ARELLANO UNIVE R S I T Y – Jose Rizal Campus

SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Gov. Pascual Ave. Malabon City, Metro Manila

ECOTOURISM MGT

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Sherine Pelaez

General Instructions: Explain the following in 150 words and give

examples to support your answer.

1. An area dedicated primarily to the protection and enjoyment of natural

or cultural heritage, to maintenance of biodiversity, and /or maintenance
of ecological life-support services. (5 POINTS)

 A protected area is a clearly defined geographical space,

recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective
means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with
associated ecosystem services and cultural values.
Protected areas provide for life's essentials. They protect natural
resources that are critical to many people on earth. Within these
areas, genetic diversity is permitted to evolve in response to
natural selection pressures. These genetic resources are a source
of many new products. Protected areas help to mitigate extreme
weather events, enhance carbon storage, and provide space for
plants and animals to adapt to a changing climate. To maintain
functioning ecosystems and the benefits they provide. Protected
areas provide clean air and water, healthy soils, wild foods and
medicines.

2. Education and interpretation have to be the foundation and this should

aim to include the local community and both domestic and international
travelers. (5 POINTS)

 As a fundamental frame of reference for responsible and

sustainable tourism, the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET)
is a comprehensive set of principles designed to guide key-players
in tourism development. Addressed to governments, the travel
industry, communities and tourists alike, it aims to help maximize
the sector’s benefits while minimizing its potentially negative
impact on the environment, cultural heritage and societies across
the globe.
Interpretation is a communications process that reveals meanings
and relationships about natural, cultural, historical, and
recreational resources. Interpretation and environmental education
work hand-in-hand to help make connections between the world of
science and the public. Through the art of interpretation, students
will learn how to help people make connections with the natural
world and science through educational programs and materials.
 Natural history is the description of nature and differs from ecology
in placing less emphasis on quantification and more on careful
observation. The overarching goal is to elucidate patterns and
relationships in the natural world and assimilate this information
into human affairs. It uses traditional and modern tools, often with
an aesthetic component to differentiate the natural world, and
focuses on identification, life history, distribution, abundance and
interrelationships among and between individuals, populations
and species

3. Governments and non-governmental organizations around the world are

developing and promoting ecotourism in protected areas to benefit local
communities and to help preserve the environment and different
ecosystems. (5 POINTS)

 Ecotourism is a sub-component of the field of sustainable tourism.

Ecotourism’s perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable
development is the main reason why developing countries are now
embracing it and including it in their economic development and
conservation strategies. Ecotourism, as an alternative tourism,
involves visiting natural areas in order to learn, to study, or to
carry out activities environmentally friendly, that is, a tourism
based on the nature experience, which enables the economic and
social development of local communities. It focuses primarily on
experiencing and learning about nature, its landscape, flora, fauna
and their habitats, as well as cultural artifacts from the locality. A
symbiotic and complex relationship between the environment and
tourist activities is possible when this philosophy can be translated
into appropriate policy, careful planning and tactful practicum.
Carefully planned and operated ecotourism sites, especially if it is
village-based and includes local participation, is able to provide
direct benefits that might offset pressure from other less
sustainable activities that make use of natural and cultural
resources. Eco tourism, natural resources, cultural heritage, rural
lifestyle and an integrated tourism is a type of local economic
activities.

4. Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be considered by

understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the positive and
negative environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism. (5
POINTS)

 Ecotourism helps in community development by providing the

alternate source of livelihood to local community which is more
 sustainable. Its aim is to conserve resources, especially biological
diversity, and maintain sustainable use of resources, which an
bring ecological experience to travelers, conserve the ecological
environment and gain economic benefit. However, achieving the
aims in ecotourism depends on whether they are environmentally
and ecologically sustainable and economically applicable.
Ecotourism helps in involving local community for the
conservation of the ecology and biodiversity of the area that
biodiversity in return provides the economic incentives to the local
community. Eco-tourism contributes to conservation of
biodiversity; sustains the well-being of local people; involves
responsible action on the part of tourist and the tourism industry;
promotes small and medium tourism enterprises; requires lowest
possible consumption of natural resources; stresses local
participation, ownership, and business opportunities, particularly
for rural people; and above all includes the learning experiences.

5. Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique

environments. (5 POINTS)

 Ecotourism is a sub-component of the field of sustainable tourism.

Ecotourism’s perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable
development is the main reason why developing countries are now
embracing it and including it in their economic development and
conservation strategies. Ecotourism, as an alternative tourism,
involves visiting natural areas in order to learn, to study, or to
carry out activities environmentally friendly, that is, a tourism
based on the nature experience, which enables the economic and
social development of local communities. It focuses primarily on
experiencing and learning about nature, its landscape, flora, fauna
and their habitats, as well as cultural artifacts from the locality. A
symbiotic and complex relationship between the environment and
tourist activities is possible when this philosophy can be translated
into appropriate policy, careful planning and tactful practicum.
Carefully planned and operated ecotourism sites, especially if it is
village-based and includes local participation, is able to provide
direct benefits that might offset pressure from other less
sustainable activities that make use of natural and cultural
resources. Eco tourism, natural resources, cultural heritage, rural
lifestyle and an integrated tourism is a type of local economic
activities.
6. People from different cultures and societies meet and especially when
tourism development takes place it become more noticeable. (5 POINTS)

 The advances made in transportation that have enabled global

mobility are particularly significant. Modern aircraft, cruise ships,
trains, and other modes of transport allow people to move quickly
and relatively cheaply. Aircraft such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner
have opened new routes by creating an aircraft capable of flying
“long haul” distances with a smaller passenger load. Fast trains,
road systems, and even city bike rental programs enable people to
move, tour, and explore the world. These changes have allowed
more people to travel more often in less time. Ease of travel has
also helped to overcome the barriers of fear, frustration, and
expense. For example, an international banking system allows
access to money almost anywhere in the world. Multinational
corporations, which provide flights, local transportation, and
accommodation and food, have allowed for “one-stop shopping” for
travel bookings. Mobile devices have also changed the nature of
travel in terms of what travelers do and how they interact with a
destination, making it easier to, for example, select a restaurant,
navigate a big city, or translate a foreign language. As a result,
there are fewer unexplored places in the world anymore.

