SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis

instituti

Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian iterature

1
 Ve r si f i c a t ion

Tbilisi
2018
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leqsmcodneoba

eZRvneba simon Ciqovans

leqsmcodneobis meaTe
samecniero sesia
(masalebi)

Tbilisi
2018
3
UDC(uak) 821.353.1.09-1

redaqtori Editor
Tamar barbaqaZe Tamar Barbakadze

saredaqcio kolegia Editorial Board

irma ratiani Irma Ratiani

zaza abzianiZe Zaza Abzianidze
levan bregaZe Levan Bregadze
Tamar lomiZe Tamar Lomidze
zoia cxadaia Zoia Tskhadaia

saredaqcio sabWo Editorial Council

konstantine bregaZe Konstantine Bregadze

Tamaz vasaZe Tamaz Vasadze
emzar kvitaiSvili Emzar Kvitaishvili
gubaz leTodiani Gubaz Letodiani
maia jaliaSvili Maia Jaliashvili
marine jiqia Marine Jikia

pasuxismgebeli mdivani Responsible Editor

salome lomouri Salome Lomouri

kompiuteruli Computer Software

uzrunvelyofa Tinatin Duglafze
TinaTin duglaZe

leqsmcodneoba, X, 2018 Versification, X, 2018

misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, Address: 0108, Tbilisi
merab kostavas q. # 5. M. Kostava str. 5
telefoni: 99-18-81 Tel.: 99-18-81
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E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge

ISSN 1987-6823
4
paolo iaSvili

eqspromti
(qarTvel futuristebs)

uwin lekebi, Smagi qistebi

Tavze esxmodnen kaxeTis mdelos,
dRes ki Wabuki futuristebi
anadgureben Zvel saqarTvelos.

magram dgebnian Cven win kiTxvebi:

sad aris brZolis Tavi da bolo?
pasuxad gvesmis benos sityvebi:
`poeziaa mimika mxolod.
amitom ar gvsurs vweroT leqsebi
da veSurebiT pitnavas duqans,
sjobs mwvadi, QRvino, mwife nesvebi
giJmaJ paolos, ticians msuqans~.

arCevania saxelovani,
Cven ki sicocxles kidev vecdebiT
da mixaria,
rom Ciqovani
Cven gvanadgurebs manifestebiT.

valerian gafrindaSvili

dagvianebuli soneti
simon Ciqovans

me magondeba daisis baRi

da iq ori da cisfer TvalebiT,
maTrTolebs raRac idumalebiT
es mogoneba – naklebad saRi.
5
mtkvari garboda vefxviviT laRi,
irgvliv qalaqi feTqda alebiT,
TiTqos icvlida fers gamalebiT
norC varskvlavebiT savse cis TaRi.

o, es saRamo, ori dis cqera

Cven Tavs dagvnaTis, rogorc qimera,
viT siWabukis nazi ocneba.

talRebTan trfoba tkbili yofila.

Cven samudamod dagvaZmobila
qalis Rimilma da jadosnobam!

ivnisi, 1932 w.

murman lebaniZe

simon Ciqovanis xsovnas

`ianvari, Tebervali, marti –

Sen dakarge yvela misamarTi...~

Sen dakarge megobari bevri,

Sen dakarge saydari da mrevli.

Tebervali, marti, april – maisi –

Sen dakarge mermisi da gaisi!

Sen dakarge TvalSi cremlis RvenTi,

Sen dakarge Seni qriste –Q RmerTi!

daemsgavsa Seni bina dilegs –

mTawmindisken veRar xedav biliks!
6
daemsgavsa Seni bina xaros –
sinanulis Sig yvavili xarobs!

oqtomberi Zirs Camoyris foTols,

TvaldaSretils gimizneben fotos.

noemberi – giSvelo da riTi?

mobuzulxar, rogorc zamTris Citi.

yvelaferi gviania axla,

sikvdilis win ibadebi axlad.

sikvdilis win Tavze gadgas mwyemsi,

gewereba Sen mtkivani leqsi...

`ianvari, Tebervali, marti, –

Sen dakarge yvela misamarTi...~

Sen dakarge megobari bevri,

Sen dakarge saydari da mrevli.

mTawmindaze qari furclebs fantavs,

Senc dagWirda, Senc dagSvenda msxverpli...

migabareT Sen mTawmindis kalTas,

mogayareT Sen marikas ferfli.

1969

7
SoTa niSnianiZe

simon Ciqovans

I
TiTqos futkrebi fxaWnian dumils,
wignidan dgeba fiqri fusfusa,
wamoiSleba asoTa mumli
da Semeseva tanze bususad.

momeCveneba mcxeTa, armazi –

xan zmaneba da xan – sinamdvile,
odiSis Wala, veli alaznis,
Sen xan mwiri xar, xan – monadire.

aseTi sizmrad Tu Semxvedria,

sad mogiWria, sadauria?
xan Wogritia, xanac kverTxia,
xan jadosnuri salamuria.

WogritSi moCans, rogorc sizmari,

Cveni warsuli da momavali,
kverTxSi ki wvanan gzebi savali
da salamurSi xmebi mZinari.

Zveli iyalTo, gremi, gelaTi,

armazi, mcxeTa Tu safurclia,
drom moiyuda xeladebiviT,
Seusvams... magram ver dauclia.

da mcxeTis freskas, naxevrad waSlils,

da serafitas daferflil aCrdils
man daakera sityva wamwamad
da moaxvia fiqri dalalad...
guramiSvilis cecxliT gvawama
da misi bediT Cvenc gvavalala.
8
II
Sen kalmis wveriT tanze amceri,
salamuriviT var dadaRuli.
modi, mikurTxe ucxo naweri
da amixdine sizmrad naxuli.
ar var ubralo dudgulis Reri,
Cambere sunTqva da amamRere!
saxsrebs milewavs sanam survili,
sanam myudro maqvs saCrdilobeli,
de, RvTaebrivi salamuriviT
Svidgan gamexsnas naWrilobevi...

arCil sulakauri

Cemi Rrubeli
(simon Ciqovanis gaxseneba)

gadaiara mamulze wvimam,

burusma,
nislma
da daRlilobam,
da axla mxrebiT Rrubeli mimaqvs,
rom Sevixvio Zveli Wriloba.

gza dameqanca da dameRala,

laqaSi,
Tqori,
gube-gubeli,
nawvimari var da namexari
da mxrebiT mimaqvs Cemi Rrubeli.

9
Sen ki,
me vici, sadRac cimcimeb,
sadRac ukvdavi suliT enTebi,
me moxril mxrebze mawevs simZime
da Senken maRla ver vixedebi.

guli maqvs Seni naperwkliT savse,

mindoda,
erTxel cecxliT dagenTo,
magram arsaiT Semomxvdi gzaze,
maradiulo da erTaderTo.

gadaiara mamulze wvimam,

nislma,
naRvelma
da daRlilobam,
da axla mxrebiT Rrubeli mimaqvs,
rom Sevixvio Zveli Wriloba.

daviT werediani

variaciebi
simon Ciqovanis Temaze: cira

es dila civia,
dalimdi,
Conguris laro,
obadis nalevze
cira da Jirmuxi larJi.
ilmodi alvili,
raRacas liklikebs wyaro,
simReras avlia,
sityvebi ar ismis qarSi.
10
aido baidebs,
ilmodi alvilTa piras.
aido baidebs,
giSrebiT,
Savrebis remiT.
es dila civia,
cremliRa kiafobs, cira
cremliRa kiafobs,
visia, Seni Tu Cemi?
labaxors davxveri,
saydari vixile yvavTa,
frTaTeTri movniSne,
dafrinda, damijda TavTan.
bindi da qereWi,
bindi da bindi da qereWi.
sixaruls ver ityvi,
arada, sixaruls hgavda.
(`orioni~, Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 25)

Sarlota kvantaliani

marika da simoni
(trioleti)

`dafna rad gvinda, gavexvioT cixis suroSi,

da rom movkvdebi, movTavsdebiT erTad kuboSi~.
simon Ciqovani

dRes mTawmindaze erT kuboSi wvanan isini,

coli – mxevali Tavis satrfos wahyva hadesSi,
maT ar awuxebT sicive da binis simcire,
dRes mTawmindaze erT kuboSi wvanan isini,
darCa miwaze ulmobeli drois sicive
da arwevT Rame unazesi mTvaris badeSi,
dRes mTawmindaze erT kuboSi wvanan isini.
coli – mxevali Zvirfas batons wahyva hadesSi.
11
vaxuSti kotetiSvili

nagubari cremli

wignis Taroebis dalagebisas xelSi momxvda gazeT `kal-

masobis~ erTi nomeri (2005 w., # № 2), romelSic dabeWdilia nika
Ciqovanisa da cisana genZexaZis werili: `simon Ciqovanis uc-
nobi leqsi~. Aaq, faqtiurad, or leqszea msjeloba. maT Soris
erTi usaTauroa da exeba saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis or
tragikul TariRs – 1924 da 1937 wlebs, xolo meores hqvia
`9 marti~ da igi 1956 wlis im sisxlian dRes exeba, romelic
Cvenma Taobam uSualod sakuTar Tavze iwvnia.
es leqsebi, rogorc publikaciis avtorTagan vigebT,
simon Ciqovanis arqivs SemorCa ara poetis avtografis saxiT,
aramed misi meuRlis, q-n marika eliavas, mier gadawerili.
vin icis, iqneb es leqsebi maSinaa amoTqmuli da meuRLlis-
Tvis nakarnaxevi, rodesac poets usinaTlo dReebi edga da
mas mxolod imis xilva SeeZlo, rac mis arsebaSi epoqis ulmo-
beli maxviliviT Rrmad da mkafiod iyo amokawruli, asea Tu
ise, es leqsebi gadarCa, rogorc kidev erTi utyuari sabuTi
bolSvikuri reJimis sulisSemxuTveli yofisa. esgaxlavT
kidev erTi dadastureba imisa, rom im wlebSi moazrovne in-
teligenciisaTvis fizikuri gadarCena did sulier tkivil-
Tan iyo dakavSirebuli. cocxlad misjili mdumare tanjva,
Sinagani patimroba imis safasurad, rom gladiatoris beds
gadaurCa.
vin icis, mTeli cxovrebis satanjvels iqneb erTxel sik-
vdili sjobda da Zvlebis Cayra sadRac, foniWalis velze
gaTxril saZmo xaroSi.
es fiqrebi aRmiZra simon Ciqovanis am sevdiani leqsebis
gadakiTxvam.
kaloze qarma gafanta namja,
momtaca siyrmis wminda imedi,
ori Wriloba sxeulSi CamrCa,
ocdaoTxi da ocdaCvidmeti.
..........................

12
 ver gavamrTele ori naxmlevi,
Tqmas me varCie sityvaZviroba,
cxovrebis aRmarTs bevrjer avyevi,
ver moviSuSe ori Wriloba.
............................
Zma rom dabrundes, netav, ras vetyvi,
riT gavumarTle Zveli piroba?
pasuxad mimaqvs guli nasetyvi
da pirgaxsnili ori Wriloba.

xedavT, ra tanjavs avtors: Zma rom dabrundes, Tavi

riT vimarTloo? ra danaSauls gulisxmobs poeti? pasuxi
erTaderTia: dumili.es Cveulebrivi dumili ar gaxlavT.
es metyveli dumilia, romlis Sesaxebac robert luis sti-
vensoni (1850-1894) werda: `yvelaze sastiki sicrue xSirad
dumiliT gamoiTqmis~.
aseTive didi tkiviliT aris amoTqmuli meore leqsic:

wuxel qurdulad mesroles tyvia,

tyvia amcda da Cems bavSvebs moxvda.
gulze martyia sikvdilis xvia,
oci daWres da ocive mokvda.

ras vifiqrebdi, xma Camiwydeba,

ver davifarav mkerdiT patarebs,
Cemi ocneba aq damiwdeba
da gzebze martis wyevla matarebs.
......................

mtkvarTan aprili ar mova wreuls,

napirebs kvebavs sisxlis tborebi
da saqarTvelos daCexil sxeuls
Wrilobebs vban da veamborebi.

am leqsSic isev `xmis Cawyvetasa~ da `piris daxSobazea~

Civili da isev cremliani monanieba am `metyveli dumilis~
gamo. ra unda iyos poetisaTvis am dumilze meti sasjeli?!
13
 am leqsebis kiTxvisas mexsierebaSi amomitivtivda ba-
toni simonis erTi, cxovrebis dsasasruls dawerili leqsi:

ianvari, Tebervali, marti,

sami Tvea metad uRimRamo.
gulis jamSi damigrovda Wvartli
mogizgize siyvarulis gamo.

axalgazrda Taobis mimarT am siyvarulma akeTebona simon

Ciqovans bevri sikeTe, bevr axalgazrdas ganuxvna bWeni li-
teraturis asparezze. magaliTad, stalinisa da berias epo-
qis bneleTSi ana kalandaZis leqsebis samzeoze gamotanac
kmara, romelic gmirobas udrida.
Wvartlad qceuli siyvarulio, brZanebs poeti da swored
am siyvarulis sazRauria, mis saflavs gulze rom ayria misi
usayvarlesi meuRlis, q-n marikas, ferfli.

14
 valerian gafrindaSvili

simon Ciqovanis Semoqmedebisadmi miZRvnil

diskusiaze warmoTqmuli sityvidan

...me ar vicav simbolizms rogorc msoflmxedvelobas,

simbolizmi ukve ar arsebobs rogorc literaturuli skola,
magram me yovelTvis davicav qarTuli simbolizmis forma-
lur miRwevebs. pirvelad qarTvelma simbolistebma dawe-
res swori soneti. simbolistebma Semoitanes sxvadasxva
formebi, magaliTad, sonetis garda – trioleti. me mgoni,
trioleti Cvenamde ar iyo dawerili. me vici, dRes poetebi
amayoben, rom ar swerden sonetebs, magram sonetis wera
mowmobs erTgvari kulturis Sesaxeb. yovel kulturul
xalxis istoriaSi aris xana sonetiT gatacebisa, Tumca,
rom daewera konstantines, an simons, es daarRvevda maT po-
etur mTlianobas, maT soneti ar sWiriaT. e.w. Tavisufali
leqsi dawerili iyo paolo iaSvilis mier... Cven gvqonda
gansazRvruli Tematika aRebuli ara marto ucxoeTis po-
eziidan, aramed Cveni nacionaluri sinamdvilidan. yoveli
literaturuli skola eZebs warsulSi romelime did poetur
figuras rom mis irgvliv dairazmos. ai, magaliTad, frangi
simbolistebi emyareboden ronsars, rusi simbolistebi
tiutCevs. TviT sim. Ciqovani, sxvaTa Soris, ecada, rom ga-
emarTlebia Tavisi poeturi cdebi besikiT. aq Zalian sa-
intereso iyo SanSiaSvilis gamosvla. maSaSvilma sTqva, rom
TiTqos me Ciqovani gamoviyvane novatorad... ar aris ma-
SaSvili marTali, rodesac novatorobas awers gal. tabiZes
da griSaSvils. maSaSvilma Segnebulad gamotova cisferi
yanwelebi da ugulebelyo maTi damsaxurebs formis sakiTx-
Si, magram misi gamosvla usaTuod iyo saintereso...
andro gelovanis sityvaSi iyo SeniSvna naxevradsamar-
Tliani, rom me meti yuradReba mivaqcie Ciqovanis [Semoq-
medebis] formalur mxares, rom Cem moxsenebaSi ar iyo

15
mocemuli socialuri foni. agreTve unda gavilaSqro, ra-
sakvirvelia, SavguliZis sityvis winaaRmdeg imitom, rom
TiTqmis arc erTi misi debuleba ar aris marTali. mag. man
sTqva, rom Ciqovanis leqsebSi aris gabatonebuli ojaxuri
momentebi, rac marTali ar aris...

[29 dekemberi, 1934 w.]

valerian gafrindaSvili. leqsebi, poema, Tar-
gmanebi, essebi, werilebi, mwerlis arqividan.
Tbilisi, `merani~, 1990, gv. 642-644.

16
 ana kalandaZe

***
keTilmosagonar dReTagan gamovyof im dRes, rodesac
gavige, rom simon Ciqovans surda Cemi gacnoba. es ukve bevrs
meubneboda Cemi leqsebis bedis gasagebad mweralTa kavSirSi
misuls 1946 gazafxulze.
simon Ciqovanis, am suliT xorcamde inteligentis, lite-
raturuli interesebiT wva, marTlac, saocari iyo!
batoni simoni dResac sazomia CemTvis vieTTa da vieTTa
adamianuri Rirsebebis Sefasebisas.
... literaturul axalgazrdobaze zrunva misi sulieri
moTxovnileba ufro iyo, – is talanti, romliTac aseve mxo-
lod rCeulebs `ajildoebs buneba!~.. axalgazrdebic farva-
nasaviT awydebodnen simon Ciqovanis piruTvnelsa da maRal
samsjavros. bevri axalgazrda avtoris wigns naxavdiT mis
ojaxSi; krebulebs, miseul Sefasebas rom elodnen. msjav-
ri misi ki TiTqmis utyuari iyo. es vizualurad susti age-
bulebis kaci saocari gaafTrebiT icavda xolme ama Tu im
avtors, mis ama Tu im striqons, sityvasac ki, Tu is avtoris
niWierebas igrZnobda, Tu niWis mSvenierebas dainaxavda...
... simon Ciqovani ukve Cems Semdgom TaobaSic legendasa-
viT gadmovida: Tqven simon Ciqovani gaxsovTo, – Semomnatra
erTxel axalgazrda poetma...
WeSmaritad sanimuSo iyo simon Ciqovanis pirovneba, misi
keTilSobileba da sulieri aristokratizmi gaxldaT po-
etis pirovnebis umaRlesi daxvewilobis saTave.

1984
ana kalandaZe, ortomeuli, t. II. Tbilisi,
gamomcemloba `saqarTvelo~, 1996,
gv. 354-356; gv. 391; gv. 400-405.

17
guram asaTiani

`rogorc vazis Wigo mwifobis TveSi~

simon Ciqovanis poeturi xelovnebis Tavisebureba mdgo-

mareobs ara sityvis garegnul elvarebaSi, misi poezia TiT-
qos daJinebiT giTrevs SigniT, siRrmeSi, raTa poetis mdidar
inteleqtualur samyarosa da poetur xilvebs gaziaroT. aq
mTavari, gadamwyveti roli miniWebuli aqvs leqsis Sinagan
formebs, poetur azrovnebas, saxeTa Tavisebur sistemas.
samyaros xiluli mSvenebis mZafri gancda da saxeebis
originaluri, ferweruli gaazreba simon Ciqovanis sinam-
dvilisadmi poeturi damokidebulebis uaRresad damaxasi-
aTebel Tvisebas warmoadgens...
upirveles yovlisa aRsaniSnavia, rom simon CiqovanisaT-
vis sinamdvilis asaxvisas aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs sag-
nis reliefur, plastikur monacemebs, vidre fers. sruliad
araferi aqvs saerTo wminda ferwerasTan, magaliTad, simon
Ciqovanis poeziaSi araerTgzis ganmeorebul mzisa da irmis
Sedarebisas. aq, iseve rogorc mis araerT sxva poetur saxeSi,
mkveTYrad aris gamomJRavnebuli saganTa xedvisa da warmo-
saxvis skulpturuli manera.
simon Ciqovanis leqsi Cveulebriv Warbad aris datvirTu-
li realuri, nivTieri samyaros cocxali sagnebiTa da saRe-
bavebiT. misi striqoni, rogorc vazis Wigo mwifobis TveSi,
daxunZlulia mZime mtevnebiviT sisxlsavse da mWidrod as-
xmuli saxeebiT, romlebic poeturad gansagnebuli ferisa
da sulieri wvis nayofs warmoadgenen.
aq gasaTvaliswinebelia poetis Taviseburi mxatvruli
koncefciac, kerZod, misTvis damaxasiaTebelia poeturi
Semoqmedebis Sinagani arsisa da mniSvnelobis gageba. simon
CiqovanisTvis poezia, TviT Semoqmedebis aqti, aris ara um-
tkivneulo, wuTieri ganwyobilebiT nakarnaxevi wrfeli ga-
18
loba, aramed uaRresad rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi proce-
si, romelic mTeli sulieri Zalebisa da gamocdilebis
daZabvas moiTxovs.

simon Ciqovani, 100 leqsi.

Semdgeneli nikoloz Ciqovani.
Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2007, gv. 3.

19
gaga lomiZe

simon Ciqovani

simon Ciqovanis oficialur biografiaSi vkiTxulobT:

`poeti da sazogado moRvawe simon Ciqovani daibada 1902 wlis
27 dekembers, abaSis raionis sofel naesakovoSi. poetis deda
masze mSobiarobas gadayolia. dedisadmi miZRvnil leqsebSi
mZafri gulistkiviliT igrZnoba~. isic viciT, rom poets
dac patara asakSi gardaecvala. amitomac mis bavSvobisdro-
indel mogonebebs araiSviaTad gansakuTrebuli sevda axlavs:
`sad davibade, undo bedma ra gamatana, suli mwyurvali da
maTara Zlier patara~. naadrevad daoblebuli poetis aRz-
rda bebiam da ZiZam iTaves. bavSvobis umetesi periodi sofel
tyvirSi, bebiasTan gaatara. poetis mama, ivane Ciqovani, ro-
melic aseve, adreve, 1917 wels gardaicvala, ocnebobda, rom
Svili samTo inJineri gamxdariyo, radgan es profesia im
dros prestiJulad iTvleboda. magram yvelaferi sxvagvarad
ganviTarda. rogorc simon Ciqovani igonebs, poeziisadmi
siyvaruli mas winaprebisgan ergo memkvidreobiT: `Cemi gva-
reuloba cnobili iyo ojaxuri poetebiT – bevri Cemi wi-
naparTagani leqsad awarmoebda miwer-moweras da me vfiqrob,
rom poeziisadmi midrekileba Camesaxa bavSvobaSi, sakuTar
ojaxSi~. simonis babuam, niko Ciqovanma Turme zepirad icoda
„vefxistyaosani“ da simonis mama da babua xSirad ejibrebod-
nen erTmaneTs. poetma swavla jer Tavis sofelSi daiwyo. 1914
wels ki quTaisis realur saswavlebelSi Sevida. am dros is
CaCavebis ojaxSi cxovrobda, romelTac simonis asakis biWi,
kolia hyavdaT. kolias deda simons siTbos ar aklebda. po-
ets bolomde axsovda erTi faqti, rodesac CaCavebis ojaxis
diasaxlisma viRacas simonze da koliaze uTxra: „Sexede, ra
TeTrebia Seni bavSvebio“. cxadia, siTbos nebismieri gamov-
lineba Zalian Zvirfasi iyo daoblebuli da mgrZnobiare bav-
SvisTvis. zafxulobiT sofelSi miwas amuSavebda da mezob-
lis bavSvebs aswavlida. amiT swavlis gasagrZeleblad fuls
20
agrovebda. realuri saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg, 1921
wels, man Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, filologiis
fakultetze Caabara. swavlis paralelurad, wiTeli armiis
qarTuli nawilebis politganyofilebaSi, gazeTis redaqci-
asa da klubSi muSaoba uwevda.
cnobilia, rom simon Ciqovani meamboxe avangardisti eq-
sperimentatoridan koniunqturul poetad iqca. saintere-
soa, ras SeiZleboda gamoewvia amgvari cvlileba da saerTod,
riT iyo ganpirobebuli misi e.w. `aranormatiuli~ qceva?
am faqtebis miuxedavad, nebismier, miT umetes oficialur
biografias sruli suraTisTvis ramdenime detali aklia.
SevecadoT aRvadginoT damontaJebuli suraTi da mTavari
epizodebi gamovyoT. qcevis nebismieri Taviseburebis sa-
analizod, rogorc wesi, Semoqmedis adreuli bavSvobis, misi
ojaxuri garemos, skolis Tu pedagogebis Sesaxeb informa-
ciis Segrovebas iwyeben. davakvirdeT dedisadmi miZRvnil
leqss, romelSic, savaraudod, poeti yvelaze gulaxdili
iqneboda:

`dedav, xateba ar dagrCa arsad,

WaSi vicqiro, damCemda seni.
Sen xom ideqi gvimian WasTan,
egeb Sig CarCa saxeba Seni.

an iqneba Seni oqros Tma ari

kolxur keraze amdgari ali
egeb vazia Seni qamari,
xes rom exveva cocxali kvamli!

rogor Segicno, Tu gnaxe sadme!

modi, gvalvaSi migrile rtoTi,
me ukuRmarTi gangeba davgme,
rto damirxie, Camiqre SfoTi...~

am striqonebis miRma arsebuli motivis gasaanalizeblad,

gavixsenoT froidis Teoria imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra udevs safuZ-
21
vlad siamovnebis princips. rogorc fsiqoanalizis fuZem-
debeli ambobs, nebismier siamovnebas safuZvlad udevs trav-
mis, danakargis gamocdileba. TamaSis procesSi, bavSvi sagnis
an adamianis damalvis, gaqrobisas da gaCenisas, dedis sxeul-
Tan mTlianobis SegrZnebis rRveviT gamowveuli travmuli
gamocdilebis gaSinaurebas cdilobs. am tipis travma Cans
galaktionis leqsebSi: `saxlidan gavida da aRar dabrunda~
(`sarkmeli saRamom...~) an `ielvebs, qreba da kvlav ielvebs
Seni mandili am udabnoSi~ (“Tovli”). zrdasrul asakSi Sesv-
lisas, adamianis `me~-s ara siamovnebis principi, aramed re-
alobis principi marTavs, romelic angariSs uwevs sinamd-
viles da garemos da adamians iZulebuls xdis, rom sakuTa-
ri moTxovnilebebi gaakontrolos. froidiseul realobis
princips simon Ciqovani leqsSi `aris siyrmes da simwifes
Soris` fraza `sinanulis Tu simorcxvis Jami~ Seesabame-
ba. dedisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi daeWvebis aRmniSvneli sityva
`egeb~, romelic poetis SfoTvis maniSnebelia, skeptikur mo-
tivad gardaiqmneba , romelic TiTqos mTeli cxovreba miyveba.
simon Ciqovanis futurizmis periodis leqsebs – Tavis-
Tavad, Sinaarisgan daclili poeziis kults – sakmaod aSkara
paraleli aqvs froidiseuli aracnobieris gagebasTan. ama-
ve dros, komunikaciis nakleboba, rasac eqsperimentuli po-
ezia gulisxmobs – Tuki isev froidis Teorias daveyrdno-
biT – travmuli gamocdilebidan momdinareobs.
asea Tu ise, 1922 wlidan mis cxovrebaSi axali etapi da-
iwyo, rodesac TanamoazreebTan erTad, futuristuli li-
teraturuli jgufi daaarsa.
magram amas win uswrebda ramdenime movlena. 1917 wlis
oqtombris erT dilas, rodesac simon Ciqovani saxlidan
gavida, mezobelma SeaCera da gazeTi uCvena: – modi, simon,
ai, naxe, ise xom ar SeiZleba ruseTSi rame moxdes, erTi
matrakveca qarTveli rom ar gaerios! vinaa es juRaSvili-
stalini, ra unda am bolSevikebSi? am dRes simon Ciqovanma
pirvelad gaigona stalinis saxeli, romelic SemdgomSi
akrZalvebTan gaigivdeba.
22
 1921 wels, rodesac saqarTvelos damoukideblobas saf-
rTxe daemuqra, simoni quTaisel moxaliseTa razmSi Caewera
da TbilisSi Cavida. moxaliseebs TbilisSi sityviT mimarTa
saqarTvelos miwaTmoqmedebis ministrma, daviT oniaSvilma.
maTi aseuli armiaSi Caricxes, magram, rogorc Cans, skolis
moswavleebis sabrZolvelad gaSvebas moeridnen da amito-
mac maT brZolaSi monawileoba ar miuRiaT.
ra winapirobebi uZRoda win saqarTveloSi avangardistu-
li mimarTulebebis Camoyalibebas da kulturuli saqmiano-
bis warmarTvas?
1918 wlis 26 maisidan, rodesac saxelmwifoebrivi damo-
ukidebloba gamocxadda, Tbilisi regionSi kulturis cen-
trad iqca. am dros TbilisSi gadmoixvewnen: aleqsei kru-
Conixi, igor terentievi, Zmebi ilia da kirile zdaneviCebi,
vasil kamenski, sergei sudeikini da zigmund valiSevski da
Tbilisur kafeebSi SemoqmedebiT saRamoebs marTavdnen.
pirvelad aq rusma futuristebma Camoayalibes Tavian-
Ti dajgufeba, xolo 1922 wels ki qarTvel futuristTa
gaerTianebam, romelTa erT-erTi meTauri simon Ciqovani iyo,
ukve sakuTari manifesti gamosca saTauriT: `saqarTvelo
– feniqsi~. es manifesti ZiriTadad italiel da rus futu-
ristTa ideebs eyrdnoboda. JurnalSi H2SO4 simon Ciqovanma
kargad gamoxata sakuTari da, zogadad, qarTuli futuriz-
mis mizani saqarTveloSi. „davartyaT TavSi lirikas Ceqma da
davadinoT cisferi sisxli“, – werda igi. H2SO4-is pirveli
nomeri 1924 wlis 25 maiss gamovida. qarTuli futurizmis
paradoqsi iyo isic, rom aq erovnuli mesianisturi motivebi
aSkarad gamovlinda. cxadia, aqac, simbolizmis qarTuli
saxesxvaobis msgavsad, msoflio kulturul rukaze saqar-
Tvelos damkvidrebis survili ikiTxeba. feniqsic, erTi
mxriv, warsuli memkvidreobis aRorZinebas iTvaliswinebs
da, meore mxriv, momavalzea orientirebuli, rac sruliad
bunebrivia futuristuli esTetikisTvis. Jurnalis saxel-
wodeba, H2SO4, garda imisa, rom teqnikis kultze migviTiTebs,
sxva specialur simbolur datvirTvasac atarebda. qarTve-
23
li futuristebis azriT, gogirdmJavas xsnariT, anu futu-
ristuli xelovnebiT, unda ganwmendiliyo qarTul poeziaSi
arsebuli „gafuWebuli“ haeri.
qarTveli futuristebi acxadeben, rom mTvaris Sesaxeb
dawerili leqsebi eleqtronis Suqisadmi miZRvnilma poeziam
Caanacvla, sentimentebi warsuls Cabarda. futuristTa kri-
tikuli Tavdasxmebis obieqtebi iyvnen cisferyanwelebic,
romelTa xelovnebamac, garkveulwilad, niadagi moumzada
futurizmis aRmocenebas. maTi poezia agebuli iyo sityvaTa
TamaSze da TiToeuli teqsti mravalgvar improvizacias da
Tavisufal interpretacias eqvemdebareboda. gansakuTreb-
uli mniSvneloba da datvirTva eniWeboda ara mxolod teq-
stebis Sinaarss, aramed vizualur mxaresac. sagangebod
arCevdnen Srifts da xSirad gansxvavebuli zomis SriftebiT
beWdavdnen teqstebs. gansakuTrebiT popularuli gaxda e.w.
xelnakeTi wignebi. mxatvrebi da poetebi Tvlidnen, rom av-
toris xelnaweri damatebiT datvirTvas aniWebda TiToeul
teqsts, beWdur asoebSi ki individualoba ikargeboda.
TbilisSi moRvawe futuristebi xSirad epataJs mimar-
Tavdnen. simon Ciqovani da misi megobrebi eqscentrulad
gamowyobilebi – yelze damagrebuli bolokebiT daabijeb-
dnen Tbilisis quCebSi da TavianTi gamomwvevi saqcieliT,
qalaqis Cveulebriv mosaxleobas SokSi agdebdnen. simon Ci-
qovani Tavis poetur eqsperimentebs besikis poetikaze, meg-
ruli folklorze afuZnebda. misi futuristuli periodis
poeziisTvis damaxasiaTebelia: teqnikis kulti, urbanizmi
da deformirebuli ena, alogikuroba.
futuristebs daZabuli urTierToba hqoniaT simbolis-
tebTan. erTxel paolo iaSvils, romelic pitnavas duqanSi
ijda, gverdiT magidasTan msxdomi futuristebisTvis xel-
saxocze miuweria eqspromti: „uwin lekebi, Smagi qistebi,/
Tavze esxmodnen kaxeTis mdelos,/dRes ki Wabuki futu-
ristebi/ anadgureben Zvel saqarTvelos“. erTxelac, la-
RiZis wylebis kafeSi paolo iaSvils da simons ukamaTiaT, rac
fizikur Sexla-SemoxlaSi gadazrdila. paolos simonisTvis
24
Wiqa usvria. simons sapasuxod boTli usvria, romelsac
giorgi leoniZisTvis Tavi gautexavs.
daaxloebiT 1927 wlidan Ciqovanis poeziaSi eqsperimen-
tebs e.w. patriotuli Tematika Caenacvla. qarTuli futu-
rizmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli, romelic klasikur tradi-
cias uaryofda, mogvianebiT, `siyrmesa da simwifes Soris~
periodSi, ukve tradiciul memkvidreobas aRiarebda. Tumca
futurizmis socrealizmad gardaqmna sakmaod bunebrivi
movlena iyo. futurizmi, iseve rogorc sabWoTa xelisuf-
leba, Zvelis nangrevebze axali samyaros mSeneblobas iT-
valiswinebda. axali samyaros mSenebloba `mSeneblisTvis~,
ideologisTvis uzomo Zalauflebis miniWebas gulisxmobda
(rac ganxorcielda kidec stalinis pirovnebaSi). futurizm-
Si, iseve rogorc axal sabWoTa imperiis mSeneblobis proces-
Si, mudmivad igrZnoba mamis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli bavSvis
amboxi – futurizmic uaryofda winaprebs da sabWoTa saxelm-
wifoc Zvelis nangrevebze axali saxelmwifos da adamianis Se-
qmnas iTvaliswinebda. futuristebisTvis warsulTan dapiri-
spireba yvelafris xelaxla dawyebas ukavSirdeba, radganac
maTTvis upiratesia `tabula rasa~-s cneba; awmyo mniSvnelovania
mxolod imiT, rom igi gardamavali safexuria momavlisken.
rogorc mogvianebiT, kulturis istorikosma, boris grois-
ma Tqva, futurizmis swrafva axali samyaros Senebisken sul
male ganxorcielda, „oRond am programis av
tori rodCenko da maiakovski ki ar yofilan, aramed stali-
ni, romlis politikurma Zalauflebam is maTi saxelovnebo
proeqtis memkvidred aqcia~.
1932 wlis 22 aprils sakavSiro kompartiis centralur-
ma komitetma gamosca dadgenileba „saliteraturo orga-
nizaciaTa gardaqmnis Sesaxeb~. gauqmda literaturuli gaer-
Tianebebi. am droidan, „cisferyanwelebis“ da futuristebis
dapirispireba dacxra. simon Ciqovans jer gamomcemloba
`sabWoTa mweralis~ mTavar redaqtorad niSnaven, Semdeg ki
saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris saqmianobaSi erTveba da
gardacvalebamde misi xelmZRvaneli organoebis ucvleli
wevria.
25
 1938 wels, lavrenti beria, saqarTvelos kompartiis me-
aTe yrilobaze, albaT, daSinebis mizniT, kidev erTxel gaix-
senebs `lefelebis~ dajgufebas: `jgufisTvis „lefelebi~,
romelic 1924 wels Camoyalibda da romelSic Sediodnen – s.
Ciqovani, d. Sengelaia, b. JRenti, l. asaTiani da sxvani, dam-
axasiaTebeli iyo formaluri novatoroba, wvrilburJuazi-
uli meamboxeoba. isini gamoscemdnen specialur Jurnals
“H2SO4” (gogirdmJavas qimiuri formula) (sicili darbazSi).
„lefelebi~ ukanaskneli xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gaTavisu-
fldnen maTTvis warsulSi damaxasiaTebeli abdaubdisgan,
gadavidnen sabWoTa literaturis ideur poziciebze da amJa-
mad qarTuli literaturis mowinave rigebSi ibrZvian~. simon
Ciqovani sabWoTa mwerlisTvis gankuTvnili yvela sikeTiT
sargeblobs. 1944-51 wlebSi is saqarTvelos mweralTa kav-
Siris gamgeobis Tavmjdomarea, xolo 1954-60 wlebSi – Jur-
nal `mnaTobis~ redaqtori. SemoqmedebiTi moRavweobisTvis
mas aTasgvari ordenebiT da premiebiT ajildoeben. maT Sori-
saa yvelaze sapatio – saxelmwifo premia, romelsac 1947 wels
poemisTvis `simRera daviT guramiSvilze~ mianiWeben. TiTqos
paradoqsia, rom erT dros avangardisti da SemdgomSi parti-
ul funqcionerad gardaqmnili poeti Tavis poemebs qarTuli
literaturis or devnil Semoqmeds – daviT guramiSvils da
nikoloz baraTaSvils uZRvnis.
simon Ciqovani gmirTa moedanze agebul pirvel maRalsar-
Tulian saxlSi cxovrobda. mis binaSi eqsperimentuli mxatv-
robis nimuSebi da iSviaTi wignebi inaxeboda. aq Tavs iyridnen
mwerlebi da xelovanebi sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva mxari-
dan. simon Ciqovans Zalian uyvarda axalgazrda mwerlebi da
yovelmxriv xels uwyobda da agulianebda maT. axalgazrdebi
xSirad midiodnen masTan stumrad. rogorc amboben, sain-
tereso mosaubre iyo, daxvewili gemovneba hqonda da kargad
erkveoda xelovnebaSi. Tamaz Cxenkeli igonebda: „maxsovs,
pirvelad rom mivedi masTan, Tavis oTaxSi larnakze miyudeb-
uli impresionistebis suraTebi elaga – reproduqciebi. ro-
gorc Cans, rigrigobiT cvlida maT da ise uWvretda. ar gam-
26
kvirvebia. arCil sulakaurisgan vicodi, rom safuZvlianad
hqonda Seswavlili impresionistuli ferwera~.
sayovelTao TvalTvalis da devnis xanaSi, rogorc Cans,
ojaxma gaanadgura saxifaTo da `arasasurvel~ werilebi,
Canawerebi Tu sxvadasxva dokumenti. Tumca ojaxis arqi-
vSi mainc SemorCa ori Canaweri, romelTac gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs arsebuli reJimis mimarT poetis damokide-
bulebis garkvevis saqmeSi. erT-erTia paolo iaSvilis
xsovnisadmi miZRvnili daumTavrebeli leqsi da meore – 1956
wlis 9 martis movlenebisadmi miZRvnili leqsi-monanieba.
rogorc cnobilia, paolo iaSvilis saxelis dadebiT kon-
teqstSi moxsenieba stalinis gardacvalebamde akrZaluli
iyo. rodesac simon Ciqovanis leqsebi pirvelad daibeWda,
paolos uTqvams: simon Ciqovans yvelaferi aqvs, rogorc po-
ets, SesaniSnavi saxeebi da mxatvroba, mxolod ritmis grZno-
ba aklia da ver miukvleviao. mogvianebiT Ciqovani igonebda:
`rodesac mweralTa sasaxleSi `Teimuraz pirvelis~ pirveli
nawili wavikiTxe (poeziis seqciis sxdomaze daubeWdavi le-
qsebis kiTxva iyo, Tavad sabavSvo leqsebi `nita kapitani~ da
sxva waikiTxa), gadamexvia da gadamkocna – SesaniSnavia, magram
amas ar dagibeWdaveno...~ wvrilmani dapirispirebis miuxeda-
vad, maT Soris bolos megobruli damokidebuleba iyo. simon
Ciqovani iyo erT-erTi ukanaskneli adamiani, romelsac paolo
iaSvili sikvdilamde esaubra. im dRes mweralTa kavSirSi
akaki beliaSvilis wevrobis sakiTxs ganixilavdnen: `rode-
sac darbazSi paolo Semovida, sxdoma ukve dawyebuli iyo..
SemosvliT vestibiulidan Semovida.. rodesac kari gaiRo, me
Semovbrundi da karisken gavixede.. igi al. quTaTelTan daj-
da, erTxan masTan saubrobda, Semdeg adga da wamovida Cemsken,
Cems ukan skamze dajda da saubari damiwyo... simon, – miTxra,
SeiZleba gulSi wyena gqondes, magram icode, rom me keTilSo-
bili, patiosani, vaJkaci kaci var da amas male dagimtkicebo.
me ufro gamikvirda da gakvirvebulma Sevxede, cotaTi da-
vibeni kidec, ar vicodi ra meTqva.. wamodga. me vuTxari – moi-
cade, paolo, Sens mezobels mweralTa kavSiridan garicxvas
27
upireben da davicvaT-Tqo. vin Cems mezobelso, mkiTxa. akaki
beliaSvils-meTqi. ar SemiZlia darCenao, mobrunda, wavida.
magram im karebiT ki ar gavida, romlidanac Semovida, aramed
ukana, baRSi gasasvleli karebisaken wavida. me Tvali gavay-
ole da davinaxe, rogor gavida ukana karSi, magram rogor mo-
brunda meore sarTulisaken, ar SemimCnevia. kreba gagrZelda...
gavida xuTi Tu Svidi wuTi da saSineli xmiT daiWeqa Tof-
ma, magram is Tofis xmas ar gavda, ufro yumbaris gaskdomas.
uceb, wamiT samarisebuli siCume Camovarda, quCisken darbazis
karebi Ria iyo da viRacam wamoiZaxa, mina gaskdao. yvelaferi
Tvalis daxamxamebaSi moxda, Tofis gavardna, dumili da Cemi
gareT gavardna. me darwmunebuli viyavi, rom paolom Tavi
moikla... gadavwyvite paolosTvis damexeda. es CemTvis Zlier
mZime gadasawyveti iyo. bavSvobidan meSinia micvalebulis da
sayvareli bebiisTvisac ar damixedia. me saerTod micvaleb-
uli arasodes minaxavs, magram es SemTxveva im wuTSi istori-
uli mniSvnelobis dRed miviCnie da gadavwyvite zeviT, vefxis
fitulTan Cakecili paolo uSualod menaxa da kibis pirvel
safexurebze aviare. viRacam sakmaod Ronivrad momiWira,
momabruna da davinaxe, Cems win idga poeti valerian gafrin-
daSvili, paolos uaxloesi megobari da, SeiZleba iTqvas, Cemi
sayvareli megobari. me, albaT, gakvirvebiT da wyeniT Sevxede
valerian gafrindaSvils, xolo valerianma brZanebis kiloTi
miTxra rusulad – Я тебя не пущу, valerians ena eborkeboda
da aRelvebuls, miTumetes. mcire siCumis Semdeg daumata – Я
тоже не пойду. Он в нашей памяти должен остаться каким мы его видели
в жизни..”
1956 wlis 25 Tebervals istoriulma XX yrilobam mois-
mina axali partiuli xelmZRvanelobis moxseneba `pirovnebis
kultisa da misi Sedegebis~ Sesaxeb, romelic stalinis dis-
kreditacias isaxavda miznad da mTlianad socializmis dasas-
rulis dasawyiss moaswavebda. am movlenas imave wlis 9 marts
TbilisSi aqcia mohyva, romelmac axlgazrdebis sicocxle
Seiwira. simon Ciqovani am ambebis gamo sakuTar pasuxismge-
blobas grZnobda: “wuxel qurdulad mesroles tyvia,/ tyvia
28
amcda da Cems bavSvebs moxvda../ oci daWres da ocive mokvda,
–/ ras vifiqrebdi, xma Camiwydeba,/ ver davifarav mkerdiT pa-
tarebs,/ Cemi ocneba aq damiwdeba da/ gzebze martis wyevla
matarebs.../ me mesroles da bavSvebi mokles,/ damWres da piri
damixSves wuxel./ mkerdSi varami veRar Cavtie,/ guli mewvis
da vervis vumxel,/ samSoblov Sevcdi da mapatie../ mtkvarTan
aprili ar mova wleuls,/ napirebs kvezavs sisxlis tborebi/
da saqarTvelos daCexil sxeuls/ Wrilobebs vban da veam-
borebi”. xelnaweri gakruli, nerviuli xeliTaa Sesrule-
buli. amitomac misi amokiTxva zogan Wirs. es yvelaferi po-
etis mRelvarebaze da movlenis cxel kvalze gamoxmaurebaze
miuTiTebs.
simon Ciqovanis saxels mweralTa kavSirSi momxdari kidev
erTi gaxmaurebuli movlena ukavSirdeba. esaa propaganda,
romelic sabWoTa xelisuflebam vaJa-fSavelas winaaRmdeg
wamoiwyo. simon Ciqovanma ver SeZlo vaJa-fSavelas dacva,
radgan winaaRmdegoba yvelafris dakargvas niSnavda. arada,
meuRle, marika eliava, mweralTa kavSiris sxdomamde Turme
meuRles eubneboda: ra sjobia imas, rom vaJa-fSavelas dacvis
gamo Tanamdebobidan gagaTavisuflono. SesaZloa, xelisu-
fleba mweralTa kavSiris Tavmjdomaris Tanamdebobidan mis
gaTavisuflebas ar dasjereboda da ufro mkacri zomebic
mieRo – gadaesaxlebina an, sulac, fizikurad gaenadgure-
bina is. simon Ciqovanis meuRlis ojaxs ukve axsovda repre-
siebi... erT-erT leqsSi poeti werda kidec: „weli dagvesxa
ocdaCvidmeti/Sin Semovarda da dagvarbia~. 1937 wlis repre-
siebs misi meuRlis, marika eliavas mama da Zma – zurabi emsx-
verplnen, rZali – Tina gadaasaxles. marikas mama, niko, saqa-
rTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, qalaqisTavi
gaxda da gansakuTrebuli avtoritetiT sargeblobda. bol-
Sevikebis Semosvlis Semdeg, is iZulebuli gaxda, rom menSe-
vikebis mTavrobasTan erTad, sazRvargareT gaqceuliyo.
mcdelobis miuxedavad, col-Svilis wayvana ver moaxerxa. ma-
gram imeds ar kargavda, rom odesme maT Cayvanasac SeZlebda.
nikos Zma, Salva, me-11 armiis erT-erTi meTauri iyo. misi wya-
29
lobiT, nikos col-Svili germaniaSi gaemgzavra, sadac niko
Tavis ojaxs SeuerTda. male krizisi daiwyo da nikom qaliS-
vilebi, susana da marika skolidan gamoiyvana. im periodSi
Turme sergo orjonikiZe germaniaSi yofila, niko unaxavs da
uTqvams: stalinma damabara, Camovides niko, socializmi er-
Tad unda avaSenoTo. Tavis droze, stalini eliavebis saxlSi
xSirad dadioda. niko amitomac endo mis sityvas da 1924 wels,
ojaxTan erTad, TbilisSi dabrunda. 1937 wels, niko, misi vaJi
zurabi da rZali Tina erTad daapatimres. nikos da zurabs
daxvreta miusajes, Tina – gadaasaxles. zurabs da Tinas dar-
CaT vaJi, patara nika, romelic marikam da simonma iSviles da
amiT bavSvs `xalxis mtris~ saxeli aaciles. im dros TiTqmis
aravin icoda, rom simon Ciqovanisa da marika eliavas Svili
nika sinamdvileSi marikas represirebuli Zmis, zurab eliava-
sa da misi meuRlis, TinaTin quTaTelaZis Svili iyo.
simon Ciqovanis da marika eliavas sasiyvarulo istoria
jer kidev im dros daiwyo, rodesac futuristi poeti Ci-
qovani Tbilisis quCebSi kubokrul tansacmelSi gamowyobi-
li, perangze wiTelbolokdamagrebuli dadioda. erTxelac,
rusTavelis gamzirze seirnobisas, simon Ciqovanma marika
eliava SeniSna da yuradReba miaqcia. Tavisi megobris, fu-
turisti poetis da SemdgomSi reJisoris, nikoloz Sengela-
iasTvis ukiTxavs:
– vinaa es angelozi?
– es mSvenieri arseba marikaa, – RimiliT miugo nikoloz
Sengelaiam.
– es gogo Cemi coli gaxdeba! – Tqva simonma. im dRidan
poetma mosveneba dakarga. marika Tavdapirvelad gaurboda
skandalist poets, simoni ki daJinebiT cdilobda misi
gulis mogebas – leqsebs uZRvnida mas. maTi urTierToba
jer kidev flirtiT Semoifargleboda, rodesac marika qo-
buleTSi isvenebda da simonma CaakiTxa mas. Turme simons
Tan iaraRi hqonda da marikasTvis uTqvams: axla me amiT Tavs
moviklav da Cemi sikvdili Sen dagbraldebao, razec gogona
Zalian gabrazebula.
30
 ase grZeldeboda TiTqmis 7 weli. mogvianebiT, marika
eliava igonebda, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi, simonze daqor-
wineba xSirad ufiqria, magram sul misi cvalebadi saqcieli
aferxebda. isini 1932 wels daqorwindnen. am dros marika oc-
dasami wlis iyo, simoni, – ocdaaTis. maTi SeuRlebiT TiT-
qos sapirispiro sawyisebi gaerTiandnen: erT dros meamboxe
poeti, romelic axal cxovrebas da sistemas daemorCila da
qali, romlis ojaxic gaanadgures da romelsac Zalian uWir-
da axal cxovrebasTan da sistemasTan Segueba. sxva mwerlebis
msgavsad, simon Ciqovanmac araerTi leqsi miuZRvna arsebul
reJims da mis mesveurebs, kerZod, lavrenti berias. amboben,
marika eliavas amis gamo Zalian ganucdia, radgan mamamisis
da Zmis mkvlelisTvis xotbis Sesxma miuReblad CaTvala..
sicocxlis bolos simoni diabetiT daavadda da mxedve-
loba dauqveiTda, magram am yvelafers marikas ar umxelda.
bolos, rodesac yvelaferi gairkva, marika Tavdauzogavad
uvlida mas. paralelurad, marikas avTvisebiani simsivne aR-
moaCnda da isic umalavda meuRles. Tavadac mZime avadmyofi,
simons oTaxidan oTaxSi daatarebda. simon Ciqovani dRiurSi
werda: „Zneli saTqmelia, romeli romels davatarebT“. er-
Txel marikas meuRlisTvis uTqvams: rom icode, simon, ro-
gor davberdi da davuSnovdi... simons upasuxia: eg SeuZle-
belia, magram Tu marTla asea, maSin ar vnanob, rom davbrmav-
dio. eqimebma marikas janmrTelobis droebiTi gaumjobeseba
SeZles. avadmyofobam isini kidev ufro daaaxlova. marika
isev qmris gamo zrunavda. yovelnairad uwyobda xels si-
mons – TiTqos marikam udrood daRupuli dedis, dis da ma-
mis funqcia erTdroulad SeiTavsa. marikas Tavdadebaze da
qmris mimarT uzomo siyvarulze isic miuTiTebs, rom erTxel
simons inglisSi wasvlis SesaZlebloba gamouCnda. ojaxs am
xarjis gawevis saSualeba ar hqonda, magram marikam wlebis
ganmavlobaSi nagrovebi saagarake TanxiT meuRle inglisSi
gaamgzavra.
simonis gardacvalebidan ori wlis Semdeg marikam mkur-
nalobaze uari Tqva da maleve gardaicvala. anderZad
31
daibara, rom misi ferfli daewvaT da qmris saflavze
moebniaT, riTac TiTqos mistikurad SeuerTdeboda Tavis
qmars. siyvarulis gaukvdavebasTan erTad, maTi erTad dak-
rZalvis ambavs TiTqos erTi paradoqsi axlavs Tan – is, rac,
praqtikulad, maTi mTeli Tanacxovrebis manZilze, albaT,
grZeldeboda: simon Ciqovani mTawmindis panTeonSi didi
pativiT dakrZales. marika eliavam ki TiTqos sikvdilis
winac meamboxuri xasiaTi gamoiCina, rodesac saqarTveloSi
im droisTvis uCveulo ram – kremacia moiTxova. marikas
ferflis nawili simonis saflavs moabnies, nawili ki mis
ferxTiT Cafles.

