/7 = 7x/7
320 = x

Width = 320
Length = 320 * 5 = 1600

Dimension of garden= 1600 ft. by 320 ft

Step 4: Look Back (Check the answer)

The length side must be 5 times longer

than the width, and the 2 width sides
plus one length must be equal to 2240.
Therefore, the width must be 320 ft. and
the length are 1600 ft.

Width = 320 ft
Length = 320 * 5 = 1600 ft
New fence = (320 * 2) + 1600 = 2240 ft.