7. The management of all resources in such a way that economic, social

and aesthetical needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural
integrity, essential economical processes, biological diversity and life
support system. (10 POINTS)

 Sustainable tourism in its purest sense, is an industry which

attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local
culture, while helping to generate income, employment, and the
conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism that is
both ecologically and culturally sensitive.
Thus, Sustainable tourism activities have minimal impact on the
environment and culture of the host community. According to the
World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is tourism that
leads to the management of all resources in such a way that
economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while
maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes,
biological diversity and life support systems. Taking a leaf from the
definition of sustainability itself, sustainable tourism is also
defined as a process which meets the needs of the present tourists
and host communities whilst protecting and enhancing needs in
the future. Sustainable Tourism refers to a level of tourism activity
that can be maintained over the long term because it results in a
 net benefit for the social, economic, natural and cultural
environments of the area in which it takes place.

8. Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that

focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which
is ethically managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally
oriented. (10 POINTS)

 Eco Sustainable Tourism refers to sustainable practices in and by

the tourism industry, it is an aspiration for the impacts of all forms
of tourism – all forms of tourism should be sustainable.
Sustainable tourism is “Tourism that takes full account of its
current and future economic, social and environmental impacts,
addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and
host communities
Arian Cagayan

- Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods with the goal of providing climate-

smart business opportunities while reducing illegal activities which are
environmentally destructive. We have unique experience with such
partnerships in national parks and protected areas, linking our work to
addressing climate change, human-wildlife conflict, habitat destruction and the
bush meat trade.

As part of our new strategy, all our entrepreneurs will be supported to operate
‘climate-smart’ businesses that can withstand shocks and do not degrade their
local environment.

As a fundamental frame of reference for responsible and sustainable tourism,

the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET) is a comprehensive set of
principles designed to guide key-players in tourism development. Addressed to
governments, the travel industry, communities and tourists alike, it aims to
help maximize the sector’s benefits while minimizing its potentially negative
impact on the environment, cultural heritage and societies across the globe.

Under the guise of protecting nature, they collect donations and file frivolous
lawsuits at taxpayer expense to eliminate the utilization of natural resources
through grazing, logging, and mining on federal and state lands. Not only does
this undermine true conservation and scientifically sound, balanced resource
management, it decimates private property rights and devastates vital, long-
established, sustainable industries upon which rural economies are based. It is
highly important to be aware of these groups and their tactics as they work to
line their pockets and gut our rural communities. Read about such groups'
actions impacting the Hammond family.
Ecotourism is a sub-component of the field of sustainable tourism.
Ecotourism’s perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable
development is the main reason why developing countries are now embracing it
and including it in their economic development and conservation strategies.
Ecotourism, as an alternative tourism, involves visiting natural areas in order
to learn, to study, or to carry out activities environmentally friendly, that is, a
tourism based on the nature experience, which enables the economic and
social development of local communities. It focuses primarily on experiencing
and learning about nature, its landscape, flora, fauna and their habitats, as
well as cultural artifacts from the locality. A symbiotic and complex
relationship between the environment and tourist activities is possible when
this philosophy can be translated into appropriate policy, careful planning and
tactful practicum. Carefully planned and operated ecotourism sites, especially
if it is village-based and includes local participation, is able to provide direct
benefits that might offset pressure from other less sustainable activities that
make use of natural and cultural resources. Eco tourism, natural resources,
cultural heritage, rural lifestyle and an integrated tourism is a type of local
economic activities. Therefore, ecotourism in naturel and culturel areas was
carried out with a number of elements in their natural landscape and cultural
landscape (water, vista, topography, vegetation, clean air), as well as in the
variety of recreational activities suitable for all kinds of environments.
Therefore, ecotourism and its natural assets and raw materials to create, as
well as directing people to travel is an attractive force.

- Most tourism in natural areas today does not fall under the category of
ecotourism and is not, therefore, sustainable. Ecotourism is set apart by its
emphasis on conservation, education, traveler responsibility and active
community participation.

With the many advances in transportation and information technology, even

the most remote places on our earth are within reach of the traveler. In fact,
tourism is now the world’s largest industry, with nature tourism representing
the fastest growing segment. People express a desire to experience nature and
the world, but should make every attempt to do so in a way that does not
negatively impact the natural environment.

The World Conservation Union defines ecotourism as, “Environmentally

responsible travel to natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature
(and accompanying cultural features, both past and present) that promote
conservation, have a low visitor impact and provide for beneficially active socio-
economic involvement of local peoples.”
Most tourism in natural areas today does not fall under the category of
ecotourism and is not, therefore, sustainable. Ecotourism is set apart by its
emphasis on conservation, education, traveler responsibility and active
community participation.

With the many advances in transportation and information technology, even

the most remote places on our earth are within reach of the traveler. In fact,
tourism is now the world’s largest industry, with nature tourism representing
the fastest growing segment. People express a desire to experience nature and
the world, but should make every attempt to do so in a way that does not
negatively impact the natural environment.

The World Conservation Union defines ecotourism as, “Environmentally

responsible travel to natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature
(and accompanying cultural features, both past and present) that promote
conservation, have a low visitor impact and provide for beneficially active socio-
economic involvement of local peoples.”