32
 emzar kvitaiSvili

simon Ciqovani
(literaturuli portreti)

poetis cxovreba, Cveulebriv, mWidrod aris gadajaWvu-

li mis SemoqmedebasTan da, amdenad, suraTi rom ufro sruli
gamovides, saWiro gaxdeba ZiriTadi biografiuli faqtebis
moxmoba.
simon Ciqovani daibada 1903 wlis 9 ianvars, sofel naesako-
voSi, dRevandeli martvilis raionSi. mamamisi ivane Ciqovani
ganaTlebuli adamiani iyo, Zalian uyvarda literatura, po-
ezia (es TviT poetis leqsebidanac Cans), miwer-mowera hqonia
`Tamarianis~ avtor simon gugunavasTan.
ymawvilobisas ivane cxenidan Camovarda, daxeibrda, ris
gamo ganaTlebis misaRebad veRar gaagzavnes. warmosadegi
vaJkaci saojaxo meurneobas uZRveboda da, amasTanave, im-
xanad iSviaT xelobas, miminoebis dageSvas, misdevda.
simonis deda, uaRresad saTno adamiani, efrosine nodia,
mSobiarobas gadahyva. patara simons mzrunvelobas ar ak-
lebda, Zvel qarTul tradiciebze zrdida dideda ebe – `be-
bia mSvidi da mwignobari~.
simon Ciqovani Tavis erT leqsSi ambobs – mamamiss undo-
da, igi samTo inJineri gamosuliyo, risTvisac quTaisis re-
alur saswavlebelSi miabara. aRsaniSnavia, rom mas germanul
enas niko lorTqifaniZe aswavlida. aq SeiZina siWabukis
megobrebi – daviT gaCeCilaZe, nikoloz CaCava, beso JRenti,
akaki beliaSvili da sxvebi, romlebTan erTadac gimnaziis
literaturul cxovrebaSi aqtiurad monawileobda.
1918 wels poets Tavs daatyda axali udebureba, garda-
icvala ivane Ciqovani. ojaxs didi gasaWiri daadga, magram
dedinacvalma, Zalze gulisxmierma qalbatonma sinduxtim
samgaliTo keTilSobileba gamoiCina, yvelaferi iRona, raTa
simons ganaTlebis damTavreba SesZleboda.
33
 axalgazrda poetma mwvaved ganicada 1921 wels saqarT-
velos damoukideblobis dakargva, sxva moxaliseebTan er-
Tad undoda Cabmuliyo saomar moqmedebaSi, magram vinaidan
brZola TiTqmis wagebuli iyo, sardlobam isini frontze
aRar gagzavna; ukandaxeul jarTan erTad, axalgazrdebi
quTaisSi dabrundnen, rac simon Ciqovans mTeli cxovreba
sananeblad darCa, zogierT gviandel leqsSi (`es winapris Tu
Cemi marcxia~) es ganwyobileba gulistkiviliT gamoxata.
1922 wels simon Ciqovani TbilisSi Camovida, universi-
tetSi swavla rom gaegrZelebina. pirveli leqsi gamoaqveyna
1924 wels. imxanadve Tavis quTaisel da Tbilisel megob-
rebTan erTad Seqmna futuristuli jgufi `memarcxeneoba~,
romlis wevrebi iyvnen: nikoloz Sengelaia, kirile zdaneviCi,
Jango RoRoberiZe, beno gordeziani, paliko nozaZe, irakli
gamrekeli. 1924 welsve gamovida maTi pirveli literatu-
ruli Jurnali “H2So4”. amas mohyva almanaxi `literatura da
sxva~ (1919-1925), Jurnali `memarcxeneoba~ (1927-1928).
qarTveli futuristebi TavianTi mrwamsiT da suliskve-
TebiT axlos idgnen maiakovskis TaosnobiT gaerTianebul
`lefelebTan~; italieli futuristebisgan gadmoiRes teq-
nikis kulti, frangi dadaistebisgan SeiTvises sityvaTwyo-
bis alogizmi, kubizmisgan – saganTa axleburi aRqma.
1924 weli imiTac aris aRsaniSnavi, rom simon Ciqovanma
axaldaarsebul Jurnal `mnaTobSi~ ganyofilebis gamged
daiwyo muSaoba. imTaviTve uyvarda Teatri da ocian wleb-
Si isa da misi megobrebi dauaxlovdnen kote marjaniSvils.
swored maSin Caeyara safuZveli simon Ciqovanis guliTad
megobrobas uSangi CxeiZesa da veriko anjafariZesTan.
1927 wlis erTma movlenam gansazRvra simon Ciqovanis pi-
radi cxovreba da momavali: gaicno sabedo – iSviaTi gareg-
nobisa da mdidari sulieri samyaros mqone qaliSvili marika
eliava, vinc naxvisTanave Suyvarda da Svidi wlis gamudme-
buli trfialis Semdeg colad SeirTo. marikas mama da Zma
zurabi 1937 wlis umagaliTo represiebs emsxverplnen da

34
zurabis erTaderTi vaJi, nikolozi, col-qmarma iSvila, Rir-
seul, didad ganaTlebul pirovnebad aRzarda.
marTalia, ocdaaTiani wlebis sulisSemxuTavi ideolo-
giuri wnexi simon Ciqovanis Semoqmedebasac daetyo, magram
amave dros mis poeziaSi aSkarad SeigrZnoba sasikeTo Zvrac
– ferweruli xatebisken swrafva da TvalsaCino daostateba.
1934 wlidan simon Ciqovani saqarTvelos mweralTa kav-
Siris gamgeobis mudmivi wevri xdeba, xolo 1947-1951 wlebSi
amave kavSiris Tavmjdomarea.
1942 wels, rodesac meore msoflio omis mZvinvarebda,
simon Ciqovani ramdenjerme gagzavnes moqmed armiaSi, sa-
dac igi gamoCenil mxedarTmTavars, general konstantine
leseliZes dauaxlovda; omis Temaze dawera araerTi mniS-
vnelovani leqsi, magram zogierTi am leqsebidan ar pasuxob-
da imxanad dadgenil CarCoebs da mxolod mogvianebiT, po-
etis gardacvalebis Semdeg gamoqveynda.
1947 wels omisdroindeli lirikisa da poemisaTvis `sim-
Rera daviT guramiSvilze~ simon Ciqovans mieniWa pirveli
xarisxis stalinuri premia.
1954-1960 wlebSi simon Ciqovani redaqtorobda Jurnal
`mnaTobs~, risi meoxebiTac gonivrulad, Cveuli taqtiT
warmarTavda mTel maSindel literaturul cxovrebas, xels
uwyobda Sesaferisi atmosferos damkvidrebas. amasTanave,
xelmZRvanelobda literaturul seminars, riTac didi amagi
dasdo niWier axalgazrda mwerlebs, Tavdauzogavad zrunav-
da maTi gemovnebis daxvewasa da daostatebaze.
1963 wels Cvenma sazogadoebam sazeimod aRniSna poetis
dabadebis samoci wlisTavi, magram am droisaTvis misi janm-
rTeloba sagrZnoblad iyo Seryeuli, rasac daemata gla-
ukoma da sibrmave. aseT mdgomareobaSi myofic ganagrZobda
nayofier SemoqmedebiT muSaobas – daamTavra poema nikoloz
baraTaSvilze – `ganjis dRiuri~, dawera leqsebis cikli
`Semodgomis dReebi aWaraSi~, sakavSiro presaSi gamoaqveynda
Zalze mniSvnelovani polemikuri werilebi. aseT intensiur
saqmianobas igi namdvilad ver SesZlebda, mxarSi rom ar amos-
35
dgomoba fanatikurad erTguli cxovrebis megobari marika
eliava, vinc bevr rames ukiTxavda mzeradaSretil poets.
1966 wlis martSi simon Ciqovanma dawera mSvenieri, avi wi-
naTgrnobiT gamsWvaluli ukanaskneli leqsi `ar mSordeba
Wirveuli marti~ da erTi Tvis mere, 24 aprils, gardaicvala.
mZimed daavadebul qalbaton marikasac didxans aRar ucocx-
lia, 1968 wlis agvistoSi daasrula miwieri arseboba. ander-
Zad daibara, Cemi ferfli simonis saflavis miwas SeurieTo.
marikas da simonis memkvidrem nikam, ojaxis uaxloesma naTe-
savebma es survili Seusrules.
simon Ciqovans Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze axlo megobro-
ba hqonda sxvadasxva erovnebis araerT gamoCenil poetTan,
riTac didad argo mSobliur mwerlobas. calke wignis dawe-
ra SeiZleboda: boris pasternakTan, nikoloz zabolockis-
Tan, mikola baJanTan, pavle antokolskisTan da sxvebTan
misi xangrZlivi, Zmuri urTierTobis gamo. samociani wlebis
rusi poetebidan simon Ciqovanis mimarT did siyvaruls am-
JRavnebdnen bela axmadulina da andrei voznesenski da aman
maT SemoqmedebaSic hpova asaxva.
araa dasaviwyebeli erTi naklebad cnobili garemoebac.
tragikuli bedisa da mZlavri talantis didi rusi poeti
vladimer maiakovski (mas saqarTvelosTan mxolod dabade-
ba da siymawvilis wlebi rodi akavSirebda), vinc sicocxlis
miwuruls sulierad metismetad aforiaqebuli iyo (bolo
xanebSi gamovlenilma saarqivo masalebma cxadyo, rom sa-
xelmwifo uSiSroebis organoebi mas sazRvargareT gasvlis
vizas aRar aZlevdnen), TbilisSi bolo Camosvlisas, 1927
wels, metismetad daeWvebuli, gandobia simon Ciqovans – ar
vici, yvelaferi es, rac Cven garSemo xdeba, saWiroa Tu arao.
amas igi, aTasnairi SxamiT mowamluli da sabWoeTidan gada-
saxvewad gamzadebuli, bevr vinmesTan ar ityoda. etyoba,
simon Ciqovanis momxiblav, Sinaganad marTal pirovnebaSi
gacnobisTanave dainaxa TanamgrZnobi da Tanamoazre, guli
gadauxsna.
36
 ***
literaturis mkvlevrebs araerTxel gamouTqvamT amg-
vari Tvalsazrisi – poeti im saukeTesoTi unda Seafaso,
rac man datova. aseTi midgoma uTuod gamarTlebulia si-
mon Ciqovanis rTuli, bevr SemTxvevaSi winaaRmdegobrivi da
araTanabari Semoqmedebis mimarT, rasac qartexilebiT savse
boboqarma epoqamac Tavisi daRi daasva.
pirveli leqsi, sadac simon Ciqovanma ramdenadme sru-
lad gamoavlina Tavisi saxe da SesaZleblobani, es aris mis
Seyvarebulis da SemdgomSi cxovrebis uerTgulesi me-
gobris marika eliavasadmi miZRvnili `mgzavris simRera~
(1927). poeti matarebliT midis moskovs da mZafrad ganic-
dis daSorebas satrfosTan, romelic jer kidev bolomde
ar TanaugrZnobs mas. leqsSi, albaT TvalTa ganivi Wrilis
gamo, erTgan naTqvamia qalis mongolur ierze:

Sens saTno saxes, saxes Wkvianurs,

vin Seuria mongolis sisxli.

es miniSneba pirvelsave strofSi sagangebodaa Semzade-

buli – Sori gza, damqancveli manZili ubiZgebs warmosaxvas,
vagonebi warmoadginos monRolebad, radgan matarebels sam-
Soblodan mohyavs poeti da, albaT, qveSecneulad axsendeba
avbediTi dro, roca mis winaprebs `oqros urdoSi~ uwevdaT
Casvla (mogvianebiT es Tema simon Ciqovanma ostaturad ga-
naviTara, razedac sagangebod vityviT). xsenebuli satrfo
ki, romelsac refrenis rolic ekisreba, ase gamoiyureba:

momgonebixar, momgonebia
lerwmad rxeuli Seni sxeuli.
es vagonebic mongolebia
da sad mivyavar Seni rCeuli.

leqsis finalSi poetis mRelvareba zRvars aRwevs; mgza-

vroba dasasruls uaxlovdeba. mSobliuri mTebi aRar elan-
deba, magram Seyvarebulis saxe kvlav Tvalwin udgas da misgan
37
igi met siTbos iTxovs. aq striqonebs prozauli JReradoba
aqvs, magram es ufro damajerebels da uSualos xdis intona-
cias. sasaubro metyvelebasTan daaxloebuli aseTi pro-
zaizmebi simon Ciqovans, rogorc Tavad aRniSnavda, Segnebu-
lad Sehqonda leqsSi, rac misi erT-erTi marjve xerxi gaxda.
Ramis siCumeSi gaxmianebuli poetis mWaxe SeZaxili saTayva-
no arsebisadmi, amave dros, farul, uwyinar sayveduradac
gaismis:
albaT, viqnebi sadgurSi droze.
Caqrnen RameSi Cardilni mTebisa.
Senze vifiqro Tu samSobloze?
gamxade Rirsi yuradRebisa.

daaxloebiT amave xanebSia dawerili isev marika eli-

avasadmi mimarTuli ori leqsi (`pirveli miZRvna~, `meore
miZRvna~). pirvelSi uaRresad faqizi damokidebulebaa
gamoxatuli – `SairiT trfoba, SairiT dagva~ da erTgvari
TviTgvemac igrZnoba (`Sens trfobas merCia, marili me-
Wama...~), magram bolo, mesame strofi naTels xdis, ramdenad
ubiwoa poetis siyvaruli:

es guli xom Senken qariviT iltvoda,

ar msurda siwmindis Selaxvac.
me Seni trfiali mindoda
da Seni bavSvobis Senaxvac.

`meore miZRvna~ ufro laRi da Tamamia. aq pirdapir aris

naTqvami, rom misi satrfo bavSvi aRaraa. veeba, tropikul
yvavilTan aris Sedarebuli qalwulis tani da iqve SemTxve-
viT rodia naxsenebi didi frangi mxatvari pol gogeni, visi
suraTebic gamokveTili dekoratiulobiT, mcxunvare, egzo-
tikuri ferebiT gamoirCeva: kunZul taitize wlobiT myofi
da iq momuSave ucnauri mxatvris moxmoba poets imisTvisac
dasWirda, raTa eCvenebina, esoden sasurveli arsebis gulis
monadireba ra gunzomlad Znelia. azris simwyobre da sada,
bunebrivi metyveleba rom ar dairRves, saTqmelic cxadi
38
gaxdes, umjobesi iqneba, es mcire moculobis leqsi mTli-
anad movitanoT:

Tvrameti weli da dasrulda bavSvis asaki:

tani yvavili, daxatuli TiTqos gogenis.
me, rogorc qisas, davatareb grZnobas gasakvirs
da arvin icis, ra fiqri da eSxi mogvelis!
msurs, movide da siyvaruliT mogealerso,
egeb am grZnobas siCumeSi Senac moeli.
magram ra giyo, Sen mZime xar Cemi leqsiviT
da amave dros taitiviT miuwvdomeli.

Tu ramdenad axlobeli da organuli gaxldaT simon Ci-

qovanis pirovnebisa da msoflmxedvelobisaTvis mxatvroba,
saamiso magaliTebis daZebna uxvad SeiZleba. gansakuTrebiT
esadageboda mis xedvasa da temperaments mark Sagalis Semoq-
medeba, visma genialurma tilomac (`me da sofeli~) mZlavri
biZgi misca simon Ciqovans ocian wlebi, daewera mravalmxriv
sayuradRebo leqsi `qalaqSi magondeba Cemi sofeli~. urba-
nistuli xedebis siWarbis Semdeg, bunebrivi iyo, poets so-
fluri idilia, patriarqaluri yofa monatreboda da swo-
red aq iCens Tavs Sagalis xsenebuli suraTis mkveTri xazebi,
metaforuloba, calkeul detalTa farTo planiT Cveneba:

miaxlovdeba suraTiviT Cemi sofeli,

afrindebian vaSlis xidan Wreli Citebi,
rtoze martoa Camomjdari Cemi mxmobeli
da dedaCemi Zroxas wvelis grZeli TiTebiT.

aseT Sexedulebas kidev ufro ganamtkicebs 1927 welsve

dawerili amave leqsis varianti (saTauri TiTqmis igivea:
`sofeli magondeba qalaqSi~), sadac pirdapiraa naTqvami:

me meCveneba, rom oTaxTan modis sofeli,

gapobil saxiT mivekvrebi, rogorc Sagali.

39
 simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi gamorCeuli adgili ukavia kaxe-
Tis Semodgomis TvalismomWrel silamazes (amaze Semdgomac
mogviwevs Tqma), mosavlis aRebis baraqas, roca irgvliv fe-
rebis eniT auwereli simdidrea. leqsSi `Semodgomis dila
kaxeTSi~ poeti flamandrieli ostatebis mxardamxar, ax-
senebs sezansa da firosmans. es dawyvileba yovelmxriv ga-
marTlebulia. firosmanisa da sezanis moxmoba, umTavresad,
imas isaxavs miznad, rom sityvaSi gacocxldes ori genialu-
ri mxatvris naturmortebi, Caumqrali, xasxasa ferebi, riTac
miRweulia araCveulebrivi sagnobrivi sicxade da amiT kaxur
Semodgomas sxva madli da naTeli efineba. ori udidesi os-
tatis gverdigverd dayeneba, maTi mxatvruli principebis
Tavisebureba, samyaros maTeuli Wvreta simon Ciqovanis war-
mosaxvaSi myarad rom ijda, amas msgavsi xasiaTisa da tona-
lobis sxva leqsic mowmobs:

da amexilvis xilTa qebaSi

firosmanis da sezanis Tvali.

poeziisa da mxatvrobis sayovelTaod cnobil siaxloves

roca aRniSnavda, deni didro werda: `poets Tavisi palitra
aqvs, romelsac igi iseve flobs, rogorc mxatvari Tavis fe-
rebs, niuansebs, tonebs. poets Tavisi funji da ostatoba
aqvs... enaSi igi yvelanair elfers eZebs; isRa darCenia, mxo-
lod Seumcdarad SearCios isini. mas aqvs Tavisi Suq-Crdili,
wyaro da wesebi, romlebic missave sulis siRrmeSia moTav-
sebuli~ (didro 1989: 151).
simon Ciqovans swored ostatis Tandayolili alRo,
utyuari geSi karnaxobda, ra da rogor SeerCia, raTa leq-
sis striqonebSi moqceuli sityvebisgan ferTa elvareba
damdgariyo.
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan maincdamainc mimzidvelad ver
gamoiyureba leqsebis mozrdili cikli svaneTze da es gana-
piroba poetis yalbma paTosma, ganzraxvam imisa, rom svanur
garemos, iqaur axalgazrdobas komkavSiruli suli STabe-
ros; urCevs maT Zveli, patriarqaluri yofis Secvlas (`aw vin
40
daamynis koSkze komunizms, Tu saZirkveli ar gamoscvaleT~).
sasurvel zemoqmedebas ver axdens omaxiani mowodebac: `ro-
binzonebo, kldeTa kunZulze, socialisturad ibrZoleT
mTebSi~. svaneTSi yofnisas poets TvalSi mosvlia axalgaz-
rda, gaTxovili, mimzidveli, eSxiani qali – ivdiTi; kidevac
uSurvelad amkobs mis moxdenil garegnobas (`iremi xar Tu
uSgulis Sveli~, `wablisferi xar da fexSiSveli~), magram
ivdiTis saxes rogorRac auferulebs dune, ugergilo Txro-
ba. am veeba leqsSi (`uSguli~) ramdenime strofi Tu moiZeb-
neba, simon Ciqovanis talantis Sesaferisa da amis magali-
Tebic aqve SeiZleba amoviweroT:

TiTqos win Sxara yinvis verZia,

daTvi Tu mova SxarasTan axlos,
mTaSi weraqviT yinuls ebrZvian
da wriapebiT ipyroben maRlobs.
....
mTebis krebuli galobas ityvis,
Cahyveba engurs Sxaras dideba,
ferdSi daWrili axteba jixvi
da kldeze rqebiT daekideba.

fSavSi mogzaurobis dRiurebad aRiqmeba sam nawilad

Cafiqrebuli `vaJa-fSavelas bilikebze~, sadac poets gamyo-
li axlavs da mTielTa Tqmulebebs uyveba, xalxuri balade-
bis gmirebs acnobs. winaswar unda iTqvas, rom simon Ciqova-
ni orive saxis rvamarcvlian SairSi, dabalSic da maRalSic,
jvaredin riTmas iyenebs, rac borkavs leqss, xelovnurobis
beWeds asvams, silaRes ukargavs. erTi, pirvelive strofis
motanac ikmarebs imis dasturad, rom riTmebiT aseTi orma-
gi datvirTva xels uSlis striqonTa Tavisufal mdinarebas,
boWavs leqsis sunTqvas:
mTaze asuli vakedan
diliT dixCoze gadavel.
kidev Sors aris aqedan
fSaur aragvis saTave.
41
 ukeTesad arc orwyalTan gadayrili naqeifari fSavelis
metyveleba JRers, meore nawilSi rom warmogvidgens poeti:

moRobils SigniiT cxori ars,

agre movemwyvdiT kldeebs Sua,
Sors Camorekes zari da
aragvze Suqi daeSva.

bunebis lamaz, dasamaxsovrebel suraTebs gadagviSlis

xevsurTa yofis amsaxveli leqsi `SemoRameba xaxmatSi~, sa-
dac yudia aludauri da sami RvTisoa gamoyvanili. poeti
cdilobs, maTi saubari aRadginos. amaTgan yudia barSi was-
vlisa da Sofrobis dauflebaze ocnebobs. roca mas Tvis-
tomebi SeekamaTebian, xaxmatSi Sofers ra esaqmebao, igi pa-
suxobs, rom xevsureTSi gamoiyvanen samanqano gzas.
am leqsSi aris erTi Zalze mimzidveli strofi, romelSic
aSkarad igrZnoba momavali simon Ciqovani, poeturi mety-
velebis WeSmariti ostati, visac zusti, xatovani Sedarebis
migneba emarjveba:

mwuxris Crdilebi mTebze midian,

stoveben mdelos, icvleba feri.
mwvervals mzis sxivi kentad hkidia,
rogorc isridan momtydari wveri.

am aCqarebulad moZravi, dinamiuri striqonebis wamkiTx-

vels gjera – uTuod aseTi iqneboda poetis TvaliT danaxu-
li xaxmati – `gmirTa Zveli bude~.
epikuri sidinjis friad saWiro unars avlens simon
Ciqovani did, poemasaviT gaSlil leqsSi `xevsuruli Zroxa~,
sadac Tavidan aRwerilia, rogor awiokebdnen Samilisdro-
indeli qistebi xevsurTa sofels (finalisken ki sul sxva
mdgomareobaa, axali, mSvidi cxovrebaa damkvidrebuli), me-
re ki naTqvamia, tanmorCili xevsuruli Zroxa ramdenad ba-
raqiania da uxvad iZleva rZes, erbo-karaqs, magram es leqsi
bolomde mainc ver amarTlebs Tavis sidides.
42
 wertili ki kargad aris moZebnili, bolo striqonebi
kravs, amTlianebs da sasurvel elfers aZlevs ramdenadme
gaWianurebul Txrobas:
kldeze dadgeba lamazi Zroxa
da daamSvenebs bunebis suraTs.

SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom hegels silamazis, mSve-

nierebis erT-erT gamovlinebad ferdobze Sefenili saqo-
neli miaCnda.
saerTo STabeWdilebas didad ver cvlis amave ciklis
darCenili ori leqsi (`roSkeli Zila~, `xevsuri cxenze~),
romelTaganac SeiZleba amoviweroT sayuradRebo, saxieri
da mimzidveli striqonebi (`jvrebiT Semkuli qarvisferi
kaba moiSore da dakide calke...~ `ubelo cxenze Serujul
kldidan mihqris da xramSi hqreba xevsuri~), magram Tavidan
bolomde movlili da daxvewili arc es leqsebia. amgvari
gancda xSirad gviCndeba simon Ciqovanis poeziis kiTxvisas.
am iolad SesamCnev nakls poeti Tavisebur gamarTlebas uZeb-
nis da saamisod meuRlis erT gamonaTqvams ivSveliebs:
`dRes miTxra marikam – leqsi rac unda kargi dawerili
iyos, Tu mas Sinagani saidumloeba ara aqvs, ar momwonso... es
mas arsad waukiTxavs. TviTon wamoscda. Zlier momwons. `Si-
nagani saidumloeba~ aris poeturoba. `Sinagani saidumloba~
aqvs Cems poezias. me mas yovelgvar defeqtebs vapatieb~
(Ciqovani 2012: 13).
es ukve gamokveTili poziciaa. simon Ciqovans sajaro
gamosvlebis drosac bevrjer uTqvams – leqss xorkli unda
dahyvebodes, striqonebis zedmetad gaSalaSineba, gapriale-
ba poezias klavs, sinedles arTmevs.
am Tvalsazrisis dadasturebaa poetis sxva Canaweri, sa-
dac igi uaryofiT damokidebulebas amJRavnebs gadametebu-
li ostatobis mimarT:
`garegnuli virtuozobis devnam qarTul poezias sulieri
simdidre daukarga~.
zogadad es sworia, magram ukiduresi yvelaferi sazianoa.
simon Ciqovanis leqsebSi xorkli, arcTu iSviaTad, zomaze
43
metia, rac mis mier mowonebul `Sinagan saidumloebas~ vnebs,
Crdils ayenebs. amis damadasturebeli magaliTebis sagange-
bod Zebnas aRar SevudgebiT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gzada-
gza movitanT.
sayovelTaod aris cnobili (es zemoTac aRvniSneT), rom
gasuli saukunis ocian wlebSi simon Ciqovani miekuTvne-
boda axalgazrda poetTa futuristul dajgufebas, ro-
melsac misma wevrebma `memarcxeneoba~ uwodes. `zaumisa~
da `orkestruli leqsalobis~ mimarT poetma Taviseburi
msxverpli gaiRo, zedmetad yuradRebas uTmobda sityvis
bgeriT aRnagobas, JReradobas. am periods Tavad `siymawvi-
lis borZikad~ ixseniebda. imis aRniSvnac gvmarTebs – simon
Ciqovani arasodes mowyvetia qarTuli mwerlobis erovnul
fesvebs da es sisxlismieri kavSiri, `memarcxeneobasTan~
Camocilebis Semdeg kidev ufro gaRrmavda.
poetis ojaxis axloblebisgan gamigia – mas Zalian swyin-
da, roca viRac-viRacebi ironiulad gauxsenebdnen fu-
turistul warsuls, qiliks iwyebdnen amis Taobaze. im
dros mas myarad Camoyalibebuli Sexeduleba hqonda poe-
tur xelovnebaze, gamosaxvis xerxebis specifikaze, riTac
igi xilul samyaros aRiqvamda da saTqmels cocxal moZrav
suraTebad kravda.
simon Ciqovans adreuli wlebidanve hyavda SerCeuli Ta-
visi wre, sasurveli garemo. TviTonve aqvs erTgan naTqvami,
rom axalgazrdobisas igi mxatvrebTan da msaxiobebTan ufro
megobrobda, vidre poetebTan. Teatris gansakuTrebuli si-
yvaruli hqonda da es, upirveles yovlisa, uSangi CxeiZesTan
da veriko anjafariZesTan uwyvet megobrobaSi gamoCnda;
orivesadmi aqvs miZRvnili leqsebi. Tavdapirvelad zog ra-
mes vityvi uSangi CxeiZeze daweril pirvel, ufro mozrdil
leqsze (1933), romelsac boloSi erTvis masalis mimaniSnebe-
li remarka – `Teatrze fiqriT~.
simon Ciqovanis es leqsi, rogorc araerTi sxva, ver aris
Tavidan bolomde gamarTuli, daxvewili, magram masSi uxvadaa
Zalze mZafri, Rrma azris damtevi striqonebi. leqsis adre-
44
sats poeti miiCnevs TanamebrZolad, mRelvare bedis mozi-
ared, oRond maT sxvadasxva sarbielze uwevT yofna:

SevxvdiT erTmaneTs am did saqmeSi

niRabebis da leqsis msaxuri.

Seqspiris ukvdavi tragediis urTules teqstTan Serki-

nebul megobars simon Ciqovani Seaxsenebs, Tu raoden Zneli
da sapatio misiis Sesruleba xvdaT maT wilad:

Cven dagvevala ara martivi

mxatvrul ferebiT, drois mxileba:
Sen artistulad gaSlil mantiiT,
me poeziis qartexilebTan.

aq yvelaferi moZraobaSi, dinamikaSia warmodgenili. wi-

namdebare leqsSi Tavs iCens simon Ciqovanis kidev erTi arse-
biTi Tviseba – xelSesaxebi konkretulobisaken midrekileba,
rodesac eswrafvis, rom sruliad aramaterialur movlenas
(aRtacebul mayurebelTa xangrZlivi ovacia) plastikuri
gamoxatuleba (piesis moqmedi piris wamosasxami) mouZebnos.
swored ase xdeba, roca igi msaxiobs erT-erTi mTavari rolis
triumfis gamo mgznebared mimarTavs:

scenis miRmidan gamogyva taSi

da rogorc plaSCi mogdevs uriels.

simon Ciqovanma icoda, xalibur foladiviT rom zrialeb-

da uSangi CxeiZis magiuri xma; albaT, axalgazrdobaSive, sanam
radioSi Caiwerdnen, waukiTxa megobarma genialuri balada,
Torem amave leqsSi ver ityoda `iWeqe, rogorc balada vefxis
da Sejaxeba mdinareebis~.
manamde moxmobilia paraleli evropis, kerZod, germaniis
Teatraluri bataliebidan, sadac avtoris ganswavluloba
Cans, magram es cota mouxeSavad, publicisturi tonalobiT
aris mowvdili:

45
 Cvenebr ebrZoda hamburgs lesingi,
germanul sulis aRdgenis mizniT.

aqvea daxatuli ramdenadme bohemuri, megobruli vaxSami

(advili warmosadgenia, rogori paeqroba gaimarTeboda da
ra cecxlovani sadRegrZeloebi warmoiTqmeboda), romel-
sac mosdevs Tumc misaxvedri, magram mainc CaxlarTuli
striqonebi, yurs rom examuSeba:

gariJraJis Jams CxubiT, siciliT,

viSlebodiT da vadgendiT gegmebs,
suni nivris da Semwvar wiwilis –
Sen dasZlie da niRabi Seqmen.

Rrma gancdiT, mtkivneulad aris naCvenebi genialuri msa-

xiobis piradi tragedia – scenidan misi naadrevi da samuda-
mo CamoSoreba, magram aqac bolomde ver aris SenarCunebu-
li ostatoba, esoden saWiro naWedoba, frazaTa harmoniuli
simwyobre:

xar darbeuli qariT urTxmeli

da daSvebuli StoebiT qvemoT.
................

aSkaraa – pirvel striqons mTlad moxdenilad ver ebmis

momdevno. aseTi daudevrobis Tavidan acileba simon Ciqova-
nisTana niWis poets, cxadia, SeeZlo, cota meti rom ezruna
leqsis teqnikurad daxvewaze.
saukeTeso biografiuli romanebis didad nayofierma av-
torma rostom CxeiZem axlaxan gamoaqveyna brwyinvale mcire
monografia uSangi CxeiZis ukiduresad dramatul, tragiku-
lad dasrulebul cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze (`gadamwvari
mze~, 2013), sadac gamoamJRavna didi msaxiobis sulis faruli
Sreebis wvdomis gasaocari unari.
rostom CxeiZe sagangebod ganixilavs simon Ciqovanis am
leqss da naTels fens erTi SexedviT paradoqsul gamonaT-
qvamebs. monografiis avtori leqsis adrindel, ufro fase-

46
ul variants akvirdeba da amave dros savsebiT marTalia,
roca migvaniSnebs, rom striqoni – `me Sen giwodeb scenis
jadoqars~ (aseTi ram saSualo niWis Jurnalistsac SeeZlo
daewera) – konkretulobas moklebulia, ar gamodgeba uSan-
gi CxeiZis mZlavri talantis warmosaCenad; amitomac poetis
gumanma igrZno, megobris mier virtuozulad Sesrulebuli
rolebi unda gaexsenebina da gaCnda mimarTva, sadac ganzrax
aris darRveuli saleqso sazomi, riTac saWiro aqcenti er-
Tiorad Zlierdeba: `Zmao hamlet, brZeno yvaryvare, bavSvo
uriel!~
am striqons mosdevs monografiis avtoris gakvirveba,
rac ufro moulodnelobiT aRZrul pirvel efeqts waagavs:
`es ra gamaognebel SesityvebebSi moqceula uSangi CxeiZis
rolebi da maTgan gamowveuli STabeWdilebani.
hamleti Zmad rom esaxeba poets, jer esec moulodnelia,
magram urielis sibavSve da sulac yvaryvares brZenoba???~
(`gadamwvari mze~, gv. 50).
TandaTan cxadi xdeba, rom es paradoqsuloba zedapiru-
li, moCvenebiTia da am Tavis bolos, sxva rameebTan erTad,
naCvenebia, rom nacarqeqiad, mkveTrad satirul personaJad
Cafiqrebul yvaryvares saxes uSangi CxeiZem momxiblavi li-
rizmi da sxvanairi siRrme SesZina, igi Tavis erT-erT sauke-
Teso rolad aqcia.
kote marjaniSvilis (igi misive aRzrdilma msaxiobebma
Teatridan gandevnes) Seumcdar alRos unda vumadlodeT,
rom man sandro JorJolianis avadmyofobis gamo yvaryvares
roli premieris winadRes swored uSangi CxeiZes miando da
manac warmoudgeneli, fantastikuri Zalisxmeva gamoiCina –
yvaryvares uberebeli niRabi erT dRe-RameSi moirgo.
yvaryvares mere manjaniSvils gadawyvetili hqonda
uSangi CxeiZe don kixotis rolSi eTamaSebina da rom ara
uZvirfasesi msaxiobis uecari sulierad gatexa, vin icis,
mayurebeli ra saswaulis momswre gaxdeboda.
Tu rogor fanatikurad uyvarda simon Ciqovans Teatri
sicocxlis bolomde, amis metyvel magaliTad gamodgeba
47
Cveni didad niWieri msaxiobisa da mwerlis gogi xaraba-
Zis cocxali mogoneba misi Zalze mimzidveli dokumenturi
moTxro-bidan `saxli rusTavelze~.
`rusTavelis Teatri saxelmwifo iyo saxelmwifoSi. iq
yofna, TamaSi did rames niSnavda...
sxva Zala hqonda, sxva dafaseba...
`mefe lirs~ sergo zaqariaZe TamaSobda. generalur repe-
ticiaze darbazSi mxolod erTi kaci ijda, simon Ciqovani.
– ki magram, batono sergo, batoni simoni xom sul ver xe-
davs, – daviwye moridebulad.
– ra dagemarTa, kaco, Sen! xo esmis! hoda, magas ro esmis,
sxvis xedvaze metia eg!
meore dRes sagrimioroSi Tavis sarkeze furceli gaakra,
romelzec simon Ciqovanis SeniSvnebi iyo Camowerili~ (`li-
teraturuli saqarTvelo~, 6 dekemberi, 2013, gv. 8).
ramdeni ramis mTqmelia es amaRelvebeli epizodi. aq isic
aRsaniSnia, rom sergo zaqariaZes uSangi CxeiZe msaxiobis ide-
alad miaCnda, aRmerTebda da am moTxrobis avtorma kargad
icis maTi uguliTadesi megobrobis ambavi.
erT wyebas simon Ciqovanis adrindeli, eqsperimentuli
xasiaTis leqsebisa aerTianebs calke cikli `orkestruli
leqsaloba~. aq, alag-alag, ukiduresobamdea miyvanili
bgerweruli feierverkebi. poeti Warbad iyenebs misTvis
mSobliur megrul leqsikas, riTac am Tavisebur cdebs eg-
zotikuri elferi eZleva. aseTebia: `qarboria~, `mekameCee-
bis urmuli~, `sidu~ (nawilobriv), `cira~, `sanapiro simRe-
ra `xabo~... poeti garkveul ganwyobilebas ki qmnis, magram
striqonTa did nawilSi raime mwyobri azris, Sinaarsis Zebna
ar iqneboda gamarTlebuli. yovelive es Tanmimdevrul, lo-
gikur metyvelebas ar emorCileba. STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom
wamosrolilia calkeuli, gamokveTilad JReradi sityvebi
da maT Soris kavSiris damyarebaze avtori naklebad zrunavs.
ise Cans, rom poetma Taviseburad moikla axalgazrduli
Jini, roca TanxmierebiT ucnaurad dawyvilebuli sityvebis
tevrSi laRad ganavardebis ufleba misca Tavs. mogvianebiT
48
cdilobda suraTi xmasTan Seexamebina, magram upiratesad
igi mainc ferweruli metaforebis ostatad darCa, rac li-
teraturaTmcodneebs aRuniSnavi ar darCeniaT.
`orkestruli leqsalobidan~ artistizmiTa da sityvis
magiuri flobiT gamoirCeva veriko anjafariZisadmi miZR-
vnili `cira~, sadac adresatis ymawvilqalobis garemoa
daxatuli. Soreulad ismis megruli simReris melodia; `ba-
disa~ da `baidebis~, `mdinaris piras cxenebis~ xseneba kolxur
yofas acocxlebs (visac mousmenia, exsomeba, rogori gulSi
Camwvdomi lirizmiTa da Rrma gancdis kiTxulobs Tavad
veriko anjafariZe am leqss). mimzidveli garegnobis kolx
gogonad, cirad warmodgenili gamoCenili msaxiobis gamo-
metyveleba, iersaxe marjved warmoCndeba, roca naxsenebia
`warbi~ da amas mosdevs masTan mibmuli, Zalze eqspresiuli
sityva `warbenili~.
poeti mTlianadaa mindobili sityvebis musikas, gamZaf-
rebuli gumaniT arCevs yovel maTgans da Cvenc sxva araferi
dagvrCenia, garda imisa, rom aseve gansjis gareSe mivendoT
Tavawyvetil striqonTa nebaze miSvebul Wenebas.
bade baidebs,
bude baidebs,
cira muxlebze gulfiltvs daidebs,
aida-baidebs, aido baidebs,
cira ciba, cira warbi,
cira warbi, warbenili.
cakuTxuri, cakuTxedi, xidbogiri.
odeliodo bude,
odeliodo ca,
mdinaris piras cxenebis mocda.
cira Sindi,
Sors baidiT gadafrindi.
ude bude,
udevs bade
da baidebs
obadebi abadia.
49
 am Sesavali nawyvetis moxmobac sakmarisia, virwmunoT,
rom simon Ciqovani saucxood flobda fonetikurad monaTe-
save sityvebis erTmaneTze gadabmis xelovnebss. `ciras~ si-
cocxlisunarianobaze, cxovelmyofelobaze mtyvelebs isic,
rom man sasurveli gamoZaxili hpova daviT weredianis erT-
erT umSvenieres leqsSi `variaciebi simon Ciqovanis Temaze:
cira~, oRond aq burusi, bundovaneba naklebia da riTmaTa
wyvilebic ufro klasikur CarCoSia Casmuli. TviT leqssac
ukve svanuri ieri dahkravs (samegrelo da svaneTi xom isedac
esazRvrebian erTmaneTs), rac araviTar SeuTavseblobas ar
qmnis. `cirasTan~ meti kavSiri am leqsis Sua nawils aqvs da
Cven mis motanas davjerdebiT:

aido baidebs,
ilmodi alvilTa piras.
aido baidebs,
giSrebiT
Sakrebis emiT.
es dila civia,
cremliRa kiafobs, cira,
cremliRa kiafobs,
visia, Seni Tu Cemi?
(werediani 2012: 25)

sxvanairad, aseT SemTxvevebs `poetebis megobrul gadaZa-

xilsac~ uwodeben da poeziis ukvdavebas isic ganapirobebs,
rom droiT daSorebul epoqebs Soris kavSiri ar wydeba.
amis Semdeg ufro bunebrivi iqneba, mivadgeT simon Ci-
qovanis im poetur qmnilebebs, mSobliuri kuTxis peizaJebi-
Ta da Taviseburi yofiT rom aris STagonebuli. ferweruli
saxeebis siuxviT gamoirCeva didi, sam nawilad dayofili da
kompoziciurad marjved Sekruli leqsi `samegrelos saR-
amoebi~, sadac gacocxlebulia poetisTvis yrmobidanve
nacnobi dauviwyari sanaxebi. mSvenieria pirvelive strofi,
romelSic mzis Casvlis ulamazesi, TvalismomWrel ferebad
aelvarebuli suraTia daxatuli:
50
 zRvaze mze dadga, rogorc iremi,
alanda rqebi molurjo brolSi,
alvebi, rogorc turfa cirebi,
daiss elian samegreloSi.

irmis metaforul nairsaxeobas poeti xSirad iyenebs

xolme da aq cecxlovani mnaTobis borjRala sxivebi xar-
laRis gantotil rqebTanaa Sedarebuli. aseve bunebrivi da
uSualoa ukanaskneli sxivebiT Seferili, zRvaurze laRad
moSriale alvebis cirebTan, tankenar kolx qaliSvilebTan
Sedareba.
aseTi momxiblavi tropebi xsenebul leqsSi mravladaa mi-
mobneuli (`mze ixreba da bunebis kari iReba. Rebavs baRebs
da mindvrebs...~); sulCadgmul peizaJebs pastoraluri pasa-
Jebi enacvleba – vxedavT, rogor ZagZagebs xis bogiri sa-
qonlis gadavlisas, xolo mejogeebs dageSili ZaRlebi mis-
deven. uneburad dagidgeba Tvalwin genialuri breigelis
funjiT warmosaxuli mdinarispira niderlanduri sofeli,
sadac saZovridan dabrunebuli, saxremomarjvebuli Ron-
ieri mwyemsebi ferdebganier, aWrelebul Zroxebs miereke-
bian. aq ki Suaguli samegreloa. nabalaxari, rZeCamdgari
Zroxebi ezoebTan bRavian, muqlurji kameCebi motopaven
mwvane, xavsmodebul WaobSi. SeRamebis momnusxavi ferebic
mwyobrad da xelSesaxebad lagdeba gobeleniviT moqsovil
tiloze (`bindia mSvidi da mosaridi zRvis SeJRalebul mar-
mariloze~).
marTalia, poeti SigadaSig xarks uxdis socialistur yo-
fas, sakolmeurneo Sromis SemarTebas, alag-alag sariTmo
wyvilebic moikoWlebs (mindvrebs – sxivebs; midamos – eda-
vos), magram sabolood yvelafers gadaswonis soflad
datrialebuli baraqa, `agvistos dovlaTi~. erTi ram kia
mounelebeli, saSinlad guldasawyveti – matareblisgan
damfrTxali batebis gundi (TavisTavad mSvenieri suraTi)
naRvelis momgvrelia, vinaidan am leqsSi naxsenebi oCamCire
(kolxuri peizaJis ganuyofeli nawili), sadac kiviliT Sedis
51
orTqlmavali, amJamad saqarTvelos sxeulidan boroti Za-
lis mier aris mtaceblurad moglejili da gaucxoebuli.
simon Ciqovanma jer kidev ocdaaTiani wlebidan Semoi-
tana qarTul leqsTwyobaSi Taviseburi siaxle – strofSi
Segnebulad enacvlebian erTmaneTs araTabaramarcvlovani
striqonebi da es aranair disharmonias ar iwvevs, piriqiT,
amdidrebs, amravalferovnebs leqsis musikas. aseTi gamor-
Ceuli sazomiT aris dawerili, magaliTad, winamdebare
kolxuri ciklis erTi leqsi (`walenjixa~, 1931), romelSic
gasaocari siTboTi da siyvaruliTaa daxatuli megruli
ojaxis kar-midamo, bavSvobidanve gagonili samkurnalo
mcenaris foTolic ki saTuTad aris moxseniebuli. am laRi
striqonebis wakiTxvisas umal gailandeba lurji cis fonze
amayad amarTuli samegrelos daTovlili mTebi, svaneTs rom
emijneba:
Tavze madgas Tovlis jiRa,
Cemi saxli wuTisoflis boloSia.
magondeba mwvane walenjixa,
Seni ezo, oSoSa Tu oSoSia.

kolxuri ciklis saukeTeso leqsad unda CaiTvalos `ni-

Jaris saferfle~, romelsac avtoris siyrmis sanukvar oc-
nebebs ukavSirdeba da romelSic iSviaTi ostatobiT aris
gacocxlebuli tkbilmoubari, mwignobari bebias saxe. yove-
lives win uZRvis miniaturuli gedis sxeulis moyvanilobis
TeTri niJara, odesRac zRvis fskeridan amotanili, Semdgom
ojaxSi saferfled rom iyenebs. dinji intonacia Tavidanve
sasaubro kilos iTxovs, magram mere da mere, Txrobis kval-
dakval, poetis xmas mRelvareba etyoba. Sedarebebi pirdapir
aris moxmobili, damxmare sityvaTa gareSe:

magidaze devs niJara TeTri,

saferfle, zRvaSi naxuli winaT –
kolxideli da uyelo gedi,
zurgiT mwolare da pawawina.

