Climo Warm & Humid

LECTURE 4
WARM & HUMID CLIMATE

WARM
&
HUMID
CLIMATE
Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil
▪ Humid climate are found in a belt near the equator extending
to about 150 degree North and South.
▪ Air Temperature reaches mean maximum during the day of
between 27° and 32° C.
▪ At night the mean minimum varies between 21° and 27° C.

▪ High humidity, strong sun, glare from the sky and horizon.
▪ Monsoon periods are long with heavy rains.
▪ The evening breezes, especially in coastal areas, can
considerably relieve the discomfort.

1. Temperature:
Summers :
Day : 30 – 35° C ,
Night : 25 – 30° C
Winters :
Day : 25 – 30° C ,
Night : 20 – 25° C

2. SOLAR RADIATIONS:
Usually defused radiation due to cloud cover or vapors in air. Intense
radiation are on clear day.
3. LANDSCAPE AND VEGETATION:

Flat region with abundant vegetation.
4. PRECIPITATION:
Very high precipitation, generally around 1200mm / year.
5. Winds:
One or two prevailing wind directions with velocity ranging from
extremely low to very high.

1. Resisting heat gain.
Convenient measures:
▪ Decreasing surface area of the building exposed to the outside.
▪ Using materials that take a longer time to heat.
▪ Providing buffer spaces between the outside and the inside.
▪ Increase the shade of the building in general.
▪ Using materials that reflect heat.

2. Promoting heat loss.
Convenient measures:
▪ Appliances used are well ventilated.
▪ Proper ventilation occurs throughout the day.
▪ By achieving this the humidity levels are reduced as much as
possible.

1. Site:
a. Landform:
▪ For flat sites, design consideration for the landform is immaterial.
▪ In case of slopes and depressions, the building should be located on
the wind ward side or crests to take advantage of cool breezes

b. Waterbodies:
▪ Waterbodies are not essential as they would tend to further increase the
humidity.
c. Street width and orientation:
▪ Major streets should be oriented parallel to or within 30° of the
prevailing wind direction during summer months to encourage
ventilation in warm and humid regions.
▪ A north-south direction is ideal from the point of view of blocking solar
radiation. The width of the streets should be such that the intense solar
radiation during late mornings and early afternoon is avoided during
the summers.

d. Open spaces and built form:
▪ Buildings should be spread out with large open spaces in between for
unrestricted air movement.
▪ In cities, buildings on stilts can promote ventilation and cause cooling at
the ground level.

2. Orientation & plan form:
a. As the temperatures are very high, free plans can be evolved only
when the house is under protective shade.
b. An unobstructed air path through the interiors is important to
ensure proper ventilation.
c. The buildings could be long and narrow to allow cross ventilation.
d. For example, a singly loaded corridor plan (i.e. one with rooms on
one side only) is preferable over a doubly loaded one.

2. Orientation & plan form:
e. Heat and moisture producing areas like toilets and kitchens must be
ventilated and separated from the rest of the structure.
f. Semi open spaces such as balconies, verandahs and porches can be
used advantageously for day time activities as well as give protection
from rainfall.
g. In buildings a central courtyard can be provided with vents at higher
levels to draw away the rising hot air.

2. Building envelope:
a. Roof
▪ In addition to providing shelter from rain and heat, the form of the
roof should be planned to promote airflow.
▪ Vents at the rooftop effectively induce ventilation and draw hot air
out.
High pitched roof with

louvers for ventilation. Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil
b. Walls.
▪ The walls must also be designed to
promote air flow so as to counter the
prevalent humidity.
▪ Baffle walls, both inside and outside
the building can help to divert the
flow of wind inside.
▪ the walls should be protected from
the heavy rain fall. If adequately
sheltered, exposed brick walls and
mud plastered wall work very well
by absorbing the humidity and
helping the building to breathe

c. Fenestrations:
▪ Cross ventilation is of outmost importance in warm and humid
climatic regions.
▪ All doors and windows should preferably kept open for maximum
ventilation for most of the year.
▪ These must be venetian blinds or louvers to shelter the rooms from
the sun and rain, as well as for the control as air movement.
▪ Openings of a comparatively smaller size can be placed on the
windward side, while the corresponding openings on the leeward
side should be bigger for facilitating a plume effect for natural
ventilation.

Fenestrations:
The openings should be shaded by external overhangs, outlets should be

at higher levels so that they serve to vent out hot air.

c. Façade articulations.
▪ Maximum ventilation.
▪ Orientation of smaller side of
structure along east-west.
▪ North– south orientation for
maximum air movement.
▪ High density of façade that is open
and yet shaded.
▪ Faint / pale colours on outer
surfaces.
▪ Building materials with
insulatating/ reflecting properties
that resist heat transfer.
Source:
Course text books.
Public internet sharings.

Climo Warm & Humid

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LECTURE 4

WARM & HUMID CLIMATE

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

3. LANDSCAPE AND VEGETATION:

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

High pitched roof with

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

The openings should be shaded by external overhangs, outlets should be

Prepared by - Ar. Anusha Patil

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