Tourism, increasingly seen as an important economic activity, has become a

significant engine of overall development in many destinations. It generates
10% of employment around the world and accounts for 10.4% of global GDP
Promoting tourism can attract regional investment, create commercial
opportunities, and support other industries within a destination area. For
example, tourism can upgrade local life through better local infrastructure and
common devices (for the sake of sustaining tourism) that can ameliorate health
care, education resources, job opportunities, and income levels [5]. Tourism
can help propel poverty reduction in the least developed countries since even
unskilled laborers in remote areas can find jobs in this diverse and labor-
intensive industry. Additionally, in developing countries tourism development
creates benefits for the social culture of host communities. The sociocultural
value of tourism may include a great sense of community identity, a heightened
sense of linking with local environments, and increased social capital following
an increase in tourists. For example, in Indonesia, the existence of a tourism
destination improved the attitudes of local residents toward accepting
differences, improved their understanding of other people’s habits, and allowed
them to live healthier lives

The management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetical needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
economical processes, biological diversity and life support system
- is an industry which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and
local culture, while helping to generate income, employment, and the
conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism that is both
ecologically and culturally sensitive.

Thus, Sustainable tourism activities have minimal impact on the environment

and culture of the host community.

According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is tourism

that leads to the management of all resources in such a way that economic,
social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,
essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems.
Taking a leaf from the definition of sustainability itself, sustainable tourism is
also defined as a process which meets the needs of the present tourists and
host communities whilst protecting and enhancing needs in the future

Taking a leaf from the definition of sustainability itself, sustainable tourism is

also defined as a process which meets the needs of the present tourists and
host communities whilst protecting and enhancing needs in the future

Made to blend-in with the natural environment, food is sourced locally and
waste is usually managed on-site. The numbers of tourists allowed are low to
ensure minimal disturbance to the environment, but this increases the cost of
trips for visitors.

The main concept of ecotourism is sustainability to enable future generations

to experience places which have been relatively untouched by humans.

Ecotourism is quickly becoming an important industry for many developing

countries to bring in foreign income while at the same time, preserving some of
their most fragile environments.

This can be achieved by some countries preserving their rainforests, as eco

tourists pay to see a country's natural beauty, not the destruction caused by
the exploitation of natural resources.

-Nature tourism, also called nature-based tourism, is tourism based on the

natural attractions of an area. It consists of responsible travel to experience
natural areas and their landscape, flora and fauna, protecting the environment
and improving the quality of life of locals.

Ecotourism, often referred to as sustainable tourism, can be considered as a

specialism within nature tourism. Its focus is on learning about the
environment, minimizing negative impacts and contributing to environmental
protection. Ecotourism is defined as ‘Responsible travel to natural areas that
conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and
involves interpretation and education’ of all parties involved, according to the
International Ecotourism industry and the Global Ecotourism. The main
attractions in the ecotourism market are marine, national parks and other
parks with a protected status, biodiversity, local cultures and traditional
protectors of natural environments.

Nature and ecotourism attract people interested in a variety of natural and

cultural resources, including being immersed in a rich, natural, cultural or
historical experience.
Divina Menterola

1. 1. Today protected areas are formally indicated as “land and/or sea areas
specifically dedicated to the protection and preservation of biological
diversity and related natural and cultural resources.”
According to the classification by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the greatest world organization for the
preservation of natural areas, six different general types of protected
areas have been devised which reflect different degrees of exposure to
human disturbance. In these areas all species and resources are
meticulously protected. The goal is to prevent any possible human
interference, banning activities of all sorts. The purpose of these areas,
infact, is to preserve completely biodiversity living within them,
guaranteeing total isolation from industrial and anthropized areas. These
areas constitute open air ecological laboratories, where the only activity
allowed, when holding specific authorization, is indeed scientific study of
natural processes. These areas have a similar purpose to integral nature
reserves. The difference lies in the fact that initiatives regarding
maintenance of natural environment are tolerated, as some silvicultural
practices, management of problematic species, and a few others. In this
type of reserves, moreover, some low-impact activities for the
environment can also be authorized. This definition indicates very wide
areas where the balance between the use and the lack of use of resources
is in favour of the first. In other words, the principle of controlled use of
nature is favoured rather than strict protection. In there areas, therefore,
there is important biodiversity but at the same time, where possible,
sustainable extraction of raw materials is allowed, both of biological and
abiological origin, under the condition that these activities are
undertaken respecting the process of the time and manner of their
natural renewal.

2. Many countries have halted some or all international travel since the
onset of the COVID-19 pandemic but now have plans to re-open travel.
This document outlines key considerations for national health
authorities when considering or implementing the gradual return to
international travel operations. The decision-making process should be
 multisectoral and ensure coordination of the measures implemented by
national and international transport authorities and other relevant
sectors and be aligned with the overall national strategies for adjusting
public health and social measures. The gradual lifting of travel measures
(or temporary restrictions) should be based on a thorough risk
assessment, taking into account country context, the local epidemiology
and transmission patterns, the national health and social measures to
control the outbreak, and the capacities of health systems in both
departure and destination countries, including at points of entry. Any
subsequent measure must be proportionate to public health risks and
should be adjusted based on a risk assessment, conducted regularly and
systematically as the COVID-19 situation evolves and communicated
regularly to the public.

3. Eco-tourism has emerged as one of the most important sectors of the

international tourism industry. The United Nations, recognizing eco-
tourism’s potential role in sustainable development, has declared 2002
the “International Year of Eco-tourism.” At its best, eco-tourism is
responsible travel to natural areas that safeguards the integrity of the
ecosystem and produces economic benefits for local communities that
can encourage conservation. At the nexus of population and the
environment, eco-tourism is a creative way of marrying the goals of
ecological conservation and economic development. Unfortunately, while
some eco-tourism projects succeed in promoting both of these causes,
others are less successful. Environmental deterioration and inequitable
development may in some cases actually be exacerbated by eco-tourism.
To ensure that eco-tourism fulfills its promise, policymakers, promoters,
and participants should make sure that all tourism activities have
minimal environmental impact, that such development is welcomed by
local communities, and that it promotes stable and equitable economic
development. This fact sheet is designed to offer more insight into eco-
tourism’s potential upside and downside as a development scheme.