52
 aqve CamoTvlilia `fanjarasTan CrdiliviT mdgari~
gamzrdeli bebias xelSenaxebi sagnebi (`saTvale, Razli,
TefSze xorbali...~), riTac ixateba ukiduresad mokrZalebu-
li amagdari winapris saxe. moxuci stiqiis dawynarebas, qaris
Cadgomas ucdis, anTebul, moRuRune buxarTan SviliSvils
zRaprebi da uZvelesi gadmocemebi rom mouTxros. striqon-
Ta Soris sacnauria faqizi, bunebrivi gadasvlebi. niJaraze
SerCenili ferfli winaswar migvaniSnebs Cveni miTologi-
uri gmiris, amiranis Camqral cecxlze, anu Tavisuflebis da-
kargvaze. es aris Cveni, saukuneebSi gamotarebuli, sawuxari,
monobas, borkilebs rom davaRwioT Tavi. amiranis Tqmulebis
SemoWra leqss dramatizms matebs. bebia krialosans marc-
vlavs da axlo warsulis poetTa qmnilebebs acnobs ymawvils,
riTac mTeli gardasuli epoqa cocxldeba.

awkarunebda bebia qarvas

an WriWinebda skami selisa.
mofrTxialebdnen leqsebi wynarad
gugunavas da gurielisa.

vis ar gamoucdia – yurze midebuli niJara zRvis talRe-

bis dagubebul, idumal Srials gamoscems da poetic marjved
iyenebs am sakvirvel Tvisebas; igi darwmunebulia – molus-
kis mkvriv safarvelSi amiranis suli SfoTavs da kavkasionis
kldeze mijaWvuli gmiris mravalsaukunovani mRelvareba
masac gadaecema:

maSin viRebdi niJaras zRvisas,

Sig amiranis suli mReroda.
yurSi guguni mesmoda misi
da zRvaze Relva meCveneboda.

amiranis motivma janyi, siboboqre Semoitana leqsSi,

zRvauris daudegari sunTqva moiyola; saferfled qceuli
niJara, romelsac Cveulebriv, yavisferi laqebi dahyveba,
ucnaur metamorfozas ganicdis, vefxvis sxeulze gadaWi-
mul zolebad iqceva:
53
 oTaxSi iyo talRis xmauri
da vefxvis tyavad niJara ecva.

swored es `talRis xmauri~ afeTebda, mosvenebas ukargav-

da moxucs da saferfle sxvenSi ahqonda, raTa SviliSvilis-
Tvis niJaraSi gamomwyvdeuli SfoTva da gniasi aecilebina.
zamTarSi, `didTovlobisas~ gasclia bebia codvil qve-
yanas, TovlSive gauWres `civi samare~, magram STamomavlis
mexsierebas SemorCa misgan mosmenili sibrZne, tkbilqarTu-
li hangebi, ramac es mravlismetyveli, Rrma azrebis damtevi
leqsi daawerina.
ciklis pirvel leqsSi (`samegrelos saRamoebi~) iremad
warmosaxul, zRvaSi Cakidul mzes `niJaris saferflis~ fi-
nalur strofSi ganaxlebuli, WaobebdamSrali, walkotad
gardaqmnili kolxida enacvleba da amiT rkali bunebrivad
ikvreba, mTliandeba:

kolxida dadga didebis zRvaze,

baRi moertya napirs olarad
da devs saferfle Cems magidaze,
kolxur qarebis mosagonarad.

advili misaxvedria, rom TeTri niJaridan amoWrili da

sivrceSi ganfenili, moriale qarebi poets ganaxlebis, moZ-
raobis, Tavisuflebis, sicocxlis simbolod esaxeba.
Tbilisis Tema organulad Semodis simon Ciqovanis Semoq-
medebaSi da mraval leqsSia ganawilebuli, fesvgadgmuli.
poeti yvelaze metad esiyvaruleba mtkvars, Cvens deda mdi-
nares; mas fexdafex mosdevs `mesxeTis qari~, romelmac ukan
moitova kldeSi gamokveTili gansacvifrebeli qalaqi var-
Zia, Cauara wundas lerwmebs, mwvane talRebSi airekla awyu-
ris da Tmogvis cixeebi da bolos, TbilisSi Semovardnilma,
Suaze gaapo sataxto qalaqi.
xsenebul ciklTan (`mtkvris xeobaSi~, `mtkvris sanapiro~,
`gazafxuli mtkvris piras~, `nawvimari~, `Tbilisis Rame~,
`Tbiliseli meTevze~, `meTevzis stumroba~) araerTi moxde-

54
nili tropis amowera SeiZleboda. WeSmarit simaRles simon
Ciqovanma mainc zamTris Tbilisze daweril im leqsSi miaR-
wia (`Tbilisis Tovli~, 1956), sadac mTeli simZafriT aris
gamoTqmuli sawuTrosTan gardauvali ganSorebiT gamowve-
uli tragizmis grZnoba, magram aq mosatani striqonebi an-
derZiviT JRers da, amasTanave, WeSmariti lirkisaTvis da-
maxasiaTebeli sisaTuTec ar aklia:

Cemi sisxlia TovlSi CaRvrili,

mainc TeTria Tovlis fifqebi.
Seni yeli var, Seni sayviri
da Seni fesvic male viqnebi.

`Tbilisis Tovli~ roca dawera, poets aTi wlis sicocx-

le hqonda darCenili da am leqsis pirvelsave strofSi (igi
zemoT moxmobil finalurs musikaluri JReradobiT da
idumali ZafebiTac ukavSirdeba), sadac fafuki fifqebi
yvavilebTanaa Sedarebuli, igrZnoba gazafxulis natvra da
moaxloebuli sikvdilis sunTqva:

TovlSi Tbilisi uturfesia,

ylortze nazia Tovlis fifqebi.
mTebze vardebi damiTesia,
Tumca mkrefeli me ar viqnebi.

zamTris Tvalwarmtaci, kriala peizaJebi sakmaod uxvadaa

mimobneuli simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi da metwilad siwmindis
gamoxatulebad, sofluri garemos gaxsenebad aRiqmeba.
am ciklis erT-erT leqsSi (`Tovli~) ufaqizesad da, amave
dros, sadad aris daxatuli zamTris zRapruli silamaze,
momxiblaoba, roca erTianad gadaTeTrebuli vel-mindvrebi
usasrulo sivrceSi gasaWrelad gixmobs, sicocxlis JiniT
gavsebs:
gareT uricxvi Tovlis bewvia,
cidan frialebs, TeTrdeba bari.
megobariviT Tovli mewvia
da Sors meZaxis marxilis zari.
55
 poetis maxvil mzeras itacebs Tovlis kristalebis
brwyinva, maTi marTlac rom idumali, simetriuli aRnagoba,
fifqebis ucnauri msgavseba caSi mociale varkvlavebTan da
gaognebuli Cerdeba sayvareli arsebis WirxliT mooWvil
fanjarasTan, romelSic brdRviala sanTels Sedarebuli,
gaCiraRdnebuli naZvis xe moCans. es mTrTolvare lirikuli
aRsareba, satrfos rainduli moferebis garda, bunebis sa-
ocrebaTa qeba, misi mouxelTebeli mSvenierebis himnicaa:

mindoda fifqi mec Semenaxa,

nebze damesva varskvlavis Targi.
SenTvis momeZRvna da Sen genaxa,
rogor kankalebs bunebis hangi.

aseTive mSvidi ganwyobilebaa gamoxatuli zamTarze da-

weril sxva mSvenier leqsSi `molodini~, sadac SewiTlebuli
cis mxilveli poeti gumaniT grZnobs, rom unda moTovos da
winaswar Zerwavs nairgvar suraTebs, fantelebis uxvad cve-
nas rom unda mohyves:

amaRam Tovli spetak bewvebad

an varkvlavebad dacviva gareT,
moqargavs sarkmels, moxatavs karebs,
spetak ezoSi papac gvewveva,
Sors marxilebi dareken zarebs,
moixmobs Tovli susxian qarebs,
tyeSi rtoebic daileweba.

amave leqsSi Zalumad ismis saTamaSod gamoSlili bavS-

vebis Jriamuli, suros Seseuli SaSvebis WaxWaxi... poets ar
aviwydeba myudro oTaxi, siTboc, naZvis xesTan xataura katis
dinjad Cavla da aqve mSobliuri soflis daTovlili mida-
moebi axsendeba.
momdevno leqsi – `babua~ – uSualod TeTrwvera winapars
eZRvneba, mis dauviwyar portrets xatavs isev da isev zam-
Tris fonze da igoneba misgan ymawvilobaSi mosmenil ucnaur
56
zRapars Winkebze, cxenebs gaSlili fafars rom uwnavdnen da
axelebdnen.
simon Ciqovani mZafrad SeigrZnobda Tavisi cxovrebis
calkeul monakveTebs, xedavda mijnebs, rac erT periods
meorisgan ganacalkevebda. swored es gancdaa gadmocemuli
mis cnobil usaTauroSi, axalgazrdobasTan gamoTxovebad
rom aRiqmeba da Sualeduri drois moqnil, xatovan daxasi-
aTebs gvTavazobs:

aris siyrmes da simwifes Soris

Sesvenebis da simorcxvis Jami,
frTamotexili SegrCeba qori,
jamSi CaSreba spetaki Sxami.

es ymawvilur ocnebaTa msxvrevis asakia; gadayviTlebu-

la nairferi yvavilebiT moCiTuli mdelo da haers zamTris
susxi datyobia. poeti lamobs simorcxvis, modunebis pe-
riodi gadalaxos. ar unda, mowyvetil foTols daemgvanos,
ver iokebs mRelvare temperaments da qariSxlis siboboqres
mieltvis:

es Jami ganvvle, davkarge feri,

veli daWkna da baRSiac moTovs.
minda miwaze cxovreba Cemi,
hgavdes qariSxals da ara foTols.

asedac mixda – zozins, Tavis momabezrebel umoqmedobas

simon Ciqovanis daudgromeli, niadag maZiebeli suli ver
Seurigdeboda; igi sicocxlis bolomde mebrZolad, siaxlis
damamkvidreblad darCa da es ara marto poeziaSi, mis brwyin-
vale literaturul werilebSic gamovlinda.
simon Ciqovani mudam xazgasmul mowiwebasa da Tayvanis-
cemas amJRavnebda saqarTvelos gmiruli istoriis mimarT
da warsulisadmi aseTi midgoma totalitaruli reJimis pi-
robebSi, arc ise ioli saqme gaxldaT.
57
 amgvari amaRlebuli, keTilSobiluri damokidebulebebis
gamomxatvelia misi leqsebis Zalze Zlieri cikli `winapre-
bi~. sulis amaforiaqebeli STagonebis nayofia pirvelive
mozrdili leqsi `miZRvna varZiis ostatisadmi~, usaxelod
gamqrali, ucnobad darCenili genialuri xuroTmoZRvris
qebaTa-qebad rom gaismis. Tavidanve igrZnoba uCveulo sim-
Zafre, dinamiuroba da samxreT saqarTvelos grandiozu-
li landSaftic uecrad gadaiSleba, Cvenc vxedavT poetis
TvaliT danaxul `sakvirvelebas~:

gauqmebuli, viT saxareba,

............................
kldeze ekida varZiis kari.
ze Canda fiqri da gaqaneba,
qveS – xeobaSi SeWrili qari.

wminda wignis, saxarebis, `gauqmebulad~ moxsenieba

epoqis realur suraTs warmogvidgens, rac SeuZlebelia,
simon CiqovanisTana didi kulturisa da Rrma gancdis, wmin-
da zneobis pirovnebisaTvis sasixarulo yofiliyos. aseTi-
ve suraTi mis erT adrindel leqsSic (`gza sabWoeTSi~, 1927)
gvxvdeba, oRond iq TviT uflis saydaria moridebulad,
naRvlianad warmosaxuli (`mcire maRlobze dabinduli Cans
eklesia, gauqmebuli da yanaSi morcxvad SeWrili~).
varZiis sworupovar ostats poeti TanamedrovesaviT ex-
mianeba da aq aSkarad igrZnoba TaobaTa uwyveti, sisxlismieri
kavSDiri. am leqsSi TviT Sedarebebsac plastikuri ieri aqvs,
saSeni masalis, qvis, gamZleoba da simkvrive dahyveba, poeti
lamobs, varZiis Semoqmedis terfis anabeWdebi gaacocxlos:

gavda lodebi gadmomsxdar talRebs

da talRebs aCnda nafexurebi.

Tamaris epoqis fantastikuri Zeglis Semxedvares, TviT

Tamaris freskis, kldeSi gamokveTili zRapruli TaRebisa
da varZiis macocxlebeli wyaros mxilvels, SeuZlebeli iyo
58
ar gaxseneboda `vefxistyaosani~, vis avtorTanac Sefaru-
lad aris Sedarebuli usaxelod darCenili xuroTmoZRvris
zRvardaudebeli, qariSxliseburi genia:

rogorc rusTvelis erTi striqoni,

varZiis wyaros kamkami vnaxe
da me vigrZeni, Seni cikloni
rogor iRebda darbazis saxes.

poeti wuxs didi Semoqmedis bedze, fiqrobs, rogorc momx-

dara, egeb Suris gamo marjvena mokveTes da dabadeba awyev-
lines. namdvil apoTeozad gaismis leqsis finali, bednierad
mignebuli bolo wertili, riTac am gansacvifrebeli qm-
nilebis damtovebels da Tavad usaxelod gamqrals, samudamo
Saravandedi adgeba:

mZlavri fiqrebi qvaze aqarge.

qvaze daRvare sulis naRveli.
radgan saxeli ukve dakarge,
varZia iyos Seni saxeli.

cnobilia, raoden Rrmad iyo Caxeduli simon Ciqovani

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ analebSi da ramdenad mtkivneulad
ganicdida igi Soreul warsulSi Cveni samSoblos dacemasa
da gaCanagebas, saukuneobiT rom grZeldeboda. es tragiku-
li periodebi gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavad aris asaxuli
or saanTologio leqsSi: `wigni JamTaaRmwerlisa: TaTarTa
Semoseva~ da wigni JamTaaRmwerlisa: gvanca~.
pirvel maTganSi mTeli simZafriTaa naCvenebi monRol-
Ta urdoebis mier daundoblad gaTelili da gadabuguli
saqarTvelo. mematianis striqonebidanaa gadmoRebuli `fa-
Satis xorciT gamZRari~ monRolis garegnuli xti (`kaci
Tvalmcire, Wvriti da greman~), vinc gzadagza yvelafers
lewavs da iavaryofs (`cxenze Semjdara Savi aCrdili da
floqviT iwyebs koSkebis ngrevas~). poets Tavidanve iseTi
SegrZneba uCndeba, rom TviT misi sxeulic dfliTes yiJiniT
SemoWrilma velurebma.
59
 me gadvikiTxav JamTaaRmwerels,
msurs sxva warsuli vixilo SigniT,
vpoveb isrebiT miwas daserils
da mongoliviT damCexavs wigni.

aq gaielveben koxtas SeTqmulebis monawileni, iaraRas-

xmul qarTvel didebulTa aCrdilebi, cotne dadianis gamo-
Cenas rom elodebian. miniSnebulia maT umZimes gansacdelze
da TviT leqsidan modenili naxanZrali, trusis suni gviw-
vavs nestoebs:

striqons exveva kvamli koconis,

SeTqmul koxtaze ecema cixe.
mongolTa laSqars, mTaze mowolils,
moaqvs aziis tramalis sicxe.

leqsis bolos mainc Wiatobs imedis sxivi, qarTveloba ver

urigdeba monobas, ar kargavs mxneobas, raTa erSi ar Cakvdes
Tavisuflebis suli (`mainc furclebSi viRaca mReris, rom
uCinarad adidos xalxi~).
es imedi TiTqos Zlierdeba marjved mofiqrebul finalur
strofSi, sadac, amave dros, warmoCenilia maSindeli saqar-
Tvelos arasaxarbielo x-vedri roca qarTveli ufliswule-
bi monRolTa ganmgebels unda xlebodnen:

am galiaSi arwivi budobs,

surs gamocvalos mReriT amindi.
da Sav mernebiT toveben urdos
SoTa kupri da ulu daviTi.

bolo – ori striqoni, ramdenadme saxeSecvlilad, meor-

deba momdevno leqsis finalSi, sadac poetis naTqvams ufro
tragikuli, ganwirulobis, sibeCavis elferi eZleva: `da wel-
moxrilni urdos midian daviT ulu da sargis jayeli~.
maxsovs da meZvirfaseba arCil sulakauris aRtaceba, am
didostaturad moZebnil finals rom mosdevs:

60
 `siWabukobidanve mxiblavda es gansacvifrebeli suraTi.
am or striqonSi vxedavdi monRolTa batonobis mTel pano-
ramas, TiTqmis metic ar mWirdeboda, rom megrZno im epoqis
saSineli simZime, Tanac es yvelaferi mowmisa da TvaliTmxil-
velis mier gancdilis iluzias qmnis (Ciqovani 2004: 26).
am leqsSi raWis erisTavTa asulis, ulumazesi gvanca
dedoflis gulsaklavi aRsasrulia gaxsenebuli, mware xved-
ri kalmiT naxati qalisa, vinc bijnisSi tyved myofi Tavad
ixila qarTvelTa mefem ulu daviTma, magram `avagis col-
yofils~, qvrivs, visi dauflebac, leqsis avtoris varaudiT,
TviT monRolTa mrisxane noins ewada (`egeb getrfoda Tvi-
Ton CaRatar?~), veraferi eSvela.
poeti ise uSualod, mtkivneulad ganicdis saukuneTa
miRma daRupuli didgvarovani qarTveli qalis beds, TiTqos
TvalebSi Sescqeris mematianis xeliT aRweril mSvenierebas,
mterTagan Tavis mokveTas rom elodeba:

furclebze brwyinavs qali almasi,

keras moswyda da samcxeSi gnaxe.
tani kenari, mxrebi lamazi
da mongolebiT SemkrTali saxe.

simon Ciqovani ocnebaSi warmoidgens, rom raWaSi, rionis

napiras dabadebuli erisTavis qali, SesaZloa, mis adreul
winapars Sexvedroda mezobel samegreloSi da daaxloebo-
da. warmosaxvaSi gaCenili Tvalwarmtaci suraTi mwyobr
striqonebad lagdeba:

egeb raWaSi aRzrdili saro,

Cemi winapris iyav dobili.
faziss amkobda Tvalebis wyaro
da – nawnavebi leqsad wyobili.

vin moTvlis, ramden aseT sxivmosil qarTvel qals, tyved

ayvanils da samSoblodan gatacebuls, ucxo miwaze daub-
61
neles mze mtarvalebma. simon Ciqovanma erTi maTgani, gvanca
dedofali, saukuneTa Semdgom, gulmxurvaled daitira.
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi aSkarad gamoirCeva mozrdili
leqsi `Teimuraz pirveli~ (igi poemadac SeiZleba CaiTva-
los), sadac xelSesaxebi sicxadiTa da Rrmad adamianuri
TanagrZnobiT aris daxatuli kaxeTis mamaci da uiRblo
mefe, vinac cxovrebaSi auracxeli Wir-varami gadaitana
da bolos tyveobaSi myofi, sparseTis Sahis mier abuCad
agdebuli, amazrzenad damcirebuli, 1663 wels astrabadis
cixeSi gardaicvala.
Sexnierebuli mefe briala ferebiT anTebuli kaxur Se-
modgomis fonzea warmosaxuli da uzomod naRvliani So-
reTidan akvirdeba mSobliur kuTxes. Caesmis masaviT beberi
nagazis yefa da mis saamo, salxinod Semkobil gremis sasax-
lesac ZaZebi mosavs. `Teimuraz pirvelis~ avtori aq Zalze
moxdenil xerxs iyenebs. saukuneTa siRrmidan ulamazesi
frinveli mofrTxialebs da droTa Soris kavSiri ibmeba:
TviT mefe poets xelT upyria misive leqsebi, ramac yvelaze
metad gamostaca daviwyebas, vinaidan marjved moqneuli da
Tavis adgilas Casmuli sityva (amis Zali ki uTuod Seswevda
Teimurazs – mis striqonebs naWedoba, simkvrive ar aklda)
yvela sasaxlesa da nagebobaze gamZlea:

gaaRebs sarkmels. Walidan gvriti

gadmofrindeba JamTasvlis aqeT.
beri mgosani leqsis WogritiT
Soridan uWvrets wlevandel kaxeTs.

leqss Tavidan bolomde gasdevs epikuri kilo, dinji mdi-

nareba. mefes bunebis siuxve siamovnebs, nadirobis siyrmi-
danve nacnobi, mimzidveli suraTebic gaielvebs mis Tvalwin
da es kidev metad anaRvlebs gauxarel warsulSi CarCenils:

Semodgomaa – ityvis sawyali –

yurZeni blomad, komSic ramdeni.
kaxeTis caze isev cocxali
mihqris mimino da Savardeni.
62
 simon Ciqovanis niWs, ferweruli saxeebisadmi Tandayo-
lil midrekilebas yvelaze farTo gasaqani swored am leqsSi
mieca da manac mTeli sisavsiT, uSurvelad gamoavlina Tavisi
mdidari SesaZleblobani, iseve rogorc funjis ostatma,
Seumcdarad mouZebna adgili `moJriamule feradebs~, har-
moniulad ganalaga isini:

yviTels da wiTels, qarvas da xaSxaSs

gaaqvs JrJola da ismis sayviri.
Tvalebs aumRvrevs gadmomdgar vaJkacs
Wreli foTlebi da cis napiri.

ferebis aseTi Tavbrudamxvevi mozRvaveba, rac Teimuraz

mefis TvalTaxedvis areSia moqceuli, poetma siWabukeSi
Tavadac ganicada da es kvlav kaxeTis zRaprul Semodgomas
ukavSirdeba, im dros, rodesac `gomboris Semodgoma~ (1958)
daiwera. es leqsic gvarwmunebs, rom alisfrad mobriale
foTlovanSi RvinobisTvis Jams moxvedrili poetis palitra
odnavadac ar gaRaribebula da saamisod ikmarebs Tundac
erTi strofi, romlidanac uCveulod dinamiuri da sulCad-
gmuli suraTi moCans:

mTaSi wiwibos farda wifeli,

tyes ar SeeZlo WaRebSi Tvlema
da momeCvens yviTel-wiTeli
tyeSi SeWrili cxenebis rema.

simon Ciqovanis Semoqmedebis saukeTeso mcodne, Tay-

vanimsmcemeli, Cveni didad niWieri literatori guram
asaTiani swored am leqss gulisxmobda, roca Tavis Zalze
mniSvnelovan, eseisturi aRnagobis werilSi sagangebod
aRniSnavda:
`mis mier warmosaxul bunebis suraTebSi Segnebulad
SerCeuli mkveTri saRebavebi TiTqos kivian, erTmaneTs ebr-
Zvian, awydebian da amgvarad sruliad sxva xasiaTis ganwyo-
bilebebs aRZraven mkiTxvelis sulSi.
63
 damaxasiaTebelia am mxriv poetis erT-erTi ukanaskneli
drois leqsi `gomborze gadasvla~, sadac Semodgomis ferTa
Widili wiTel-yviTeli cxnebis dafeTebul remasTan aris Se-
darebuli~ (asaTiani 1977: 369).
isev unda mivubrundeT mefe Teimurazis tanjul pirovne-
bas, visac simon Ciqovanis leqsSi momarjvebuli aqvs `Siraz-
Si daWedili Sairi~ da, SeuZlebelia, imave SirazSi boroti
Sahis mier uRvTod nawamebi dedamisi, mTel msoflioSi wmin-
danad Seracxili qeTevan dedofali ar gaixsenos. aq mxolod
miniSnebulia saSinel tragediaze, magram aSkarad igrZnoba,
ramdeni autaneli tkiviliTaa daserili mefis mowyluli
guli:
uTqmeli damrCa bevri nawyveti
yrmoba davkarge, Cakvda siame
da mgloviare dedis cacxvebi
me maxseneben sparsul yiameTs.

bunebiT gorozi, mediduri poeti wers, rom misi mefoba

daviwyebuli aqvT (`aRar vaxsovar soflebs Sefenils~...), pa-
pis agebuli sasaxlec nangrevebadaa qceuli da, wuTisoflis
ukuRmarTobis Semxedvare, ijerebs Zvel WeSmaritebas: `sau-
kuneTa manZilis miRma – leqsi mefobs da ara mefeni...~ mas
kvlav `leqsis Wogriti~ upyria xelT (`meCvidmete ucqers
meoces~), sami saukunis ganmavlobaSi bevri ram Secvlilia;
poeti xedavs zvarSi mofusfuse yurZnis mkrefav glexebs da
Tavadac unda, am ferxulSi Caebas. igi mxolod leqsis weraSia
gawafuli da STamomavlebsac sTavazobs uzado striqonebs,
sadac riTmebi Zvirfasi TvlebiviTaa Casmuli, igi majamis
didostatia. am mxriv lamis utoldeba rusTavelsac, vis me-
toqedac amaod mohqonda Tavi. amdenad, gasakviri ar unda
iyos, Semdgomaze, alaznis velisa da winandlis Semxedvare,
monatrebul samSoblos imas hpirdeba, rac ZaluZs, rac misi
xelidan adreve gamosula:

neta, mand viyo, bude vakeTo,

SemogierTo mgosnis cTuneba.
64
 rogor Segamko, Cemo kaxeTo,
da majamebSi Cavsva buneba.

albaT, imis aRniSvnac saWiroa, rom `Teimuraz pirveli~

simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebiTi simwifis yvelaze nayofier
xanSia dawerili, 1935 wlis SemodgomiT, roca poets Tavisi
saukeTeso leqsebis uxvi rTveli edga. momdevno xuTma wel-
mac aranaklebi warmateba moutana simon Ciqovans, raSic io-
lad SegviZlia davrwmundeT.
yovel mniSvnelovan Semoqmeds moniSnuli da gansazRvru-
li aqvs Tavisi adgili da roli sakuTar mwerlobaSi, icis,
visi sulieri memkvidre da gzis gamgrZelebelia. am mxriv gam-
onaklisi arc simon Ciqovania. misi zogierTi, e. w. saprogra-
mo leqsi Rirsia sagangebo dakvirvebisa. aseTia, magaliTad,
erTi usaTauro, romlis pirveli strofi ramdenadme epata-
Juri, zedmetad Tavdajerebuli toniT gamoirCeva:

guramiSvilis da vaJas feri,

maTi momdevno me var mesame.
wminda saxmiliT vitanje bevri
da STagonebiT bevri vewame.

nakleb dasajerebelia, simon Ciqovanis saxelovan Tanamo-

kalmeebs (Tundac galaktion tabiZesa da giorgi leoniZes)
erwmunebinaT esoden Tamami gancxadeba, aseTi rigiToba, ma-
gram am leqsis avtori did winaparTa Rirseuli memkvidre
rom aris, es sruliad ueWvelia.
am dros (1940) ocdaCvidmeti wlis sisxliani represiebi,
ramac simon Ciqovanis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebasac mZime
daRi daasva, axali CamTavrebulia da poeti jer kidev grZnobs
misdami mtrulad ganwyobilTa bnel zraxvebs (`me yurSi mes-
mis: danas lesaven...~); gamoTqvams ukmarisobis grZnobas,
gaumxeleli gamo (`vervis vuCvene faruli wyluli, ver gavi-
gone megruli nana...~), magram mxneobas mainc ar kargavs, Tum-
ca leqsis finalur strofSi Tavdapirveli rixi SesamCnevad
Serbilebulia:
65
 meaTe var, Tu var me mesame,
mTidan damyurebs vaJas kesane.
Cemi moZmeni xorbals Tesaven
da me xmebs vTesav, Tqveni kvnesame.

aq mkafiod Cans, rom motanili striqonebis damwers ge-

nialuri winaprebis naTeli asuldgmulebs da TviTonac qar-
Tul poeziaSi mravalTagan gamorCeuli axali xmebis damner-
gavia, rac araerTxel cxadyo.
amave xanebSi Seqmna simon Ciqovanma Tavisi yvelaze sauke-
Teso, Rrma da intimuri cikli leqsebisa `Sinidan gavel sam-
Soblos gzaze~, romelSic mcirea iZulebiTi kompromisi, yal-
bi paTetika ar igrZnoba da mSobliur garemoSi dabrunebuli,
Tavs benebrivad grZnobs, igonebs gauxareli bavSvobis wlebs,
naadrevad daRupuli axloblebis gamo gancdil mounelebel
tkivilebs sevdian striqonebad kravs.
gansakuTrebuli daRi daamCnia poets sikvdilma umcrosi
disa, ulmobelma senma qaliSvilobaSi rom imsxverpla. misad-
mi miZRvnili pirvelive leqsis – `dis dakargva~ – pirvelsave
strofSi cxadia, ra aforiaqebuli, Tavgzaabneuli iyo ago-
niis Semyure Zma, oTaxSi gaCereba uWirda:

rogori gulqva zafxuli iyo,

dagmwuxreboda Subli tiloTi,
me gavurbodi Sens sikvdils TiTqo
da SiSiT, dao, veRar vtirodi.

finalur striqonebSi gamoTqmulia mware sinanuli, rom

uZvirfasesi adamianis samudamo gasasvenebeli RvTis ana-
baraa mitovebuli, Wirisufali ar akiTxavs:

axla saflavTan aravin aris

da megrul moTqmiT aravin tiris.

dis aCrdilTan Sexmianeba grZeldeba momdevno leqsSic

(`mosagonari~), sadac gaxsenebulia Raribi bavSvobis wlebi,
66
`kaklis Crdili da odis lafaro~, isic, rogor urwevda ak-
vans da eloliaveboda erT cicqna arsebas. Cvens poeziaSi iS-
viaTia alersis ase saTuTad gamoxatva:

Cemo ocnebav, maSin aSendi,

Cemo patarav, tiriliT mende,
Wilobze roca gaTamaSebdi,
an roca fexi aidgi Semdeg.

aqvea naTqvami, poetma siymawvileSive rogor dakarga mama

(deda kidev ufro adre gaSorda samzeos) da patarebi savse-
biT daobldnen. amis mere simon Ciqovanis mier sruliad
drouli da bunebrivia: upovar da obol bavSvTa Seudarebel
qomagis, genialuri ingliseli mwerlis Carlz dikensis xseneba:

davikargeniT Cven saTiTaod,

TiTqos dikensis bavSvebs vxvdebodiT.
ver gnaxulobdi TveobiT, dao,
magram maxloblad megulebodi.

simon Ciqovani gulisxmobs dikensis romanebis mTel wye-

bas (`devid koperfildi~, `didi imedebi~, `siZveleTa far-
duli~, `oliver tvistis Tavgadasavali~ da sxvani), magram
poeti Tavis Tavs yvelaze metad, albaT, oliver tvistTan
aigivebda, visi zemgrZnobiare damokidebulebac patara, mo-
makvdav dikTan da Semdeg am bavSvis gardacvaleba sulisSem-
Zvreli siZlieriT aris aRwerili; im epizodebs ucremlod ve-
ravin waikiTxavs (sikvdilmoaxloebuli diki imedovnebs, rom
caSi igi Tavis daRupul das Sexvdeba). saerTodac, msoflio
literaturaSi bedisgan gametebuli, sasikvdilod ganwiru-
li bavSvebi dikensis darad aravis ebraleboda. cnobilia, ra-
oden uzarmazari gavlena moaxdina man dostoevskize; marto
`Zmebi karamazovebi~ araerTi gamaognebeli adgilis gaxseneba
ikmarebs saamisod, magram es calke, Tanac didi Temaa da aq
ver CavuRrmavdebiT.
dis gardacvalebiT miyenebuli gaunelebeli tkivili
irekleba amave ciklis erT-erT Zlier leqsSic `pirveli
67
minaweri~, sadac kidev erTi TvalsaCino literaturuli
paralelia moxmobili:

ori aTasi wlis winaT agre

Zmas mistiroda leqsiT katuli.
leqsi ara gavs mdumare nangrevs
da axlac rekavs,rogorc sanTuri.

amayad aris naTqvami, rom didi romauli lirikosis

striqonebSi CaRvril naRvels simZafre oci saukunis merec
ar daukargavs da dRemde igi gangaSiviT ismis. gardacvli-
li Zmisa da mis samares tkivilisgan sasomixdili katulusi
ramdenjerme ubrundeba. safiqrebelia, simon Ciqovanma es
dauyuCebeli tkivili katulusis erT leqsSi (65) amoikiTxa
da igi Tavis pirad ubedurebas daukavSira. odesRac uRmer-
To, lamazi da znemsubuqi lesbias momRerali ase mimarTavs
leTas mrume talRebs, Zmis aCrdils:

sityvas veRar getyvi me Sen,

veRarc Sens naubars movismen,
sicocxles, Tavsac rom merCia,
verasdros vixilav Tvalebs,
Zmao, sanatrelo, miyvarxar,
ase meyvarebi marad,
sul giglov, simReras naRvlians
me ar davasruleb Senze.

marTlac sxva, bevrad mozrdil leqsSi (68) katulusi ag-

rZelebs xmamaRal moTqmas. Soreuli troas miwa, sadac misi
saficari Zma ganisvenebs, mTeli evropisa da aziis gmirTa
saerTo sasaflaod aris gamocxadebuli. mTeli Cveni saxle-
uli SenTan erTad marxia, yvela Cemi sixaruli SenTan erTad
daiRupao, mimarTavs yvelaze axlobel adamians, visac ucnob
saflavTa Soris ergo samudamo gansasvenebeli.
katulusis Zmis, droiT egzom dacilebulis, tragedia
rom gaixsena, amiT simon Ciqovanma Tavis gulismomkvlel
68
glovas didi sarbieli, farTo JReradoba misca, sakacobrio
wuxils SerTo Tavisi xangrZlivi satkivari.
poeturobiTa da sinatifiT gamoirCeva imave ciklis
brwyinvale leqsi `dis darguli unabi~, sadac poeti nat-
robs, nisliviT gamqral da Tund zmanebaSi ixilos (`siz-
marSi mainc Semodi mSvidad, sada xar marto mimiwebuli~);
raRac imedis msgavsia, rom dis darguli xe xarobs da una-
bis rtoebi miwaSi myofs ugaloben. dauviwyaria finaluri
strofi. mwuxarebasTan erTad, amqveyniuri silamazis ga-
uxunar mSvenierebas rom gvagrZnobinebs da es brdRviala
suraTebiTaa gadmocemuli:

mgonia, unabs fesvebi stkiva,

SeJRalebia foTlebi myife.
da viT wveTebi, balaxSi cviva
wiTel-wiTeli nayofi mwife.

sagangebo dakvirveba ar sWirdeba imis mixvedras, rom

mwvane namian balaxze dacvenili wiTeli marcvlebi, Sefa-
rulad miniSnebuli qarTul poeziaSi esoden fesvgadgmuli
`sisxlis cremlebis~ metaforaa, riTac am tradiciul saxes
axali elvareba eniWeba.
TxuTmetiode wlis ymawvili iyo simon Ciqovani, WleqiT
daavadebuli, Svilebze niadag mzrunveli mama rom moukvda
da ai, ukve mowiful vaJkacs, saqveynod cnobil poets, wvi-
mian RamiT, sizmarSi gamoecxadeba fiqridan ganuSorebeli
mSobeli (ase iwyeba leqsi `mama~ axaloxdasvelebuli, `brge
da axovani~, qaris mier SemofeTqil karidan Semodis, Svilis
binas Tvals moavlebs da, wesisamebr, rZals moikiTxavs, awri-
alebulia, `Sens das daveZebo~, eubneba damxvdurs – safla-
vSic ar asvenebs avadmyofi qaliSvilis dardi, ar icis, gar-
dacvlili romaa. Svili, raRa Tqma unda, vaxSmad darCenas,
Coxis gaSrobas da nardis TamaSs sTavazobs monatrebul mSo-
bels, magram mas saxeze wyena axatia da isev ukuneTs miscems
Tavs. es gulisdamamZimebeli molandeba Tavidan bolomde

69
wvimis burusSia gaxveuli, gamodarebas piri ar uCans, garedan
`wveTebis kvnesa~, maTi naRvliani wkapawkupi ismis.
Semdeg leqss `mamis ocneba~ hqvia. mSobeli Svilis studen-
tobaze ocnebobda, undoda, igi mTis inJineri gamosuliyo,
magram memkvidrem sxva gza irCia da anderZi ver Seusrula.
aq Cans, mamamisi kiTxvis rogori moyvaruli yofila (`warbze
eyara wignebis mtveri~) da rogor exerxeboda saintereso ra-
meebis moyola (`dikensiviT ambis mTxrobeli...~). es bolo Se-
dareba mravlismTqmelia. kargadaa cnobili, dikenss hqonda
iSviaTi unari, Tavisi nebismieri romani orsaaTian qargaSi
Caesva da darbazSi myofebi gafacicebulni usmendnen.
ormociani wlebis damdegs, rodesac inglisis dedaqalaqi
germanelebisgan ibombeboda, simon Ciqovanma uZvirfasesi
mwerlis aCrdili kvlav gamoixmo (`dikensis molandeba~) da
gviCvena – misi suli dasacavad rogor gadafofrebia upa-
tronod darCenil bavSvebs, misi fiqrisa da zrunvis sagani
isev is aris – `kvlavad mosZebnos oliver tvisti~.
Zalze STambeWdavi da amaRelvebelia am lqsis bolo
strofebi, sadac poets dikensi vaJas mSobliur sofel
CargalSi Camohyavs, rom sicocxlis damamkvidrebeli da
momRerali ori geniis Sexvedra moxdes. finalSi yvelaferi
saimisodaa Semzadebuli, raTa Soreuli albionidan, warmo-
saxvis ZaliT Camosuli, didi Semoqmedi –

vaJas binaSi Sevides mwuxrze,

miTebi gaxsnas daustambavi
da Svelis nukri daisvas muxlze,
rom nukrs mouyves bavSvTa ambavi.

simon Ciqovanis winamdebare ciklSi kidev darCa leqsebi,

romelTac gverds ver avuvliT. yvelaze meti simware poets
udedod darCenam agema, rac dambadeblis xsovnisadmi miZR-
vnil pirvelsave leqsSi (`dedaCemi~) mTeli simwvaviT Tval-
saCinovdeba. imdenad mcirewlovani yofila maSin, rom misi
garegnoba, ieri arc daxsomebia. kuTxe-kunWuls ar tovebs,
70
rogorme dedis kvals miagnos, xalxuri zRapris gmiriviT,
yvelgan da yvelaferSi Zvirfasi adamianis anarekls eZebs:

dedav, xateba ar dagrCa arsad,

WaSi vicqiro, damCemda seni.
Sen rom ideqi gvimian WasTan,
egeb Sig CarCa saxeba Seni.

amas mosdevs SedarebaTa mTeli wyeba – sadRa ar elandeba

dedis sxeulis nakvTebi; momdevno leqsSi (`siaxlove~) cixis
nangrevTan daeZebs da `Ramis napirze~ elodeba. bevris mTqme-
li da damtevia am samstrofiani leqsis finaluri striqo-
nebi, metaforis meSveobiT, wuTisoflis igavis axsnas rom
hgavs:
rogor maSorebs xamxami wamis,
rogor gvaerTebs maradisoba.

mesame leqsi (`dedis cremlebi~) daviT guramiSvilis poe-

ziidan iRebs dasabams; poets peSvi dedis wminda cremlebiT
auvsia da sasoebiT acqerdeba, SiSobs, ar daeRvaros, anda
gvalvam ar daaSros; darwmunebulia – Tu wveTi miwaze dae-
ca – `aRmocendeba xe mgalobeli~. xuTidan bolo ori leqsi
(`nangrevis suro~ da `cixiT Sobili~) erT gaSlil metafo-
ras warmoadgens; poets eCvenebs, rom dedam `iSvila qarTuli
cixec~ da Tavisi Tavic omgadaxdil cixis nangrevad aqvs war-
modgenili, surod warmosaxul mSobels ki evedreba: `momxvie
toti civi da mSrali~. am vedrebis mizani, dedaazri finalur
strofSi ikveTeba:

mec damayene nangrevis gverdiT,

suros perangiT mamulSi vTbebi,
mxarze damisvi RuRuna mtredi,
mkerdze amomWran qarTuli xmebi.
.
`cixiT Sobili~ avrcobs, aviTarebs am Temas. poeti iSve-
liebs cnobil qarTul legendas (cixis kedelSi Casmuli
zurabi) da leqsi heroikul JReradobas iZens: `suramis cixe,
71
xerTvisis koSki – orive Cemi dedaa, mgoni~. dedis cremlebiT
daltobili kedeli cixes mowydeba da lqsis finaluri stro-
fi bunebrivad usvams wertils da poetis Rrma Canafiqrs:

me var natexi dangreul cixis,

yurs vugdeb qvaze Semomjdar qedans,
kurcxali cremli sicocxled miRirs
da igi mReriT Sevwminde dedas.

garda werilebisa da dRiurebisa, Tavisi poeturi xe-

lovnebis principebi simon Ciqovanis araerT leqsSia gamoxa-
tuli. amis magaliTad gamodgeba amave ciklSi Setanili
`meore minaweri~, sadac poeti, erTi SexedviT, sakuTar Tavs
ekamaTeba – Tavdapirvelad leqsis mTavar Rirsebad feria
gamocxadebuli, magram amas iqve enacvleba `avTandilis ga-
loba~, musikis momnusxvel simbolod moxmobili RvTaebri-
vi unari. am wamier daeWvebaSi Tavidanve ikveTeba WeSmariti
azri, rom leqsSi es ori uZlieresi sawyisi harmoniulad un-
da iyos Sezavebuli:

xelnaweri gavs baRnars da Radars,

vgoneb feria mSveneba leqsis,
magram rodesac ganvlil dRes vxatav,
me avTandilis galoba mesmis.

miuxedavad am gulwrfeli da bunebrivi wuxilisa, simon

Ciqovans mravlad hqonda sixarulisa da Svebis momgvreli
wuTebi, roca `...grZnoba miiRebs saxes, daemgvaneba hangsa da
suraTs~.
zemoT naTqvamis marTebulobas sagangebo mtkiceba ar
esaWiroeba. didad ganaTlebuli literatori, kritikosi
giorgi margvelaSvili poetis oTxtomeulze wamZRvarebul
mozrdil werilSi, sadac simon Ciqovanis poeziis safuZvlian
codnas avlens da misi SemoqmedebiTi gzis sakmaod srul su-
raTs warmogvidgens, erTgan wers:
`simon Ciqovani metaforis WeSmariti didostatia da igi
uziarebs mkiTxvels rogorc cnobis, ise aRmoCenis sixaruls.
72
poeti mxolod or amocanas, or winapirobas saxavs Tavis wi-
naSe, raTa naxos gamoZaxili mkiTxvelis gulSi; poeturi saxe
unda warmoSvas namdvilma, gulwrfelma, gancdam, striqoni
unda dabados `wrfelma hangma~ da `galoba~ SeTanxmebuli
unda iyos `suraTTan~, `grZnobam~ unda miiRos `saxe~ (Ciqovani
1975: 25).
ciklis bolo leqsSi – `mesame minaweri~ – refrenad gais-
mis poetis myari Sexeduleba: `Semoqmedebas sirTule uyvars,
gasagebad da simZafriT Tqmuli~. finalur striqonebSi ki
amave tonalobis gancxadeba, sxva moTxovnilebas misadage-
buli, ramdenadme saxecvlilad warmogvidgeba: `Semoqmede-
bas siaxle uyvars, cisartyelas da quxilis feri~.
amis mTqmeli sicocxlis bolomde ganaxlebas eltvoda,
iSviaTad eqceoda inerciis tyveobaSi, xelewifeboda axali
xmebisa da nairgvari sazomebis warmatebulad mosinjva, ris
magaliTebsac uxvad gvawvdis misi mdidari da Taviseburi
literaturuli memkvidreoba.
simon Ciqovans aqvs leqsebi, romlebSic erTi romelime
adgili gamorCeulad gvxiblavs da gvamaxsovrdeba. swored
am dros vlindeba is `Sinagani idumaleba~, ris gamoc poeti
Tavis Tavs bevr rames patiobda. aseTad SegviZlia CavTvaloT
didi, oTx monakveTad gayofili leqsi `qarTlis saRamoebi~,
romlis pirveli strofi yovelnairad mxars ubams WeSmarit
poezias, TvaliT saxilveli xatovanebis saucxoo magaliTia:

ra kargia mzis daxrisas gori.