4. Ecotourism helps in environmental protection, wildlife conservation,

poverty alleviation and socio-economic development. It affects
environmental, social and economic components of the community and
the whole country. It has different forms which are named according to
the preference of the country. Developed as well as developing countries ,
such as Nepal, are promoting ecotourism for sustainable development of
the nation. Different methodologies are applied throughout the world by
different researchers for assessing ecotourism. This chapter focuses on
review of ecotourism researches throughout the world. It has both
positive and negative impacts on environmental, social and economic
aspects of the country. Due to the high rate of beneficial impacts, it is
 helping in the overall development of the community, country and the
whole world. There is need of cooperation among different stakeholders,
training of ecotourism to tourism entrepreneurs and appropriate
management policy for sustainable implementation of ecotourism
projects.

5. Ecotourism is a sub-component of the field of sustainable tourism.

Ecotourism’s perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable
development is the main reason why developing countries are now
embracing it and including it in their economic development and
conservation strategies. Ecotourism, as an alternative tourism, involves
visiting natural areas in order to learn, to study, or to carry out activities
environmentally friendly, that is, a tourism based on the nature
experience, which enables the economic and social development of local
communities. It focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about
nature, its landscape, flora, fauna and their habitats, as well as cultural
artifacts from the locality. A symbiotic and complex relationship between
the environment and tourist activities is possible when this philosophy
can be translated into appropriate policy, careful planning and tactful
practicum. Carefully planned and operated ecotourism sites, especially if
it is village-based and includes local participation, is able to provide
direct benefits that might offset pressure from other less sustainable
activities that make use of natural and cultural resources. Eco tourism,
natural resources, cultural heritage, rural lifestyle and an integrated
tourism is a type of local economic activities.

6. Cultural tourism is big business. Some people seek to embark on their

travels with the sole intention of having a ‘cultural’ experience, whereas
others may experience culture as a byproduct of their trip. We can argue
that there is some form of cultural tourism in most holidays (even when
taking an all-inclusive holiday you might try to local beer, for example).
But what do we mean by the term ‘cultural tourism’? What’s it all about?
In this post I will explain what is meant by the term cultural tourism,
providing a range of academic definitions. Some people seek to embark
on their travels with the sole intention of having a ‘cultural’ experience,
whereas others may experience culture as a byproduct of their trip. We
can argue that there is some form of cultural tourism in most holidays
(even when taking an all-inclusive holiday you might try to local beer, for
example). But what do we mean by the term ‘cultural tourism’? What’s it
all about? In this post I will explain what is meant by the term cultural
tourism, providing a range of academic definitions. I will also explain
what the different types of cultural tourists are, give examples of cultural
tourism activities and discuss the impacts of cultural tourism. Lastly, I
 will provide a brief summary of some popular cultural tourism
destinations. Cultural tourism is the act of travellers visiting particular
destinations in order to experience and learn about a particular culture.
This can include many activities such as; attending events and festivals,
visiting museums and tasting the local food and drinks. Cultural tourism
can also be an unintentional part of the tourism experience, whereby
cultural immersion (with the local people, their language, customs,
cuisine etc) is an inevitable part of a person’s holiday.
7. Sustainable tourism in its purest sense, is an industry which attempts to
make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping
to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local
ecosystems. It is responsible tourism that is both ecologically and
culturally sensitive.
Thus, Sustainable tourism activities have minimal impact on the
environment and culture of the host community. According to the World
Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is tourism that leads to the
management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,
essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support
systems. Taking a leaf from the definition of sustainability itself,
sustainable tourism is also defined as a process which meets the needs
of the present tourists and host communities whilst protecting and
enhancing needs in the future. Sustainable Tourism refers to a level of
tourism activity that can be maintained over the long term because it
results in a net benefit for the social, economic, natural and cultural
environments of the area in which it takes place.

8. Ecotourism is a niche segment of tourism in natural areas. The term

emerged in the late 1980s, with the raising importance of ecotourism.
According to Fennell, “Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural
resource-based tourism that focuses primarily on experiencing and
learning about nature, and which is ethically managed to be low-impact,
non-consumptive, and locally-oriented (control, benefits, and scale). It
typically occurs in natural areas, and should contribute to the
conservation or preservation of such areas” (Fennell, 1999: 43.
Ecotourism: An Introduction). The Mohonk Agreement (2000), a proposal
for international certification of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism,
saw ecotourism as “sustainable tourism with a natural area focus, which
benefits the environment and communities visited, and fosters
environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation, and
awareness.” According to the UNWTO’s definition, “ecotourism refers to
forms of tourism All nature-based forms of tourism in which the main
motivation of the tourists is the observation and appreciation of nature
as well as the traditional cultures prevailing in natural areas; It contains
educational and interpretation features; It is generally, but not
exclusively organised by specialised tour operators for small groups.
Service provider partners at the destinations tend to be small, locally
owned businesses; It minimises negative impacts upon the natural and
socio-cultural environment; It supports the maintenance of natural areas
which are used as ecotourism attractions by: Generating economic
benefits for host communities, organisations and authorities managing
natural areas with conservation purposes; Providing alternative
employment and income opportunities for local communities; Increasing
awareness towards the conservation of natural and cultural assets, both
among locals and tourists.” These characteristics are sometimes referred
to as principles of ecotourism.
Arabelle Lucero

1. An area dedicated primarily to the protection and enjoyment of natural or

cultural heritage, to maintenance of biodiversity, and /or maintenance of ecological
life-support services. (5 POINTS)

- The World Heritage Convention The most significant feature of the 1972 World
Heritage Convention is that it links together in a single document the concepts of
nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties. The Convention
recognizes the way in which people interact with nature, and the fundamental need to
preserve the balance between the two.The Convention sets out the duties of States
Parties in identifying potential sites and their role in protecting and preserving them.
By signing the Convention, each country pledges to conserve not only the World
Heritage sites situated on its territory, but also to protect its national heritage. The
States Parties are encouraged to integrate the protection of the cultural and natural
heritage into regional planning programmes, set up staff and services at their sites,
undertake scientific and technical conservation research and adopt measures which
give this heritage a function in the day-to-day life of the community.

2. Education and interpretation have to be the foundation and this should aim to
include the local community and both domestic and international travelers. (5
POINTS)

- Interpretation is a communications process that reveals meanings and

relationships about natural, cultural, historical, and recreational resources.
Interpretation and environmental education work hand-in-hand to help make
connections between the world of science and the public. Through the art of
interpretation, students will learn how to help people make connections with the
natural world and science through educational programs and materials. Natural
history is the description of nature and differs from ecology in placing less emphasis
on quantification and more on careful observation. The overarching goal is to elucidate
patterns and relationships in the natural world and assimilate this information into
human affairs. It uses traditional and modern tools, often with an aesthetic
component to differentiate the natural world, and focuses on identification, life history,
distribution, abundance and interrelationships among and between individuals,
populations and species

3. Governments and non-governmental organizations around the world are

developing and promoting ecotourism in protected areas to benefit local communities
and to help preserve the environment and different ecosystems. (5 POINTS)

- NGOs have emerged in the last decade as one of the principal advocates and
implementers of ecotourism practices. Tourism and conservation NGOs can be
organizations that have diverse memberships composed of community adherents, the
tourism industry, conservationists, social activists, and so on; or they may be
specialized groups of stakeholders, for example environmentalists or consumer
advocates. NGOs can also be non-membership associations, such as the Pacific Asia
Tourism Association (PATA). Many NGOs are moving forward with the general concept
of sustainability, but also developing projects of their own, experimenting with
different approaches to achieving their sustainability and conservation
goals.Conservation is the primary mandate of several international environmental
NGOs such as the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the Wildlife Conservation
Society (WCS), as well as a multitude of national and local NGOs. Many of these
organizations have embraced ecotourism as a form of development that is
complementary to the goals of their conservation efforts. This is due in part to
ecotourism’s relatively modest negative impact on natural and, to a lesser extent,
cultural environments, compared with many other economic activities. It is also partly
due to ecotourism’s ability to provide opportunities for economic benefits to
communities residing in the landscapes which these NGOs seek to conserve.
International NGOs such as the Nature Conservancy and Conservation International
demonstrate their belief in ecotourism as a development and conservation tool through
the operation of ecotourism departments within their institutional frameworks

4. Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be considered by

understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the positive and negative
environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism. (5 POINTS)

- Ecotourism helps in community development by providing the alternate source

of livelihood to local community which is more sustainable. Its aim is to conserve
resources, especially biological diversity, and maintain sustainable use of resources,
which an bring ecological experience to travelers, conserve the ecological environment
and gain economic benefit. However, achieving the aims in ecotourism depends on
whether they are environmentally and ecologically sustainable and economically
applicable. Ecotourism helps in involving local community for the conservation of the
ecology and biodiversity of the area that biodiversity in return provides the economic
incentives to the local community. Eco-tourism contributes to conservation of
biodiversity; sustains the well-being of local people; involves responsible action on the
part of tourist and the tourism industry; promotes small and medium tourism
enterprises; requires lowest possible consumption of natural resources; stresses local
participation, ownership, and business opportunities, particularly for rural people;
and above all includes the learning experiences.

5. Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique environments. (5

POINTS)

- Ecotourism’s perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable

development is the main reason why developing countries are now embracing it and
including it in their economic development and conservation strategies. Ecotourism,
as an alternative tourism, involves visiting natural areas in order to learn, to study, or
to carry out activities environmentally friendly, that is, a tourism based on the nature
experience, which enables the economic and social development of local communities.
It focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, its landscape, flora,
fauna and their habitats, as well as cultural artifacts from the locality. A symbiotic
and complex relationship between the environment and tourist activities is possible
when this philosophy can be translated into appropriate policy, careful planning and
tactful practicum. Carefully planned and operated ecotourism sites, especially if it is
village-based and includes local participation, is able to provide direct benefits that
might offset pressure from other less sustainable activities that make use of natural
and cultural resources. Eco tourism, natural resources, cultural heritage, rural
lifestyle and an integrated tourism is a type of local economic activities. Therefore,
ecotourism in nature and culture areas was carried out with a number of elements in
their natural landscape and cultural landscape (water, vista, topography, vegetation,
clean air), as well as in the variety of recreational activities suitable for all kinds of
environments. Therefore, ecotourism and its natural assets and raw materials to
create, as well as directing people to travel is an attractive force.

6. People from different cultures and societies meet and especially when tourism
development takes place it become more noticeable. (5 POINTS)

- The advances made in transportation that have enabled global mobility are
particularly significant. Modern aircraft, cruise ships, trains, and other modes of
transport allow people to move quickly and relatively cheaply. Aircraft such as the
Boeing 787 Dreamliner have opened new routes by creating an aircraft capable of
flying “long haul” distances with a smaller passenger load. Fast trains, road systems,
and even city bike rental programs enable people to move, tour, and explore the world.
These changes have allowed more people to travel more often in less time. Ease of
travel has also helped to overcome the barriers of fear, frustration, and expense. For
example, an international banking system allows access to money almost anywhere in
the world. Multinational corporations, which provide flights, local transportation, and
accommodation and food, have allowed for “one-stop shopping” for travel bookings.
Mobile devices have also changed the nature of travel in terms of what travellers do
and how they interact with a destination, making it easier to, for example, select a
restaurant, navigate a big city, or translate a foreign language. As a result, there are
fewer unexplored places in the world anymore.