Semodgomis Crdili rogor exameba.
gadavyureb cixidan da SoriT
urmuliviT axlovdeba SeRameba.

yvelaferia aq, leqsis madli da surneleba rom vigrZnoT

– uremze saTqmel narnar simRerasaviT daZruli bindi Tan-
daTan, nabij-nabij efineba Camavali mzis oqroSi amovlebul
goris cixis kalTebs, nel-nela muqdeba melnisferi Semoga-
reni. marto es, bednierad mignebuli da natvris TvaliviT
moelvare saxec kmara `qarTlis saRamoebis~ samSvenisad.
73
garda amisa, `qarTlis saRamoebSi~ didostaturad aris gamo-
yenebuli simon Ciqovanis usayvarlesi da nacadi xerxi – erTi
strofis farglebSi gansxvavebuli marcvlebis striqonTa
(am SemTxvevaSi aTisa da Tormetmarcvlianis) Senacvleba,
ramac mis SemoqmedebaSi garkveuli sistemis ieri SeiZina da
raSic mas veravin Seedreboda. cxadia, am leqsSi mimzidveli
metaforuli saxeebi sxvac bevria (magaliTad: `daisis mziT
vin SeReba xili, saRamos fers atmis feri Seuria...~), magram
pirveli strofis simaRlesa da silaRes danarCenebi veRar
uswordeba da poets Seumcdarma gumanma, alRom ukarnaxa,
sabolood, leqsi am strofiTve daemTavrebina.
isec xdeba, rom erTi sityva striqons, mTlianad leqss,
afuWebs da amaSi brali imdenad avtors ar miuZRvis, ramde-
nadac savaldebulo kompromisis gamovlenas. saamiso maga-
liTebi simon Ciqovanis poeziaSic sakmaod daiZebneba. mis
mZlavr inteleqtsa da daxvewil literaturul gemovnebaSi
Znelad Tu Seitanda vinme eWvs, magram xSirad iZulebuli
iyo, yvelaferis damxuTavi da damStampveli sabWoTa ide-
ologiisaTvis xarki gadaexada, ramac mis poezias zianis meti
araferi moutana.
.ormociani wlebis miwuruls poeti ramdenjerme imyofe-
boda qarTlSi, atenis xeobaSi, Semdgom gamoaqveyna leqsebis
cikli, razedac, mcire gamonaklisis garda, kargis Tqma
gaZneldeba. erT-erTi leqsis (`irmebi kaloze~) pirvelive
strofi ase gamoiyureba:

kolmeurnis kalo irmebs valewvie,

rqebs mivakar yvavilebi Wreli.
kevrs Sevaxti. Camaval mzes davewie,-
barCxala mzes rqaSi vtace xeli.

poeti cdilobda, rogorme gaekeTilSobilebina, xalxis

TvalSi mimzidveli gaexada Zaladobaze agebuli sakolmeur-
neo sistema, romelmac ocdaaTiani wlebis sabWoTa kavSirSi
soflis mosaxleobas auracxeli ubedureba daatexa Tavs,
milionobiT adamianis sicocxle Seiwira.
74
 iremi poeziaSi silamazis, siyvarulis, vnebianobis simbo-
loa da roca poeti am metaforas Sesaferis adgilas iyenebs,
maSin yvelafers sxva bunebrivi, elferi eZleva, mSvenierebis
gancda gveufleba. amis magaliTad isev simon Ciqovanis ad-
reve damowmebuli strofi (`mze zRvaze dadga, rogorc ire-
mi...~) gamodgeba, sadac peizaJs suli aqvs Cadgmuli. samegre-
los sxivebgatotili mze borjRalarqebian xariremTan aris
Sedarebuli, xolo mis paralelurad mzis naTelSive gavlebu-
li alvebi cirebs – tanwerweta kolx qalebs – ganasaxiereben.
irmebis kalosTan dakavSireba, TavisTavad, araviTar
uxerxulobas ar qmnis, piriqiT. gavixsenoT genialuri xal-
xuri leqsi `sabralo dedabrisasa~, sadac, mTqmelis war-
mosaxviT, sxvadasxva nadir-frinveli martoxela dedabers
mosavlis aRebaSi exmarebian, mis yanas arian Seseulni, xolo
erT striqonSi pirdapiraa naTqvami: `irmebi Znasa hyriano...~
simon Ciqovanis leqsSi ki SeiZleboda im erTi sityvis (`kol-
meurnis~) Secvla – Caweriliyo `glexkacis~, magram verc es
uSvelida saqmes, vinaidan danarCeni strofebic yalb paToss
mihyveba.
am savalalo movlenis axsna ar aris Zneli. SoTa rusTave-
lis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis institutis amJamin-
delma direqtorma, profesorma irma ratianma sagangebod
Seiswavla is periodi, roca sabWoTa ideologiis sulisSemx-
uTav wnexSi moqceuli qarTuli mwerloba autanel pirobeb-
Si imyofeboda. igulisxmeba axlaxan gamoqveynebuli Zalze
mniSvnelovani werili `sabWoTa totalitarizmis epoqa da
qarTuli literaturuli procesi~, romelic misi vrceli
narkvevis erTi nawilia da mravalwlian dakvirvebebs efuZ-
neba. movitan sagangaSo, damafiqrebel amonarids am werili-
dan, ganvlili, avadmosagonari epoqis metad arasaxarbielo
saerTo suraTs rom gvixatavs: `totalitarizmis, rogorc
Zaladobrivi mmarTvelobis upirvelesi niSani, ideologi-
uri diqtaturis Seqmnaa, kliSeebis formireb danergva,
rac, cxadia, mniSvnelovnad zRudavs literaturuli Tavi-
suflebis farglebs. amis naTeli magaliTia gasuli saukunis
75
20-iani wlebi, rodesac qarTul literaturaSi damkvidrebu-
li modernistuli tendenciebi konceptualur antagonizmSi
aRmoCnda sabWoTa diqtaturis ideologiur principebTan.
sulieri Rirebulebebis destruqciiT aRniSnuli poli-
tikuri kursi imTaviTve daupirispirda Sinagani, sulieri
ZiebiT aRniSnul literaturul process, romelmac, Tavis
mxriv, zustad airekla epoqis krizisi, is saerTo skepticizmi
da nihilizmi, romelic sufevda inteleqtualuri teroriT
daTrgunul sazogadoebaSi~ (ratiani 2014: 25).
aseTi umkacresi da xagrZlivi `inteleqtualuri terori~
sasikeTos rom arafers moitanda, dResdReobiT yvelasTvis
aSkara da amaze Tvalis daxuWva ar gvmarTebs, yvelafers Ta-
visi namdvili saxeli unda daerqvas.
sayovelTao SexuTulobis Jams simon Ciqovani zogjer
poulobda sulismosaTqmel Sualedebs, razedac mokled vi-
tyviT. WeSmariti poeziis madliTaa gasxivosnebuli ormo-
ciani wlebis damdegs Seqmnili leqsebis mcire cikli `arma-
zis aCrdilebi~, romelic didi ivane javaxiSvilis TaosnobiT
Catarebuli istoriuli gaTxrebis mRelvare, STambeWdavi
gamoZaxilia.
Tavidanve igrZnoba amaRlebuli ganwyobileba, usazRvro
siamaye, rac poetSi Cveni saarako warsulis mzis sinaTleze
gamotanas gamouwvevia.

Zveli mcxeTa, saqarTvelos fuZe,

me var misi gazafxulis roSari.
SeveTvise, guliT davifurcle,
Srialeben vardebi da droSani.
(`Zveli mcxeTa~)

ciklis SuagulSi, raRa Tqma unda, zevax pitiaxSis sworu-

povari asulis tragikuli bedi, naadrevad daRupvaa, rasac
orenovani (berZnuli da arameuli) epitafia gvamcnobs. po-
eti angelozs adarebs serafits (`Seni suli, cxrafrTiani,
kuboSi viT gaaCere!~) da ar jerdeba am mgznebare SeZaxils,
TvalismomWreli elvarebiT aris gacocxelubli mcxeTis
76
ezosmoZRvris, publicios agripas, vaJis iodmanganis meuR-
le, visi Sesadaric qveyanaze aravin yofila:

vin giwoda serafiti!

sad xar, gvamcne xvaSiadi,
Jami gasWer, gadmofrindi,
suros kabiT aSrialdi!
(`sagalobeli~)

bolo leqsi `broweuli pitiaxSis samareze~ (misi gax-

seneba merec mogviwevs) sakvirveli movlenis poetur
gardasaxvas warmoadgens; samarxis Tavze aRmocenebul
broweuls Rrmad gaeSva fesvi, sarkofagi gaerRvia da sera-
fitis samajurs CaxlarTvoda. es, TavisTavad poeturi,
`ucnauri SemTxveva~ simon Ciqovanma moxdenilad gamoiyena
da momxiblavad aaJRera, sityvierad gansxeulebul, iSviaTi
silamazis gauxunar metaforad aqcia:

broweulma fesviT kubo gaarRvia,

saflavs Caswvda da ipova samajuri,
serfitis ferfli TiTqos daarxia,
samajurSi fesvi gahyo damanWuli.

zedmiwevniT zusti da saxieria Sedareba, rac poetma

broweuls SeurCia – `qisis msgavsi~ da amis mere sruliad
bunebrivia, rom samareze gaxarebuli broweuli saflavidan
amowovil sinotives sicocxlis marjnisfer marcvlebad
gardaqmnis da es gaSlili metafora axal elvarebas iZens,
samyaros sivrceebs ukavSirdeba:

mogonebiT Tbili fesvi gamokveba

da nayofSi Cailaga varkvlavebi.

am leqsis Casaxvisa da daweris istorias gvacnobs Tavad

simon Ciqovanis erTi mSvenieri Canaweri, sadac vkiTxulobT:
`miyvars broweulis CuqurTmasaviT gamokveTili wiTeli
yvavili, Ria wiTeli, xandaxan alisferi. broweulis yvavils
77
bavSvobidan var SeCveuli, orRobeSi misi wiTlad gamonaTe-
ba xsovnaSi CamrCenia da dRemde TanamgzavriviT momyveba...
gazafxulze broweulis xeebiT Semorguli ezoebi momxib-
lavia, uTvalavi wiTeli yvaviliT ganaTebuli. Semdeg vnaxe
pitiaxSebis samarxze amosuli ayvavebuli broweulis xe. am
broweuls fesviT imdroindeli samarxi gaerRvia, saflavSi
ferflad qceuli turfa asulis samajuri epova da mas Se-
moxveoda. geronti qiqoZem Zvel iberielTa fsiqologiisad-
mi miZRvnil werilSi aRwera es saocari SemTxveva. me ki leqsi
vuZRveni pitiaxSebze amosul broweuls da misi wiTeli yva-
vilis amRereba vcade~ (Ciqovani 2012: 46).
poetis sasaxelod unda iTqvas – im mZlavrma biZgma da mis-
ma STagonebiT anTebulma cdam sasurveli nayofi gamoiRo,
ramac mTel mis cxovrebasa da samudamo gansasvenebelsac
sxvagvari madli mohfina. amaze bolos mogvixdeba oriode
sityvis Tqma. gacnobierebuli gvaqvs: araerTi sagangebo da-
kvirvebis Rirsi leqsi yuradRebis miRma dagvrCa, magram mi-
ukerZoebeli saerTo suraTi mainc daixata.
Tamaz Cxenkelma, visac aravisgan eswavleboda WeSmariti
poeziis fasi, axalgardacvlil simon Ciqovanze saucxoo ese
gamoaqveyna – `mwvane bivriti~ – sadac erTgan sagangebod ga-
nixilavs mis damokidebulebas guramiSvilisadmi da poetis
umniSvnelovanesi qmnileba `simRera daviT guramiSvilze~
leqsebis ciklad miaCnia. Znelia, uyoymanod gaiziaro aseTi
Tvalszrisi, magram eses avtoris gulwrfelobasa da mis
mier gamoTqmul umaRles SefasebaSi eWvs namdvilad ver
SevitanT:
`aRsaniSnavia erTi friad sayuradRebo garemoeba. simon
Ciqovanis xilvebSi organuli da raRacnairi inteligentu-
ri simSvidiT Semodis siberis, avadmyofobisa da sikvdilis
xatebi, riTac didad gansxvavdeba sxva qarTveli poetebisgan.
da me vfiqrob, am xatebis CrdilSi mimavali bilikiT miadga
misi STagoneba daviT guramiSvilis `aRsavlis kars~. Cemi
azriT, leqsebis am ciklSi miaRwia simon Ciqovanis poeturma
enam zenits~ (Ciqovani 2004: 90).
78
 dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas – simon Ciqovanis poemebi-
dan, Canafiqris masStaburobiT da mxatvruli Zalmosilebi-
Tac aSkarad gamoirCeva `simRera daviT guramiSvilze~. igi
axali tipis lirikuli poemaa (calkeuli leqsebi qmnis siu-
Jetur mTlianobas). ZiriTadad, `daviTianis~ teqsts misdevs;
masSi uxvad aris warmodgenili cxovrebiseuli realiebi,
TviT guramiSvilis Tavs gadaxdenili xifaTebi da, sabolo-
od, siuJeturi qarga Zaldautaneblad iqsoveba. cnobilia,
poetur, da ara marto poetur, qmnilebaSi raoden gadam-
wyvetia marjved Sekruli kompozicia da simon Ciqovani aqac
TvalsaCino ostatobas avlens. ver vityviT, rom am poemaSi
yvela monakveTi Tanabrad Zlieri iyos, magram leqsTa erTi
nawili mxatvrulad srulyofili da STambeWdavia.
poemis pirvelive striqonebi (`weros darad wignSi mdgari
locul da mosTqvam kidev...~) acocxlebs guramiSvilis cno-
bil avtoportrets da, amave dros, qarTlis bedze mwared da-
Ronebuli genialuri Semoqmedis naRvelsac gvagrZnobinebs.
es gancda mTeli poemis kiTxvis manZilze ar gvSordeba, rac
avtoris upirveles Rirsebad unda CaiTvalos. simon Ciqo-
vanis fraza uaRresad moqnilia, erTi strofiTac SeuZlia
gadmosces lekTa damamcirebel tyveobaSi Cavardnili po-
etis gausaZlisi tanjva:

qarTlSi gamkobda samkali yana,

roca qurdulad dagesxa mteri.
gadagatares asi mTa Zalad,
gadagaylapes daRestnis mtveri.

tyveobidan ris vai-vaglaxiT Tavdaxsnili daviT gura-

miSvili moskovSi vaxtang meeqvsis amalis wevrebs uerTdeba.
TvistomebTan moxvedrili poeti rusuli zamTris gulis-
SemaRonebel RameebSi, sxvebTan erTad, iavarqmnili samSob-
los gadarCenaze fiqrobs, buxarTan mimsxdari qarTvelebi
peterburgidan samefo karis daxmarebas moelian (Svid wels
grZeldeba es mtanjveli yofa), rac samagaliTo ostatobiT
aris gadmocemuli poemis erT-erT uZlieres TavSi – `lo-
79
dini vsesviatskoeSi~. sagangebod Senelebuli ritmi da saa-
misod Seumcdarad SerCeuli sazomi xazs usvams ltolvilTa
cxovrebis erTferovnebis monotonurobas; Cven TiTqos Se-
sudruli cidan veeba fantelebis taatiT daSvebas Sevyure-
bT. xangrZlivi zamTris udabureba rom vigrZnoT, amoviwerT
sxvadasxva adgilas ganlagebul sam strofs, sadac TviTeuli
refrenad gamoyenebuli erTi sityviT (`zamTaria~) iwyeba:

zamTaria. zamTaria TeTri.

SeWvartluli Ramea Tu uRrania.
moRuRune buxaria TeTri.
mamulze rom saubari uxaria.

zamTaria. zamTaria civi.

naTlisRebis mowkarune avdrebia.
riJraJiviT fiWvis SeSa Rvivis,
usaqmobiT meleqseni mravldebian.
......
zamTaria. avdaria civi.
peterburRiT daxmarebas moelian.
mSrali qari sakvamurSi wivis.
tyes wiwvians TeTri Tovli morevia.

ramdeni auxdeneli ocneba gadayva avad mogugune im zam-

Tris qarbuqebs, ramdeni saamayo mamuliSvilis Zvlebi Cadna
CrdiloeTis gayinul miwaSi. marto sami didebuli, uTvalsa-
Cinoesi pirovnebis (sulxan-saba orbeliani, vaxtang meeqvse,
daviT guramiSvili) dasaxelebac kmara imis warmosadgenad,
ra tragediebi gadaitana mtrebisgan gaTelilma, ukidure-
sad dauZlurebulma saqarTvelom.
garda imisa, rom rusTavelis geniis mxardamxar mdgomi
uzarmazari Zalis poeti iyo, guramiSvili udreki- Seupovari
meomaric gaxldaT da misi mxedruli SemarTebac jerovnadaa
warmosaxuli poemeSi.
aq SeuZlebelia, ar vaxsenoT WeSmariti lirizmiT gasxi-
vosnebuli saukeTeso leqsTagani `gamoTxoveba da omSi was-
80
vla~, sadac didostatis kalmiTa da feradovnebiT aris gad-
mocemuli sayvarel arsebasTan moulodnelad ganSorebis
wuxili. aqac yuradRebas iqcevs ukiduresi lakonizmi, mom-
Wirned Tqmis iSviaTi unari; striqonTa Soris Zveli qarTu-
li sagaloblis xatovani Tqmacaa CarTuli:

uecarad omSi mixmes,

tyeSi iyav, sokos krefdi, vinane.
msxmoiare venaxi xar siyrmis,
ver gipove, simZimiliT viname!

sisxlimRvreli omis SuagulSi moqceuli poeti, gasakvi-

ri araa, daWran da am droisaTvis satrfos saSvelad uxmobs
(`momitane TvaliT gazafxuli, SemirCie samkurnalo balaxi~),
xolo amis momdevno strofi kidev ufro elvare, amaRelve-
belia, mSobliuri qveynis ferebiT gajerebuli; calkeul
metaforaTa mSvenierebaze rom araferi vTqvaT, simon Ci-
qovani aq araTanazomier striqonTa erTmaneTTan bunebri-
vad SekavSirebis, gadabmis namdvili baton-patronia:

meameba samaia.
iveriis RvTismSobelis baia.
Seni Tvali Ria samarea,
Seni kaba, Wreli Wiamaia.

poeti-mxedari metoqesTan Serkinebisas, tragikul xved-

rsac iTvaliswinebs: misi gancdebi am dros kidev ufro metad
mRelvarea, samSobloze fiqri gangmirulsac ar asvenebs, igi
sxvis omSi mebrZols arafriT ar hgavs:

gamagone moTqma ganSorebis,

damafare iveriis alami!

simon Ciqovani xSirad da sagangebod iyenebs `daviTianSi~

gabneul xatovan gamoTqmebs (`igavT xe~, `cxovrebis wyali~,
`ukvdavebis wyaro~, `qarTlis Wiri~ da misTanani), agreTve,
Txrobas avsebs sxvadasxva minawerebiTa da CanarTebiT (nair-
81
gvari gabaasebani), riTac isev da isev guramiSvilis kvals
mihyveba. erT-erT aseT, metad Zlier CanarTSi (`ucnauri sur-
vili~) poeti guramiSvils moaxloebul sikvdilze ametyve-
lebs da aq WeSmaritad qristesmieri naTeliT aris gabrwyin-
vebuli ukvdavebaSi gadasvlis mRelvare wuTebi, marTlac
ucnaurad nazi, mSobeli miwis madliT mosili:

Cemi sikvdili Tu mova martod,

unda vicode saxeba misi,
is unda iyos zedmetad saTno
da Tavwakruli samSoblos nisliT.

kidev ufro laRia da ukidegano sivrceSia gatyorcnili

leqsis bolo strofi, usasrulobasTan Serwymis himnad rom
gaismis. amis mTqmeli ukve tovebs miwier mijnebs da, cxovre-
bis maradmwvane xesaviT, maradisobasTan aris wilnayari:

waiRos Cemi sicocxlis Crdili,

walkotSi damrgan gamrje mklavebiT.
da maSrialos Rame da diliT
farTo foTlebiT da varskvlavebiT.

zemoT miyolebiT moxmobil striqonebs JReradobiT da

suliskveTebiTac uTuod enaTesaveba qarTuli patriotuli
lirikisa da TviT simon Ciqovanis erT-erTi Sedevri `vina
sTqva~, udidesi Sinagari mRelvarebiT aRsavse leqsi, romlis
saTaurSive Cans polemikuri toni da romelic yovel qarT-
vels siamayes unergavs, aqarwylebs skeptikosTa Sexedule-
bas Cveni mravalWirnaxuli mamulis simcireze:

vina sTqva, TiTqo patara iyos

Cemi samSoblo, didebis Rirsi.
qarTlSi vin hpova patara cixe,
vin moigona simcire misi?!

aba, SeadgiT erTmaneTs mTebi,

mTebi – Semkuli sxivebis sirmiT.

82
 aaSrialeT arwivis frTebi,
kldiT gaigoneT yvirili irmis.

yovel maRlobze cixe da koSki

naxeT, azomeT ostatis mzeriT,
an moagroveT uxsovar droSi
CvenSi daRvrili bunebis feri.

leqsSi naxsenebi qarTlis cixe mxolod Tavdacvis cita-

dels ar aRniSnavs. cixe simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebaSi myari,
umTavresi saxe-simboloa. gavixsenoT – dedaze daweril or
leqsSi (`nangrevis suro~, `cixiT Sobili~) poetis gamZafre-
buli warmosaxva gardacvlil mSobels suroSemoxveul ci-
xed warmoidgens da Tavisi Tavic cixis naSobad, mis nagrevad
miaCnia. amitomac ambobs: `me var natexi dangreul cixis~.
cixe TviT saqarTvelos ganzogadebul saxedac SegviZlia
warmovidginoT, vinaidan simbolos araerTi waxnagi da gageba
aqvs. simon Ciqovani ki am cixis erT-erTi uerTgulesi dam-
cveli, samSoblos Tavdadebuli da Seudarebeli mecixovne
gaxldaT.
dResdReobiT sruliad gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobasa
da azrs iZens leqsis bolo, finaluri strofi, sadac mzera
saukuneTa siRrmeSia gadatanili, Cveni saTayvanebeli wina-
pris, saqarTvelos upirvelesi da uZlieresi mefis, daviT aR-
maSeneblis, saarako gmirobas rom Segvaxsenebs.
SeaxeT brZoliT gawvrTnili xeli
darubandidan motanil karebs,
da gaixsneba samSoblo Cemi,
usasrulobis Semcveli mxare.

sisxlsa da Zaladobaze agebuli `wiTeli imperiis~ daSlis

Jams, meoce saukunis miwuruls da Semdgomac, areulobis, qa-
osis wlebSi, saqarTvelom, Tavisi uWkuobisa da gareSe mtru-
li Zalebis Semotevis gamo, Tavs moxveuli eTnokonfliqte-
bis Sedegad, teritoriebis sakmaod didi nawili dakarga.
swored qarTvelTa `brZoliT gawvrTnili xeli~ da daviTi-
83
seuli sibrZne, goniereba sWirdeba samarTlianobis aRdge-
nasa da savalalod dajijgnili saqarTvelos gamTlianebas.
simon Ciqovanis wminda anderZad datovebuli leqsi amiskenac
mogviwodebs.

***
sruliad gancalkavebeli da didi Temaa simon Ciqovani,
rogorc literaturis uTvalsaCinoesi, Rrma da metad an-
gariSgasawevi mkvlevari, rasac, bunebrivia, winamdebare, mo-
culobiT SezRudul portretSi ver vitvirTebdiT. ubralo
CamoTvlac cxads gaxdis, ramdenadac farTo da masStaburia
misi Tvalsawieri.
`siyvarulis, megobrobisa da gmirobis simRera~ erT-erTi
saukeTeso naSromia, rac `vefxistyaosanze~ gamoqveynebula.
gasagebi mizezebis gamo, simon Ciqovans yvelaze safuZvli-
anad daviT guramiSvilis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba hqonda
Seswavlili, rac xelSesaxebad aisaxa mozrdil narkvev-
Si: `daviTiani~ da sarwyavis da wisqvilis ambavi da misi
moxazuloba~.
`nikoloz baraTaSvilis poezia~, `ilia WavWavaZis poetu-
ri memkvidreoba~, `akaki wereTlis lirikuli leqsebi~, `vaJa-
fSavelas cxovrebis elferi da misi poeturi Semoqmedeba~
da sxva werilebi cxadyofs, Tu raoden Rrmad da safuZvli-
anad icoda man mecxramete saukunis qarTveli klasikosebi.
didi amagi dasdo simon Ciqovanma, agreTve, vasil barnovis
literaturul memkvidreobas (`vasil barnovis Txzuleba-
Ta garSemo~). aq CamoTvlilma werilebma simon Ciqovanis
oTxtomeulis mesame tomi Seadgina.
aseve didad sayuradRebo, problemuri xasiaTis werile-
bia Setanili bolo, meoTxe tomSi. amaTgan SegviZlia dava-
saxeloT: `SeniSvnebi vaJa-fSavelas saliteraturo enis
gamo~, `daviT guramiSvili daRestanSi~, `niko lorTqifaniZis
moTxrobebi~, `tician tabiZis leqsebis wigni~, `lado asaTia-
nis leqsebis wignis winasityvaoba~, `nikoloz zabolocki~,
`mikola baJani~, `aleqsandr bloki~ da sxvebi.

84
 sagangebod unda vaxsenoT polemikuri xasiaTis Zalze aq-
tualuri, principuli werili `literaturuli kritikisa da
literaturismcodneobis sakiTxebi~, sadac simon Ciqovani
araerT axal mosazrebas gamoTqvams da ar erideba mZafr ka-
maTs iseT uzarmazar mecnierTan, rogoric korneli kekeliZe
gaxldaT.

***
SeuZlebelia, zogi ram ar iTqvas im umWidroes megobro-
baze, rac aTeuli wlebis manZilze simon Ciqovans saqarT-
velos uerTgules WirisufalTan, did rus poetTan, boris
pasternakTan, hqonda. am urTierTobis amsaxveli mravali
faqti arsebobs.
cnobilia, rogor daundoblad, Seubraleblad moqmedeb-
da gasuli saukunis ocdaaTian wlebSi sabWoTa represiuli
aparati, ramdeni udanaSaulo adamianisa da, maT Soris, mwer-
lebis sicocxle Seiwira sisxlianma, ganukiTxaobis simbo-
lod qceulma reJimma.
aseT dros vinmes dasacavad xmis amoReba namdvili gmiro-
ba iyo, sakuTari sicocxlis sasworze Segdebas niSnavda da
es gaakeTa simon Ciqovanma boroti Tavdasxmis obieqtad qce-
uli didi Semoqmedis, boris pasternakis, gamo.
1937 wlis 3 aprils simon Ciqovanma (igi moskovSi Catare-
buli ideologiuri TaTbiridan axali dabrunebuli iyo)
werili gaugzavna gavlenian rus kritikos viqtor golcevs,
vinc qarTul mwerlobas Taviseburad meurveobda da Tval-
sac adevnebda. arqividan amoRebuli dokumenti imdenad mniS-
vnelovania, igi mTlianad unda movitano:
`Cveni Camosvlis Smdeg aq gaimarTa saerTo kreba plenumis
Sedegebze da es gagrZelda sam dRes. me iZulebuli gavxdi,
gamovsuliyavi da umaduri Rorebisgan damecva pasternaki.
vTqvi, rom pasternakma didi politikuri saqme gaakeTa, roca
Targmna qarTveli poetebi da rom igi, saerTod, kavSiris
saukeTeso poetia. Cemi gamosvliT me Sevarcxvine paster-
nakis ramdenime aqauri axlo megobari, mis winaaRmdeg rom
85
ilaparakes. Cemi gamosvla maTTvis moulodneli aRmoCnda.
arcerTs ar egona, rom me xmamaRla vityodi simarTles~
(gramova 2006: 527).
es `xmamaRlad naTqvami simarTle~ simon Ciqovans SeiZle-
boda sicocxlis fasad dasjdomoda, magram igi ar SeuSinda
sindisze, kacobaze xelaRebul adamianebs, romelTa gvareb-
sac werilSi ar asaxelebs.
boris pasternaki did angariSs uwevda simon Ciqovanis
Tvalsazriss poeziaze, ama Tu im leqsze da rodesac Tavisi
gaxmaurebuli romanisTvis Jivagos leqsebis saboloo vari-
antebs azustebda, 1953 wlis 29 oqtombers tician tabiZis
meuRles, nina tabiZes, werilTan erTad gamougzavna erT-er-
Ti leqsi (`zRapari~), romelSic urCxulis gamgmiravi wminda
giorgis xati ilandeba, pasternakma zedmiwevniT kargad ico-
da qarTvelTa yofa da istoria, isic – raoden Zlieria am Rv-
Taebis kulti saqarTveloSi da ainteresebda uSualod simon
Ciqovaniseuli Sefaseba oTx nawilad gayofili am leqsisa,
romlis bolo, meoTxe nawili mTlianad `iavnanas~ xmaze iyo
gawyobili (dedaberi umReroda Tavis badiSs cxenze amxed-
rebul gmirze); leqsis es acekvebuli, amCatebuli varianti
TviT pasternaksac aeWvebda (`aseTi giorgi rogor gavag-
zavno saqarTveloSi! es xom Tavxedobaa!~ – werda igi). pas-
ternaki TviT adresats ase mimarTavda: `geTayva, aCveneT Ci-
qovans da rCeva hkiTxeT. igi erTaderTi adamiania ruseTSi,
vis gemovnebasa da gagebasac SemiZlia davendo~ (pasternaki
1990: 722).
aSkarad Cans, nina mayaSvilma Tavisi ojaxis did megobar-
sa da mfarvels Txovna Seusrula, simon Ciqovans waakiTxa is
varianti da manac daadastura avtoris eWvi, ris Semdegac pas-
ternakma `zRapars~ uyoymanod CamoaSora Seusabamo meoTxe
nawili.
boris pasternaks TviT simon CiqovanTanac hqonda mi-
mowera Tavisi cxovrebis kritikuli periodis Jams, roca
`eqim Jivagos~ gamo (nobelis premiaze uari aTqmevines) saSin-
lad aviwroebdnen, 1957 wlis 23 agvistos peredelkinodan
86
werili gaugzavna simon Ciqovans da sxva ambebTan erTad atyo-
binebda, rom centralur komitetTan da mweralTa kavSirTan
gaurTulda mdgomareoba, rac sikeTes ar uqadda.
poeti grZnobs qariSxlis moaxloebas da Tavis gangaSs um-
xels megobars: `...savsebiT cxadia, rogor sasikvdilo muqa-
rebsa da usiamovnebebs mimalavs yvelaze uaxloesi wlebi~.
iqve sinanuls gamosTqvamda, rom umTavresis moyola ar Se-
eZlo (pasternaki 1922: 553).
meore, moskovidan gamogzavnil baraTs, TariRad igive 1957
wlis 6 oqtomberi, uzis da, ZiriTadad, warmoadgens STabeW-
dilebas tician tabiZeze daweril simon Ciqovanis statiaze,
romelic mas didi kulturis gamovlinebad miaCnia. paster-
naks awuxebs, rom bevri ver Cawvdeba simon Ciqovanis daweri-
lis siRrmes da amitomac kiTxva uCndeba: `visTvis feTqavs
Tqveni Ziebebis ZarRvi, Tqveni sizuste, Tqveni daxvewiloba
da Tqven martosul codnaTa SekumSuloba?~
es is periodia, roca Tavisi romanis gamo boris paster-
naki xelisuflebis mxridan inkvizitorul devnas ganicdida
da guls uxsnis megobars, rasac sxvebTan ar akeTebda. aq unda
movitanoT mcire abzaci maSindeli drois ukuRmarTobaze.
boris pasternaki daufaravad wers:
`nawarmoebis bedi unda gamocalkevdes mwerlis bedisgan,
igi unda iyos damoukidebeli da misgan gansxvavebuli. es
bunebrivia didi adamianebisa da didi literaturis mimarT,
es bavSvebsac ki esmiT xelovnebisTvis bednier epoqaSi, da
amas veravin igebs Cvens droSi, romelic ase cdilobs, adami-
anSi Caklas mxatvari, ase lamobs pirovnebis ganadgurebas,
spobs mis Cveneul gagebas~ (pasternaki 1922: 555).

***
simon Ciqovans mravali usiamovneba Sexvda pirad cxovre-
baSi, magram yvelaze didi saSineleba mxedvelobis dakargva
iyo, misnairi SemoqmedisaTvis, vinc fers gadamwyvet mniS-
vnelobas aniWebda, aseT tragedias veraferi Seanelebda.
erTaderTi nugeSi is iyo, rom misi cxovrebis ganuyreli
87
Tanamgzavri qalbatoni marika eliava yvelafers ukiTxav-
da, rac ainteresebda (am mxriv misi dRiurebi Zvirfas masa-
las iZleva) da Tavis leqsebsac, bolo wlebSi, igi marikas-
ve karnaxobda.
poetis biografiis am yvelaze ufro tragikul momen-
tze bevrma dawera, magram arCil sulakauris darad aravis
dauxatavs TvalisCinwarTmeuli Semoqmedis zemgrZnobi-
are gancdebi, samyaros Secnobis ucnaurad gamZafrebuli,
Seumcdari unari. arCil sulakauri wlebis manZilze muS-
aobda `mnaTobSi~ simon Ciqovanis redaqtorobis dros da
mogvianebiT TviTonac am Jurnalis redaqtori gaxda. ufros
megobarze daweril mis saukeTeso mogonebaSi – `simon Ci-
qovanis gaxseneba~ – vkiTxulobT:
`simon Ciqovani Tavisi bunebiT Semfasebeli, Tu SeiZleba
ase iTqvas, literaturuli iuveliri iyo da, TiTqos es Tvise-
bac Tandayolili hqonda. daxedavda Tu ara, maSinve ityoda,
ra wylis Tvali, an rogori xarisxis oqro iyo an, saerTod,
iyo Tu ara oqro. yalb monetas ver Seatyuebdi~.
amis mere, `mnaTobidan~ sruliad usamarTlod gaTavi-
suflebul da orTav TvaliT dabrmavebul Zvirfas moZR-
varze arCil sulakauri xatovnad, Sekavebuli Sinagani mRel-
varebiT wers:
`bolo xanebSi, batono simoni, daemsgavsa balzakis mo-
xucebul brma iuvelirs, romelsac patiosani Tvlebisa da
oqros elvarebam Tvalebi dauvso. parizis quCebSi moseir-ne
moxuci Seucdomeli alRoTi Cerdeboda im vitrinisa Tu da-
rabis win, romlis miRmac oqro da Tvalmargaliti brwyinav-
da, iuveliri veRar xedavda, magram utyuarad grZnobda maTi
elvarebis sinaRdes~ (mogonebebi ... 2009: 70-71).
visac simon Ciqovanis ganumeorebeli fenomenis, gamor-
Ceuli poeturi samyaros, misi Taviseburebebis TiTqmis
amomwuravi, yovelmxrivi SegrZnoba surs, man uTuod unda
waikiTxos oTar CxeiZis mravalplaniani, ubrwyinvalesi ese
`muza simon Ciqovanisa~, romelic ganuzomlad scildeba
dasaTaurebas (masSi samagaliTod naTqvamia, rom amdeni STa-
88
gonebuli leqsi sayvareli arsebisaTvis qveyanaze arcerT
poets ar miuZRvnia uZvelesi droidan dRevandlamde). eses
avtori ostaturad gadmogviSlis ukve mzeradaSretili
Semoqmedis tragediasa da xasiaTis dafarul Sreebs.
Tu raoden natifi suli hqonda oTar CxeiZis uRalato,
mudam mxarSi mdgom da ukeTureTagan veragulad gametebul
ufros megobars, amis naTelsayofad erTi momxiblavad damux-
tuli da dasuraTxatebuli nawyvetis moxmobac ikmarebs: `...
imis aRtaceba, Tavisebureba Tu ucnauroba isic iyo, rom Se-
eZlo gaxarebuliyo, silamaze daenaxa TviT Cveulebrivsa da
umniSvnelo sagnebSi, erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivsa da umniS-
vneloSi. SeeZlo gaxarebuliyo da saaTobiT xelSi sWero-
da yurZnis mtevani, saaTobiT xelSi sWeroda da erTi ra aris,
erTi calic ar gamoemarcvla, ar daekarebina piri; SeeZlo
aseve atamica sWeroda xelSi, bususiani atami, sWeroda da ar
daesrisa bususi; es bunebis siyvaruli gaxldaT da xilva iyo
mSvenierebisa bunebis nayofSi; es xilva iyo da mgrZnobianoba,
xilva da gancda, es xilva iyo da filosofiuri Wvreta, mis
poeziaSi ro gadadioda~ (mogonebebi ... 2009: 49).
simon Ciqovanisa da marika eliavas urTierTobaze inti-
mur, ojaxur garemoSi bevr saintereso, farTo sazogado-
ebisaTvis ucnob faqts gvawvdis qalbatoni marikas diswu-
li liziko gabunia mSvenier, cocxlad daweril mogonebaSi
`simonTan axlos~ (ilia WavWavaZesa da olRa guramiSvils
Tu ar gavixsenebT, maTnairi harmoniuli da erTmaneTis
moyvaruli col-qmari qarTulma mwerlobam ar icis).
liziko gabunia iSviaTi sinaziTa da poeturobiT xatavs
usayvarles deidasTan erTad Tavisi saamayo biZis uaRresad
adamianur bunebas, xasiaTis keTilSobilebas, imasac, rogor
cdilobda simon Ciqovani yvela niWis Semoqmeds daxmareboda,
maTTvis gza gaekvlia.

89
 ***
Tuki saflavis silamazeze SeiZleba ilaparako, am mxriv
simon Ciqovans namdvilad gaumarTla – ukeTess verafers
inatrebda. misi samudamo gansasvenebeli yvelaze sadad da
mimzidvelad gamoiyureba. mexs TiTqos Suaze gaupiao ruxi
marmarilos lodi; texili, farTo xaziT or nawiladaa gan-
calkevebuli da mainc mTlianad, monoliTad aRiqmeba. SuaSi
Carguli broweulis xe ukve kargad damsxvilebula da gaza-
fxulobiT hyvavis, alisfrad gadavarvarebuli, Semodgoma-
ze nayofiTac ixunZleba.
gvaxsovs, sarecels mijaWvulma, simon Ciqovanis uerT-
gulesma meuRlem qalbatonma marikam gardacvalebis win da-
ibara – Cemi ferfli simonis saflavze moabnieTo. vaJma, nika
Ciqovanma, mTelma sanaTesaom, ojaxis uaxloesma adamianebma
Seusrules ukanaskneli survili. axla ukve, amdeni wlis mere,
marmarilos lodis marcxena mxares, uJangavi liTonis vercx-
lisfer asoebad Camosxmuli misi saxelia dakruli – `mari-
ka~. mSvidad, auRelveblad ver daxedav im moelvare, safla-
viviTve, sada warweras; ramdeni ramis macne da mTqmelia es
erTi sityva. oRond egaa – miwaSi Rrmad CaWrili broweulis
fesvi amaod dauwyebs Zebnas qalis Zvirfas samkauls – os-
tatis xeliT naWed samajurze, rom CaexlarTos da rgolSi
sacecebi gahyos – poetis uWknobma muzam ferflad qceva
isurva.
isic aranakleb sakvirvelia – rogor Sehferis, esadageba
ganuyreli col-qmris saerTo samares epitafiad gamosade-
gi, aRTqmasaviT wminda striqonebi poetisa:

... erTad viyaviT, Cven yovelTvis erTad viyaviT,

sinamdvilea, ar egonos arvis igavi.
dafna rad gvinda, gavexvioT cixis suroSi
da ros movkvdebiT, movTavsdebiT erTad kuboSi.

7 marti, 2014

90
 damowmebani:

asaTiani 1977: asaTiani g. kritikuli dialogebi, werilebi, portrete-

bi, eskizebi. Tbilisi: 1977.
gramova 2006: Грамова Н. Узел, Поэмы: дружбы и разрывы. М.: 2006.
didro 1989: Дидро Д. Салоны. Т. 2. М., 1989.
mogonebebi ... 2009: mogonebebi, werilebi, leqsebi simon Ciqovanze.
Tbilisi: 2009.
pasternaki 1990: Пастернак Б. Собрание сочинений в пяты томах. Т. 3. М.: 1990.
pasternaki 1922: Пастернак Б. Собрание сочинений в пяты томах. Т. 5. М.: 1922.
ratiani 2014: ratiani i. `sabWoTa totalitarizmis epoqa da qarTuli
literaturuli procesi~. qarTuli mwerloba. 10 ianvari, № 1, 2014.
Ciqovani1975: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani oTx tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: 1975.
Ciqovani 2004: Ciqovani s. gaxseneba. Tbilisi: 2004.
Ciqovani 2012: Ciqovani s. mwifobisTveSi Casuli mze. Tbilisi: 2012.
werediani 2012: werediani d. orioni. Tbilisi: 2012.

91
manana yifiani

simon Ciqovanis poeturi gza

simon Ciqovanma qarTul poeziaSi saTave daudo inteleq-

tualur lirikas, romelic XX saukunis msoflio poeziis mo-
napovaria. b. JRenti werda: `yovelgvari xelovnebis aTviseba
SesaZlebelia mxolod asociaciis gziT, rac ufro winaurde-
ba kacobrioba, miT ufro izrdeba misi asociaciuri warmod-
geniTi potencia. amitom kulturuli progresis paralelu-
rad xelovneba Sordeba siuJets~ (JRenti 1925: 64).
inteleqtualuri lirikis safuZvelia asociaciuri po-
eturi saxeebiT azrovneba.
simon Ciqovanma qarTul poeziaSi erT-erTma pirvelma
Semoitana rTuli azrobriv-emociuri datvirTvis asociaci-
uri poeturi saxeebi. s. Ciqovanis leqsi `madli~ swored am
iSviaT poetur saxeebSi mJRavndeba. sagani, romelTanac po-
eti azrobriv mimarTebas ar amyarebs, romelic mis Zlier
gancdebSi ar iWreba, misTvis saintereso ar aris. piruku Sem-
TxvevaSi ki xdeba sagnis an movlenis ara aRwera, an am sagniT
momxdari STabeWdilebis ubralo gadmocema, aramed Caqsova
mis sulier gancdebTan, poetur maragSi myof saxeebTan.
poeti, upirvelesad, individumia garkveuli fsiqikuri
wyobiT, pirovnebaa, gansxvavebuli xasiaTiTa da mimarTebe-
biT (rogorc sakuTari Sida, aseve, saerTod, gare samyaros
mimarT); amdenad, poetis Taviseburi mimarTeba sagnebsa da
movlenebTan, samyaros miseuli aRqma safuZvelia poeturi
individualobisa.
poeturi individualoba marto aRqmis TaviseburebaSi ar
mJRavndeba. igi gulisxmobs agreTve gamoxatvis Sesabamis xe-
rxebsa da poetur teqnikas.
SemoqmedebiTi individualobis Camoyalibebis procesi
vlindeba poetis SemoqmedebiTi momwifebis procesSi. masze
(SemoqmedebiT individualobaze) did gavlenas axdens indi-
viduumis fsiqikuri wyobis mTeli rigi Taviseburebani.
92
 s. Ciqovanis, rogorc fsiqikuri individuumis, Semoqme-
dad Camoyalibebis procesi dakavSirebulia futurizmis
literaturuli skolis gakveTilebTan. literaturis bevri
istorikosi cdilobs, rac SeiZleba swrafad gamoiyvanos
poeti futurizmis periodidan; amiT mTlianad uaryofs am
skolis raime rolis poetis SemoqmedebiTi individualobis
Camoyalibebis procesze. am SemTxvevaSi Cven ar vgulisxmobT
futurizmis msoflmxedvelobas, romelTanac poetma sab-
olood gaaswora angariSi 30-ian wlebSi. aq saubari gveqneba
futurizmis poetikis im Taviseburebebze, romlebTanac s.
Ciqovanis, rogorc pirovnebisa da fsiqikuri individuumis,
misvla iyo bunebrivi movlena da did winaaRmdegobas ar
Seicavda.

***
niko lorTqifaniZis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli qarTul
prozaSi impresionistuli weris maneris SeWra. n. lorTqi-
faniZem wera daiwyo wminda impresionistuli novelebiT,
rogorc Sinaarsis, aseve formis TvalsazrisiT. impresio-
nistuli weris manera moiTxovda xelovanisagan SekumSul,
lakoniur, magram amave dros azrtevad frazas.
niko lorTqifaniZis misvla impresionizmTan ar iyo SemTx-
veviTi. misi, rogorc fsiqikuri individuumis, mTavar Tvise-
bas warmoadgenda SemoqmedebiTi azris afeTqeba Zli-eri
STabeWdilebis zegavleniT, riTac fsiqologiurad momza-
debuli iyo niadagi impresionizmis esTetikisTvis. niko
lorTqifaniZem daiwyo wera wminda impresionistuli nawar-
moebebiT da mis Semoqmedebas bolomde gahyva impresionis-
tuli weris manera, romelmac sakuTari, gansxvavebuli stili
daumkvidra mwerals.
riT SeiZleba aixsnas s. Ciqovanis misvla futurizmis es-
TetikasTan (ufro sworad, futurizmis poetikis mTel rig
TaviseburebebTan)?
futuristuli msoflgageba ikvebeboda intuitivizmis
TeoriiT, romlis Tanaxmadac, SemoqmedebiT process safuZ-
93
vlad udevs intuicia, romelic sruliad damoukidebelia
cnobieri sferosgan da upirispirdeba inteleqts, codnas.
amgvarad, poeti, pirvel yovlisa, unda yofiliyo intu-
iti da unda hqonoda asociaciuri aRqmis didi unari. `Tu
intuiti ara xar, nu gaekarebi poezias!~ – acxadebdnen rusi
futuristebi.
s. Ciqovanis, rogorc indviduumis, fsiqikuri wyobis Ta-
viseburebas warmoadgenda swored mdidari asociaciuri
fantazia da gamaxvilebuli intuicia, romelic kidev ufro
gamoaaSkarava futuristulma eqsperimentebma. Cven ver vi-
tyviT, TiTqos asociaciuri poeturi saxeebiT azrovneba
s. Ciqovans futurizmma aswavla, magram biZgi misca poetis
bunebriv monacemebs da Taviseburi gziT ganaviTara igi. am
mxriv s. Ciqovanma saWiro skola gaiara.
`me, romelmac sakvirveleba daviWire sinamdvileSi~, – es
iyo am skolis yvelaze didi damsaxureba poetis mimarT.

***
saqarTveloSi futurizmis Camoyalibeba sabWoTa xeli-
suflebis damyarebas mohyva; pirveli futuristuli or-
ganizacia Seiqmna 1922 wels. am periodisaTvis italiuri
futurizmi qveynis wamyvan literaturul skolas aRar war-
moadgens, ego- da kubo-futurizmis etapebic Cavlilia. 1922
wels Camoyalibda rusuli konstruqtivizmi.* daaxloebiT
amave periodSi aRwevs saqarTvelomde `dadaizmis~ lite-
raturuli skolis esTetikuri principebic. yovelive aman
gansazRvra saqarTveloSi futurizmis ekleqtikuri xasi-
aTi; ramdenadac futurizmi saqarTveloSi nagvianevi movle-
na iyo, mas saSualeba hqonda gaeTvaliswinebina zemoT aRniS-

* konstruqtivizmi formalisturi mimdinareobaa literaturasa da xe-

lovnebaSi. igi bevrad aris davalebuli futurizmisagan. konstruqtivizmi
ibr-Zvis warsuli xelovnebis winaaRmdeg, saerTod moiTxovs xelovnebis
mospobas. ra gziT SeiZleba moispos xelovneba? igi unda SeuerTdes warmoe-
bas. poets, xelovans, Seclis inJineri, konstruqtori. konstruqtivizmic,
lefis msgavsad, komunisturi sazogadoebis erTaderT xelovnebad Tvlida
Tavis Tavs. igi Tamamad acxadebda: `poeturi konstruqtivizmi – es aris sa-
xelmwifo gegma Tanamedrove poeziisa (zelinski ... 1914: 1).
94
nuli skolebis ZiriTali esTetikuri debulebani da amiT
ganesazRvra sakuTari Teoriebi.
am skolis erT-erTi Teoretikosi s. Ciqovani Tavis weril-
Si `saswrafo ganmarteba Jurnal “H2SO4”-isa~, amgvarad amar-
Tlebs qarTuli futurizmis ekleqtikur bunebas: `parizidan
da moskovidan modioda dadaisturi nisli. am sezonSi Camo-
yalibda warmoebiTi futurizmi da konstruqtivizmi. Tumca
Cven aviReT poeziis revoluciis aucilebloba da terori,
magram SeuZlebeli iyo pirvelyofili futurizmis dawyeba
marto teroris saWiroebisaTvis, rodesac xelovnebis po-
lusebi ruseTsa da ucxoeTSi eleqtronis siswrafiT mieqa-
neboda axali aRmoCenebisaken, miT umetes, “H2SO4”-is sabWo
SemoqmedebiT sruliad daSorebuli iyo omamde arsebul
futurizmis gezs. amave dros, qarTuli poezia igvianebda.
rogorc Cans, Cven movxvdiT poeziis frontze: warmoebiT
futurizms, konstruqtivizmsa da dadas Soris~ (Ciqovani
1924: 4: 2017).
futurizmi saqarTveloSi, ZiriTadad, Camoyalibda
da daixvewa JurnalebSi: “H2SO4” (1924 w.), `literatura da
sxva~ (1925 w.), `memarcxeneoba~ №1 (1927 w.), `memarcxeneoba~
№ 2 (1928 w.), gazeTi `drouli~ (1925 w.). amave periodul
organo-ebSi moxda futurizmis realizmisken gadasvlis
TandaTanobiTi gamokveTac. amitom am Jurnalebis analizi
ZiriTadi amosavalia futurizmis literaturuli skolis
dasaxasiaTeblad.
Tu futuristi poetebi sagnebis aRmniSvnel sityvaTa
calkeul bgerebsa da bgeraTa kavSirebSi eZiebdnen am sagnis
arsis namdvil gamoxatulebas (sakuTari intuiciiT nakarna-
xev axal bgeriT Sesatyvisebsac qmnidnen), am mxriv xalxuri
poezia (maTi azriT) gamzadebul nimuSebs inaxavda, swored
am Tvalsazrisi wamoswies maT win xalxuri poeziis mniSvne-
loba; xalxur poeziaze saubari Semdgom JurnalebSic grZel-
deba, magram Cven SevecdebiT CamovayaliboT futurizmisa da
xalxuri poeziis kavSiri. n. CaCava wers: `Cven, qarTvel futu-
95
ristebs, erovnuli kulturis sakiTxebi ufro gvainteresebs.
Cven Tavidanve qarTuli leqsis, prozis, sityvisa da bgerebis
problembze vmuSaobdiT. mxolod Cvenma organizaciam SeZlo
erovnuli xazis gamonaxva, qarTuli xelovnebis organuli xa-
zis aRdgena~ (CaCava 1925: 2). n. CaCava werilSi `bgeraTa orien-
taciis sakiTxi~ wers: `SemoqmedebisTvis sainteresoa bgeris,
rogorc materialis, damuSavebis sakiTxi.
xalxuri poezis icnobda bgerebis sakiTxs.
aq ganviTarebuli iyo e.w. abertonizmi.
indi-mindi, adandali-dandali.
sityvaSi bgeras meti mniSvneloba aqvs, vinem ganmartebas.
es kargad icis xalxurma Semoqmedebam da xSirad Selocvebi da
gamocanebi yovelive siuJetis gareSe bgeriT struqturazea
aSenebuli. mTeli xalxuri metyveleba primitivis daumuSave-
beli masalaa~ (CaCava 1925, I: 2).
amdenad, futuristebis azriT, es bgeraTa kompleqsebi
sagnis an movlenis pirvel-arsis aRmniSvnel, zust Sesatyvi-
sobas warmoadgenda. unda aRiniSnos, rom xalxur bgeraTa
absurduli kompleqsebi, pirvel yovlisa, emsaxureboda idu-
malebis (gamocanaSi – `abli-babli~) an magiurobis (Selocva-
Si – `alisasa-malisas~) gancdis Seqmnas. xSir SemTxvevaSi es,
TiTqos uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebi, RvTaebaTa saxelebia
(`lali-lale~, amis paraleluri `dalale dali~, `lal~), am-
denad, es bgeraTa kompleqsebi, ZiriTadad, am TvalsazrisiT
unda SevafasoT. Tumca zogierT poets arc es mxare aqvs yu-
radRebis gareSe darCenili. s. Ciqovanis leqsSi `cira~ bge-
raTa kompleqsebi `aido-baidebs~, `odelaido-bude~, `odela-
ido ca~ – idumalebisa da SeSfoTebis gancdas qmnian.
n. CaCava Tavis leqsebs xalxuri leqsalobis tonze qmnis.
am mxriv aRsaniSnavia `xismanduri~ da `Tvali mrude~.

96
 `xismunduri~

xvali
utirale
ingi
monalingi
arCa
xabalarCa.
(CaCava 1925, I: 17)

`Tvali mrude~

Tvali mrude,
Tvali
brali
gangeb abezaruli
farCa norCi
oqroT
oqro
uxvad gamodarebuli.
(CaCava 1925, I: 21)

s. Ciqovani xalxuri Selocvis Targze `Wris~ Tavis leqss:

guli – sagule
da gadagulineba.
gulxe-gulxeoba. gulxevi-
wyroma gauwyaro.
guli-daguli
gulqva gaqvavdi. gulagul
gigule wynar gulo, guldaguli
gulmSrali gamwyrali aagulo.
sagule migule, egouls mamomSarara guli
Sarageli, egouli da a.S.
(Ciqovani 1925: 2)

97
 aseTive xasiaTisaa n. CaCavas leqsi `Zilgatexils~.
amdenad, qarTvelma futuristebma TavianTi roSaris da-
sayrdeni xalxur poeziaSi hpoves da amaSi dainaxes swored
qarTuli xelovnebis organuli xazis aRdgena.
xalxuri poeziis elementebiT gamdidrebuli `roSari~*
met saSualebas miscems poets axali sagnebis SenebaSi.
s. Ciqovari werilSi – `axali xelovnebis faqtebi~ wers:
`Cven mier gacocxlebuli iqna xalxuri poezia. ukanaskne-
lis Semoqmedebis bgerebis struqturis daxmarebiT, Cven
SevZeliT gardagveqmna xelovnebis aSenebis meTodebi. Cven
amiT aRvadgineT qarTuli xelovnebis organuli kavSiri~
(Ciqovani 1925: 2).
garda amisa, futuristebis azriT, xalxuri leqsebi ufro
gamZlea da didxans cocxloben, vidre klasikuri nimuSebi.
biZina abulaZe werilSi: `ufro mets mobrunebul fokusSi~
wers: `sakvirveli araa, rom Tanamedrove qarTveli `uflis-
cixeli patarZliT~ ufro erToba, vinem d. guramiSvilis an
ilias da akakis leqsebiT. mosaxsenebelia agreTve sasimRero
leqsebi. `abadelia~, `lale~ – da sxv., romelTac ufro meti
pirdapiri daniSnuleba aqvT musikis dargSi, an leqsis musi-
kalur teqnikaSi~ (abulaZe 1925: 8).
futuristebisaTvis mniSvnelovani iyo ara marto sagne-
bisa da movlenebis metad Taviseburi aRqma da warmosaxva,
aramed maTi aRmniSvneli sityvebis metad Taviseburi gage-
bac; isini tradiciul saxes ukargavdnen ara marto sagnebs,
aramed maTs aRmniSvnel sityvebsac. poetisTvis pirvel-
xarisxovani iyo, Tavad ras karnaxobda esa Tu is sityva akus-
tikuri TvalsazrisiT da Semdeg is Sinaarsi, romelzec igi
miuTiTebda. S. alxaziSvili werilSi `Ppoezia~ wers: `yoveli
sityva jer xma aris, mere Sinaarsi. amitom yoveli sityva mi-
* demna Sengelaias statia `taqtilizmi~ ganmartebulia terminebi: `taqti-
lizmi – uSualod sagnis SexebasTan aris dakavSirebuli da danarCeni oTxi
grZnoba am SemTxvevaSi gamoricxulia... Cveni taqtilika niSnavs nivTis ide-
amde dasvlas, sagnis TavisTavadobis miwvdomis cdas, nivTis intimobamde
dasvlas... Semoqmedi sagnis pirvelxilvisas axdens mis saxels da ibadeba is
bgeradi leqsebi, romelTac Cven aseTi Seuferebeli saxeli davarqviT – roS-
va~ (Sengelaia 1925: 2).
98
saRebia individualurad. mag. CemTvis sityva `ofli~ ufro
lamazia, vidre `vardi~. azri, idea, Sinaarsi meore xarisxis
ekvivalentia~, radgan poetebma sityvebs daukarges Tavi-
anTi mniSvneloba da bgerebis Tavmoyrad gamoacxades, ami-
tom sityvaSi calkeul bgerebs misces Tavisufleba. s. Ci-
qovanis azriT, futuristi poetebis mTeli damsaxureba,
simbolistebTan SedarebiT, aris, rom maT leqsis bgeriTi
fonologia Temis raobis fons SeuTanxmes (sxva mxriv, amas
bgerebis Seneba ewodeboda), da rom yovel poetSi Semodis
bgerebis fiziologiuri gancda da es gancda leqsSi ar unda
daikargos. s. Ciqovani werilSi `axali xelovnebis faqtebi~
wers: `bgerebis fiziologiaze dasvliT aramcTu movspeT
Cven qarTuli xelovneba, aramed gavacocxleT misi Zireuli
gancda~ (Ciqovani 1925, II: 81).
sailustraciod SegviZlia moviyvanoT n. CaCavas `orkes-
truli leqsebi~, romlebSic Sinaarsi mTlianad uaryofi-
lia. magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT s. Ciqovanis mosazrebas `Te-
mis raobis fonis~ Sesaxeb, maSin am leqsebSic aRmovaCenT am
fonis Sesabamis bgeriT akustikas. n. CaCavas leqsis `abreSumi
TiTistarze~ Temis foni TavisTavad gansazRvrulia. darCa
mxolod is bgeriTi Sesityveba, romelsac gamoscems, poetis
azriT, abreSumis TiTistarze daxvevis momenti.

abreSumi, Sumi,
meabreSume.
Sara
mardaT
damidabreSume.
TiTistari agebuli
kube gobi,
gube damidagebule... da sxv.
(CaCava 1925, I: 21)

anda leqsi `haerodromze~

99
 qars hqonda frTa
frantali
qari gafrinda,
qars gahyva cindali
erTi cida.
(CaCava 1925, I: 18)

amave xasiaTisaa s. Ciqovanis leqsebi: `primitivi simReri-

sa masala `cira~ da `mekambeCeebis urmuli~. magaliTisaTvis
moviyvanT `ciras~.
leqsis Sinaarsobrivi foni Semdegia – itaceben ciras,
mihyavT Sors. cira sasowarkveTilia, cira ganicdis. mTeli
ganwyobileba am situaciisa poetis mier imgvar bgeriT samo-
selSia gaxveuli, romlis akustikuri JReradobac `Seesaba-
meba~ mocemul situacias:

bude baidebs
bude baidebs
cira muxlebze gul-filtvs daidebs,
aida-baidebs, aido-baidebs
cira warba, cira warba,
cira warbi warbenili
cakuTxedi, cakuTxeri, xidbogiri
odelaido bude, odelaido ca _
mdinaris piras cxenebis mocda.
(Ciqovani 1925, II: 18)

pirveli striqoniT SesaZlebeli xdeba warmodgena imisa,

Tu rogor ugeben ciras maxes (`b~ da `d~ bgerebis xSiri mo-
nacvleoba `badis~ warmosaxvaSi gvexmareba).
`cira muxlebze gul-filtvs daidebs~ – cira Cafiqrebu-
la, SesaZlebelia imis warmodgenac, Tu rogor zis cira.
`cira warba, cira warba, cira warbi warbenili~ – ciram es
wuTia Tvali mohkra gamtaceblebs, sasowarkveTaSi Cavarda,
igi uceb mixvda Tavis ubedurebas.

100
 `cakuTxedi, cakuTxeri, xidbogiri~ – ciras ukanaskneli
imedi gamosWvivis, is jer kidev xedavs nacnob adgilebs, Tum-
ca ukve mekobreebis xelSia da `mdinaris piras cxenebis moc-
da~ – es ukve yvelafris dasasrulia: cira moitaces.
es leqsi erTaderTia, romelic am tipis leqsebidan Se-
morCa s. Ciqovanis poezias. am leqsSi poetma miaRwia im bge-
riT JReradobas, romelmac SeZlo leqsis Sinaarsobrivi fo-
nis Sesabamisi ganwyobis gadmocema.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, futuristebisaTvis sagnebis
axleburad gancdis erT-erTi piroba iyo saganTa dayirave-
bulad warmodgena, e.w. sagnebiT Jonglioroba. am mxriv, aR-
saniSnavia s. Ciqovanis leqsi `revolucionur mindvrebis Se-
saxeb~, romelic poeturi eqsperimentis Targebs scildeba
da damoukidebel poetur Rirebulebas iZens.

Savi nabdebi, cxenis xazebiT, Zma yazaxebi,

isrodnen velebs, isrodnen dons da volgis napirebs,
da uralebi gaWinTuli paraleli grZel yazaremebis
iyo maxnoelT, gadamyofi rogorc bogiri da a.S.
(Ciqovani 1925, II: 27)

leqsi revoluciur Temazea Seqmnili. masSi aRwerilia

maxnoelTa ganadgureba wiTeli armiis mier. am leqsSi moZ-
raobaSia moyvanili yvela konkretuli sagani, romelic ki
monawileobs brZolis procesSi (Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas),
TiTqos ekranze vxedavdeT, kadrs kadri cvlis, erTi Sexed-
viT, warmoudgeneli poeturi svlebi Cvens warmodgenaSi Se-
sabamis realur suraTs qmnis. es leqsi aRsaniSnavia imiT, rom
s. Ciqovanma pirvelad Tavis TanamebrZolTagan gansxvavebiT,
sityvebiT Jonglioroba movlenis arss daukavSira. es aSkara
futuristuli varjiSi poetur Rirebulebad aqcia da amiT
leqss arsebobis uflebac moupova. am lqsebis analizi cxad-
yofs, rom SeuZlebelia mTlianad Sinaarsis formasTan ga-
igiveba. marTalia, Sinaarsis cnebis mTlianoba darRveulia,
uaryofilia idea, magram Temis saWiroebis aRiarebas versad
101
wauvidnen. Teoriuli dogma Temasac uaryofda. magram po-
eturma praqtikam sxva aCvena – Sinaarsi TemasTan gaaigiva. e.i.
aucilebelia Tematuri foni da am fonis Sesatyvisi bgerob-
rivi samoseli. Jurnalis `literatura da sxva~ poeturi
praqtikis Sedegi Semdgom JurnalSi Teoriul dogmad iqca.
yvela `izmi~ TeoriaSi mudam bevrad ufro radikaluri
Canda, vidre praqtikaSi. Zneli iyo `sagnebis Senebis~ princi-
piT leqsebis Seqmna. rac unda gaeigivebinaT Teoretikosebs
forma SinaarsTan, leqsSi konkretuli saTqmeli mainc ikve-
Teboda da leqsic garkveul Temaze iqmneboda. Tu “H2SO4”-Si
moTavsebuli leqsebis umetesoba gaugebari da bundovani
iyo, an saerTod ar warmoadgenda leqss (radganac iq, sadac
Tematuri foni ar igrZnoboda, ingreoda mTeli leqsis Se-
nobac), `literatura da sxva~ am mxriv sxva suraTs gviCve-
nebs. aq moTavsebuli leqsebis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia Tvali
gavadevnoT futuristuli leqsis realizmisaken Semobru-
nebis process. pirvel yovlisa, es igrZnoba leqsSi Temis
SeWriT. am JurnalSi pirvelad gamoCnda revoluciur Temaze
Seqmnili leqsebi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, revolucia xelovnebaSi ar gulisx-
mobda futuristebisaTvis revoluciur Temebze weras.
revoluciis Tema ukve socialuri TematikiT dainterese-
bas niSnavda da, amdenad, poeziac axali cxovrebis amsaxveli
xdeboda. es ki ewinaaRmdegeboda futurizmis debulebas
cxovrebisa da xelovnebis urTierTobis Sesaxeb.
JurnalSi daibeWda s. Ciqovanis leqsi `wina dReebi – mos-
kovSi~. leqsi miznad isaxavs revoluciuri moskovis Cvene-
bas. nawyvet-nawyvet, fragmentuladaa gadmocemuli qalaqis
yoveldRiuri yofis suraTebi, magram yvelaferi danaxulia
futuristi poetis TvaliT, romelsac SeuZlia Rrublebs
klasikuri uwodos (radganac isini mudmivad arseboben da
radganac es Rrublebi `klasikuria~, maT mxolod mavneb-lo-
bis motana SeuZliaT);

102
 qalaqis grafika, modis tramvai
cilindriT.
klasikur Rrublebs kontrabandiT
moaqvT zamTari.
reportiorma daatyveva feletoni dro
da gazeTebi gamoscemen brZanebiT terors.
rogorc tenori dgas qalaqSi Zegli puSkinis.
(Ciqovani 1925, II: 45)

tenori da Zegli – ori, sruliad gansxvavebuli sagani,

erTmaneTTan TiTqmis daukavSirebeli (erTi abstraqtuli
da meore konkretuli), magram poeti axerxebs maT Soris aso-
ciaciuri kavSiris damyarebas da moxdenil poetur Seda-
rebad ayalibebs. imis nacvlad rom daewera, Ceqmiani xalxi
garbiso, s. Ciqovani iZleva swored ekranisTvis damaxasiaTe-
bel sagnis moZraobas:

mirbis da mirbis trotuari Ceqmis quslebiT.

amave JurnalSi daibeWda s. Ciqovanis leqsi `myinvari~. am

leqsiT poeti amJRavnebs Tavis damokidebulebas klasikuri
memkvidreobisadmi. myinvari Zveli poetebis Wvretis sagani
iyo da igi yovelTvis pativiscemisa da mowiwebis grZnobas
aRZravda maTSi. poeti-futuristi gadawyvets Tamamad mo-
epyras myinvars da amiT igi ukadnierdeba im poetebsac, rom-
lebic Tayvans scemdnen mas:

ideq, myinvaro, mediduri qudgadaxdili

da gamozrdili gamosrolil yinvis SubebiT,
saukuneni sxeul dacvlili
gars Semomertynen WavWavaZeTa maRal SublebiT.
axla me minda, rom dagadga fexi marjvena,
aswie zeviT gumbaTebi mrRvevi Rrublebis,
minda rom iyo Cem azrebiT morjulebuli
hoi, myinvaro, amarTulo mTebis zurgebze.
(Ciqovani 1925, II: 46)

103
 Tu i. WavWavaZis `aCrdilis~ moxuci myinvarze idga da po-
etis azrebi iqidan ifrqveoda da es azrebi da survilebi mis
TanamedroveT, mis epoqas ekuTvnoda, axla futurist poets
surs, myinvarze fexi daadgas da iqidan iqadagos Tavisi epo-
qis moTxovnebi.

minda rom iyo Cem azrebiT morjulebuli.

es iyo Taviseburi gapaeqreba Zveli Taobis poetebTan

da, amave dros, qarTul poeziaSi damkvidrebis erTgvari
pretenziac.

***
`unda mepovna ucxo napiri~...

1922 wels Seiqmna qarTveli futuristebis quTaisis gan-

yofileba, romlis wevradac iTvleboda s. Ciqovani. poeti
1911 wlidan quTaisSi cxovrobda. is jer kidev cameti wlis
iyo, rodesac `cisferyanwelebi~ gamoCndnen da quTaisic
pirveli poeturi aurzauris mowme gaxda. cota xanSi Tavad
gaexvia poeziis oromtrialSi. axali cxovreba misgan raRac
axlis, gansxvavebulis Tqmas moiTxovda da masac egona, unda
eTqva:
muSas ar uyvars bulbuli,
arc bulbuls uyvars muSis xma,
amitom mokvda bulbuli,
amitom vardi Camoxma.
(`xasiaTi da simRera~)
(Ciqovani 1932: 21)

es iyo 1922 wels. magram es ar aRmoCnda axali. sul ufro da

ufro izrdeboda poeziaSi sakuTari xmis, axalaRmoCenis dam-
kvidrebis survili. mogvianebiT leqsSi `cxovrebis gzaze~ am
periodis Sesaxeb poeti dawers.

mSier-mwyurvali da usaxlkaro,
cxeniT gavyevi papis nakvalevs,
104
 viyav ubiri da uangaro
da puris yua sagzlad makmares.

meguleboda gza pirdapiri,

gzaze mCxvletavi xSiri ekali,
unda mepovna ucxo napiri
da Tundac merme mexs movekali.
(`cxovrebis gzaze~. Ciqovani 1965: 30)

poetisTvis es ucxo napiri im periodisTvis marTlac

ucxo da uCveulo futuristuli esTetika aRmoCnda. fu-
turizmi momavlis xelovnebad acxadebda Tavs da momavali
cxovrebiT dainteresebuli poetic ukve 1922 wlidan fu-
turizmis frontze ibrZoda. brZola daiwyo Teoriuli wer-
ilebiT. pirveli misi werili iyo `saswrafo ganmarteba Ju-
rnal “H2SO4”-isa~; aqedan moyolebuli, s. Ciqovani leqsebTan
erTad, JurnalebSi Teoriul werilebsac aqveynebda da am
werilebis gadaxedvisas grZnob, Tu rogor sjeroda Tavad
poets futuristuli xelovnebis miznisa da am miznis misaR-
wevi saSualebebis; sjeroda, rom axali cxovrebis samsaxur-
Si iyo da axal cxovrebas aSenebda. am momentis Sesaxeb Tavad
poeti aRniSnavda 1926 wels:
me Sedegi var axal dReebis
da am dReebis Segnebulad gamoyenebis.
(`Cemi sityva Cems Sesaxeb~)

es iyo simon Ciqovanis futurizmTan misvlis erTi mniS-

vnelovani faqtorTagani. meore, ramac miizida poeti, iyo
futuristuli poetikis mTeli rigi Taviseburebani, rac gan-
pirobebuli iyo futuristuli msoflaRqmis specifikiT.
es ori momenti gansazRvravda s. Ciqovanis misvlas fu-
turizmis literaturul skolasTan. futuristul msofl-
mxedvelobasTan poetma 30-ian wlebSi gaaswora angariSi
yovelgvari recidivebis gareSe. futuristulma poetikam ki
didi roli iTamaSa misi poeturi individualobis Camoyali-
bebis procesSi.
105
 ***
me saukunis qselSi gavebi
da im mTis Tavzec Cemi oflia.

1924-1925 wlebSi s. Ciqovani, ZiriTadad, formalisturi

ZiebebiT iyo gatacebuli. futuristulma Temebma mis poe-
ziaSi intensiurad 1926 wlidan moikida fexi, 1927 wels ki igi
mebrZol poeziad iqca.
1924-25 wlebSi s. Ciqovani mtkiced misdevda futuristi
Teoretikosebis moTxovnas – revolucia poeziaSi ar gu-
lisxmobs revoluciur Tematikaze weras, amitom misi am pe-
riodis leqsebic gamoirCevian wminda formalisturi Ziebe-
biT. Tumca amave, 1925 wels, daweril leqsSi `myinvars~ poeti
cdilobs, gansazRvros Tavisi damokidebuleba klasikuri
mwerlobisadmi da futuristuli esTetikis ZiriTadi prin-
cipis erTguli rCeba.
s. Ciqovans, n. baraTaSvilis msgavsad, surda, yofili-
yo Tavisi eris tkivilebis matarebeli, gamxdariyo Tavisi
epoqis centraluri gmiri. igi imeorebda baraTaSvilis
Temebs, damkvidrebul poetur saxeebs da amiT surda, gmi-
ris xelaxali dabadeba eRiarebina. am survils amZimebda
futuristebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ambicia da preten-
ziuloba, romelsac xSirad mkrexelobamdec mihyavda poeti.
radgan futuristuli msoflmxedveloba – es iyo uRmerTo
SemoqmedTa msoflaQRqma: `me saukunis qselSi gavebi da im
mTis Tavzec Cemi oflia~, – werda poeti am periodis Sesaxeb
da, marTlac, `uRmerTo saukunis qselSi gabmuli codvis
ofliTaa~ nacvari misi futuristuli leqsebis Tematika.
rac Seexeba poetikas, aqve ukve gvaqvs cocxali, mfeTqavi,
yuradsaRebi, avtoris mier poeturad gaazrebuli, mxatv-
ruli saxeebi:

da TefSebiviT gulwrfel sivrceebs

axuravT Tavze WiqebiviT Rrma varskvlavebi.
..................

106
 Tu CagivardaT TvalSi varskvlavi,
nu aswevT wamwams,
Sevuberav suls da amovagdeb
davyri cTomilebs Tqvens winaSe,
winwklis klanWians
da Tqveni Tvalebi gvritebiviT Casxdebian
rbil savarZlebSi.
........................
Tqveni Tvalebi, aSverili, mzis molodinSi
varskvlavebad darCnen zecaSi, da a. S.

1926 welsaa dawerili `miZRvna nikoloz baraTaSvils~.

igi winapari poetis Temis gagrZelebaa:

da Tu Sen fiqrob,
jer me bavSvi var,
sibrZnis kbili jerac maklia,
da Zlier vCqarob,
rom vamzadeb sameranod
dadaRul kvicebs.
me gipasuxeb: guli didi maqvs
adamianTa var saZirkveli
da Seni sisxli
Cem ZarRvSi rom sdgas
STamomavlobas me davumtkiceb!
(Ciqovani 1932: 169)

rogorc viciT, futuristi poetebi kategoriulad uar-

yofdnen warsulis poezias. n. baraTaSvilTan s. Ciqovanis
sulieri naTesaoba imdenad Zlieria, rom poeti ver faravs
siyvarulsa da pativiscemas mis mimarT. amave wels daweril
leqsSi `s. Ciqovanis naxtomi~ poeti danaSaulad miiCnevs war-
suli poeziisadmi siyvarulisa da madlierebis grZnobas. am
leqsSi erTmaneTs ebrZvis `ho~ da `ara~; miReba da uaryofa,
`xom SeiZleba daiRupos baraTaSvilic?~ – kiTxulobs SeS-
107
foTebuli poeti, magram mas mainc ver SeuTavsebia erTma-
neTTan Zvelis siyvaruli da axlis samsaxuri:

Zvel Ciqovanis davangrie gulis ficari

da drois droSa sixaruliT avafriale.
(Ciqovani 1932: 144)

sul cota xnis Semdeg iwereba leqsi `poetis ganmarteba~

aseTi qvesaTauriT – `Cemi danaSaulidan~; romelSic poeti
pirdapir acxadebs:

baraTaSvilis da WavWavaZis
me var modgma da pirdapiri STamomavali.
(Ciqovani 1932: 216)

sakuTari leqsis tradiciuloba poets danaSaulad miaC-

nda. amdenad, s. Ciqovanma ver SeZlo warsulis damsaxurebis,
sakuTari leqsis tradiciis uaryofa. swored amis Sesaxeb
werda igi mogvianebiT leqsSi `cxovrebis gzaze~:

ar damikargavs mSoblis beWedi,

ar amomSrala wyaro patara,
damartyi rozgi, Tu daeWvdebi,
me SemiZlia bevris atana!
(Ciqovani 1965: 31)

imave 1926 welsa dawerili leqsi `wvimis qveS~. am leqss

poetma mogvianebiTac moawera xeli mciredi SesworebebiT:

wvima Camodis, akvnesebs simebs, danestil simebs...

wvima wuxils Slis, am mwuxrs akvnesebs,
rom wamoxvedi, am wvimaSi Cemi bralia,
momiaxlovdi – wvima Srialebs, xeli momxvie.
Sen soveli xar qalwulobis yovel rbilamde,
mec soveli var, sinidisis davrCi amara.

108
 netav Cems sxeuls am sinestiT mainc sZinavdes
da ar eZebdes ufskrulebis gamrRvev kamaras...
soveli vrCebiT mTawmindaze, mxolod me da Sen
da verasodes ver gavSrebiT guSindeliviT.
(Ciqovani 1932: 299)

am leqsSi Tavs iCens futuristi poetis sruliad mo-

ulodneli, faqizi, lirizmiT savse damokidebuleba siy-
varulis mimarYT; magram yvelaze metad yuradRebas ipyrobs
am lirizmis gamoxatvis saSualebani. s. Ciqovani am leqsSi
gvevlineba situaciuri ganwyobilebis gadmocemis iSviaT
ostatad. igi ara marto xedavs suraTs, aramed grZnobs
situaciasac: `Sen soveli xar qalwulobis yovel rbilamde,
mec soveli var sinidisis davrCi amara~... ibadeba saocari
siaxlove, romelic poets aTqmevinebs: `da verasodes ver
gavSrebiT guSindeliviT~.
1927 wels daweril leqsebSi TandaTan ukan ixevs futu-
ristuli poetikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli eqstravagantu-
ri poeturi saxeebi, bundovaneba. leqsSi mTeli sisruliT
ikveTeba saTqmeli. amave dros, axali ZaliT iSleba futu-
ristuli Tematika: brZola lirikis winaaRmdeg, urbanizmis
motivebi, brZola memarjvene poetebTan, sakuTari damsa-
xurebis gadaWarbebiT Sefaseba. gvxvdeba socialisturi
mSeneblobisadmi miZRvnili leqsebic. didia maiakovskis me-
brZoli leqsis gavlenac.
brZola lirikis winaaRmdeg

davartyaT TavSi lirikas Ceqma

da davadinoT cisferi sisxli.
Sromis dideba tvinSi CaisxiT,
iyaviT naTel amindebiviT,
mieciT Tqvens Tavs Tqven angariSi
rogor giSvelaT sabWoTa xanam
gviCveneT puric, cxovelis jiSic,
da daexmareT axal qveyanas!
(`mosavlis dResaswauli~. Ciqovani 1932: 37)

109
 aqedan ukve sul erTi nabijia futuristuli principebis
uaryofamde da sakuTari Secdomebis aRiarebamde.

es iyo guSin da winaT kidev –

azrebs vxerxavdi mWreli birdabir,
me Secdomebi kuziviT vzide,
Semdeg Secdomebs Sevetake- Sevxvdi pirispir.
sxvagan Seqmnili moxvel poeti,
ukve muxlSi grZnob droebis saxsars, –
kolumbic zRvaSi sdevda indoeTs
da gemis ltolvam sxva mxare gaxsna.
Zveli `me~ sdgas da darcxveniT gimzers,
momeci xeli, gavswioT Zmurad.
guli guls icnobs da gmirs mSobeli,
Sen cxovrebas hqmni, me Senze suraTs.
(`gmiri da win~. Ciqovani 1932: 45)

es leqsi `gmiri da win~ daiwera 1932 wels. amdenad, sabWoTa

cxovrebis samsaxurma poeti TandaTan miiyvana futuristu-
li msoflmxedvelobis uaryofamde. 30-iani wlebidan s. Ci-
qovani, rogorc futuristi poeti, aRar arsebobs. 1935 wels
igi wers:

ar daijero TiTqos odesme

mSoblisTvis meTqvas yalbi striqoni.
rac Cem leqsebSi cudad mogesma,
me TviT ara var misi momgoni.
Tu SemeSala warsulSi rame,
es siWabukis borZiki iyo,
me bewvis xidze gadavel Rame
da cremli momwyda varskvlavis sisxo.
mec vaxmaure Cemi naRara,
Tmas miRebavda ganvlili wlebi.
Tu gazafxulic wlebma maxara,
ra vuyoT mere, xandaxan vcdebi.
110
 me SeveCvie Cems siymawviles,
Cemi aprilis gafrenil iebs,
me xalxis guli gavinawile
da is Wabukur wlebs mapatiebs.
(`pasuxis magier~. Ciqovani 1932: 129)

***
kolumbic zRvaSi sdevda indoeTs
da gemis ltolvam sxva mxare gaxsna.

aRsaniSnavia, rom s. Ciqovanis adrindeli periodis leq-

sebi imTaviTve gamoirCeoda sxva futuristebis poeziisgan.
masSi namdvili poeti izrdeboda da mis mier memarjveneebze
naTqvami – `me TqvenSi vCandi, viT xeebSi sdgas magnolia~, mis
TanamebrZolebs ufro exeboda.
1924 welsave daweril leqsSi – `sidu~ pirvelad gamom-
JRavnda poetis gamaxvilebuli intuituri aRqmis, sagnebisa
da movlenebis Taviseburi aRbeWdvis gansakuTrebuli unari,
leqsis calkeul striqonebSi poetma Seumcdarad gadmosca
Svilis dakargviT SeZrwunebuli dedis tragedia – sibnelis
winaSe mdgari deda (am sibnelem misi Svili STanTqa) gaurkvev-
lobam da idumalebam sabolood gatexa – `gawvdil mklave-
biT dedam sivrce moimduria~, im wuTSi sibnele dedisTvis
yvelaze didi mteria:

mTeli qveyana dedisaTvis sibneliT styuis.

aq poeti dedis sulier gancdaTa gadmosacemad ar mimar-

Tavs Cveul gzas – ar gamoxatavs dedis aqtiur moqmedebas.
deda xmasac ar iRebs, aq Cans dedis mimarTeba gare sagnebisad-
mi – deda da sibnele, deda da zRva da amiT erTi xelis mosmiT
iqmneba situaciuri ganwyobac:

bneli Ramea, CrdiloeTidan zRvauri zmuis,

cidan elvebi natexebis alvebze styuis.
111
 gzis gadadgmuli nabijebi bnelSi qrebian.

aseve zustadaa gadmocemuli situaciuri ganwyoba 1925

wels daweril leqsSi: `zamTris gadmocema xmaurSi~.

au, siCumea Tu damxrCvali xma.

`damxrCvali xma~ TavisTavad mSvid siCumes ar gulisxmobs,

es ukve dramagadatanili siCumea, sasowarkveTilebis Semdeg
damdgari zamTris siCume ar iyo ubralo siCume – poets amis
Tqma surda.
1924 wels dawerili `orkestruli leqsebisTvis~ damaxasi-
aTebelia swored ganwyobis zusti gadmocema. xSirad Sinaar-
si bundovania, magram poetis sevdiani Tu mxiaruli ganwyo-
bileba mkiTxvelamde cxadad aRwevs.
ociani wlebis meore naxevari savsea futuristuli eqs-
perimentebiT. s. Ciqovanma, Tavisi Tanamokalmeebisgan gansx-
vavebiT, SeZlo futuristuli Teoriisa da praqtikis Sexa-
meba. es Tavisebur sirTules warmoadgenda da poetis niWmac
swored aq iCina pirvelad Tavi. am mxriv, rogorc aRvniSneT,
yuradRebis Rirsia `primitivi simRerisa – masala `cira~ da
`revolucionuri mindvrebis Sesaxeb~. sagnebiT Jonglioro-
ba futuristebTan am sagnebis axleburad aRqmis saSualeba
iyo. leqsi `revolucionuri mindvrebis Sesaxeb~ am meTodi-
Taa Seqmnili: rac SeiZleba bevr sagans mieRo monawileoba po-
etur aqtSi, rac SeiZleba gansxvavebuli da daukavSirebeli
yofiliyo es sagnebi erTmaneTTan. am mxriv gamoirCeva poetis
futuristeli poema `fiqrebi mtkvris piras~:

rogor iqneba, mokla frinveli, gauputavad

gadaugdo ZaRls naqloSinars,
iyo TbilisSi da awve tfiliss momRlel bargiviT
CaRamebul bnel kaloSiviT.
rodesac gamovdivar da verekebi baRebis Zeglebidan
Citunebs JiviliT da Rrublebs vgrZnob, viT Cems
oTaxis kuTxeebSi obobas qselebs,
me vxsni ajanyebisTvis Sekrul ujredebs.
112
 vkiTxulob cxovrebis cnobebs
siamovnebagaxsnil leqsebiT,
roca eyvinTebaT moqalaqeebs da Senobebi
moyvebian dasaZinebeli kuWebiviT
taxtebis WriWins.
viTvli varkvlavebs, SeSinebuli meWeWebiT
cremls vRvri TiTebze.
(Ciqovani 1925: 4)

am nawyvetidan Cans, Tu rogor cdilobs futuristi

poeti, yvelafers Tvali moavlos da sakuTar uwesrigo
asociaciebs leqsSi adgili misces. SemdgomSi garegnulad
`Tvalis movlebis~ am Cvevam poetis gancdaTa siRrmeSi ga-
dainacvla. erTmaneTs daukavSira sxvadasxva mniSvnelobisa
da daniSnulebis sagnebi, magram ara zereled, garegnulad,
aramed Sinaganad azrobriv-emociur uzogades kavSir-Tvi-
sebaTa safuZvelze. erTi saxe poetTan SeiZleba: `gaJrJole-
bac~ iyos, `aprilis rtoc~, `ganSorebac~, `mTvaris Crdilic~,
`siymawvilis mofonebac~, `Tvalis Cinic~ da `gafrenili
mogonebac~:
axla SoriT mxvdebi marto,
nuTu Sen xar adrindeli gaJrJoleba,
motexili aprilis rto
da cxovrebis napuralze ganSoreba?
nuTu Sen xar mTvaris Crdili
gazafxulze siymawvilis mogoneba,
dakarguli Tvalis Cini
da TeTr xidze gafrenili mogoneba.
(`TeTri xidi~. Ciqovani 1963: 22)

am striqonebidan naTlad Cans, Tu rogor Tavisuflad

flobs poeti `sagnebsa~ da `movlenebs~, rogor Tavisuflad
axamebs maT erTmaneTTan. sruliad sxvadasxva mniSvnelo-
bis sagnebi erTmaneTis gverdiT TiTqos jadosnur kavSirs
amyareben da poetur saswaulebad iqcevian:
113
 xan mTesveli var da xan meTevze,
mec oblis kverTxi adre vixemse,
aRbeWdili var gremis kedlze,
xvamlis mTaze da Tmogvis cixeze,
ar menatreba TeTri sibere,
isev mkvebaven muxis fesvebi,
frTebi momces da mec Sevifere
da cas varskvlavebs davesesxebi.
(`ar dammSvendeba~. Ciqovani 1963: 24)

aqlemebiviT gamodian mwuxris Crdilebi,

cixis kedlebi da cacxvebi erTad grovdeba,
TiTqos varskvlavni amovkortne grZeli frCxilebiT
da frinveliviT SeRameba miaxlovdeba.
(`Seni Crdilis saZebnad~. Ciqovani 1965: 37)

TiTqos kalmis erTi mosmiT fexze dgebodes mTeli po-

eturi samyaro. saganTa aseTi mravalferovani moZaleba le-
qsSi uTuod futuristuli poetikis xangrZlivi gavlenis
Sedegia. poets TiTqos ar akmayofilebs Tavisi Tavis Sedar-
eba mxolod `mTesvelTan~, is aucileblad `meTevzecaa~, is
ara marto `gremis kedelzea~ aRbeWdili, aramed `xvamlis
mTazec~, `Tmogvis cixezec~. es sagnebi TiTqos TavisTavad
lagdebian erTmaneTis miyolebiT da es asociaciebi daus-
ruleblad gagrZeldeboda, rom poeti droze ar uyrides
maT Tavs. uneburad gvaxsendeba marinetis moTxovna: saganTa
aRqma analogiebiT, dinamikaSi. amdenad, sityvebiT Jonglio-
robidan saTave daedo poetis mravalferovan Sinagan po-
etur xedvas.

***
pirveli asociaciuri poeturi saxeebi simon Ciqovanis
leqsebSi ase gamoiyureba:

sxeuli Crdili Conguris

mowyena xar da gabedva.

114
 an: mTebi maRlebi, moxrilebi rogorc glexebi,

an: moCans Tbilisi CaRamebul kaloSebiviT.

`Crdili~ da `Conguri~, iseve rogorc `mTebi~ da `glexe-

bi~, mxolod garegnuli msgavsebis safuZvelzea erTmaneTTan
Sedarebuli. sxva ram Tvisebrivi niuansebi am saxeebs erTma-
neTTan dasakavSireblad ar gaaCnia, amitom es asociaciuri
saxeebi Raribia da maRalpoetur Rirebulebas moklebuli.
rac Seexeba `Tbilisis~ Sedarebas `CaRamebul kaloSeb-
Tan~, am SedarebaSi poets saintereso niuansi Seaqvs: Tbili-
si tafobia – irgvliv mTebi, SuaSi Cavardnili adgili. amiT
igi s. Ciqovanis asociaciaSi hgavs `kaloSs~. amave dros, aq po-
etis odnav ironiuli ganwyobac igrZnoba. Tbilisis mimarT:
igi misTvis bnelia. miuxedavad amisa, es saxe uxeSi, futuris-
tuli poetikisaTvis tipobrivi da, amdenad, araesTetikuria.
msgavsi asociaciuri saxeebia:

rogorc simJaves, davatareb grZnobebs gasakvirs.

Cemi samSoblos siyvaruli Semogexvia yelze wkneliviT.

Seni umankoeba akvria cas, rogorc surdo.

mainc xmeli xar da dadixar qveynad ketiviT.da a.S.

`grZnoba~ Sedarebulia `simJavesTan~, – aq Tavs iCens fu-

turistebis ironiuli, damcinavi damokidebuleba siyvaru-
lis grZnobis mimarT. amdenad, am ori sagnis Sedareba ten-
denciuria da araesTetikuric.
Semdgom TandaTan daixvewa s. Ciqovanis asociaciuri po-
eturi saxeebi; meti siRrme da gamomsaxveloba SeiZina:

rogors qoTnebi duqnebis winac

eyarnen qalni mowyvetilebi,
TiTqos CadrebSi sawylebs eZinaT,
da mdumarebdnen viT wertilebi.

115
 an: Tqvens savarZelze zis poezia
Tqvens savarZelze zis gazafxuli.

an: aqlemebiviT gamodian mwuxris Crdilebi.

an: zRvaze mze dawva da mologinda

didi mindori merme danama.
(`ciras pemani~)

simon Ciqovanma 30-ian wlebSi bevri futuristuli leqsi

gadaaxalisa da Tavidan dawera is, rac man pirvel variantSi
poetur miRwevad miiCnia, ucvlelad an mciredi Sesworebe-
biT gadaitana SemdgomSi. es exeba, ZiriTadad, asociaciur
poetur saxeebs. futuristul saxeebs poeti garkveuli Teo-
riuli mosazrebebis gamo cvlida. zogi poeturi saxe (Tu
ar icvleboda, mxolod ixveweboda) imdenad tipuri iyo misi
poeturi xedvisaTvis, rom pirdapir, an mciredi SesworebiT
gadadioda leqsis meore variantSi. swored es aris erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani, damamtkicebeli sabuTi, futurizmis lite-
raturuli skolis gavlenisa poetis individualobis Camo-
yalibebaze.
wlis futuristuli poemis `fiqrebi mtkvris piras~ poet-
uri saxe – `Tqvens savarZelze zis poezia, Tqvens savarZelze
zis gazafxuli~, ukanaskneli poemis – `ganjis dRiuris~ po-
etur mSvenebad iqca:

Sens savarZelze zis poezia,

Sens savarZelze zis gazafxuli,
suls varskvlavebi Semoesia,
xan mocaxcaxe, xan dazafruli.
(Ciqovani 1963, I: 28)

imave futuristul poemaSi Seqmnilma asociaciurma saxem

`rogorc peplebi lampis SuSebze, guls Rameebi exeTqebian~
mciredi cvlilebebiT axali Zalis ifeTqa 1930 wels dawe-
ril leqsSi `guls varskvlavebi ejaxebian~.