7. The management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetical needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
economical processes, biological diversity and life support system. (10 POINTS)

- According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is tourism

that leads to the management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems.

8. Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that

focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically
managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally oriented. (10 POINTS)

- EcoSustainable Tourism refers to sustainable practices in and by the tourism

industry, it is an aspiration for the impacts of all forms of tourism – all forms of
tourism should be sustainable. Sustainable tourism is “Tourism that takes full
account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts,
addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities.
Aila Samonte

This is one of the Components of ecotourism the natural-based component it is a

broad term that covers all tourism experiences centered on wild or natural
environments. Nature-based tourism includes all forms of tourism where relatively
undisturbed natural environments form the primary attraction or setting (Buckley
2009; Newsome et al. 2002). It can include consumptive and adventurous as well as
non-consumptive contemplative activities, which in turn can include ecotourism
(Buckley, 2009; Fennell 2003; Weaver 2008) and conservation tourism (Buckley,
2010b).

Educational Impacts to tourism is one of the forms of tourism, and is a way to give
best education to students learning and to enhance knowledge. The growing
popularity of attaining knowledge and technical competencies from the world's best
destinations has resulted in increase in education tourism. Provide onsite educational
programs at the destinations.

Be integrated in the planning and development of ecotourism projects at an early

stage. Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be considered by
understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the positive and negative
environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism. Ecotourism helps in
community development by providing the alternate source of livelihood to local
community which is more sustainable. Its aim is to conserve resources, especially
biological diversity, and maintain sustainable use of resources, which an bring
ecological experience to travelers, conserve the ecological environment and gain
economic benefit.
Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique environments. Because
Ecotourism destinations are always environmentally sensitive because ecotourism
activities directly involve various environmental phenomena including bird watching,
trekking, mountaineering, horse riding and elephant riding within the forest
wilderness trail, staying in natural caves, studying about flora and fauna etc.

Culture is increasingly an important element of the tourism product, which creates

distinctiveness in a crowded global marketplace. At the same time, tourism provides
an important means of enhancing culture and creating income which can support and
strengthen cultural heritage, cultural production and creativity. Socio cultural impacts
are the 'human impacts' of the tourism industry, with an emphasis on changes in the
quality of residents' daily life at the tourist destinations and cultural impacts related
to transformations in traditional values, norms, and identities arising from tourism.

A clear distinction should be made between the concepts of ecotourism and

sustainable tourism: the term ecotourism itself refers to a segment within the tourist
sector, while sustainability principles should apply to all types of tourism activities,
operations, establishments and projects, including conventional and alternative forms.
It typically occurs in natural areas, and should contribute to the conservation or
presentation of such areas.

Ecotourism has grown as a consequence of the dissatisfaction with conventional forms

of tourism which have in general sense, ignored social and ecological elements of
foreign regions in favor of a more anthropocentric and strictly profit centered approach
to the delivery of tourism products.
Jennifer Sumande

1. An area dedicated primarily to the protection and enjoyment of natural or

cultural heritage, to maintenance of biodiversity, and /or maintenance of ecological
life-support services. (5 POINTS)

Specifically, because large protected areas contain greater habitat diversity than small
protected areas, larger protected areas can accommodate more species, a larger range
of ecosystem processes, and viable populations of large species that range over large
areas and live at low densities.

2. Education and interpretation have to be the foundation and this should aim to
include the local community and both domestic and international travelers. (5
POINTS)

The host communities, on the one hand, and local professionals, on the other, should
acquaint themselves with and respect the tourists who visit them and find out about
their lifestyles, tastes and expectations; the education and training imparted to
professionals contribute to a hospitable welcome.

3. Governments and non-governmental organizations around the world are

developing and promoting ecotourism in protected areas to benefit local communities
and to help preserve the environment and different ecosystems. (5 POINTS)
Ecotourism helps in community development by providing the alternate source of
livelihood to local community which is more sustainable. Many view ecotourism as a
viable way to protect the natural environment and create social and economic benefits
for local communities

4. Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be considered by

understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the positive and negative
environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism. (5 POINTS)

Ecotourism fosters respect for local cultures and the environment and increases the
awareness of conservation. Teachers who have taken part in ecotourism trips can
teach young people to realise the importance of the principles and practices of
ecotourism, promoting cultural understanding and environmental awareness.

5. Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique environments. (5

POINTS)

Ecotourism, a unique subset of the tourism industry, is ‚focused on the enhancement

or maintenance of natural systems through tourism. Ecotourism means different
things to different people. To some, it is the general term that encompasses nature‐
based, adventure, soft adventure, and cultural tourism. People from different cultures
and societies meet and especially when tourism development takes place it become
more noticeable.

6. People from different cultures and societies meet and especially when tourism
development takes place it become more noticeable. (5 POINTS)

Shipping lines also promoted international tourism from the late 19th century onward.
From the Norwegian fjords to the Caribbean, the pleasure cruise was already
becoming a distinctive tourist experience before World War I, and transatlantic
companies competed for middle-class tourism during the 1920s and '30s.

7. The management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetical needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
economical processes, biological diversity and life support system. (10 POINTS)

In reality, ecotourism refers to the sector of low-impact tourism that includes natural
areas, whereas sustainable tourism is a broader term describing sustainable practices
within and performed by the tourism industry.

8. Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that

focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically
managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally oriented. (10 POINTS)
According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is tourism that
leads to the management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems.