116
 mtkvarTan fiqrebi adre davTese,
TmaSi WaRara gamCaRebia,
da viT peplebi Taflis sanTelze,
guls varskvlavebi ejaxebian.
(Ciqovani 1963, I: 168)

1926 wels daweril leqsSi `wvimis qveS~ poeturma saxem –

`wvima wuxils Slis, am mwuxrs akvnesebs~, leqsSi – `wvimaSi~
aseTi daxvewili saxe miiRo:

wvima wuxils Slis, awkrialebs wvimis ankesebs.

poeturi saxe leqsSi `miZRvna ukanasknels~ – `rogorc sim-

Javes davatareb grZnobas gasakvirs~ Seicvala – `me, rogorc
qisas, davatareb grZnobas gasakvirs~. am SemTxvevaSi Seic-
vala poetis damokidebuleba grZnobis mimarT, Tumca meore
saxeSi odnav ironiuli ganwyoba mainc igrZnoba.
xSirad erT leqsSi naxmari poeturi saxe meore leqsSi
gadadis mciredi cvlilebebiT: leqsi – `Seni Crdilis sa-
Zebnelad~ 1925 welsaa dawerili:
aqlemebiviT gamodian mwuxris Crdilebi
cixis kedlebi da cacxvebi erTad grovdeba,
TiTqos varskvlavni amovkortne grZeli frCxilebiT
da frinveliviT SeRameba gviaxlovdeba.

es ukanaseneli asociaciuri poeturi saxe leqsSi – `qar-

Tlis saRamoebi~, romelic 1946 welssa dawerili, amgvar po-
etur saxed Camoyalibda:
ra kargia mzis daxrisas gori,
Semodgomis Crdili rogor exameba,
gadavyureb cixidan da SoriT
urmuliviT axlovdeba SeRameba.
(Ciqovani 1963, I: 59)

pirvel SemTxvevaSi SeRamebis moaxloeba frinvelis mosv-

lasTan aris Sedarebuli, meore SemTxvevaSi ki simRera `ur-
117
mulis~ moaxloebasTan. orive SemTxvevaSi yuradReba gamax-
vilebulia saRamos dadgomis xasiaTze – saRamo TandaTan
axlovdeba.
SevadaroT erTmaneTs erTi da imave leqsis ori varianti.
pirveli dawerilia 1925 wels, meore ki misi gviandeli
redaqciaa.

1. `xumrobis msgavsi~ (1925 w.):

Srialeben xeebi da Seni umankoeba

akvria cas, rogorc surdo..
minda gqondes xavsi abreSumis,
da ali burbuSelis.
saWiroa mamakacis kocna,
ar uRalato kacis sindiss,
viaroT fexiT camde,
da Tu ca Segvxvda – uTuod gviSvelis.
(Ciqovani 1934: 147)

2. `viaroT~ (1927 w.)

Srialeben xeebi da nawnavi Seni

Srialebs, rogorc fuCeCi simindis.
minda gamkobdes siTbo burbuSelis,
xao abreSumis, feri giSeris...
saWiroa trfialiT mwvavde,
sanam dadgeba sawuTros bindi,
viaroT fexiT camde,
davTuTqoT terfebi SiSveli
da Tu ca Segvxvda,
uTuod gviSvelis.
(Ciqovani 1965, II: 46)

Tu pirvel leqsSi igrZnoba futuristi poetisTvis dama-

xasiaTebeli siyvarulis grZnobis abuCad agdeba, siuxeSe,
118
meore leqsSi es intonaciebi sinaziTa da siTboTi Seicvala.
miuxedavad amisa, am or leqss aqvs raRac saerTo: pirveli
leqsis triqonebma `minda gqondes xavsi abreSumis da ali
burbuSelis~, meore leqsSi poetur srulyofas miaRwia:

minda gamkobdes siTbo burbuSelis,

xao abreSumis, feri giSeris...

amgvari magaliTebis moyvana mravlad SeiZleba. striqone-

bi 1925 wels dawerili leqsidan `gamoTxoveba~ safuZvlad
daedo leqss `Seni Crdilis saZebnelad~, 1926 wels dawerili
leqsidan: `mibaZva merans~ da 1937 wlis leqss – cxovrebis
gzaze~. leqsma `mgzavris simRera~ (1927 w.) ramdenime saxec-
vlileba ganicada. amdenad, rogorc vxedavT, poetma zurgi
ar aqcia futuristul periodSi Seqmnil poetur saxeebs. es
saxeebi misi leqsisTvis organuli iyo. marTalia, srulfa-
sovani poeturi Rirebuleba ar gaaCndaT, magram maTi Seqmnis
impulsebi dauviwyari iyo poetisTvis.
poetis SemoqmedebiTi procesis Taviseburebis Sesaxeb
g. kankava wers. `s. CiqovanisTvis leqsi aris amaRlebuli
msjelobis natifi xerxi- mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi Sekre-
bil azrTa, movlenaTa da gancdebis SerCeva da poeturi
`Semowmeba~ (kankava 1964: 51).
asociaciuri fantaziis daxvewasa da gafarToebasTan er-
Tad, am asociaciurma saxeebmac meti poeturoba SeiZina. 1930
wlis Semdeg aTwleulSi poetis leqsebSi asociaciur poetur
saxeebs kvlav mohyveba futuristuli siTamame da odnavi
siuxeSe, magram am saxeebs ukve poeturi Rirebuleba aqvT:

Rrubeli kldeze moforTxavs mucliT.

(`xevsuruli Zroxa~)

an: minda mowyvito mwife yurZeni

an mwife vaSlis yba moviTalo.
(`kaxeTis Semodgoma~)

119
 an: Sens alayafTan vberdebi, mgoni,
es mTvare Rrubels ybaSi gaCria.
(`roca TbilisSi~)

an: Cemma ocnebam Tavi CaRuna

da ciras muxlze Tvali ganaba.
(`ciras paemani~)

an: da patarZalic aivnisaken

muxambaziviT waiRebs TeZos. da a.S.
(`kaxeTis Semodgoma~)

Semoqmedebis Semdgom periodSi s. Ciqovanis poeturi sa-

xeebi am mcire `xorklisaganac~ gaTavisuflda da miviReT
maRalpoeturi asociaciuri saxeebi, romlebic gamoirCevian
moulodnelobiT da, amave dros, damajereblobiT, uSualo-
biT, niuansobrivi mravalferovnebiT. Sesadarebel sagnebs
Soris Sinagan kavSir-TvisebaTa aRmoCenis uiSviaTesi niWiT
miRweulia brwyinvale poeturi saaxeebi :

mTebi awvdilan, rogorc locvebi

da zRva garTxmula, rogorc vedreba.
(`mTebis galoba~)

da yurs gvigdebda buxari Tbili

meocnebe da pirgaRebuli.
(`oqros sawmisi~)

da Rrubeli hgavs rZegamSral kameCs...

(`tyvia stvens Tu yuri wivis~)

Cemi bavSvobis ocneba maSin

nakaduliviT daxtoda mTaSi.
(`babua~)

mTebze yaWiviT fiqri acocda.

(`saubris gagrZeleba~)

120
 daRlili kvamli miiltvis cisken
da mec kvamliviT gzaze gavedi.
(`Tovli~)

Cemma ocnebam Tavi CaRuna

da ciras muxlze Tvali ganaba.
(`ciras paemani~)

Cemi ocnebac WaRaras iTmens

da WabukiviT gundaobs TovlSi. da a.S.
(`Tbilisis Tovli~)

swored amgvarma moulodnelma poeturma saxeebma daum-

kvidres simon Ciqovans saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze
TviTmyofadi poetis saxeli.

***
egeb martivad avxsen yoveli,
veRar vwvdebodi samSoblos didxans.
maSin wamodges Cemi mgmobeli
da ufro rTuli ocneba miTxras.

simon Ciqovanis poeziisTvis damaxasiaTebelia asociaci-

uri kavSirebis tipobrivi mravalsaxeoba.
asociaciuri kavSirebis damyarebaSi mTavr rols TamaSobs
intuicia, aranakleb – inteleqtualuri intuiciac, magram
mxolod intuicia ver ayalibebs srulyofil poetur aso-
ciaciur saxes. asociaciaTa mxatvruli realizaciis pro-
cesSi monawileobs: mexsiereba, Semoqmedis ideur-mxatvruli
ganwyoba, mxatvruli warmosaxva. ganasxvaveben asociaciur
kavSirTa sxvadasxva tips:
1. eqspresiul-azrobrivs;
2. fonetikurs (bgeriTi);
3. mxedvelobiTs (xatovani);
4. simbolurs.
121
 s. Ciqovanis poeziaSi vxvdebiT asociaciuri kavSirebis
meSveobiT Seqmnil yvela tipis poetur saxeebs.

1. eqspresiul-azrobrivi asociaciuri kavSiri.

es tipi asociaciuri saxeebisa SedarebiT meti moulod-
nelobiT gamoirCeva. mis CamoyalibebaSi umTavres rols
TamaSobs inteleqtualuri intuicia. inteluqtualuri
intuicia gulisxmobs Semdegs: gonebriv wvdomaTa Semadgen-
lobaSi gvaqvs WeSmaritebani, romelTac goneba aRiarebs ara
damtkicebisa d dasabuTebis, aramed masSi gaazrebuli Si-
naarsis safuZvelze. am saxeebis SeqmnaSi mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs agreTve Semoqmedis ideur-mxatvruli ganwyobac.

me, rogorc qisas, davatareb grZnobas gasakvirs.

an: urmuliviT axlovdeba SeRameba.

an: Sin gayuCdnen satrfialo striqonebi,

rogorc uwylod darCenili wisqvilebi.

inteleqtualuri intuicia erTmaneTs ukavSirebs aso-

ciaciurad: `qisas~ da `grZnobas~, `urmulsa~ da `SeRamebas~,
`striqonebsa~ da `wisqvilebs~. pirvel SemTxvevaSi mTavari
sagania qisa, meoreSi ki – urmuli, mesameSi – wisqvilebi. ra
saerTo niSan-Tvisebani SeiZleba daeZebnoT am sagnebs? rTu-
lia maTi amocnoba.
`qisa~ Sedarebulia `grZnobasTan~. poets SeuZlia, ise-
ve konkretuli da xelSesaxebi saxiT warmoidginos Tavisi
grZnoba, rogorc qisa. e. i. poeti winaswar gaiazrebs qisis
`Tvisebebs~ da gamzadebul Sinaarss saWiro SemTxvevaSi misi
inteleqtualuri intuicia aRviZebs. am grZnobis gancda
masSi iseve sivrculia, rogorc qisis. magram am sagnebis Se-
darebisas mxolod poetis mier miCneuli msgavseba ar aris
mTavari. aq igrZnoba kidev erTi niuansi – erTgvari ironia
sakuTari grZnobis mimarT. ai, am niuanss qmnis swored poetis
ideur-mxatvruli ganwyoba.
122
 `satrfialo striqonebis~ gayuCeba gaZlierebulia `uwy-
lod darCenil wisqvilebTan~ SedarebiT. aqac meore sag-
nis Tvisebebi winaswaraa gaazrebuli.saTanado SemTxvevaSi
(garkveuli ganwyobis moSveliebiT) ori gansxvavebuli saga-
ni erTmaneTis gverdiT aRmoCndeba. am poetur saxeSi gamos-
Wvivis poetis sevda da sinanuli grZnobis dakargvis gamo.
aq meore saxe xmardeba pirveli poeturi saxis eqspresiul
warmosaxvas.
`urmuli~ da `SeRameba~ ki mxolod moaxloebis momentiT
ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs. urmuli – simRera, TiTqos
Soridan iwyeba, TandaTan Zlierdeba da uaxlovdeba smenas.
am TvisebiT daukavSira poetma igi SeRamebis moaxloebas;
am saxeebis amocnobaSi verc mxedvelobiTi da verc smeniTi
SegrZnebebi ver mogvexmareba, radgan maTi monawileobiT
ar Seqmnilan isini. es saxeebi unda gaiazro, radganac maT
SeqmnaSi inteleqtualuri intuicia monawileobda. amitom
hqvia maT eqspresiul-azrobrivi.
2. fonetikuri-bgeriTi asociaciuri kavSiri.
SeiZleba aseTi kiTxva davsvaT: rogor moesma poets `wvima
wuxils Slis, awkrialebs wvimis ankesebs~.
wvimis wveTebi ankesebTan mxolod fonetikuri xmovane-
bisTvis ar aris Sedarebuli, aq mxedvelobiT-xatovani aso-
ciacic gvaqvs. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba meore kiTxvac dav-
svaT: rogor dainaxa poetma?
3. mxedvelobiT-xatovani asociaciuri kavSiri.
am tipSi erTiandeba plastikuri da ferweruli saxeebi :

da patarZalic aivnisaken muxambaziviT waiRebs TeZos.

an: zRvaze mze dadga, rogorc iremi,

alanda rqebi molurjo brolSi,
alvebi, rogorc turfa cirebi,
daiss elian samegreloSi.

pirveli saxe asociaciisa sakmaod rTulia. igi sxvadasx-

vagvarad SeiZleba aixsnas. aq ara gvaqvs mxolod ori sagnis
123
Sedareba. aq erTi sagniT (patarZlis moxdenili roniniT
– odnav aweuli TeZoTi) gamowveulia meore sagnis asocia-
cia – Tavmomwone ieri yaraCoRelebisa, rodesac muxambazur
leqsebs warmoTqvamen (winfexgadadgmuli, TeZoaweuli, xe-
laRmarTuli poziT), magram xelSi gvrCeba ara meore, aramed
mesame sagani, romlis asociaciasac meore maTgani iwvevs –
muxambazi – leqsis formis erT-erTi saxeoba. es gabeduli Se-
dareba Tavis realobaSi gvarwmunebs da Cven ukve viciT, ro-
gor wavida patarZali aivnisken:
`da patarZalic aivnisken muxambaziviT waiRebs TeZos~.
Tumca aq SesaZlebelia aRmosavlur-mgrZnobeluri xedvac
iyos warmodgenili. am SemTxvevaSi es asociaciuri kavSiri
simboluria.

zRvaze mze dadga, rogorc iremi,

alanda rqebi molurjo brolSi,
alvebi, rogorc turfa cirebi,
daiss elian samegreloSi...

rogor dainaxa poetma? dainaxa monumenturad da am monu-

menturobam Seqmna saocari sazeimo ganwyobileba leqsSi.
4. simboluri – am saxeebis SeqmnaSic aranakleb rols Ta-
maSobs inteleqtualuri intuicia.

mTebi awvdilan, rogorc locvebi

da zRva garTxmula, rogorc vedreba.

an: bevri ocneba mogiSene, rogorc venaxi.

leqsis zemoTmoyvanil nawyvetSi, erTi SexedviT, `mTebi~

da `zRva~ mTavari sityvebia, poeti mTebisa da zRvis Sesaxeb
mogviTxrobs – SeeZlo Seedarebina es sagnebi sxva sagnebTan,
magram poets am SemTxvevaSi sagnis mxolod calmxrivi daxa-
siaTeba ar ainteresebs. misTvis mniSvnelovania ara marto is
sagani, romelsac adarebs, aramed is saganic, rasac adarebs.
aq simboluri kavSiria: `mTebsa~ da `locvas~, `zRvasa~ da
124
`vedrebas~ Soris. `locva~ swored zeviTkenaa mimarTuli,
`vedreba~ ki, Tavisi azrobrivi formiT, garTxmulia. aq
rom mxolod simboluri, an eqspresiul-azrobrivi kavSiri
gvqondes, maSin `zRva~ da `mTebi~ mTavar sityvebad darCe-
boda, magram imdenad didia am leqsis mTlianad locva-ma-
vedrebeli ganwyobileba, rom TiTqos TavisTavad gaCnda
Sesadarebel sityvebad: `locva~ da `vedreba~.
es poeturi xatebi s. Ciqovanis poeziis mwvervalebia.
meore SemTxvevaSi – `bevri ocneba mogiSene, rogorc ve-
naxi~ – aq amosavali sityvaa `ocneba~ da yvelaferi xmardeba
mis niuansobriv daxasiaTebas. swored saTuT, saTayvanebel,
saukuneebSi naloliaveb venaxTanaa Sedarebuli poetis mier
sxvisTvis Seqmnili ocneba. venaxTan Sedareba akeTilSobi-
lebs am ocnebis Sinaarss.
simon Ciqovanis udidesi poeturi damsaxureba swored is
aris, rom arc erTi asociaciuri poeturi saxe Tu metafo-
ruli gamoTqma zerele da naCqarevi ar aris. poetis mier ar-
Ceul Sesadarebel saxeebs Soris daiZebneba uamravi kavSir-
niuansi zemoTCamoTvlili niSan-TvisebaTa mixedviT.
amgvari moulodneli poeturi saxeebis siuxveSi xedav-
da poeti Tavisi leqsis `xorklianobas~; es poeturi saxeebi
leqsis saerTo ganwyobilebas aRrmaveben, Tumca leqsis
musikalur ritms ar emorCilebian, rogorc es g. tabiZesTan
gvaqvs, – leqsis musikalur ritms emorCileba yvela poeturi
xati. es poeturi saxeebi mkiTxvelis yuradRebas ayovnebs,
`win ar uSvebs~, xolo misi gaxsnis Semdeg SemoqmedebiT si-
xaruls ganacdevinebs.
g. asaTiani aRniSnavs: `s. Ciqovanis leqsi mkiTxvelisgan
moiTxovs garkveul mxatvrul alRos, poeturi azris msvle-
lobisadmi gulisyuris erTgvar daZabvas, dafiqrebisa da
warmodgenis unars. leqsis simZime aq aixsneba ara formalu-
ri teqnikuri xasiaTis mizezebiT. aq mTavaria is garemoeba,
rom s. Ciqovani principuli mowinaaRmdegea poeziis daniS-
nulebis gaiolebis. misi SemoqmedebisaTvis Sinaganad miuRe-
belia `msubuqi Janri~ (asaTiani 1969: 123). Tavad poeti werda:
125
 Semoqmedebas sirTule uyvars,
gasagebad da simZafriT Tqmuli.

poeti grZnobda, rom yvela gamvlels ar SeiZleboda sWe-

roda xelSi misi leqsis `gasaRebi~. ras gulisxmobs poeti
`gasagebisa~ da `sirTulis~ qveS? g. margvelaSvili Tavis we-
rilSi `axali CuqurTmis mWreli~ aRniSnavs: `poetis 30-iani
wlebisa da Semdgomi xanis saukeTeso nawarmoebTa sirTule –
es ukve sul sxva sirTulea, nakarnaxevi poeturi azrovnebis
sirTuliT, siRrmiTa da simdidriT, rac gamoxatvis adekva-
tur formaTa Seqmnas moiTxovda. Tu sisadaveze daviwyebT
msjelobas, maSin im maRal sisadaveze vilaparakoT, romelic
urTulesi SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis Sedegad aris xolme miRe-
buli~ (margvelaSvili 1975: 161).
Tavad poets amgvarad gagebuli `sirTule~ miaCnda Tavisi
poeziis Rirsebad. leqsSi `pirvelTqma~ igi wers:

egeb martivad avxsen yoveli,

veRar vwvdebodi samSoblos didxans,
maSin wamodges Cemi mgmobeli
da ufro rTuli ocneba miTxras.

damowmebani:

asaTiani 1969: asaTiani g. poezia da poetebi. Tbilisi: 1969.

abulaZe 1925: abulaZe b. `ufro meti mobrunebul fokusDSi~. gaz. `drou-
li~, № 1, 1925.
zelinski ... 1914: Зелинскии Л., Чичерин А., Сельвинскии Э. Конструктивисты
поэмы. Москва: 1914.
kankava 1964: kankava g. literaturuli etiudebi. Tbilisi: `gamomcem-
loba `literatura da xelovneba~, 1964.
margvelaSvili 1957: margvelaSvili g. simon Ciqovanis poezia. Jurn.
mnaTobi, № 8, 1975.
JRenti 1925: JRenti b. asociaciuri azrovneba da inteleqtualuri
lirika. Jurn. literatura da sxva. 1925.

126
 Sengelaia 1925: Sengeleia d. `taqtilizmi~. gaz. `drouli~, 5 dekemberi,
1925.
Ciqovani 1924: Ciqovani s. saswrafo ganmarteba Jurnal H2SO4-isa. Jurn.
mnaTobi, № 4. Tbilisi: 1924.
Ciqovani 1925: Ciqovani s. fiqrebi mtkvris piras. tfilisi: 1925.
Ciqovani 1925, I: Ciqovani s. `gul-sagul~. gaz. `drouli~, 5 dekemberi,
1925.
Ciqovani 1925, II: Ciqovani s. axali xelovnebis faqtebi. Jurn. litera-
tura da sxva. 1925.
Ciqovani 1932: Ciqovani s. mxolod leqsebi. Tbilisi, 1932.
Ciqovani 1963: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani. t. I. Tbilisi: 1963.
Ciqovani 1965: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani. t. II. Tbilisi: 1965.
CaCava 1925: CaCava n. `qarTveli futuristebi~. gaz. `drouli~, 5 dekem-
beri, 1925.
CaCava 1925, I: CaCava n. bgeraTa orientaciis sakiTxi. Jurn. `literatu-
ra da sxva~. № 1, 1925.

`unda mepovna ucxo napiri~.

wignidan: `futurizmi qarTul literaturaSi da
simon Ciqovanis poeturi gza~.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `xareba~, 2006.

127
Tamar barbaqaZe

simon Ciqovanis leqsis strofika da

ritmul-intonaciuri Taviseburebani

XX s. 20-iani wlebis II naxevarSi qarTuli leqsis ritmul-

intonaciuri ganaxlebis procesi metad rTuli sazogado-
ebriv-politikuri da kulturuli novaciebis fonze mimdi-
nareobda. erTi mxriv, bolSevikuri reJimis mier SekveTili
axali forma-Sinaarsis maZiebeli da, meore mxriv, 10-20-iani
wlebis damoukidebeli saqarTvelos SemoqmedebiTi aRma-
frenisa da Tavisuflebis epoqidan mosuli poetebi erTo-
blivad Seudgnen TavianTi, ukve socialisturi saqarTvelos,
poeziis `aRmarTs~. axali ritmebis, revoluciuri epo-qis
amsaxveli poeturi Txzulebebis struqturis Ziebisas `xor-
kliani striqonebi~ da gauSalaSinebeli, myvirala, uxeSi
idea-azrebi unda SeeTvisebina iseTi rafinirebuli sulisa
da inteleqtis mqone poets, rogoric simon Ciqovani iyo.
SemoqmedebiTi praqtikis warmatebiT aTvisebisa da leq-
sis evfoniur-aliteraciuli reformaciis uamravi ori-
ginaluri xerxis marjved mignebis Semdeg sruliadac ar
aris gasaocari simon Ciqovanis strofikis Taviseburebani,
romelTa struqtura poetis sagangebo ZiebaTa kvals ar
aireklavs, magram leqsis teqnika mkvlevris Tvals sagangebo
dakvirvebisaken ubiZgebs.
simon Ciqovanis leqsis strofika gansakuTrebiT STa-
mbeWdavad ikiTxeba poetis intonaciis fonze. rogorc
cnobilia, `intonacia laTinuri sityvaa (intono) da xma-
maRal warmoTqmas niSnavs. igi enaSi bgeriTi saSualebebis
erTobliobaa, metyvelebis tonis ganmsazRvreli cnebaa,
romliTac awesrigebs metyvelebis Sinaarss~ (xinTibiZe 2009:
450).
simon Ciqovanis leqsis formis xelovnebas, ritmul-in-
tonaciuri wyobis Taviseburebas mkiTxveli gansakuTrebu-
128
lad mkafiod SeigrZnobs 1927 wela daweril leqsSi `meore
miZRvna~:
Tvrameti weli da dasrulda bavSvis asaki:
tani yvavili, daxatuli TiTqos gogenis.
me, rogorc qisas, davatareb grZnobas gasakvirs
da arvin icis, ra fiqri da eSxi mogvelis!

msurs, movide da siyvaruliT mogealerso,

egeb am grZnobas siCumeSi Senac moeli.
magram ra giyo,
Sen mZime xar Cemi leqsiviT
da amave dros
taitiviT miuwvdomeli.
(Ciqovani 1955: 271)

erTi SexedviT, es rvataepiani, satrfialo, miZRvniTi xa-

siaTis leqsi oqtava unda iyos; Tumca klasikuri oqtavis
msgavsad, jvaredini riTmiT gamarTuli eqvstaepedis (aba-
bab) mere, uecrad, ortaepedi datexil oTx striqonad iqca.
kanonikuri oqtava bolo ori taepis mosazRvre riTmiT
gamarTvas gulisxmobs: cc. s. Ciqovani ki arRvevs am evropu-
li leqsis myar, konvenciur formas da originalurad wyvets
leqsis mTavari saTqmelis struqturas: `gasakvir grZnobas~,
`rogorc qisas~ – uZvirfasess, pirSekruls, gaumxelels –
tovebs, riTac mis idumalebas, egzotikurobas aZlierebs,
rogorc am rvataepiani leqsis formas aniWebs gamorCeulo-
bas, disharmonias da saidumlos amocnobisaken gvibiZgebs...
albaT, am gaumJRavnebeli grZnobis siZliere boWavda po-
ets, rodesac klasikuri myari strofuli formebiT weras
ver aiZulebda sakuTar Tavs:

Rames vaTev da ver vwer oqtavebs,

dawveba nisli, Sikriki ciskris.
Sen magondebi da ver dagtoveb,
sanamdi ZarRvSi mRelvarebs sisxli.
(@`Rames vaTev da...~ Ciqovani 1955: 269)
129
 es samijnuro baraTi-leqsi, pirobiTad, oqtavas rvata-
epedis nacvlad, cxra strofisagan Sedgeba, romlis bolo-
dan meore katreni TiTqmis imeorebs pirvel oTxtaepeds:

minda giZRvna da ver vwer oqtavebs,

Tendeba, dila naperwklebs isvris,
Cveni maisi Cven ar dagvtovebs
da mTawmindaze dadneba nisli.
(@`Rames vaTev da...~ Ciqovani 1955: 270)

sariTmo wyvilebi: oqtavebs – dagtovebs (oqtavebs – dag-

tovebs), ciskris – sisxli (isvris – nisli) – TiTqmis iden-
turia leqsikuradac da intonaciuradac. leqsSi poetis
ferwerul-sagnobrivi saxeobrivi azrovneba pirvelyofili,
TiTqmis veluri grZnobebis moTvinierebas, misakuTrebas,
amaRlebas gvaziarebs.

moarxev tans da qariviT mohqri,

turfa terfebi aRbeWde mTebSi,
da Seni sunTqvis spetaki orTqli,
rogorc neqtari, cocxldeba CemSi.
(@`Rames vaTev da...~. Ciqovani 1955: 269)

moxmobil strofs arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba s. Ciqo-

vanis leqsis esTetikisa da poetikis gasaazreblad: poeti am
leqsis werisas gamudmebiT fiqrobs oqtavaze, myar saleq-
so formaze, da am process Taviseburad amJRavnebs zemox-
senebuli strofis evfoniur-intonaciuri mTlianoba: gansa-
kuTrebiT aqtiurdeba xmovani `o~ (moarxev, mohqri, orTqli,
rogorc, cocxldeba) da Tanxmovnebi: `t~ (tans, turfa,
terfebi, spetaki, neqtari) da `q~ (qariviT, mohqri, sunT-
qvis, orTqli, neqtari) – rogorc sityva `oqtavas~ sayrdeni
bgerebi. ucnauria, poetma ver Tu ar dawera oqtava, magram
originaluri leqsebi miuZRvna sayvarel qals, romlis cixe-
simagris alayafis kars `striqonis kverTxiT~ aRebda:
130
 roca TbilisSi me vwer oqtavebs,
Ramdeba, wveba gacrili nisli,
Sen mogSordebi da ver dagtoveb,
sanamdis ZarRvSi mRelvarebs sisxli.

moyinul gzaze daveci erTxel,

TviTonve Cems suls dacinva vkadre.
aviRe merme urTxmelis kverTxi
da Sens alayafs mivadeq adre.
(`roca TbilisSi...~. Ciqovani 1955: 267)

s. Ciqovanis `roca TbilisSi...~, savaraudod, 1930-1940

wlebSi unda iyos dawerili da, albaT, amitomac, TiTqos me-
ordeba zemoT ganxiluli, 1929 wliT daTariRebuli, leqsis
`Rames vaTev da...~ katrenebi.
1928 wels simon Ciqovanma ToTxmetmarcvliani sazomiT
(5/4/5), jvaredini riTmiT gamarTuli, oqtavas msgavsi sala-
Robo, leqsi miuZRvna marikas:

Seni sxeuli gaTlilia rogorc kristali,

Seni fexebi xeebia marmariloze.
egeb Sen iyav kritikosze ufro marTali,
roca miTxari: sasacilo xarT sasaciloze.
me momcro tanis, SeCveuli mxolod sitlanqes,
veRar vaxerxeb cekvasa da dakvras Zvlebidan.
sjobda mgosnobas, vyofiliyav qveynad aqlemi,
Seni wayvana zurgiT mainc SemeZleboda.
(`xumroba meore~.
Ciqovani 2007: 87)

mdidari asonansebiT, originaluri metaforebiT gamor-

Ceuli es saxumaro miZRvna s. Ciqovanisa sayvareli meuR-
lisaTvis oqtavis variaciad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
`meore miZRvnas~ (1927 w. borjomi) simon Ciqovanma 1928
wels `pirveli miZRvnac~ miumata, romelic sami heterosi-
131
laburi strofiT aris agebuli. TiToeul katrenSi mxolod
erTi taepia Tormetmarcvliani, datexili tetrametriT
Sesrulebuli (3/3//3/3), xolo danarCeni 3 striqoni sami daq-
tilisagan (3/3/3) Sedgeba:

es guli xom Senken qariviT iltvoda,

ar msurda siwmindis Selaxvac.
me Seni trfialic mindoda,
da Seni bavSvobis Senaxvac.
(`pirveli miZRvna~.
Ciqovani 1955: 249)

simon Ciqovanis TxzulebaTa oTxtomeulis I tomSi, 1975

wels, gamoqveynda `leqsebi, romelic avtors ar Seutania
TxzulebaTa krebulSi da variantebi~ (Ciqovani 1975. I:
233-263), romelTa Soris gvxvdeba moxmobili strofis sxva
varianti:
guli maqvs gaSlili mindorad,
zed Sen xar dadgmuli, geTayva;
me Seni trfiali mindoda,
da Seni bavSvobis Senaxvac.
(`meore miZRvna ukanasknels~.
Ciqovani 1975. I: 251)

sariTmo wyvilebi: mindorad – mindoda, geTayva – Senaxva

– Secvlilia saboloo variantSi: iltvoda – mindoda, Selax-
vac – Senaxvac; riTmis intonacia da evfonia bolo wyvilisa
aSkarad ukeTesia Tavdapirvel variantTan SedarebiT.
pirvel variantSi `mindorad~, agreTve sabolood dato-
vebuli `vficavar~ – poeturi licenciaa, romelic, bunebri-
via, gangeb datova poetma leqsSi: `maqvs me zogierTi ubralo
Secdomebi, romlis gasworeba SeiZleba yovel wuTs, magram
me isini ar gavaswore, radgan Semecodea leqsis instrumen-
tovka da fonetikuri leqsi Txoulobda am Secdomas~ (Ci-
qovani 2012: 19). SeiZleba, simon Ciqovanis futuristuli
132
periodis leqsebs, an Semdeg, 20-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi
Sesrulebul lirikul Txzulebebs (`kakabi da nakaduli~,
`mzevinari~ da sxva.), `fonetikuri leqsebi~ vuwodoT.
taepTa ritmul-intonaciuri wyoba simon Ciqovanis
20-iani wlebis lirikaSi gamokveTili, JReradi melodiuro-
biT xasiaTdeba. melodiis stimulatori xSirad aliteraciaa.
`k~ bgeris varirebiT, poeti-futuristis gamocdilebiT
moZiebul musikalur motivs s. Ciqovani nakadulis rakraks
kakbebis kakanTan awyvilebs; rvataepiani strofis uCveulo
gariTmvis sqema ki `Cqri~, sasimRero ontonaciis maRali
SairiT aris awyobili. leqss asrulebs ortaepiani daskvna-
SekiTxva:

koka dgas da nakaduli

gamorbis da mTis kakbebi
gamofridnen xevidan da
gafrindnen da gakadrisdnen.
kakabi da nakaduli
sxvadasxva xmiT kakaneben.
koka gatyda. nakaduli
qvebze mirbis daklaknili.

ra gauZlebs qvas goliaTs?

kokas guli ar hqonia.
(`kakabi da nakaduli~, 1927.
Ciqovani 1975. I: 86)

es `fonetikuri leqsebi~ aliteraciul-verfisifikaci-

uli savarjiSoebiviT Cans poetis 20-iani wlebis II naxevris
SemoqmedebaSi: `mzevinari~ (@`mze sad ari? mze Sin ari, / akvan-
Si wevs mzevinari, / mzevinarma mzes umzira, / viT gzis pirad
mzesumziram / da xma miwyda muxis Ziras, / mze sad ari? mze Sin
ari~. `mzevinari~. 1928. Ciqovani 1975,. I: 87).
`orkestruli leqsalobis~ ciklSi Setanili simon Ci-
qovanis am leqss amave tomSi (t. I: 289) `mzesumzira~ hqvia.
133
 mze vin ari? mze Sin ari.
mzevinarma mzes umzira,
mokvda Rero uwyinari
da xma miwyda muxis Ziras
mze Sin aris? mze Sin ari,
cas ucinis uwinares
Sen xe xar Tu uxeiro
Sen frTa xar Tu xis nafoti?
rad midixar saseirod
me zeviT var, ze amodi...
(Ciqovani 1975. I: 289)

am aTtaepiani, rvamarcvliani, maRali SairiT 4/4 daweri-

li leqsis ritmul-intonaciur mdinarebaSi Taviseburi
disonansi Seaqvs taeps: `Sen xe xar Tu uxeiro~, sadac 7
TanxmovanTan 8 xmovania Tavmoyrili: 7 Tanxmovnidan 3 erT-
nairia (x meordeba 3-jer), 2– mJReria (r), xolo erTi (s) – yru:
aSkarad igrZnoba xmovnebis kulti.
simon Ciqovanis leqsis fonika uaRresad mravlismTqmeli
da originaluria. sagulisxmoa am mxriv poetis dakvirvebis
damowmeba. `sityva xSirad Semoqmedebis dros fonetikur na-
Tesavebad Semodis leqsSi. azri Sorsaa, magram fonetikuria,
enaTesaveba leqss da SemoiWarba SigniT.
qarTuli leqsis fonetikurobaze bevri mimuSavia, amitom
sityvas met adgils vuTmob, vidre frazas. me var xmovnebis
gamravlebis momxre qarTul enaSi~ (Ciqovani 2012: 12). zemoT
moxmobili `mzevinari~ s. Ciqovanis poeturi aRsarebis naTe-
li dadasturebaa: am fonetikur leqs-savarjiSos saanal-
izod moxmobil monakveTSi 7-taepian strofSi 26 sityvaa;
masSi yvelaze didi, oTxmarcvliani sityva, mxolod samia:
`mzevinari~, `mzevinarma~ da `mzesumziram~; daaxloebiT 14
sityva erTmarcvliania, ori – `akvanSi~, `umzira~ – 3-marc-
vliani, xolo danarCeni 6- ormarcvliani. xmovanTa simrav-
liTa da `z~ mJReri TanxmovniT, xalxuri `mze Sinas~, e.w.
134
saakvno simReris melodiurobas maqsimalurad uaxlovdeba
po-eti. sainteresoa, rom 1929 wliT TariRdeba s. Ciqovanis
`svanuri iavnana~, romelSic `mzevinaris~ ritmul-intonaci-
uri JReradobac ismis da `ciras~ virtuozulad damuSave-
buli bgeraTa harmoniac:

dede ladeR,
dilas adeq,
mze gaabnevs nislis bades,
rom mwvervali Segiyvardes.
(`svanuri iavnana~. Ciqovani 1975. I: 107)

gansakuTrebuli adgili daimkvidra simon Ciqovanis po-

eziaSi erovnulma myarma saleqso formam mrCobledma – or-
taepiani strofebiT dawerilma leqsma (`Cemi yana~, `mgzavris
simRera~, `Cemo mamulo~, `serafitis gamoxmoba~, `mezRvaure-
bi da mfrinavebi~, `xalxuri cekva~, `marikas~, `daviT guramiS-
vilis godeba vaxtangis gardacvalebis gamo~ da sxva mravali).
simon Ciqovanis strofika yuradRebas iqcevs polimet-
rulobiT, sxvadasxvataepiani strofebis gaerTianebiT erT
leqsSi. gansakuTrebiT xSiria mrCobledisa da katrenebis Se-
Tanxmeba, magaliTad, leqsSi `riwis tbaze Tqmuli~ strofi-
ka originaluria: ortaepeds mohyveba ori katreni da Semdeg
kvlav meordeba amgvari arqiteqtonika: 2+4+4+2. am monak-
veTis ori, wyviladi riTmiTY gamarTuli mrCobledi `ciras~
xsovnasac Semorkalavs pirvel katrenSi:

mTis ubeSi CaWedila,

egeb cremli CarCa ciras.
(Ciqovani 2007: 102)

marTalia, s. Ciqovani sinanuliT aRniSnavda, rom ver wer-

da oqtavebs, miuxedavad survilisa, magram vfiqrobT, rom
mrCobledebisa da ori katrenis erT kompoziciur mTli-
anobad warmodgena Taviseburi cda unda iyos oqtavis nair-
135
saxeobis Seqmnisa: oqtavas gariTmvis sqemaa: abababCC. s. Ci-
qovani ki jer mrCobleds, mere ki jvaredinad gariTmul or
katrens gvTavazobs: CC abab abab; mrCobledisa da katrenis
SexamebiT erT leqsSi, magaliTad, `gremis samreklo~ srul-
deba ori, jvaredinad gariTmuli katreniTa da wyviladi
riTmiT gamarTuli (cc) mrCoblediT (4+4+2), rac oqtavas
daweris, misi nairsaxeobis Seqmnis cdad migvaCnia.

rogorc zRvis talRas miapobs gemi,

ise micuravs laJvardSi gremi.
(Ciqovani 2007: 116)

gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ekideboda poeti kenttaepi-

ani strofebis versifikaciuli sqemis damuSavebas. leqsSi
`xmeli wifeli~ mesame taepi, SidariTmis gamo (iferebs – si-
wrfele), or striqonad aris warmodgenili da, Sesabamisad,
strofic xuTtaepiania:

uRranSi xmeba Turme wifeli,

gamofitulan fesvTan niyvebi,
tye cas iferebs,
rogorc siwrfeles
da mec wiflisken biliks mivyvebi.

xuTtaepiani strofebis bolo taepebi gauriTmavia

s.Ciqovanis leqsSi `***mtkvris piras davwvi sulis sakmeli~
(`daubeWdavi leqsebi~) ababx; Tumca xuTtaepiani strofebiT
poeti gatacebuli yofila XX s. 20-iani wlebis bolos (`pirve-
li miZRvna~, `viaroT~) da 30-ian wlebSi (`mebaduris Zveli sim-
Rera~).
sagangebo dakvirvebas imsaxurebs s. Ciqovanis kentta-
epiani strofebis sxva saxeobebic: samtaepedebi – tercetebi
(`ganSorebis saRamo~ – aaa) da septetebi – Svidataepedebi
(`molodini~ – abba bba; abab ccb). Svidtaepiani monorimiT
sruldeba s. Ciqovanis maRali SairiT (4/4) dawerili leqsi:
`im saxlidan am saxlamdi~ (1958).
136
 xuTtaepiani da eqvstaepiani strofebis monacvleo-
biT, wyviladi, jvaredini da rkaluri riTmiT (aabab; aa-
baab) aris dawerili `ganjis dRiuris~ `simRera sinanulisa~
(5+5+5+5+5+6+6+5+5) .
strofikis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva `simRera daviT
guramiSvilze~, romlis erT-erTi leqsi `dabinaveba ukraina-
Si~ xuTtaepiani strofebis uCveulo orkestralobiT iqcevs
yuradRebas: yoveli mexuTe striqoni strofisa refrenia da
erTmarcvliani riTmiT bolovdeba:

qarTlSi viyav, wyaros pirad vgalobdi,

SewiTlebul atmis CrdilSi vxarobdi,
axla minda gadaWril baRs madaroT
ubedoba mometmasna faTalod...
qarTlSi oblad ar davrbodi me!
(Ciqovani 1955: 454)

mxolod IV xuTtaepedSi icvleba es erTmarcvliani riTma

sammarcvliani leqsikuri erTeulebiT:

qarTls momwyvites da daviwye wanwali

ukrainas saxli davdgi sawyali.
davbinavdi, xnulSi Cavde marcvali,
vigalobe, vaRuRune nacari
da ai, myavs me leqsis gamgone.
(Ciqovani 1955. 454)

simon Ciqovani qarTuli leqsis strofuli mravalfe-

rovnebis Seqmnis safuZvels erovnuli poeziis wiaRSi eZieb-
da, risTvisac, upirvelesad, daviT guramiSvilis, nikoloz
baraTaSvilisa da vaJa-fSavelas strofikas akvirdeboda da
iTvaliswinebda.
1925 wels dawerili poema simon Ciqovanisa ase dasaTau-
rebuli: `fiqrebi mtkvris piras (uriTmo ganwyobilebebi)~.
igi avtors TxzulebaTa krebulebSi ar Seutania. daibeWda
137
oTxtomeulis II tomSi 1980 wels. es poeturi eqsperimenti
utyuari sabuTia modernisti poetis epoqiseuli ritmis zus-
ti mignebisa, im tragikuli arCevanis aucileblobis axsnisa:

da civ leqsebiT cxovrebis gzaze me gaviSxlarTe, rogorc

Wandari Ziramofxvrili
Zveli tkiviliT TviT gavixseni sevdaSi nisli, aorTqleba
da Wrilobebi
da meubneba mtkvari simZimiT, rogor iqneba Tavi moikla,
Cumad gacofde
rogor iqneba Seni grnobebi gauSinjavad gadmokido nasanTl
tiloze
jer mTlad ymawvili obol suliviT raRac fiqrisTvis
berikacobde... (Ciqovani 1980)

20-marcvliani tradiciuli qarTuli sazomiT (55/55),

fistikauriTY daweril am Tavisebur `poetur manifestSi~
s.Ciqovani zogjer gariTmul taepebsac gaurevs xolme: rom
ar icode avtori am vrceli poeturi Txzulebisa, SeiZleba
igi Tamamad miawero romelime, XXI s. qarTvel poets.

...gvexveva bamba.
bambiT tkivilebs gvritebiviT vin dagvinaxavs,
foTlebs – frinvelebs me movunaxav enas,
simunjes da saidumloT.
(Ciqovani 1980. II: 379)

..........
ase Znelia swerdes poeti: gulis – trilogias da
mTawmindaze SemoRamebas...
(Ciqovani 1980. II: 379)

axla Cven aRelvebul xorcs xaverdis suliT vin

dagviSuSebs
`arc kaci vargao, rom cocxali idges prospeqtze
da erT Senobis saTvaleSic ar Caixedos~.

138
 vtoveb mtkvars
mwevars – sawyauls aRuvsebels da fiqrebis
Wvartlian WurWels
da TiTqmis codvebis gamomgonma
mtkvris mucelSi me CavaCarxe fiqri – mercxali
da fexSiSvela, msurs gadvirbino gaxurebuli mze
nakverCxali (Ciqovani 1980. II: 381).

aRsarebasaviT abarebs poeti deda-mdinares:

mtkvaro, mdinarev, zahesis Semdeg poets izareb

mtkvaro, mdinarev, muxlSi midgaxar
talRebis qSeniT misilav grZnobebs...
sizarmaceSi dawolili mZimed dabasruls agroveb azrebs
da savarZlebze hyri aqafebul talRebs RvarZliviT.
(Ciqovani 1980. II: 381)

s. Ciqovanis es postmodernistuli lirikuli poema dRem-

de saTanadod ar aris Seswavlili qarTul saliteraturo
kritikaSi. es, prozaizmebiTa da uriTmo striqonebiT dawe-
rili, poema-aRsareba, rogorc vTqviT, Tanamedrove, XXI s.
qarTvel poetTa Semoqmedebas ufro hgavs, vidre asi wlis
winandel nawers; 1925 wlis TebervliT daTariRebuli poema
`fiqrebi mtkvris piras~ sami Tavisgan Sedgeba da sruldeba
amgvari tragikuli gafrTxilebiT:

unda daidgas am napirebSi Zegli grZnobebis da warwerebis:

qadagebs ase saxareba axal gmirobis – mtkvari daraji
Zveli tfilisis
am sicocxleSi mowyvetiT yofnas – munji, pirRia samare
gijobs
yinuli Sublze, vinc ocda samSi sicocxlis furclebs ver
SeiTvisebs
da siyvaruli Suagul cecxlSi mourideblad fexs Seabijebs.
(Ciqovani 1980. II: 380)
139
 Tumca am lirikul poemas avtoris ganmarteba axlavs: igi
`uriTmo ganwyobilebebs~ gadmoscems, magram `fonetikuri
leqsebis~ mTxzveli bolomde ver aRwevs Tavs msgavsi JRera-
dobis sityvebis dawyvilebis survils (gijobs – Seabijebs) da
konsonansuri riTmiT asrulebs am poetur Txzulebas.

damowmebani:

Ciqovani 1955: Ciqovani s. leqsebi. poema. Tbilisi: saxelgami, 1955.

Ciqovani 1975: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani oTx tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `merani~, 1975.
Ciqovani 1980: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani oTx tomad. t. II. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `merani~, 1980.
Ciqovani 2007: Ciqovani s. 100 leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleq-
ti~, 2007.
Ciqovani 2012: Ciqovani s. Canawerebi. mwifobisTveSi Casuli mze. Tbi-
lisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2012.
xinTibiZe 2009: xinTibiZe a. qarTuli leqsis istoria da Teoria. Tbi-
lisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2009.

140
 levan bregaZe

elegiuri distiqi qarTulad

elegiuri distiqi erT-erTi uZvelesi myari saleqso

formaa, metad popularuli Zvel berZnul da laTinur
poeziebSi. mas iyenebdnen berZenTagan: kaline, tirteosi, ar-
qiloqe, simonide keoseli, filosofosi platoni; romael-
Tagan: publius ovidius nazoni, gaius valerius katulusi,
markus valerius marcialisi da mravali sxva gamoCenili poe-
ti antikuri xanisa. am saleqso formis imitaciebs qmnidnen da
misi gamoyenebiT antikurobasTan dakavSirebul Temebze Ta-
vianT originalur Txzulebebs qmnidnen germanelebi: goeTe,
Sileri, hiolderlini; rusebi: a. s. puSkini, v. a. Jukovski, a. a.
delvigi, a. a. feti, a. n. maikovi, v. i. briusovi da sxvani. ele-
giuri am distiqs (ortaepeds, mrCobleds) erTob pirobiTad
hqvia, vinaidan misi gamoyenebiT elegiebs garda iwereboda ro-
gorc sxarti epigramebi, aseve vrceli samijnuro xasiaTis
poetu-ri teqstebic da sxv.
elegiuri distiqi aris strofi, romelic ori araTana-
bari zomis, anu heterosilaburi, `koWli~ gauriTmavi ta-
episagan Sedgeba: pirveli maTgani daqtiluri heqsametria,
meore – daqtiluri pentametri. (sinamdvileSi pentametric
heqsametria, vinaidan isic eqvsi terfisagan Sedgeba, oRond
me-3 terfSi daqtilisagan erTi grZeli marcvaliRaa dar-
Cenili, xolo me-6 terfic bolomarcvalmokvecili qorea:
_∪∪_∪∪ _ / _∪∪ _∪∪ _).
elegiuri distiqis qarTul enaze gadmoRebis mcdeloba
jer kidev efrem mciris TargmanebSia SeniSnuli (uruSaZe
1980: 62). me-20 saukuneSi am saleqso formis qarTuli Sesa-
tyvisebis Zieba gobron agarelis, simon yauxCiSvilis, akaki
uruSaZis, roman miminoSvilisa da manana RaribaSvilis saxe-
lebTan aris dakavSirebuli.
amJamad Cveni mizani distiqis manana RaribaSvilis mier
SemoTavazebul qarTul versiaze dakvirvebaa, magram jer am
141
saleqso formis qarTulad gadmotanis adrindeli nimuSebi
gavixsenoT.
akaki uruSaZe wers:
`elegiuri distiqis ritmi qarTulad SeiZleba gadmoi-
ces iseTi orkarediani pirobiTi strofiT, romlis pirveli
karedi Cvidmetmarcvliani, xolo meore ToTxmetmarcvliani
iqneba pirobiTi terfebis aseTi ganawilebiT:
333 332
331 || 331~
da amis sailustraciod akaki uruSaZes mohyavs simon yaux-
CiSvilisa da Tavisi Targmnili strofebi, romlebic aq war-
modgenili sqemis mixedviT aris Sesrulebuli (uruSaZe 1980:
63). maTgan erTs, simon yauxCiSvilis Targmnils, qvemoT da-
vimowmebT manana RaribaSvilis naSromidan.
akaki uruSaZisave sityviT:
`gr. wereTlis `berZnuli literaturis istoriis~ I tomSi
warmodgenilia sanimuSod damowmebuli distiqebis qarTuli
Targmanebi, romlebic g. agarels ekuTvnis. elegiuri dis-
tiqis Sesatyvisad gamoyenebulia Cvidmet- da TxuTmetmar-
cvliani karedebis naerTi aseTi sqemiT:

_∪∪ _∪∪ _∪∪ _∪∪ _∪∪ _∪

_∪∪ _∪∪ _∪ || _∪∪ _∪∪ _
(uruSaZe 1980: 64).

iqve nimuSad damowmebulia es striqonebi:

elavdi cocxlebSi winaT ganTiadis varskvlavad, aster,

exla-ki mkvdarT Soris mkvdari || saRamos varskvlavi xar.

akaki uruSaZe imasac aRniSnavs, rom `roman miminoSvilis

TargmanebSi elegiuri distiqis gadmosacemad ToTxmetmar-
cvlovani karedebia gamoyenebuli~ (uruSaZe 1980: 64), anu
roman miminoSvils heterosilaburi distiqi izosilaburi
leqsiT uTargmnia.
142
 elegiuri distiqis qarTuli Sesatyvisis Seqmnis simon
yauxCiSviliseuli mcdelobis Taobaze manana RaribaSvili
ovidius nazonis `trfobanis~ Tavisi TargmanebisTvis wam-
ZRvarebul gamokvlevaSi wers:
`qarTul enaze elegiuri distiqis gadmotanis ramdeni-
me cda aqamdec iyo. Seecadnen, gaeTvaliswinebinaT elegi-
uri distiqis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba, romelic imaSi mdgo-
mareobs, rom pentametrSi cezuris win da taepis bolos
mesame da meeqvse daqtiluri terfebi mokvecilia da TiTo
grZel marcvals Seicavs. amitom, amis analogiiT, qarTul
`pentametrSic~ moaTavses cezuris win da striqonis bolos
erTmarcvliani sityvebi, romlebsac bunebrivad maxvili im
erT marcvalze moudis. am gziT scades gadmoecaT pentam-
etris Tavisebureba. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis gvinda moviyvanoT
qarTul enaze s. yauxCiSvilis mier ase sainteresod gadmo-
tanili elegiuri distiqis magaliTi:

kargia, rodesac kaci || mowinave rigebSi kvdeba

samSoblos gulisTvis Tavs || gaswiravs mamacad is
xolo Tu mSobliur qalaqs || da noyiers dastovebs yanebs,
atarebs maTxovris beds, || saSinels, sazarels mTlad.~
(nazoni 1987: 43-44)

es gaxlavT elegiuri distiqis simon yauxCiSviliseuli

imitacia qarTul enaze (leqsis avtoria tirteosi): kent
striqonebSi daqtiluri heqsametri gvaqvs (romelic maSin
gamova, Tu cezuris niSans iq ki ar davsvamT, sadac citire-
bul fragmentSi zis, aramed – erTi marcvlis Semdeg, aseT-
nairad: `kargia, rodesac kaci mo||winave rigebSi kvdeba~. amis
Taobaze qvemoT vilaparakebT), luwebSi – pentametri. magram
manana RaribaSvilma sxva gza irCia. ratom moiqca ase, Tvi-
Tonve ganmartavs:
`Cveni azriT, am sazomiT ovidiusis grZeli elegiebi rom
iTargmnos, mTargmnels Zalauneburad mouxdeba erTi da

143
igive erTmarcvliani sityvebis xSiri gameoreba.* isic unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom qarTulSi xuTi xmovania da amitom
xSirad erTmarcvliani sityvebi erTmaneTs gaeriTmebian.
es ki uxerxuli iqneba, radgan, rogorc viciT, berZnuli da
romauli periodis laTinur leqss riTma ara aqvs (...). garda
amisa, qarTul leqsSi erTmarcvliani sityvebiT striqonebis
dasruleba arcTu ise xSiria da klasikur sazomebSi ritmu-
lad garkveul uxerxulobas qmnis~ (nazoni 1987: 44. xazgasma
Cvenia. – l. b.).
aq ibadeba kiTxva: ki magram, im enebSi (germanulSi, ru-
sulSi...), romlebzedac (frangulisa da inglisurisgan
gansxvavebiT) warmatebiT xerxdeba elegiuri distiqis ana-
logebis SeTxzva, nuTu imdeni erTmarcvliani sityvaa, rom
zemoaRniSnuli uxerxulobani ar warmoiqmnas? ara, cxa-
dia, arc am enebSia im odenobiT erTmarcvliani sityvebi,
rom mxolod maTze dayrdnobiT moxerxdes pentametris
kargad gamarTuli oreulis Seqmna. rusul da germanul
enebSi erTmarcvliani sityvebis `dasaxmareblad~ am dros
mobilizebulni arian maxviliani marcvliT daboloebuli
terfebi Tu sityvebi.** qarTulSi ki amgvari damxmare
saSualeba ar arsebobs – qarTul enaSi maxviliani marcvliT
sityva ar bolovdeba.
ai amis gamo Wirs vrceli poeturi teqstebis gadmoqar-
Tuleba elegiuri distiqis simon yauxCiSvilis mier Semo-
Tavazebuli qarTuli analogis gamoyenebiT.
manana RaribaSvili zemoaRniSnuli uxerxulobebisTvis
Tavis aridebis mizniT sxva gzas daadga. man elegiuri dis-
tiqis qarTulad gadmosatanad gamoiyena Semdegi sazomebi:
pirveli taepisTvis gaormagebuli 3/3/2, xolo meorisTvis
* nazonis leqsebi ramdenime aTeul striqons Seicavs, magaliTad, erTi maT-
gani (trfobani, III, 6) 106-taepiania (l. b.).
** samagaliTod vnaxoT aleqsandr puSkinis distiqi saTauriT `На перевод
Илиады~ (`iliadis~ Targmanze~): `Слышу умолкнувший звук божественной эллинской
речи; // Старца великого тень / чую смущенной душой~ (pentametrSi gavamuqeT max-
viliani xmovnebi). Tuki cezuris win erTmarcvliani sityva zis (тень), striqo-
nis bolos ormarcvliani sityvaa maxviliT bolodan pirvel marcvalze.
144
– gaormagebuli 5/2 (gaormageba imitom gaxda saWiro, rom
striqoni ufro tevadi gamosuliyo – berZnuli distiqis
taepTa sigrZe xom Cvenebur 17- da 14-marcvlovan taepTa
sigrZis tolia).
orive es friad melodiuri metri erTob iSviaTad gamo-
iyeneba qarTul poeziaSi da orive maTgani galaktion tabiZis
poetikur Ziebebs ukavSirdeba.
amrigad, elegiuri distiqis heqsametruli taepis adgi-
las manana RaribaSvili Teqvsmetmarcvlian sazoms iyenebs,
romelic 3/3/2-is gaorkecebiT aris miRebuli. 3/3/2-iT Ses-
rulebul striqons JReradobis mxriv araferi aqvs saerTo
arc dabal da arc maRal SairTan. akaki xinTibiZe mas ase axa-
siaTebs wignSi `galaktionis poetika~:
`rvamarcvliani sazomebidan calke unda gamoiyos kidev
erTi saintereso saxeoba, romelmac sruli damoukidebloba
pirvelad galaktionis versifikaciaSi miiRo. ormarcvliani
daboloeba striqonisa – brZolisgan daRlili saxe (sqema:
3/3/2) ritms Tavisebur dinebas aZlevs. ori gadabmuli sam-
marcvledi striqonis TavSi mesame sammarcvliani muxlis
moTxovnilebas qmnis (mag.: brZolisgan daRlili Tvalebi) da
moulodneli mokveca striqons Tavisebur iers aZlevs.
es sazomi, romelic agebulebiT dabal Sairs hgavs (Seicavs
sammarclian muxlebs), xolo daboloebiT maRal Sairs (or-
marcvliani kadencia), sagrZnoblad gansxvavebulia rogorc
erTis, ise meorisagan:

brZolisgan daRlili saxe

da tyvia Camjdari TavSi.
me TviTon daWrili vnaxe
aluCa, Svidi wlis bavSvi.

es sqema galaktionis SemoRebuli ar aris. mas vxvdeb-

iT xalxur leqsSi da im poetTa versifikaciaSi, romlebic
xalxur leqss yurs ugdeben. arsenas leqsSi vkiTxulobT:

145
 erTi lekis biWi hyavda
im giorgi kuWatnelsa.
beWebSi dambaCa dasca
pirSi bolo gavardesa.
[...]
magram arc xalxur leqsSi, arc vaJasa da akakis poeziaSi,
arc arsad galaktionamde am wyobiT ara Tu mTeli leqsi, erTi
strofic ki ar dawerila. igi mxolod dro da dro, calkeuli
striqonebis saxiT gaereoda SairSi.
1925 wels `mnaTobis~ me-10 nomerSi `aluCa, Svidi wlis
bavSvis~ gamoCena sayuradRebo movlena iyo. leqsi Tavidan
bolomde 3/3/2 sqemiT aris dawerili [...]. Seiqmna sruliad ax-
ali saxeoba leqsisa, romelic isevea gancalkevebuli am met-
ris ori sxva saxeobisgan (maRali da dabali Sairi), rogorc
es ori saxeoba erTmaneTisagan.
amas Semdeg mohyva `CurCuli ulurjes farCis~ [...]. magram
es aris da es. am unikaluri sazomiT Semdeg galaktions ara
Tu leqsi, striqonic ki ar dauweria~ (xinTibiZe 1987: 201-
202. – xazgasma Cvenia. l. b.).
am sazoms mimarTa manana RaribaSvilma elegiuri distiqis
heqsametruli taepis qarTulad gadmotanisas.
{SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom igive sazomi (3/3/2), oRond
mxolod pirveli taepis pirvel naxevarSi, gamoiyena simon
yauxCiSvilmac zemoT citirebul strofSi:

kargia rodesac kaci || mowinave rigebSi kvdeba

.......
xolo Tu mSobliur qalaqs || da noyiers dastovebs yanebs
......

citirebul taepebSi cezura am adgilas zis simon yaux-

CiSvilTanac (yauxCiSvili 1950: 138), akaki uruSaZesTanac
(uruSaZe 1980: 63) da aseve aqvs gadmotanili es strofi manana
RaribaSvilsac Tavis gamokvlevaSi (RaribaSvili 1897: 44).
magram, Tu gvinda daqtiluri heqsametri gamogvivides, taepi
or nawilad amgvarad unda gaiyos:
146
 `kargia rodesac kaci mo||winave rigebSi kvdeba~.

aq cezuram daqtilebis misaRebad sityva gaxliCa (kaci

mo||winave) da amitom Cans arabunebrivi taepis ase wakiTxva
(Tumca berZnul daqtilur heqsametrSi da mis germanul Tu
rusul imitaciebSi, rogorc cnobilia, aseTi ram sistematu-
rad xdeba, rac mkvlevarebs avaraudebinebs, rom daqtiluri
heqsametri bunebrivi saleqso sazomi ar unda iyos berZnu-
lisTvis da, zogadad, evropuli enebisaTvis, da SesaZloa aq
sxva – araberZnuli – poeziis gavlenasTan gvqondes saqme.
– beraZe 1969: 42-50; 127-131), magram momdevno heqsametrul
taepSi, Tu iqac sworad davsvamT cezuras, sazomis (heqsamet-
ris) da realuri ritmis acdena ase sagrZnobi ar iqneba, vi-
naidan iq sityva ki ar gaixliCeba, aramed, piriqiT, ori sityva
(qalaqs da) gaerTiandeba erT daqtilur terfad:

`xolo Tu mSobliur qalaqs da || noyiers dastovebs yanebs~.

imis gamo, rom qarTulSi uxvad aris sammarcvliani sity-

vebi Tu sityvaTa formebi, maxviliT bolodan mesame mar-
cvalze, qarTulad Zneli ar aris heqsametris iseTi analogis
SeTxzva, sadac sityvaTa gaxleCa (anu saleqso sazomisa da
realuri ritmis urTierTacdena) ar moxdeba. samagaliTod
vnaxoT simon yauxCiSvilis mierve Targmnili es striqoni
solosisa, sadac heqsametris misaRebad sityvebis gaxleCa
saWiro ar aris (yauxCiSvili 1950: 156; uruSaZe 1980: 63):

`demoss me / vaCuqe / imdeni / pativi, / ramdenic / kmara~.

amave sazoms (3/3/2), oRond mxolod meore taepis pirvel

naxevarSi, mimarTavs gobron agarelic. amisi erTi nimuSi ze-
moT davimowmeT akaki uruSaZis wignidan:

`exla-ki mkvdarT Soris mkvdari || saRamos varskvlavi xar~,

magram mis gaorkecebas ar axdens; taepis meore nawilis met-

ruli sqema g. agarelTan aseTia: 3/3/1, anu striqoni erTmar-
147
cvliani terfiT mTavrdeba da aseTi daboloebis mimarT ma-
nana RaribaSvilis pretenziebi, romelTac zemoT gavecaniT,
ZalaSi rCeba}.
axla rac Seexeba pentametris monacvle sazoms manana
RaribaSvilis TargmanebSi. rogorc vTqviT, iq gaorkecebu-
li 5/2-ia gamoyenebuli. am sazomis gamo akaki xinTibiZe wers:
`leqsis am saxeobas (5/2) galaktioni sakuTar metrad
Tvlida. amasTan mas saerTod uyvarda ormarcvliani kaden-
ciebi, striqonis bolos uecari mokveca~ (xinTibiZe 1987: 204).
asea dawerili galaktionis `aTovda zamTris baRebs~, `Wi-
anurebi~, `saRamo~, `kaxeTis mTvare~, `qalav~ da sxv.
am saleqso sazomis istoria, akaki xinTibiZis mixedviT,
amgvari gaxlavT:
`Svidmarcvliani leqsi ramdenadme gaaTavisebures aka-
kim da iliam imiT, rom mis Cveulebriv wyobas, romelic auci-
lebel sammarcvlian daboloebas gulisxmobs (4/3), Siga da
Sig ormarcvliani kadenciebi gauries (5/2). gavixsenoT ilias
`gazafxuli~:
ayvavebula mdelo,
ayvavebula mTebi.

(Sdr. `midis opera `lakme~, // butaforiis Sexla~ [tabiZe 2016:

84]. – l. b.). magram am wyobiT maT mTeli leqsi ar dauweri-
aT. [...] roca `artistul yvavilebSi~ pirvelad gamoCnda `Wi-
anurebi~, `saRamo~ da `aTovda zamTris baRebs~, erTbaSad
darwmunda yvela, rom 5/2 aranakleb moxdenili formaa Svid-
marcvledisa, vidre 4/3~ (xinTibiZe 1987: 202-203).
ai es Svidmarcvledi (5/2) gaaorkeca manana RaribaSvil-
ma, miiRo 14-marcvliani taepi, romelsac ritmuli wyobiT
araferi aqvs saerTo farTod gavrcelebul 14-marcvlian-
Tan 5/4/5 (`mirbis, mimafrens / ugzo-ukvlod / Cemi merani~.
– baraTaSvili 1972: 51) da dasva is elegiuri distiqis penta-
metris adgilas.
am sazomTa (3/3/2 da 5/2) kombinaciiT manana RaribaSvili
qmnis heterosilabur ortaepeds, romliTac Cinebulad gad-
148
moicema elegiuri distiqis rogorc formismieri, aseve az-
robrivi Tu ganwyobiseuli Taviseburebebi:

modi da iwame RmerTi! || RmerTs meficeboda satrfo,

fici gatexa, magram || lamazi aris mainc!
mas axlac grZeli aqvs Tmebi, || uwinac magsigrZe hqonda,
fici gatexa, magram || isev grZeli aqvs Tmebi.
(nazoni 1987: 122)

warmateba ganapiroba am sazomTa (metadre 3/3/2-is) iS-

viaTobam, gaucveTaobam, orive maTganis melodiurobam (rac
Tanamedrove mkiTxvelis aRqmaSi uriTmobis Cinebuli kompen-
saciaa) da imanac, rom es sazomebi, Tumca Zalian gansxvavde-
bian erTmaneTisgan, mainc Tavsebadi aRmoCndnen, ar mtroben
erTurTs, disharmonias ar qmnian, rac maTi damwyvileblis
Cinebul poetur smenasa da, sazogadod, karg gemovnebaze
metyvelebs.

***
axla aseTi kiTxva davsvaT: ramdenad relevanturi (arse-
biTi xasiaTis mqone) movlenaa heterosilaburoba elegiur
distiqSi? ra daSavdeba, Tuki mas izosilaburi leqsiT gad-
moviRebT? (aseT mcdelobasac hqonda adgili: rogorc ukve
vTqviT, roman miminoSvilma mis gadmosatanad 14-marcvliani
izosilaburi leqsi gamoiyena).
wavikiTxoT ovidius nazonis es strofi (trfobani, I, 1):

mrisxane brZolebze msurda diadi simRera meTqva,

gmirTa ambebis Txroba mwyobri sazomiT vcade,
Tavidan orive bwkari hqonia am sazoms* toli,
magram amurma Turme erT-erTs mohkveTa terfi.
(nazoni 1987: 53)

savsebiT cxadia, rom am Sinaarsis strofs, sadac amave

strofis taepTa gansxvavebul sigrZezea saubari, izosila-
* wina striqonisagan gansxvavebiT, `sazomi~ aq metonimiurad aris naxmari da
am sazomiT daweril leqss niSnavs.
149
buri sazomis mqone leqsiT ver gadmovitanT! es erTaderTi
SemTxvevac rom iyos elegiuri distiqiT Sesrulebul leq-
sebSi, esec sakmarisi iqneboda heterosilabizmis relevan-
turobis dasturad. magram imave nazonTan sxvaganac gvxdeba
miniSneba mis mier arCeuli saleqso formis am Tavisebure-
baze. magaliTad, `trfobanis~ me-3 wignis dasawyisSi poeti
mogviTxrobs, tyeSi seirnobisas rogor Semoeyara mas ele-
gia da tragedia. orive Tavisken eqaCeba, orive Tavis Tavs
sTavazobs. elegias nazoni ase axasiaTebs:

vxedav, elegia modis, surnelic vigrZeni Tmebis,

Tumc mSvenieri iyo, mgoni, koWlobda odnav.
mas hqonda natifi saxe da nazi qaTibi ecva,
mokle fexic ki TiTqos ufro momxiblavs xdida.
(nazoni 1987: 117)

tragediasa da elegias Soris sityvieri paeqroba imarTe-

ba. elegia ase mimarTavs konkurents:

zviado, ras merCi? – hkiTxa, – ra mware sityvebiT mitev?

ar SegiZlia iyo ufro rbili da saTno?
Senc bevrjer gicdia adre am koWli sazomiT wera,
Cemiv sazomiT gsurda CemTvis mogego brZola.
(nazoni 1987: 118)

cxadia, verc am strofebs gadmovitanT izosilaburi

leqsiT, vinaidan aqac elegiuri distiqis `koWlobazea~
saubari.
magram elegiuri distiqis heterosilaburobis rele-
vanturobas marto amgvari adgilebis arseboba rodi
ganapirobebs.
am saleqso formis esTetika, misi kavSiri SinaarsTan da im
ganwyobasa Tu asociaciebTan, romlebic distiqis wakiTxvi-
sas da metadre mosmenisas aRiZvreba, imTaviTve iqcevda ro-
gorc poetebis, aseve mkvlevarTa yuradRebas. amis Taobaze
saubrobs oto vainraixi (1886-1972), klasikuri filologiis
150
cnobili specialisti, 1920 wels gamoqveynebul erT weril-
Si – `distiqis esTetikisaTvis~ (`Zur Ästhetik des Distichons~).
igi imowmebs germaneli poetis, emanuel gaibelis (1815-1884),
am distiqs:

Dir, o Brandung, vergleich‘ ich das Distichon, wie du heranrollst,

Spritzend dich brichst und zurückbrausend dich selber verschlingst.
(vainraixi 1920: 88; sqolio)
qarTulad:

`zvirTcemav, me Sen gadareb distiqs, Senc massaviT moeqanebi, /

Sxefebad imsxvrevi da ukanve mimsrboli Sensav Tavs nTqav~.

heterosilaburi distiqi, misi melodia, poets (e. gaibels)

agonebs zvirTcemas zRvis sanapiroze, zRvis talRis win da
ukan moZraobas, zRvis talRebis moqceva-miqcevas.
fridrix Silers (1759-1805) aqvs distiqi, romelSic Tvi-
Ton distiqia daxasiaTebuli aseTnairad:

Im Hexameter steigt des Springquells silberne Säule,

Im Pentameter drauf fällt sie melodisch herab.
(vainraixi 1920: 88)

qarTulad:

heqsametrs aRmoxda nakadi // Sadrevnis vercxlisfer svetad,

rom mere pentametrs is // livliviT daRvroda zed.*

amgvar asociacias aRuZravs distiqi Silers, – STabeW-

dileba, rasac masze distiqi axdens, uTuod subieqturia,
magram amis gamo mas arsebobis uflebas ver wavarTmevT. Tum-
ca aman (STabeWdilebis subieqturobam) sababi misca sxva

* Cven sagangebod vTargmneT f. Sileris es distiqi im nimuSis mixedviT,

romelsac s. yauxCiSvili gvTavazobs (ix. zemoT), vinaidan is sul ori ta-
epia da amitom pentametrSi (me-2 taepSi) oradori erTmarcvliani sityva
gvWirdeba. amrigad, aq, distiqiT Sesrulebuli vrceli teqstebisagan gan-
sxvavebiT, is uxerxulobani, razedac laparakobs manana RaribaSvili zemoT
citirebul komentarSi, ar Seiqmneba.
151
germanel poets, maTias klaudiuss (1740-1815), Sileris am
epigramis aseTi parodia SeeTxza:

Im Hexameter zieht der ästhetische Dudelsack Wind ein;

Im Pentameter drauf läßt er ihn wieder heraus.
(vainraixi 1920: 88)

qarTuli pwkaredi:
`heqsametrSi esTetma gudastvirma qari [haeri] CaisunTqa, // pen-
tametrSi ki mere kvlav gareT gamostyorcna igi [qari, haeri]~.

anu Sileris STabeWdilebis subieqturobis xazgasasme-

lad maTias klaudiusma gamotyorcnis (amjerad – qaris,
haeris gareT gamosrolis) operacia heqsametridan penta-
metrSi gadaitana (klaudiusis es replika skabrezulobasac
ar aris moklebuli).
klasikuri filologiis specialists paul brandts
(1861-1932) Sileris es distiqi axsendeba ovidius nazonis
`trfobanis~erTi striqonis (Amor. I, 1, 27) komentirebisas:

Sex mihi surgat opus numeris, in quinque residat.

(vainraixi 1920: 88)

qarTuli pwkaredi:

`eqvsterfa striqonSi zeaRimarTos Cemi qmnileba, xuTterfa

striqonSi kvlav dabla daeSvas igi~.

amrigad, orive poeti – ovidius nazonic da fridrix Si-

leric – heqsametrs aRmaval, xolo pentametrs daRmaval xa-
siaTs miawers.
dasaxelebul statiaSi oto vainraixi, Tavis mxriv, para-
lels avlebs fridrix Sileris am distiqsa da gaius valerius
katulusis erT epigramas Soris. kerZod, igi wers:
`...arsebobs erTi antikuri distiqi, romelic, marTalia,
distiqis Teoriaze arafers ambobs, magram swored Tavisi
agebulebiT da aRmasvlisa da daRmasvlis [gamomxatvel]
152
cnebaTa heqsametrsa da pentametrs Soris gadanawilebiT in
praxi (praqtikaSi. – l. b.) win uswrebda Sileris daxasiaTebas;
vgulisxmob katulusis 105-e epigramas:

Mentula conatur Pipleium scandere montem,

Musae furcillis praecipitem eiciunt.

(qarTulad: `mamakacis sasqeso organom* pimpleis mTaze [par-

nasze, muzebis saufloSi] asvla moiwadina, / muzebma fiwlebiT gad-
moayudes igi Tavqve~).
[...]
naklebad safiqrebelia, – ganagrZobs oto vainraixi, – Si-
lers, roca distiqs axasiaTebda, am epigramaze efiqra. mag-
ram iqneb SesaZlebeli iyos katulusis praqtikisa da ovidi-
usis Teoriuli daxasiaTebis kombinireba. xom ar arsebobda
principulad ovidiusis daxasiaTebis msgavsi esTetikuri
daxasiaTeba distiqisa ukve axali poetebis (poetae novi)** xanaSi
da katulusi amis magaliTs xom ar warmogvidgens mariliani
humoris meSveobiT? rogorc ar unda iyos, `aRmasvla~ (scan-
dere) heqsametrSi da `zemodan Tavqve gadmoyudeba~ (praecipi-
tem eicere) pentametrSi, rasac katulusis distiqSi vxvdebiT,
uTuod imsaxurebs imas, rom igi yvela SemTxvevaSi Sileris
distiqis mkafio paralelad miviCnioT~ (vainraixi 1920: 88).
me mgoni, cxadia, rom marto arsebobac ki amgvari dak-
virvebebisa da varaudebisa, miuxedavad imisa, viziarebT
Tu ara maT, ganamtkicebs distiqis heterosilaburobis
relevanturobas.

* dedanSi aq pirdapir aris dasaxelebuli mamakacis sasqeso organo. arsebobs

am distiqis evfemizebuli rusuli Targmani, a. fetis mier Sesrulebuli. ev-
femizeba imaSi gamoixateba, rom a. fetTan mamakacis sasqeso organos nacv-
lad aris Хлыщ, rac Tavqarians, pranWias niSnavs: `Хлыщ, говорят, захотел на
Пимплейскую гору подняться, / Вилами Музы сейчас сбросили сверху его~. sqolioSi
vkiTxulobT: `rogorc Cans, katuluss mxedvelobaSi hyavda mamura, iulius
keisris erT-erTi momxre. poeti dascinis mis mcdelobas Tavi gamoiCinos
poeziis sferoSi~ (qrestomaTia... 1958: 162).
** `axali poetebi~ _ poetTa jgufi, romelic Seiqmna qristemde 50 wels. isini
gaemijnen romaul poetur tradicias da Tavs poetTa axal Taobad miiCnevd-
nen. am jgufis yvelaze cnobili warmomadgenelia katulusi.
153
 SesaZloa distiqis heterosilaburobaSi da amiT gamow-
veul JReradobaSi Cabudebuli iyos faruli erotizmi, ro-
melic maSinac iCens Tavs, rodesac am saleqso formiT ara-
erotikuli Sinaarsia gadmocemuli.
vfiqrobT, elegiuri distiqis es Tavisebureba SenarCune-
bulia manana RaribaSvilis mier qarTul enaze mis gadmosa-
tanad SerCeul saleqso formaSi, rac did SemoqmedebiT miR-
wevad unda CaiTvalos.
axla mTlianad wavikiTxoT katulusis eqvstaepiani
leqsi da davakvirdeT mas ritmis aRma-daRma `moZraobis~
TvalsazrisiT:

lesbia augi sityviT xSir-xSirad maxsenebs qmarTan,

is ki usmens da xarobs, ra uxaria regvens!
Se marTla jorTagan joro, gerCios, piruku moxdes,
daviwyebuli vyavde, ar maxsenebdes mal-mal.
axla ki, Sexede, mqirdavs, uSveri sityvebiT mamkobs,
metic, gizgizebs braziT, metic, gulSigniT vyavar.
(mwvervalebi 2016: 53)

kent striqonSi, romelic 16 marcvlisgan Sedgeba, daq-

tilebis siWarbe (4 daqtili, 2 qore: `lesbia / augi / sity-
viT || xSir-xSirad / maxsenebs / qmarTan~) ganapirobebs dinj,
dayovnebul ritms. SedarebisTvis gavixsenoT, rom swored
daqtilebi aneleben temps dabal SairSic: `iyo / arabeTs /
rostevan, || mefe / RmrTisagan / sviani~ (rusTaveli 1988: 14)
– aqac or qoreze oTxi daqtili modis. maRali Sairis ritmi
da tempi ki, imis gamo, rom iq daqtiluri terfebi ar gvaqvs,
aCqarebulia: `gulsa missa / mijnuroba|| misi hqonda / dama-
lulad~ (rusTaveli 1988: 15). oTxdaqtiliani 16-marcvliani
taepis dinji intonacia manana RaribaSvilis TargmanebSic
aRmarTze nela (mZimed) asvlis STabeWdilebas qmnis. momdev-
no 14-marcvliani (kent striqonebze ori marcvliT naklebi)
taepis ritmi ki, sadac sammarcvliani (daqtiluri) sityva an
sul ar gvxdeba (`daviwyebuli / vyavde,|| ar maxsenebdes / mal-

154
mal~), an kidev – gvxvdeba (maqsimum ori: `metic, gizgizebs/
braziT, metic, gulSigniT vyavar~), magram isinic marcxniv
mdgar qoreebTan xuTmarcvlian terfs qmnian, rac amcirebs
maT Semayovnebel zemoqmedebas taepis tempze, ris Sedegadac
14-marcvliani taepi zemodan qvemoT daSvebis STabeWdile-
bas qmnis wina 16-marcvliani taepis `aRmavali~ intonaciis
fonze.

damowmebani:

baraTaSvili 1972: baraTaSvili n. Txzulebani. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo~, 1972.
beraZe 1969: beraZe p. Zveli berZnuli da qarTuli leqsTwyobis
sakiTxebi. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1969.
vainraixi 1920: Weinreich O. Zur Ästhetik des Distichons // Neue Jahrbücher für das
klassische Altertum, Geschichte und deutsche Literatur und für Pädagogik. Herausgegeben
von Johannes Ilberg. Fünfundzwanzigster Band. Leipzig-Berlin: Verlag und Druck von B.
G. Teubner, 1920.
mwvervalebi 2016: romauli lirikis mwvervalebi. laTinuridan Targm-
na, Sesavali werili, winaTqmebi da komentarebi daurTo manana RaribaS-
vilma. Tbilisi: `logosi~, 2016.
nazoni 1987: publius ovidius nazoni. trfobani. laTinuridan Targm-
na, Sesavali werili, SeniSvnebi da saxelTa saZiebeli daurTo manana
RaribaSvilma. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1987.
rusTaveli 1988: SoTa rusTaveli. vefxistyaosani. Tbilisi: `mecniere-
ba~, 1988.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. Tbilisi: 2016.
uruSaZe 1980: uruSaZe a. berZnul-romauli da qarTuli metrikis
sakiTxebi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1980.
qrestomaTia ... 1958: Хрестоматия по античной литературе, т. II. Для высших
учебных заведений. Н. Ф. Дератани, С. П. Кондратьев, Н.  А. Тимофеева. Римская
литература. Москва: «Просвещение», 1959.
yauxCiSvili 1950: yauxCiSvili s. berZnuli literaturis istoria. t. I.
meore Sevsebul-Sesworebuli gamocema. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1950.
xinTibiZe 1987: xinTibiZe a. galaktionis poetika. Tbilisi: Tsu gamom-
cemloba, 1987.

155
nino gogiaSvili

futurizmi, rogorc „saSiSi naxtomi“

simon Ciqovanis poetur diskursSi

futurizmi, rogorc dekadenturi literaturuli mim-

dinareoba, italiaSi 1909 wels Camoyalibda, romlis sulis
Camdgmeli da manifestis avtori, memarcxene ideologiis
poeti filipo tomazo marineti gaxldaT. italielma fu-
turistebma mTel samyaros „gaugzavnes“ „destruqciuli“ da
„aRSfoTebuli“ manifesti, sadac werdnen, rom italia unda
gaeTavisuflebinaT im „boroti gangrenisagan“, rasac siZve-
lis moyvaruli adamianebi qmnidnen. maTi agresiuli da daun-
dobeli gegmebis mTavari substancia gaxldaT Zaladoba da
omis apologia, romelsac, maTi TqmiT, WeSmariti wmendisa
da gacxrilvis unari hqonda. futurizmi, rogorc forma-
listuri mimdinareoba, faqtobrivad, realizmis polarul
saxelovnebo niSad Seiqmna da uaryo yovelgvari „ukan mixed-
va“. italiurma futurizmma ruseTSi 1911-12 wlebSi gada-
inacvla da SedarebiT rbili saxe miiRo, Tumca masac Tan ax-
lda „didebuli futuristuli sicili“, romelsac msoflio
unda gaeaxalgazrdavebina. saqarTveloSi futurizmi 1918
wels Semovida Zmebis – kiril da ilia zdaneviCebisa da rusi
futuristebisgan. 1922 wels is oficialurad gacxadda si-
mon Ciqovanisa da misi megobrebis mier da maT Sesabamisi
manifstic gamosces, saxelwodebiT – „manifesti-fenisqi“,
romelic, ZiriTadad, italiuri da rusuli futuristuli
manifestebis kompilacia gaxldaT. qarTvel futuristebs
sakuTari Jurnalic hqondaT – H2SO4, romlis saxelwodeba-
Sic determinirebuli iyo mkafio idea: rogorc es Zlieri,
orfuZiani mJava zemoqmedebs nivTierebebze, aseve futur-
istul mimdinareobas gamanadgureblad unda emoqmeda imJa-
mindel literaturaze. „davartyaT TavSi lirikas Ceqma da
davadinoT cisferi sisxli“-werda simon Ciqovani. rTuli

156
misaxvedri araa, Tu ratom hqonda am dros lirikas „cisferi
sisxli“ da ratom unda daertyaT mainc da mainc Ceqma. miuxe-
davad simbolistur esTetikasTan dapirispirebisa, futur-
istebma TviTgamoxatva swored simboloebiT, cifrebiTa da
niSnebiT gadawyvites. es faqtic metyvelebs maT Sinagan ar-
amdgradobasa da winaamdegobaze, ramac Zalian maleve iCi-
na Tavi da, futurizmi iseve aqrolda, rogorc qroldeba
H2SO4, Znelad, magram – mainc. Tumca, unda aRvniSnoT, rom
futurizmi marTlac metad saintereso, aucilebeli da „sa-
SiSi naxtomi“ gaxldaT. man, garkveulwilad, indikatoris
funqcia SeiTavsa qarTul literaturaSi da gamoavlina misi
sayuradRebo latenturi Tvisebebi.
qarTulma futurizmma sul 3-4 weli iarseba, Tumca es
mcire dro sakmarisi aRmoCnda didi ZvrebisTvis Cvens sali-
teraturo saazrovno sivrceSi. futurizmis talRam, ro-
melic qarTul realobaSi ZiriTadad futurizmis, dadaizmis
da konstruqcivizmis nazavs warmoadgenda, „swrafi siaru-
liTa“ da „saSiSi naxtomebiT“ gadauara Cvens literaturas.
gansxvavebiT italiuri futurizmisa, romelic realisturi
xelovnebis sawinaaRmdegod Seiqmna, qarTuli futurizmi,
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, yvelaze mZlavrad simbolistur es-
Tetikas upirispirdeboda. simon Ciqovani iyo upirvelesi,
vinc aqtiurad CaerTo am „brZolaSi“. misi am periodis le-
qsebi futuristuli mxatvruli azrovnebis mkafio gamov-
linebis nimuSebia. esenia: „cira“, „xabo“, „mekameCeebis ur-
muli“, „qarboria“... am leqsebma, TiTqos, „siliT da muStiT“,
stilis, punqtuaciis, ritmis aRreviT, alogikuri aqcentiT
bgerweraze, siTamamiTa da yvelafris wamlekavi TviTga-
mocxadebulobiT, mZlavri antibiotikis roli iTamaSes mis
poeziaSi – „gankurnes“ dazianebuli arqauli elementebi,
„Caaqres“ SeCveuli ritmuli da riTmuli Sablonebis „anTe-
biTi procesebi“, daaviwyes „angariSvaldebuleba“ ZvelTan,
sayovelTaod aRiarebulTan da misaRebTan.
Tavdapirvelad Cvens yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT simon
Ciqovanis 1925 wlis ianvriT daTariRebul leqsze „cira“,
157
romelic veriko anjafariZisadmia miZRvnili. leqsi „zau-
muri“ poeziis nimuSia. mogexsenebaT, zaumuri ena futuriz-
mis kvaldakvalaa aRmocenebuli da is axali enis Seqmnas gu-
lisxmobs. v.f. markovi zaumur enas uwodebda „SesaniSnav da
gamomwvev ideas, romelmac miiyvana futurizmi mis umaRles
miRwevamde da logikur daboloebamde“. „zaumi“ futuris-
tuli mimdinareobis yvelaze logikuri gamoxatulebaa, ram-
denadac mas SegviZlia vuwodoT logikuri. „avangardisti ar
qmnis samyaros sakuTar models; xelovnebis avangardistuli
nawarmoebi ar aRadgens da arc gulisxmobs CvenTvis cnobil,
Cven garSemo arsebul an martooden SesaZlebel sinamdviles,
aramed mimarTulia iqiTken, rom Camoayalibos axali eqsten-
sionalebi – Camoayalibos upirveles yovlisa, enis meSveo-
biT~ (sirotkini 2010). „zaumi“ swored is axali enaa, romelic,
futuristuli esTetikis relevanturia, enobrivi prizmis
TvalsazrisiT. „zaumuri“ leqsi ki, igor terentievis azriT,
„didebuli araraobaa“ .

bade baidebs
bude baidebs
cira muxlebze gulfiltvs daidebs.
aida-baidebs, aido baidebs,
cira ciba, cira warbi,
cira wabli, warbenili.

Cven SegviZlia, aRviqvaT warmodgenili teqsti, bgerweris

TvalsazrisiT. misi sainterpretacio sivrce mraval Sredaa
ganfenili da ZiriTadad, mgrZnobelobas ukavSirdeba, ro-
melic axali enis, ufro zustad – enobrivi namsxvrevebis sa-
SualebiT gadmogvecema. „bade“ – siyvarulis bade, silamazis
momnusxveli bade, romelsac mosdevs evfoniurad Sesatyvisi
axali zmna – „baidebs“. „bude“ – budis dadeba, simyudrove. am
or striqons mosdevs mesame – sruli striqoni: „cira muxle-
bze gulfiltvs daidebs“, da „budis dadebis“ sintagma iSle-
ba da meore striqonis nacvlad, gadmodis mesameSi. „gulis
dadeba“, „guli amoiRo“ – sityvaTSeTanxmebis asociaciebs
158
iwvevs „gulfiltvs daidebs“, rogorc bolomde gamoxatva,
bolomde daxarjva, gadmoRvra (msaxiobi qalis udidesi niWi
scenaze), amasTan, muxlebze, rogorc qalis sxeulis erT-erT
yvelaze mSvenier, natif da intimur nawilze asaxva, nawers
gansakuTrebul eqspresias sZens. cxadia, Cven ar vcdilobT
„zaumis“ interpretaciasa da gaSifvras, Tumca vsaubrobT
im asociaciebze, romlebsac iwvevs konkretuli teqsti. „za-
umi“ aseve uzrunvelyofs universalur dinamikas, iseve, ro-
gorc abrakadabra da bodviTi verbaluri kombinaciebi. fu-
turistebis zaumuri ena Cveulebrivi, yofiTi sagnebisa da
movlenebis aRqmis gaucnaurebes mcdeloba. „futuristebis
praqtikaSi deavtomatizacias gamoxatavda e.w. `zaumuri~ ena.
is ki sxva araferia, Tu ara im „bgeriTi laqebis“ (Sklovskis
TqmiT) usagno kombinacia, romlebic TavisTavad aRuZrav-
dnen siamvnebis grZnobas aRmqmel subieqts. zaumuri po-
eturi metyveleba, upirveles yovlisa, yuradRebas ipyrobs
Tavisi fonetikuri SedgenilobiT. deformirebuli sityva
ganapirobebs enis meqanikuri aRqmis deavtomatizacias –
gaucnaurebas da bgerebis „semasioloizacias“. amgvarad,
xorcieldeba: 1. bgeriTi zaumuri efeqti; 2. semantikuri za-
umuri efeqti“, – wers Tamar lomiZe (literaturis ... 2008:
16-17).
odeliodo bude,
odeliodo ca.
mdinaris piras cxenebi mocda.
cira Sindi,
Sors baidiT gadafrindi.
ude bude,
udevs bade
da baidebs
obadebi abadia.

ar SeiZleba, ar gagvaxsendes, bavSvobidan kargad nacnobi

frazebi: „indi-mindi, ferad Sindi, frTa gaSale, gadafrin-
di“, romelic zaumur enazea „gadaTargmili“ mocemul leq-
159
sSi: „cira Sindi, Sors baidiT gadafrindi“. ritmic igive
gvesmis, frazac, mxolod, sxva enaze gvesaubrebian, Secvlili
mniSvnelobebiT, romelic, marTalia, aluziur mexsierebas
aRviZebs, magram, amasTan, sruliad sxva konotaciur sivr-
ceebs gvixsnis. xsenebuli frazis ritmsa da konstruqciazea
agebuli muxran maWavarianis leqsi „tye-tye midis“, Tumca is
ar arRvevs enis sintaqss, punqtuacias da qmnis mniSvnelobebs
ukve arsebuli enis bazaze. simon Ciqovani ki „saSiS naxtoms“
akeTebs da axali eniT axleburad gvesaubreba.
`zaumis“ SesaniSnavi magaliTia misi „mekameCeebis
urmulic“:
naxSiris muxarSi
bRaoda muxaSi
kameCi uxeSi
talaxSi fuyeSi
dilamde ZaRlebi kameCebs uyefen
kopitis mamali kameCebs miyivis
ei! do zor Sara motoba domuzli
ei’do borani kombali da saxre
ei! do zor Sara motoba, doTxomuri
zomuri, zomuri.

nacnob da SeCveul sityvebs mosdevs sruliad ucnauri

da arafrismTqmeli sityvebi, da mTliani teqsti axlade-
naadgmuli bavSvis azrsmoklebul titins gvagonebs. arc imis
Tqma SegviZlia, rom nacnobi sityvebi ZiriTadi niSnulebia,
razec unda SevaCeroT Cveni yuradReba. am sityvebs axali
sityvebi mosdeven da Cndeba gancda, rom mxolod am axali
sityvebis winapirobad agondeba isini poets. winapiroba ki,
evfoniur bmas gulisxmobs, asociaciebs, dafuZnebuls enob-
riv qsovilze, romlebic mxolod mis Sexebaze vibrireben.
es aris mekameCeebis „axali urmuli“, axal mxatvrul enaze
damuSavebuli da warmodgenili, aRsaniSnebisa da aRmniS-
vnelebis sruliad axali mniSvnelobebiT, axali zaumuri enis
referenciulobiT arsebulis winaaRmdeg. „orgi’do xerg’do
160
muxebis rko“! – leqsis dasawyisi megrul an svanur enaTa
JReradobas gvagonebs. muxis, rogorc qarTuli sakraluri
xis cneba ki myaradaa determinirebuli nebismieri qarTve-
lis cnobierebaSi da misi gansazRvruli da gansakuTrebuli
mniSvnelobebisken migviTiTebs. teqsti gvxiblavs, radgan is
erTdroulad Zalian gaugebaricaa da gasagebic. xorbali,
kombali, onbalo – struqturis mxriv erT sibrtyeze md-
gomi sayovelTaod nacnobi sityvebis gverdiT Cndeba axali
sityvebi – orgi’do, zizure-ro-ro, do zor Sata motoba,
doTxomuri, zomuri, – romlebsac garkveuli Sesatyvisebis
pretenzia gaaCniaT. vfiqrobT, zaumuri enac, rogorc Tavad
avangardizmi, protestia yovelgvari arsebulis, SeCveulis,
daCrCilulis, Zvelis, komfortulis winaaRmdeg. arsebuli
ena ver asaxavs sagnebsa da xdomilebebs maTi zusti mniSv-
nelobebiT, irRveva emociuri balansi da futuristebic sa-
kuTar enaze iwyeben saubars! avangardizmis prizmaSi gada-
texili xelovneba gansakuTrebuli TvisebebiT gamoirCeva.
rac ar unda vTqvaT, avangardi sworedac asrulebs gawmendis
da gasufTavebis funqcias. rogorc italiaSi futurizms
meore renesanss adarebdnen da ambobdnen, rom iwyeboda axa-
li xelovnebis aRorZineba, qarTulma futurizmmac Tavisi
gardamtexi roli Seasrula qarTul xelovnebaSi. litera-
turaSi gamoxatuli qarTuli futurizmi organulad Seer-
wya dadaizms da axlac xSirad kamaToben im sakiTxze, magali-
Tad, simon Ciqovani futuristi iyo Tu dadaisti? qarTulma
avangardma, konstruqtivizmTan erTad, es orive mimarTule-
ba SeierTa da sruliad gansxvavebuli saxe miiRo. qarTuli
dada da zaumi folklorul Zirebs daeyrdno. qarTuli dada-
izmi naklebad agresiuli, naklebad radikaluri da naklebad
mSobliur fesvebs mowyvetili gaxldaT. amgvar teqstebSi
naTlad gvesmis folklori, misi ritmuli intonacia, erov-
nuli definiciebiT daSifruli sityvebi da kompozitebi.