Jubelle Faraon

1. An area dedicated primarily to the protection and enjoyment of natural

or cultural heritage, to maintenance of biodiversity, and /or maintenance
of ecological life-support services. (5 POINTS)

UNESCO World Heritage Centre -The World Heritage Convention aims to

promote cooperation among nations to protect heritage around the world
that is of such outstanding universal value that its conservation is
important for current and future generations. The United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seek to
encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and
natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value
to humanity.
EXAMPLE :
Cultural heritage includes: cultures, customs, beliefs, rites, rituals,
ceremonies, indigenous knowledge, social customs and traditions, arts,
crafts, music, political and ideological beliefs that influence culture and
behavior, history, practices concerning the natural environment,
religious and scientific traditions.

2. Education and interpretation have to be the foundation and this should

aim to include the local community and both domestic and international
travelers. (5 POINTS)
 It encourages positive experience for visitors as well as hosts; It
minimizes the impact if tourism on the environment; It boosts
employment and financial opportunities for local people; It encourages
conservation by providing financial benefits in its favor in both domestic
and international travelers.

EXAMPLE:
- Provide onsite educational programs at the destinations
- Ecotourism offers a great opportunity for education as well as
professional and personal growth. It can help instill values in
participants that will lead to serious involvement in environmental and
social issues in the future.

- It helps educate the traveler, provides funds for conservation

3. Governments and non-governmental organizations around the world are

developing and promoting ecotourism in protected areas to benefit local
communities and to help preserve the environment and different
ecosystems. (5 POINTS)
Be integrated in the planning and development of ecotourism projects at
an early stage, Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be
considered by understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the
positive and negative environmental, economic and social impacts of
ecotourism
The government and non-governments help eco-tourism first by
promoting domestic tourism in a country. This can be done during off-
seasons when hotels and tourism attraction sites are less congested.
Once the citizens sample what their country has to offer, they will be
willing to extend this hospitality to visitors

4. Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be considered by

understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the positive and
negative environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism. (5
POINTS)

DIRECT impacts are those arising directly from tourist spending

- INDIRECT impacts are those such as when a restaurant is purchasing

supplies in order to cater to tourist
- INDUCED impacts are those such as when an employee who works in a
restaurant buy goods and services from wages earned
- Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique
environments.
- People from different cultures and societies meet and especially
when tourism development takes place it becomes more noticeable
 - The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing,
promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create and
maintain exchanges that satisfy individual, organizational, and societal
goals in the systemic context of global environment.

5. Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique

environments. (5 POINTS)
Ecotourism helps protect natural habitats and pristine environments.
Ecotourism allows countries and communities to build their economies
without harming the environment, which means that local wildlife can
thrive and visitors can enjoy untouched destinations
Example of characteristics of eco-tourism:
- Conscientious, low-impact visitor behavior.
- Sensitivity towards, and appreciation of, local cultures and
biodiversity.
- Support for local conservation efforts.
- Sustainable benefits to local communities.
- Local participation in decision-making.

6. People from different cultures and societies meet and especially when
tourism development takes place it become more noticeable. (5 POINTS)
It is socio cultural tourism these differences include aspects such as
language, religious beliefs, traditions, customs, lifestyles, behavioural
patterns; dress codes; sense of Cultural impacts of tourism refers to
changes in the arts, artifacts, customs, rituals, and architecture of a
people.
Example:
The term socio-cultural impacts socio-cultural impacts refers to changes
to resident's everyday experiences, as well as to their values, way of life,
and intellectual and artistic products. ime, budgeting, and attitudes
towards strangers.

7. The management of all resources in such a way that economic, social

and aesthetical needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural
integrity, essential economical processes, biological diversity and life
support system. (10 POINTS)
Sustainable tourism in its purest sense, is an industry which attempts to
make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping
to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local
ecosystems. It is responsible tourism that is both ecologically and
culturally sensitive.
Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-
cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be
established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term
sustainability. Thus, sustainable tourism
 Example:
Make optimal use of environmental resources that constitute a key
element in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological
processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity.
Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve
their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and
contribute to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance.
Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic
benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed, including stable
employment and income-earning opportunities and social services to
host communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation.

8. Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that

focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which
is ethically managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally
oriented. (10 POINTS)

Ecotourism has grown as a consequence of the dissatisfaction with

conventional forms of tourism which have in general sense, ignored
social and ecological elements of foreign regions in favor of a more
anthropocentric and strictly profit centered approach to the delivery of
tourism products.
A clear distinction should be made between the concepts of ecotourism
and sustainable tourism: the term ecotourism itself refers to a segment
within the tourist sector, while sustainability principles should apply to
all types of tourism activities, operations, establishments and projects,
including conventional and alternative forms
Aivie Marte

1. An area dedicated primarily to the protection and enjoyment of natural or cultural

heritage, to maintenance of biodiversity, and /or maintenance of ecological life-
support services. (5 POINTS)

The Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage was
adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972. The same
General Conference adopted on 16 November 1972 the Recommendation concerning
the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage.

2. Education and interpretation have to be the foundation and this should aim to
include the local community and both domestic and international travelers. (5
POINTS)

education aims at opening a global dimension and a holistic perspective in education

in order to help people understand the complex realities and processes of today's
world and develop values, attitudes, knowledge and skills that will enable them to face
the challenges of an interconnected world.Perspective is the way that one looks at
something. It is also an art technique that changes the distance or depth of an object
on paper. An example of perspective is farmer's opinion about a lack of rain. An
example of perspective is a painting where the railroad tracks appear to be curving
into the distance.
3. Governments and non-governmental organizations around the world are developing
and promoting ecotourism in protected areas to benefit local communities and to help
preserve the environment and different ecosystems. (5 POINTs

Ecotourism helps protect natural habitats and pristine environments.Ecotourism

allows countries and communities to build their economies without harming the
environment, which means that local wildlife can thrive and visitors can enjoy
untouched destinations.At its best, eco-tourism is responsible travel to natural areas
that safeguards the integrity of the ecosystem and produces economic benefits for
local communities that can encourage conservation.Environmental deterioration and
inequitable development may in some cases actually be exacerbated by eco-tourism.At
its best, eco-tourism is responsible travel to natural areas that safeguards the integrity
of the ecosystem and produces economic benefits for local communities that can
encourage conservation. ... Environmental deterioration and inequitable development
may in some cases actually be exacerbated by eco-tourism.

4. Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be considered by

understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the positive and negative
environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism. (5 POINTS)

Positive impacts

Ecotourism is supply led tourism strategy that enables sustainable development with
the central theme of ecosystem integrity. It is dictated by the ability of the ecosystem
to absorb the impacts but does not exclude the tourist and commercial exploitation of
the ecosystem. Ecotourism does not set limits on tourist numbers from the notion of
carrying capacity but only controls the nature and extent of their activity Atmospheric
quality, sound quality, drinking water, sewage, lampblack and all kinds of
establishments should meet the relative ordains of the national standards of
environmental conservation .Negative impacts

Tourism is an industrial activity that exerts a series of impacts that are similar to
most other industrial activities. It consumes scarce resources, produces waste by-
products and requires specific infrastructure and superstructure to support it
Ineffective management of tourism causes negative impact on protected area resources
It provides an alternative mechanism of resource utilization which may bring adverse
impact on environmental resources.

5. Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique environments. (5

POINTS)

ecotourism can be defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the
environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation
and education”.Ecotourism helps protect natural habitats and pristine
environments.Ecotourism allows countries and communities to build their economies
without harming the environment, which means that local wildlife can thrive and
visitors can enjoy untouched destinations.

6. People from different cultures and societies meet and especially when tourism
development takes place it become more noticeable. (5 POINTS)

Culture is increasingly an important element of the tourism product, which creates

distinctiveness in a crowded global marketplace. At the same time, tourism provides
an important means of enhancing culture and creating income which can support and
strengthen cultural heritage, cultural production and creativity.Tourism development
planning enables a range of benefits to all stakeholders involved, for example: It
increases income and jobs from tourist spending. It helps preserve cultural and
natural heritage for tourists. It increases understanding of other cultures

7. The management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetical needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
economical processes, biological diversity and life support system. (10 POINTS)

sustainable tourism is tourism that leads to the management of all resources in such
a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining
cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support
systems.Taking a leaf from the definition of sustainability itself, sustainable tourism is
also defined as a process which meets the needs of the present tourists and host
communities whilst protecting and enhancing needs in the futureSustainability
principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism
development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three
dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability.Sustainable tourism is tourism
that is economically, socioculturally and environmentally sustainable. With
sustainable tourism, sociocultural and environmental impacts are neither permanent
nor irreversible.

8. Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that focuses

primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically managed
to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally oriented. (10 POINTS)

Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that focuses

primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically managed
to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally-oriented (control, benefits, and
scale).It typically occurs in natural areas, and should contribute to the conservation or
preservation of such areas”
Zarina Alyannah Michaela Cruz

1. An area dedicated primarily to the protection and enjoyment of natural or

cultural heritage, to maintenance of biodiversity, and /or maintenance of ecological
life-support services.(5 POINTS)

This system is a major challenge in extraterrestrial facilities engineering. Short

duration missions of the space shuttle involve carrying food,water,and oxygen supplies
and collecting and returning wastes to earth.It should be amenable to updating and
expansion consistent with increasing number of residents at the lunar base.Increasing
food production at a lunar base will require careful husbanding of water and elements
such as carbon nitrogen and hydrogen.

2. Education and interpretation have to be the foundation and this should aim to
include the local community and both domestic and international travelers.(5 POINTS)

It should be aim to study this because both domestic and international has different
language so this is the foundation of having communication to others.
3. Governments and non-governmental organizations around the world are
developing and promoting ecotourism in protected areas to benefit local communities
and to help preserve the environment and different ecosystems.(5 POINTS)

It’s a form of responsible tourism which strives to achieve certain goals. Traveling to
natural parks and landmarks ,minimizing damages caused by conventional tourism
providing financial benefits to local businesses and building environmental
awareness.Another sureway of helping sustainable tourism hrive in the Philippines is
to support local everything responsibly and ethically. Go on tours operated by locals
and sign up for cultural immersions.

4. Evaluation of the knowledge of ecotourism impacts can be considered by

understanding the host community’s sensitivity of the positive and negative
environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism.(5 POINTS)

It refers to a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area
where community oarticipation,proection and management of natural
resources,culture and indigenous knowledge and practices,environmental education
and ethics as well s economic benefits are fostered and pursued.

5. Ecotourism is usually concentrated in sensitive and unique environments.(5

POINTS)

In order for ecototurism to encourage patterns of sustainability,which vcan benefit

local communities protect the environment and be economically viable, it must be
comprehensive and account for the complexity of issues hat have been mentioned in
this paper.

6. People from different cultures and societies meet and especially when tourism
development takes place it become more noticeable.(5 POINTS)

When your tourism development takes place and give effort and having good
communication and attitude as well it gives attract to other cultures and societies. If
you have this your tourism development more noticeable.

7. The management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetical needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
economical processes, biological diversity and life support system.(10 POINTS)
The term tourism resources describes natural and man made
attractions,infrastructure,services and the conditions that attract tourists to an area
and may contribute to the formulation of a tourism destinantion.

8. Ecotourism is a sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that

focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically
managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally oriented.(10 POINTS)