161
 mekobreebis xifaTs abruebs xabo,
xarbi abreSumis xoragi xabo,
ragu xreSi xardingi xabo
boboli bego ofofi xabo,
Raria Raria kldeebs cicabos
oboba Rrume Rrubeli ormo.
birTvi da burTi begobi zurgi
royo xunagi xariba kuzi
bunagi babris kovzi sagube
qolga qoggale bundRis quba
Rromi uremi Ramura Robi
arxi boxi, burRi. (4)

amonaridi simon Ciqovanis leqsidan – „sanapiro simRe-

ra „xabo“, saukeTeso magaliTia qarTuli avangardisa. „xabo
rume“ – bnel, Caqceul, ufskrulian adgils niSnavs megru-
lad. SesaZlebelia, mas bgerweriTi kavSiri hqondes leqsSi
warmodgenil „oboba Rrume“-sTan, „qoggale“ ki megrulad
niSnavs „Semogevles“. rogorc Tamar paiWaZe ambobs, saxezea
misi „ritmul-musikaluri srulyofileba“ da „mxatvrul-
formaluri sistematizacia“, da “aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom
qarTuli dada kidev ufro liberaluri iyo – politprotes-
tis raime niSanwyali mas ar gaaCnda da mTavari is iyo, rom
klasikuri sqema futurizmi-dada saqarTveloSi erTgvarad
piriqiT formiT gamoisaxa: jer dadaisturi radikalizms
mousinjes niadagi qarTvelma modernistebma, rac Semdeg
futuristul moZraobaSi gadaizarda~ (literaturaTmcod-
neobis ... 2009: 190).
simon Ciqovanis leqsi „qarboriac“ megruli folkloris
niadagzea Seqmnili. qarboria megrulad CrdiloeTis Zli-
er, civ qars niSnavs. miuxedavad zemoT monaTxrobisa, simon
Ciqovani mainc is poetia, romelic „suls sasworze wonis“
qarTul sityvas da misi mTavari SemoqmedebiTi orientiri
samSobloa. da amgvari futuristuli gardasaxvis Semdegac,
mamulis da mamuliSvilebis Temebs ubrundeba. amgvari faqti

162
ukve literaturuli diagnozia futurizmisgan „gankurne-
bisa“, Tumca kvlav aRvniSnavT im gamaaxalgazrdavebeli da
gamaxalisebeli efeqtis Sesaxeb, romelic am mimdinareobam
datova poeziaSi. simon Ciqovanis da sxva qarTveli futu-
ristebis Semoqmedeba iyo „gamowveva“, romelic maT „esro-
les varskvlavebs“! Tumca, sul male, maTi radikaluri
jgufi daiSala, jgufis wevrebidan ki zogierTi maTgani so-
cialisturi realizmis mexotbe gaxda, zogi sofelSi gadaix-
vewa, zogierTma „xeli aiRo formalistur Ziebebze“, zogmac
lit. muSakad daiwyo muSaoba da sakuTari biografiis „ga-
TeTrebas“ mihyo xeli, simon Ciqovani ki, mweralTa kavSiris
Tavmjdomared mogvevlina. rac mTavaria, yoveli maTganis
Semoqmedeba sruliad daicala avangardis, futurizmis, da-
das da zaumisgan. Tumca, gmiroba mxolod rCeulTa xvedria
da sabWoTa diqtaturis mier miTiTebuli instruqciebi, an
Tavis gadarCenis aseT xerxebze, an gacimbirebaze gadioda.
„saSiSi naxtomis“ traeqtoriam varskvlavebamde ver miaRwia,
magram qarTvelma futuristebma es gamowveva isroles!

damowmebani:

literaturaTmcodneobis ... 2009: literaturaTmcodneobis Taname-

drove problemebi. II saerTaSoriso simpoziumi. masalebi. nawili II.
Tbilisi: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2009.
literaturis Teoria 2008: literaturis Teoria. XX saukunis ZiriTa-
di meTodologiuri koncefciebi da mimdinareobebi. Tbilisi: lite-
raturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2008.
sirotkini 2010: sirotkini n. avangardizmis gamokvlevis meTodologia
anu avangardizmis semiotikuri mimarTeba sinamdvilisadmi (Tamar beri-
kaSvilis Targmani). Jurn. semiotika. 2010.
https://semioticsjournal.wordpress.com/2010/08/02/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E
1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%
E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C
%E1%83%98-_-%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92
%E1%83%90/
Ciqovani: simon Ciqovani leqsebi poemebi. http://poetry.ge/poets/simon-
chikovani/poems

163
qeTevan enuqiZe

simon Ciqovanis ciklis, „simRera daviT guramiSvilze~,

struqturuli analizi

simon Ciqovanis cikli „simRera daviT guramiSvilze“ 51

leqss moicavs. cikli Seiqmna 1942-46 wlebSi, meore msoflio
omis dros, xolo 1947 wels poeti saxelmwifo premiiT
daajildoves.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom simon Ciqovanma am cikliT gansa-
kuTrebuli sityva Tqva qarTul poeziaSi, imis miuxedavad,
rom misi avangardizmis periodis poezia ukve sargeblobda
popularobiT da aRiarebiT.
sainteresoa ciklis leqsebis metris struqtura, radgan
analizis gareSec Cans, rom poeti am teqstSi, romelic Seg-
viZlia erT mTlianobad miviCnioT (iseTive mimarTebiT, ro-
goriTac „daviTiani“), SesaniSnavad urwyavs erTmaneTs
ritms da Sinaarss. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ritmi da metri
araCveulebrivad gadmogvcems leqsebis emociur Tavise-
burebebs.
maRali SairiT dawerilia 8 leqsi. cikli iwyeba leqsiT
„guramiSvilis suraTze“, romelic dawerilia 8-marcvlediT,
maRali SairiT. sainteresoa, rom es sazomi gamoyenebulia
pirvel leqsSi, maSin, rodesac d. guramiSvilis „daviTianis“
pirveli leqsi – „es kaci ase ilocavs“, dabali SairiT aris
dawerili.
momdevno 8-marcvledebia – „augi uflisadmi“ da „meore
augi“. pirveli leqsis epigrafi dabali SairiT dawerili or-
taepedia: „RvTisagan gulsa Semaklda, vayvedre, ase vitire,
Tu momec, raRac wamarTva, an ase rad gaviwire“.
„daviTianSi“ monakveTi, romelsac Sinaarsobrivad See-
sabameba s. Ciqovanis es ori leqsi, dabali SairiT aris dawe-
rili. aq gansxvaveba erTgvari aqcentirebaa, magram aqcentis
aucilebloba SeiZleba avxsnaT monakveTis gansakuTrebuli
164
mniSvnelobiT. rogorc gvaxsovs, swored am monakveTSi Cans
sinanulis gansakuTrebuli gamovlineba. gamovlineba mTeli
simZafriT, imis miuxedavad, rom misi erTgvari odeseac jer
ar dasrulebula, xsna ar Cans, magram es gza, romelic ganv-
lo da romelic, amave dros, mis gansawmendels warmoadgens,
swored am monakveTSi iZens dinamikas da gansakuTrebul
emociur siRrmes – erTdroulad.
22-e leqsSi „gugulebi“ aseve 8-marcvledia, romelSic
samSoblos monatrebaa gadmocemuli, 29-eSi ki – „Sin dabru-
neba“ – romelsac epigrafad uZRvis guramiSvilis fraza
„Surman mec didad damkoda...“, Sin dabrunebas aRwers. mesame
taepSi naxsenebia guguli – „arc bulbuli, arc guguli“.
igive sazomia momdevno leqsSi – „qsnis xeobaSi darCe-
nili trfialis mogoneba“. epigrafad uZRvis „veRar mnaxavo
moyvrisa, tan-lerwam pirad vardisa“.
leqsi „daviT guramiSvili saba orbelianis Sesaxeb“ (epi-
grafi – „mivende SvidTa varskvlavTa mas CrdiloeTis mxa-
resa“) kvlav sevdian mogonebebTan aris dakavSirebuli,
Tumca amjerad sabas xvedris aRweriT gadmocemuli, rac
erTgvarad, gaziarebulia daviT guramiSvilis mier.
41-e leqsSi „stumrebis ganSoreba“ (epigrafi – „es wigni
qarTl-kaxeTis mepatronis mefis iraklis Ziri, mirianisTvis
mimirTmevia“), romelic ukanasknelia maRali SairiT dawe-
ril leqsebs Soris, saqarTveloSi sakuTari teqstebis
gagzavnazea saubari.
4-marcvliani terfebiT dawerili leqsebi, ZiriTadad,
heteroslaburi, kidev gvxvdeba ciklSi da gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas davuTmobT.
dabali SairiT dawerilia 6 leqsi. pirveli sami („kacis
xilva“, „kaloze misvla“, „pirveli xmobili“ erT Temas war-
moadgens da, SesaZloa, poetma imitomac SearCia erTi sazomi.
leqssi „minaweri“ amave Temis gagrZelebaa da rusi erovnebis
adamianebTan urTierTobas exeba.
leqsSi „satrfialo“ gvxvdeba guramiSvilis cnobili le-
qsis, „simRera daviTisa: zubovka“, aluzia, Tumca aqac gan-
165
sxvavebas vxedavT metrSi. guramiSvilis leqsi dawerilia
14-marcvlediT (4+4+4+2) da bolos, „samSobloSi dabruneba“)
epigrafi – „imas Svilad vervina sjobs“), romelSic poetis
gulistkivilze – uSvilobazea, aqcenti gakeTebuli.
yvelaze didi raodenobiT leqsebSi gamoyenebulia loga-
eduri 10-marcvledi (16 leqsi).
leqsebSi „ormoSi“, „pirveli wyaro“ guramiSvilis datyve-
vebis ambavia moTxrobili. leqsi „gzajvaredinze“ imave Te-
mis gagrZelebaa, magram icvleba piri. Tu pirvel or leqsSi
poeti iyenebs II pirisadmi mimarTvas, leqsSi „gzajvaredin-
ze“ piri icvleba.
momdevno leqsebSi – „sami xma“, „daviTis baRi“, „sabas aC-
rdili“, „qarTuli simRera“, „stumrebi“, „gabaaseba sikvdil-
Tan“, „meore gabaaseba sikvdilTan“, „ucnauri survili“,
„cocxali mklavi“, „d.g. gabaaseba sawuTrosTan“, „ukanaskne-
li dRe“. simon Ciqovani mravalferovan Tematikas gvaZlevs,
magram mainc guramiSvilis Sinagani samyaros, misi emociebis,
gadmocema xdeba.
metris sisadave gamoyenebulia swored imisTvis, rom Si-
naarsi iyos aqcentirebuli da ara forma. amas xels uwyobs
isic, rom yvela leqsSi (da, zogadad, ciklSi, ramdenime ga-
monaklisis garda) gamoyenebulia sariTmo sqema ABAB.
ciklSi gvxvdeba sami leqsi metruli sqemiT 4/4/2:
„daviT guramiSvilis mWmunvareba qarTlis Wiri“;
„daviT guramiSvilis mier xmisa da kilos Zieba“;
„mewisqvile“.
leqsebs Soris ar aris Sinaarsobrivi kavSiri. gansakuT-
rebiT sainteresoa meore leqsi, romelic simon Ciqovanis
lirikuli gmiris da daviT guramiSvilis Sinagani kavSiris
erTgvari konstataciaa. leqsSi aRar aris gamoyenebuli
Txroba, rogorc sxva leqsebSi. gvxvdeba mimarTva, Tumca ara
adamianis, aramed poetisadmi, romlis mTeli teqstis Tav-
moyrasac cdilobs. metrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburi
JReradoba, romelic gamowveulia ori 4-marcvliani terfis
Semdeg moyolebuli 2-marcvliani mokle terfis moulod-
166
neli Sekvecis efeqtiT, sevdanarev, ontonacias amZafrebs.
amgvari Tanmimdevroba am tipis 10-marcvleds radikalurad
ganasxvavebs logaeduri 10-marcvledisgan.
ciklSi gvxvdeba oTxi leqsi metruli sqemebiT:
1. 4/4/4 – „gzaSi“, „afrebis Sriali“;
2. 5/4/5 – „daviT guramiSvilis godeba vaxtangis gardac-
valebis gamo“;
3. 3/3/3/3 – „mirgorodSi“.
leqsebSi „gzaSi“ da „afrebis Sriali“ Tanabarmarcvliani
terfebi da 12-marcvliani, grZeli taepi SesaniSnavad aR-
wers mogzaurobas, grZel gzas, romelic dausrulebeli
da erTferovani Cans. xolo „mirgorodSi“, romelSic Za-
lian mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb aris saubari,
dawerilia daqtiluri 12-marcvlediT. es metri ki dinamikur
ritms qmnis.
1. „gzaSi“
gzas gaudga, moskovisken gaeSura,
nawvimarze gaeswrafa kafandara,
rusma moZmem Sara gauabreSuma,
gaacila da sagzali gaatana.

2. „afrebis Sriali“
rogorc iyo, qarTvelebma gaixares,
peterburgSi maT Wir-varams miayures,
paraklisis Semdeg svenckiT aiyarnen
da astraxans edilis wyliT miaSures.

3. „daviT guramiSvilis godeba vaxtangis

gardacvalebis gamo“
gardaicvala astraxanSi vaxtang meeqvse,
vai ra boZi, ra maSvrali da ra meleqse.

4. „mirgorodSi“
qarTvelTa fiqrebi umweod akvrtdnen,
ubrZanes, dabrundnen samSoblo mxareSi,
Tu vinmem indomos ruseTSi damkvidrdes,
mxedrebad ganwesdnen dedoflis jarebSi.
167
 besikuri 14-marcvediT dawerili leqsi gansakuTrebu-
lia Temis gamo, romelic „daviTianSic“ erTgvar qvakuTxeds
warmoadgens. igive SeiZleba iTqvas ciklzec. sayuradReboa
mosazRvre riTma, miT umetes, rom, umeteswilad, jvaredin
riTmas iyenebs.
ciklis 14 leqsi heterosilaburia, Tumca maT Sorisac
bevri saerToa:
„dakarguli lukma“ (meeqvse leqsi)
„fiqri sarwyavze“ (ocdameTvramete leqsi)
metruli sqemaa 8/12 (4/4 // 4/4/4)
„dakargul lukmaSi“, iseve, rogorc ciklis pirvel leq-
sebSi, mimarTva gvxvdeba, Tumca metri 8/12 – 4-marcvliani
terfebis ritmuli Tanmimdevroba lirikuli gmiris mZime
mdgomareobis gansakuTrebuli gamZafrebis funqcias asru-
lebs. aSkarad igrZnoba TanagrZnobis efeqtis gamZafrebac
aseT TanmimdevrobaSi. imave emocias vxvdebiT leqsSi „fiqri
sarwyavze“.
or heterosilabur leqsSi meore/meoTxe taepebis bolo
daqtiluri terfi gansxvavebul ritms gvaZlevs.
„wylis amRvreva“ da „bunebis sagalobeli“ ciklis 42-e da
43-e leqsebia da erTi Temis ganviTarebas warmoadgens. mi-
uxedavad imisa, rom mTel cikls, faqtobrivad, tragikuli
elferi dahkravs, es leqsebi im ritmis gavleniT, romelsac
metri qmnis, gamoirCeva optimizmiTa da energiulobiT. mi-
marTvis forma SenarCunebulia.
„aRmzrdeli ZiZis gaxseneba“ aseve heterosilaburia – 8/10
(4/4 // 4/4/2) da 2-marcvliani sxvaoba pirvel-meore taepebs
Soris pozitiuri emociis momcvel dinamikas qmnis.
heterosilaburi leqsebia: „ocneba wisqvilze“ (4/4/3
// 4/4/2), „lodini vsesviatskoeSi“ (4/4/2 // 4/4/4), „meore
minaweri“ (4/4/2 // 4/4/3), „moskovSi Sesvla (4/4/2)“.
„moskovSi Sesvla“ gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, radgan
leqss enacvleba ara mxolod 10/9-marcvliani taepebi, ar-
amed 4/2-marcvliani da 3-marcvliani terfebi, rac Tavisebur
ritms qmnis. SegviZlia vifiqroT, rom es ritmi SesaniSnavad
168
asaxavs lirikuli gmiris dabneulobas – ixila ra moskovis
sidiade.
Tanabarmarcvliani metris miuxedavad, gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa meoTxe da mexuTe leqsebi: „daviT guramiSvili
wvimaSi“ da „wamRereba“ (4/4/4 // 4/2 4/2). Tumca unda aRiniS-
nos, rom leqsSi „SemRereba“ mxolod pirvel ortaepedSi
gvxvdeba am tipis metri. iseTi STabeWdileba gvrCeba, TiTqos
meoTxe leqsis erTgvari gagrZelebaa da Semdeg, mesame ta-
epidan, icvleba ritmi.
leqsSi „cxovreba wisqvilSi“, pirvel xuTtaepedSi
gvxvdeba metruli sqema
3/3/4 Ramdeba, RuRunebs wisqvili mwed,
3/3 trialbs borbali
3/4 SemoaqvT xorbali
3/3 ocneba yovelTvis mxne
3/4 edeba Wrilobas mtled.
sainteresoa sariTmo sqema ABBAA
momdevno katreni daqtiluri 12-marcvledia. mas mohyve-
ba ortaepedi, aseve daqtiluri 12-marcvlediT.
Semdeg isev 4-taepedi.
mexuTe strofi oqtavaa, sariTmo sqemiT AABBCDCD
2-taepedi AA
oqtava sqemiT AA BB CC DD
da kvlav katreni AAAA
leqsis bolo nawilSi gvxvdeba 6 da 12-marcvliani taepebis
monacvleoba, yovelgvari mkafio mowesrigebis gareSe. 6-ta-
epedebi xan SuaSi gvxvdeba, xan strofis dasawyisSi.
leqsSi warmodgenilia aRwera im garemosi, romelSic
lirikuli gmiri aRmoCnda, xolo es ritmi unda Seesabame-
bodes wisqvilis ritms.
leqsi „gamoTxoveba da omSi wasvla“ aseve heterosila-
buria, magram gvxvdeba sami tipis ritmi:
4/4 uecarad omSi mixmes
4/4/3 tyeSi viyav, sokos vkrefdi, vinane,
4/4/2 msxmoiare venaxi xar siyrmis,
169
 4/4/3 ver gipove, simZimili vinane.
8 strofi aseTi metriT aris dawerili.
pirveli taepebi rvave katrenSi gamokveTilia, xolo da-
narCen taepebSi pirveli mokle taepis gaRrmaveba, ganmtki-
ceba, erTgvari axsnaa mocemuli.
aseve, sayuradReboa leqsi „dabinaveba ukrainaSi“. 6/5-ta-
epedi metruli sqemiT 4/4/3.
oTx 11-marcvleds mihyveba 9-marcvliani taepi 4/4+1. eqv-
sive strofi mTavrdeba erTmarcvliani morfemiT – „me“. Tum-
ca klauzulebis masStabebi gansxvavebulia mexuTe taepebSi,
romlebSic erTmaneTs eriTmeba bolo marcvali – me/ne.
hiperdaqtiluri riTmaa: ar davrbodi me / ar davTmobdi me.
daqtiluri:margo me / gamgone.
isev hiperdaqtiluri riTma:amamRera me / damabera me.
ciklis 51 leqsis metris analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom poeti gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs Sina-
arsis Sesabamisobas ritmTan, romelic iqmneba metris meSve-
obiT da es bunebrivicaa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT „daviTians“,
teqsts, romelic metruli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva.
simon Ciqovanis ciklis leqsebs Tu ganvixilavT mTlian
teqstad, ritmis cvlileba Sinaarsis dinamikasTan erTad
saintereso efeqts qmnis. masStaburi analizi, romelic mo-
icavs riTmas da evfonias, kidev ufro ganamtkicebs mosaz-
rebas, rom poeti gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT arCevda
leqsis struqturis yvela mniSvnelovan elements, raTa
metruli mravalferovnebiT, „daviTianis“ TematikiT da gu-
ramiSvilisadmi Tavisi damokidebulebis SerwymiT sasur-
veli miznisTvis mieRwia – Seeqmna daviT guramiSvilis Ta-
namedrove odisea.
SesaZloa, daweris Jams poetis gacxadebuli mizani sab-Wo-
Ta kavSiris ideologiuri safuZveli iyo erTa Zmobis Sesaxeb,
magram simon Ciqovanis umTavresi mizani miRwe-ulia – cik-
li „simRera daviT guramiSvilze“ qarTuli poeziis umniS-
vnelovanes movlenas warmoadgens.

170
 Tamar lomiZe

sosiuris anagramaTa Teoria da enobrivi

eqsperimentebi futuristul poeziaSi

f. de sosiuris mier SemuSavebuli anagramaTa Teoriis

mixedviT, Zveli indoevropuli poeziis da, kerZod, adreuli
laTinuri, veduri, Zveli berZnuli, Zveli germanuli po-ezi-
is saerTo princips warmoadgens teqstis sagangebo struq-
turuli principi – kerZod, anagramuli principi. sityvebi
teqstebSi imgvarad SeirCeoda, rom sixSiris mixedviT
prevalirebda sakvanZo sityvis (RmerTis an gmiris saxelis)
fonemebi.
amasTan, sosiuri xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom anagramebSi
monawileobda ara marto sityvebis poziciurad gamoyofili
nawilebi, aramed – yvela marcvali. `...bgeraTa amgvari Sexa-
mebebi araa damokidebuli leqsze da mis ritmze da poeturi
forma yalibdeba leqsis ritmuli sqemis SexamebiT meore
principTan, romelic misgan damoukidebelia~, ese igi, bger-
weris Taviseburebebze ar zemoqmedebda arc terfebis war-
moqmna da arc ritmuli maxvilebi.
romauli literaturis kvlevisas sosiurma gamoavlina
leqsTa struqturis anagramuli principi vergiliusTan,
lukreciusTan da, agreTve, romaul prozaSi.
Zvelgermanuli aliteraciuli leqsi, romlis Tavise-
burebasac warmoadgenda aliteraciuli pirveli marcvlebi,
sosiuris azriT, warmoiSva anagramuli leqsidan, romelic,
amgvarad, ufro Zvelia, vidre aliteraciuli leqsi.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa sosiuris mosazrebebi ber-
Znul eposTan dakavSirebiT. mecnieris azriT, Tu hipoTeza
anagramuli leqsis arqaulobis Sesaxeb dadasturdeba, ma-
Sin es niSnavs eposis warmomavlobas lirikidan. sosiuris az-
riT, Tavdapirvelad iqmneboda patara lirikuli nawarmoe-
bebi, romlebic 4-8 striqonisgan Sedgeboda. es iyo an magiuri

171
formulebi, an locvebi, an samgloviaro leqsebi. anagramuli
principis gamoyenebis safuZveli unda yofiliyo religiuri
warmodgena, romlis Tanaxmad, RmerTisadmi mimarTva, loc-
va, himni ver miaRwevs Tavis mizans, Tu masSi CarTuli araa
RmerTis saxelis Semadgeneli marcvlebi. gamonakliss war-
moadgens lesbosuri lirikuli poezia, romelic, sosiuris
SeniSvniT, Zalze bgerweriTia, magram ar Seicavs anagramebs,
e.i. garkveuli saxelis Semadgeneli marcvlebis gameorebas
ar isaxavda miznad.
da, piriqiT, homerosiseuli poezia bgerweriTia swored
im gagebiT, rom eqvemdebareba anafoniur da anagramul prin-
cips – masSi drodadro meordeba garkveuli saxelis Semad-
geneli marcvlebi.
am anagramuli hipoTezis sasargeblod, ambobs sosiuri,
arsebobs uamravi argumenti.
vikiTxoT: gacnobierebuli hqondaT Zvel mwerlebs es
principi Tu gaucnobiereblad iyenebdnen mas?
sosiurma ver gasca pasuxi am kiTxvas. levi-strosis az-
riT, sosiuris dabneuloba gamoiwvia iman, rom Zvel mwerlebs
araferi uTqvamT anagramuli principis cnobieri gamoyene-
bis Sesaxeb.
Tu es gaucnobiereblad xdeboda, maSin, hipoTezis saxiT,
unda vivaraudoT, rom anagramuli principi SeiZleba war-
moadgendes, sazogadod, poeturi teqstebis universalur
struqturul princips da unda Segvxvdes yvela epoqis teq-
stebSi. im problemis gadasawyvetad, funqcionirebs Tu ara
Tanamedrove poeziaSi anagramuli principi, Cven CavatareT
eqsperimenti. vgulisxmobdiT, rom yovel poetur teqstSi
SeiZleba daiZebnos erTgvari birTvi – garkveuli bgeraTkom-
pleqsi, romelic recipientebis mier aRiqmeba rogorc
ama Tu im sagnis an movlenis saxeli, ese igi, garkveuli teq-
stis referentis saxeli.
am hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad SevarCieT galaktion tabiZis
25 leqsi, romlebic mieZRvna ama Tu im sagans an movlenas
(muxa, qari, Semodgoma, Tovli, vuali, anZebi, Hhaeri, sanTeli,
172
kvnesa, sibere, gadia, dedofala, avdrebi, xelebi, tye, dro,
balaxebi, Tvalebi, Woti, yanebi, zRapari, sizmrebi, qalwuli,
foTlebi, sinanuli). yoveli leqsidan amovkrifeT statis-
tikurad yvelaze xSiri sami Tanxmovani da sami xmovani. fo-
netikuri SemadgenlobiT isini ar emTxveodnen referentebis
uzualur saxelebs, romlebic, bunebrivia, ar figurirebd-
nen teqstebSi. maTgan SevadgineT sammarcvliani uazro
sityvebi, romlebic, amosavali hipoTezis mixedviT, unda
yofiliyo amave sagnebis anagramuli saxelebi. as ormocdaaT
recipients davurigeT baraTebi, romelTagan TiToeulze
dawerili iyo sami nawarmoebis saxelwodeba, maT gaswvriv
ki – amave nawarmoebebidan amokrefili anagramuli sityvebi
(bunebrivia, maTi rigi gansxvavebuli iyo).
as ormocdaaTidan oTxmocdaToTxmetma recipientma, ese
igi daaxloebiT orma mesamedma, sworad daukavSira uazro
saxelebi Sesabamisi nawarmoebebis saxelwodebebs.
amgvarad, SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom poeturi teqstebis
mocemul amonakrebSi funqcionirebs teqstis bgeriTi orga-
nizebis anagramuli principi, Tumca es anagramuli saxelebi
ar warmoadgenen enis leqsikuri maragis nawils.
rogoria amgvari sityvebis semantikuri struqtura?
aqvT Tu ara maT, sazogadod, raimenairi semantika?
rogorc Cans, maT aqvT erTgvari implicituri semantika,
sxva SemTxvevaSi recipientebi ver daukavSirebdnen am sity-
vebs garkveul referentebs. Tumca, saubari imaze, rom maT
aqvT semebis raimenairi erToblioba, ese igi, met-naklebad
rTuli semantikuri struqtura, an imaze, rom es sityvebi
Seesabamebian raime cnebas, ar SeiZleba. am sityvebis `mniSv-
nelobebis~ dadgena kidev ufro garTuldeba im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu maT ganvixilavT izolirebulad, anu garkveuli semanti-
kis mqone sityvebTan Sejerebis gareSe.
miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba Cveni eqsperimentis Sede-
gebis ignorireba – garkveuli, Tumca ki bundovani seman-
tika am sityvebs namdvilad aqvT da, Sesabamisad, anagramuli
principi mocemul lirikul teqstebSi funqcionirebs, ese
igi, am teqstebSi xorcieldeba nawarmoebTa saxelwodebebSi
173
miTiTebuli referentebis erTgvari saxeldeba, SesaZlebe-
lia iTqvas – meoradi saxeldeba.
dimitri uznaZis fsiqologiur koncefciaSi,romelic exe-
ba saxeldebis problemebs, aRniSnulia, rom Zveli adamianis
enobrivi aqtivobis ganmsazRvreli fsiqologiuri meqanizmi
ucvleladaa Semonaxuli Tanamedrove adamianis fsiqikaSi.
uznaZisa da misi mowafeebis gamokvlevebma daadastura, rom
aRmniSvneli da aRsaniSni kanonzomierad ukavSirdeba erTma-
neTs (aq, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba analizis fsiqologiuri
da ara lingvisturi done. amitom es Tvalsazrisi ar warmo-
adgens arguments enobrivi niSnis sosiurisuli defini-
ciis winaaRmdeg), ese igi, saxelis SerCeva garkveuli refe-
rentisTvis SemTxveviTi araa. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom Tanamedrove poetur teqstebSi mimofan-
tuli anagramuli saxelebi kanonzomierad (ganwyobismierad,
aracnobierad) ukavSirdeba mocemuli teqstebis referentebs.
amasTan, aris epoqebi (yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTi epoqa) ro-
desac anagramuli saxeli ar monawileobs teqstSi implici-
turad, aramed uSualodaa reprezentirebuli recipientisTvis.
kerZod, aseTia futuristuli poeziis literaturuli
teqstebi. maTSi semantikuri TvalsazrisiT gamWvirvale
leqsikur erTeulebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba gansazRvrul
referentebs, enacvleba zaumuri* sityvebi, romelTac gaur-
kveveli, bundovani semantika aqvT.
xlebnikovi fiqrobda, rom `SesaZlebelia zaumuri enis
gadaqceva gonismier enad. Tu aviRebT erT sityvas, magali-
Tad, чашка, maSin ar gvecodineba, ra mniSvneloba aqvs mTeli
sityvisTvis yovel calkeul bgeras. magram Tu movagrovebT
bgera `C~-Ti dawyebul sityvebs (чашка, череп, чан, чулок), maSin
yvela danarCeni bgera erTmaneTs gaanadgurebs da is zogadi
mniSvneloba, romelic eqneba am sityvebs, iqneba `C~-s mniSv-
neloba. amgvarad, zaumuri ena zaumuri aRar iqneba. is iqceva
TamaSad Cven mier gacnobierebuli anbaniT...

* sityva `zaumi~ Sedgenilia rusuli prefiqsidan `za~ (ukan) da sityvisgan

`um~ goni, goneba.
174
 zaumuri ena emyareba or wanamZRvars:
1. martivi sityvis pirveli Tanxmovani ganagebs mTel
sityvas....
2. erTi da imave TanxmovniT dawyebuli sityvebi erTi-
andebian erTi da imave cnebiT da TiTqos sxvadasxva mxridan
miiswrafvian gonebis erTi da imave wertilisken.~
leqsis bgeriTi organizebis es xerxi, ra Tqma unda,
anagramuli araa am sityvis zusti mniSvnelobiT, yovel Sem-
TxvevaSi, sosiuriseuli gagebiT. sosiuri mas iseve daaxa-
siaTebda, rogorc daaxasiaTa lesbosuri poezia – rogorc
Zalze bgerweriTi, magram ara anagramuli, radgan is miznad
ar isaxavda ama Tu im saxelis (romeoic TviTon ar unda
figurirebdes tqstSi) Semadgeneli marcvlebis gameorebas
teqstSi.
meore cnobili rusi futuristi, aleqsei kruConixi, za-
umur enad miiCnevda sityvaTa nawyvetebs, daboloebebs,
grafikulsa da fonetikur Sexamebebs. misi azriT, werisas
saWiroa daCexili sityvebis, naxevarsityvebis gamoyeneba da
maTi uCveulo kombinaciebis Seqmna.
rogorc Cans, futuristuli teqstebis es Tavisebureba
ganpirobebulia imiT, rom isini miekuTvneba egreT wodebul
`cxel kulturas~ (levi-strosis termini), romelic xasiaT-
deba axali enebis Seqmnis tendenciiT. `cxeli kulturebi~
gamoirCeva gamudmebuli swrafviT gamomgoneblobisken, rac
SeiZleba meti energiisa da informaciis warmoqmnisa da
moxmarebisken, gansxvavebiT `civi kulturebisgan~, romle-
bic kmayofildebian arsebobis martivi da mwiri pirobebis
reproduqciiT.
amgvarad, futuristuli enobrivi eqsperimentebi SeiZ-
leba davaxasiaToT, rogorc miswrafeba ara marto konven-
ciuri enobrivi elementebis deformaciisken, aramed – im
arsebiTi bgerweriTi kanonzomierebis destruqciiskenac,
romelic aRmoaCina ferdinand de sosiurma.

175
irine maniJaSvili

ferweruli saxeebi simon Ciqovanis lirikaSi

poeturi xelovneba dakavSirebulia xelovnebis sxvadasxva

dargebTan. xelovnebis TiToeuli dargi Taviseburad gamo-
xatavs arsebulisadmi damokidebulebas, gamomsaxvelobiTi
formebic sxvadasxvagvari gaaCniaT. yvelasTvis saerTo ki
esTetikuri kategoriebia, romelTa Soris mTavaria mxatvru-
li saxe. xelovnebis umTavresi niSanic saxeebiT azrovneba,
saxismetyvelebaa. arsebobs adekvaturi saxeebi ferwerasa
da poeziaSi da arsebobs EesTetikuri kavSirebi, romlebic
mTel mimdinareobebs qmnian xelovnebaSi.E Zvel berZnebs poe-
zia `ametyvelebul mxatvrobad~ warmoudgebodaT. msgavseba
da paralelebi mxatvrobasa da poezias Soris araerTi moaz-
rovnis gansjis sagani gamxdara gasul saukuneebSi (lesingma
specialuri Sromac miuZRvna am problemas). leonardo da
vinCi Tavis `traqtatSi ferweris Sesaxeb~ xelovnebis umaR-
les dargad ferweras miiCnevs, radgan igi yvelaze ufro
zustad da srulyofilad asaxavs bunebas. misi azriT, poezia
moklebulia am Rirsebas. erTaderTi upiratesoba, rac poe-
zias gaaCnia, es aris adamianis grZnobebis ufro Zlierad gad-
mocema, rasac igi sityvaTa harmoniis meSveobiT aRwevs. yvela
es gansxvaveba imiTaa gamowveuli, rom poezia da mxatvroba,
Tumca orive mxatvrobaa, an orive poeziaa, magram sxvadas-
xva grZnobebze dafuZnebuli – mxatvroba poeziaa, romelsac
vxedavT, magram ver vismenT; poezia mxatvrobaa, romelsac
vismenT, magram ver vxedavT. maSasadame, mxatvroba munji po-
eziaa; poezia brma mxatvrobaa (leonardo da vinCi 2001:23).
qarTul mwerlobaSi simon Ciqovani swored ferebiT mo-
azrovne poetia. is klasikuri da Tanamedrove mxatvrobis
erT-erTi saukeTeso mcodnea. Tavisi Sexedulebebi, Sefase-
bebi kargad Cans mis CanawerebSi (lado gudiaSvilze, firos-
manze, frang mxatvrebze). frangi impresionistebis gavlena
igrZnoba poetis ferwerul saxeebSic. Tumca, originaluri
176
mxatvruli manera ganasxvavebs yvelasgan. misma poeziam
mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa me-20 saukunis qarTuli leqsis
ritmikis, intonaciuri Taviseburebis ganaxlebaSi. magram,
poeturi ostatobis TvalsazrisiT, s. Ciqovanis Semoqmede-
baSi gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovania mxat-
vruli warmosaxvis formebi. cnobilia, misi damokidebuleba
mxatvrobasTan. rodesac vsaubrobT frangi impresioniste-
bis gavlenaze, vgulisxmobT im mxatvrul saxeebs, rac saer-
Toa maTi SemoqmedebisTvis. simon CiqovanisTvisac sayvareli
faqturebia: wvima, mzeze aRmarTuli Tivis zvinebi, varsk-
vlavebi da sxv. isini gansxvavebul konteqstSia warmodgeni-
li. leqsi `wvimaSi~ amindis Sesabamis sevdian da nostalgiur
ganwyobas qmnis:

Cven gaviareT MmTawmindidan oqroyanisken,

dasavleTidan wamovidnen Rrublis zangebi,
wvima daeSva da wveTebiT guli avivse
da agalobdnen mTidan mTebi wvimis hangebiT.
(Ciqovani 2007: 9)

leqsis ritmika da mxatvruli saxeebi (Rrublis zange-

bi, wvimis hangebiT amRerebuli mTebi) mkiTxvels amzadebs
avdrisTvis. TiTqos xilulia, rogor `swuravs Rrubeli
naRvels~ da rogor grovdeba nel-nela poetis wuxili:

Cemi wuxili netav wvimas mTis gaRma gahyves,

daxvdeba vinme, wvimis sevdas mowyurebuli!
(Ciqovani 2007:10)

wvimis aseTi romantikuli, Rrmad gaazrebuli poeturi

xilvebi iSviaTia qarTul lirikaSi. `wvimis mestvire aam-
Rerebs wvimis larebs~... poetisTvis iseTi organuli da
xelSesaxebia wvimis gancda, rom cocxal arsebad aRiqmeba:

wvimis Tmebidan gavigonebT nestian tirils

da Tbili tani veRar itans daSvebul wvimas.
(Ciqovani 2007:10)
177
 wvima sevdasTan erTad amave dros amZafrebs grZnobas av-
toris sulSi da ltolvas aZlierebs sayvareli qalis mimarT:

momiaxlovdi, wvima Srialebs, xeli momxvie.

mec soveli var, siWabuke wvimas SevwiroT...
(Ciqovani 2007:11)

wvimis vnebaTaRelvas da eqspresiul gancdebs agvir-

gvinebs ganumeorebeli ferweruli suraTi:

dRem dacxrilulma Sens fexebTan suli dalia

da svel kalTidan gamokrToda TeTri muxlebi...

ankesebTan Sedarebuli wvimis wveTebi bolo funjis mos-

maa tilos dasrulebisTvis:

wvimis wveTebi irxevian ankesebiviT,

da gvSordebian mTidan mTebi akvnesebuli.
(Ciqovani 2007:11)

wvimas kidev davubrundebiT qvemoT (i.maniJaSvili).

avtors weliwadis yvela dro Tavisi individualisturi
maneriT aqvs daxatuli.

Tovli gadna da xeebma martSi

Tvalebis msgavsad ylortebi gaxsnes.
(Ciqovani 2007:15)

gazafxulze Sindis yvaviloba Sedarebulia Sandals, ro-

melic Suqs afrqvevs irgvliv:

rogorc Sandali, dadga ezoSi

Sindi da Suqi avarda Sindis.
(Ciqovani 2007:15)

aq `S~ bgeris aliteracia qmnis leqsis evfoniurobas da

amave dros, Sindis moTeTro-movardisfro SuqiT gazafxu-
lis ganwyoba iqmneba.

178
 rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mzesumzirebi, Tiva, wvima, var-
skvlavebi poetis ferwerul saxeebSi gamorCeuli STagonebis
wyaroa. Tivis surneli da sinotive xelSesaxebad igrZno-
ba araerT leqsSi. `svanur iavnanaSi~, romelic Semkulia
araerTi mxatvruli RirsebiT (aSkaraa, svanuri intonaciebi,
folkloris gavlena, sayuradReboa Tavisi ritmikiT, evfon-
iurobiT, mxatvruli saxeebiT), deda ase mimarTavs Svils:

TivaSi da nislSi Sexveulo Svilo.

(Ciqovani 2007:13)

am erTi fraziT avtori mkiTxvelis Tvalwin acocxlebs

svaneTis mTebis madlsa da idumalebas.
qarTuli suliT, erovnuli suliskveTebiT aris gamTbari
mTeli misi lirika. leqsSi `Cemo mamulo~ mamuls mimarTavs
poeti:

Sen uwyi Cemi saidumlo, fiqri marTali,

qarTul TivaSi SefuTnili, TiviT gamTbari.
(Ciqovani 2007:17)

aqve Semoaqvs erTi ucnauri feri, romelic gariTmulia

eJvanTan:

Seni mimino mxars mimSvenebs, feri veJanis,

Cems ocnebaSi wkrialebda misi eJvani.
(Ciqovani 2007: 18)

simon Ciqovani xom ferebis aRmoCenis didostatia:

an moagroveT uxsovar droSi

CvenSi daRvrili bunebis feri.
(Ciqovani 2007: 19)

poeti sulisSemZvreli tkiviliT gamoexmaura 9 martis

tragedias, amave saxelwodebis leqsSi. Tbilisis mxatvruli
saxe mewamuli ferebiT aris gadawyvetili:
179
 mewamul feriT mtkvari xeldeba,
mlaSe cremlebma qvebi daRara,
nuTu Tbilisi ukve berdeba
da mTebs edeba nisli WaRara.
(Ciqovani 2007: 22)

`saqarTvelos daCexil sxeuls~ eamboreba poeti da iqve

aRniSnavs: `mtkvarTan aprili ar mova wreuls~... am fraziT
migvaniSnebs, rom ar iqneba feradi ganwyoba, ferTa siuxve.
s. Ciqovanis lirikaze Rrma kvali datova meore msoflio
omma. 40-ian wlebSi Seqmnili leqsebi pesimisturi intonaci-
iT, Rrma dramatizmiT aris savse. leqsSi `mzesumzirebi~ asa-
xulia imdroindeli ganwyoba, Warbobs mwuxare ferebi. kon-
trastuli xerxiT miRweulia saocari efeqti. mzesumzirebi,
zogadad, sinaTlis, mzis, sixarulis simboloa. aq ki sapiris-
piro konteqstSia naCvenebi. es mxatvruli xerxi eqspresi-
ulobas matebs suraTs:

moumkel yanas aWrelebs Wvavi,

rogor mompala Calis Zirebi.
ra gulsaklavad yrantalebs yvavi,
mzes ar umzeren mzesumzirebi.
(Ciqovani 2007: 28)

`sikvdilis pirad miRweuli~ mzesumzirebis ferwerul

saxes qmnis poeti. mkiTxveli naTlad xedavs da grZnobs `wel-
Si moxrili mzesumzirebis~ sevdas:

ra feri dahkravT, tyviis Tu Zuis?

tanks daujeknavs grZeli Crdilebi.
Sin darCenili nagazi ymuis
da kankaleben mzesumzirebi.
(Ciqovani 2007: 28)

miuxedavad aseTi dramatizmisa, pesimisturi ganwyobisa,

mainc optimalur notaze amTavrebs leqss avtori. mas sjera
sicocxlis gamarjvebis, gmirebis dabrunebis:
180
 da atyorcnili TemSaris pirad
mzes umRereben mzesumzirebi.
(Ciqovani 2007: 28)

zesumzirebs kidev araerT leqsSi SevxvdebiT:

mzevinarma mzes umzira,

viT gzis pirad mzesumziram.
(Ciqovani 2007: 70)

leqsSi `z~ bgeris aliteracia qmnis musikalurobas, mze-

sumzirebi ki riTmasac uxdeba da xalisian ganwyobasac.
omis Temazea aseve Seqmnili leqsi `mtris Tavdasxmis
dros Tqmuli~, sadac Tavs iyris Zalian mdidari ferweruli
saxeebi. `muxis taZari~ simbolurad samSoblos saxea, ris
gadasarCenadac loculobs poeti. mkiTxvelis Tvalwin iS-
leba xeobis, mdinaris xatovani suraTebi:

suli xeobis nisliT avivse,

mTis mdinareze gauvali, sqeli bindia...

iqve: mgoni, ecema safarze zafra,

aforiaqda xeoba da TiTqo gagiJda.
(Ciqovani 2007: 30)

buneba absolutur SesabamisobaSia mimdinare procesebT-

an. omis damTrgunvel ganwyobas dramatizms matebs amgvari
foni.
simon Ciqovanis lirikaSi varskvlavebi, gansakuTrebuli
saxe-simboloa, rac zemoTac aRvniSneT da winamdebare leq-
sSic dasturdeba:

sami uReli myavda varskvlavi,

viyav mzrunveli da ezoSi davrgi urTxmeli.
rogorc mebaRes mepyra sasxlavi,
sikvdil-sicocxlis ganCineba damrCa uTqmeli.
(Ciqovani 2007: 30)

181
 1944 welsaa dawerili `jamis namsxvrevebi~. aqac domini-
rebs dramatuli ganwyoba da Sesabamisi ferweruli saxeebi:
`nisliT savse gulis qisa~, unugeSo mdgomareoba, mwuxris
sevda da naRveli, magram gadarCenis imedsa da rwmenas ara-
sodes kargavs poeti. ukideganoa misi warmosaxva:

egeb SemfuTon Rrublis devebma,

varskvlavTa faras movuZebno egeb sadgomi,
namsxvrevi namsxvrevs daedevneba
da naperwklebiT aSendeba irmis naxtomi.
(Ciqovani 2007:32)

mkiTxvelis Tvalwin ixateba Tanavarskvlavedi `irmis

naxtomi~. jvaredini riTmebiT(devebma-daedevneba, sadgomi-
naxtomi), leqsis fonikiT miRweulia saocari musika. `vars-
kvlavTa fara~ TvalismomWrel brwyinvalebas da sikaSkaSes
matebs suraTs.
varskvlavebiT anTebuli araerTi mxatvruli saxe Seqmna
s. Ciqovanma, magram erT-erTi gamorCeuli leqsia `broweuli
pitiaxSis samareze~.

broweulma samaris qva gaarRvia,

samajurSi fesvi gahyo xelis darad.
(Ciqovani 2007:40)

sicocxlisa da sikvdilis, mSvenierebisa da ferflad

qceuli qalis samaris aseTi saxiT dakavSireba erTmaneT-
Tan simbolurad warsulisa da awmyos uwyvet kavSirze
miuTiTebs. mkveTri kontrasti da amave dros mWidro kavSiri
broweulis yvavilisa da mSvenieri serafitis ferflisa, met
eqspresiulobas aniWebs mxatvrul saxeebs da mkiTxvelSi emo-
ciurobis piks aRwevs. broweulis fesvebma ferflSi ipova qa-
lis danisluli eSxi da es silamaze gamofina Tavis rtoebSi.
broweulis nayofi Sedarebulia qisas, romelic savsea var-
skvlavebiT:

182
 qisis msgavsi cxare xili gamokveTa,
amowuwna miwa mxedris namklavebi.
mogonebiT Tbili fesvi gamokveba
da nayofSi Caalaga varskvlavebi.
(Ciqovani 2007:40)

broweulisa da pitiaxSis samaris dakavSireba erTmaneT-

Tan simbolurad sikvdil-sicocxlis uwyveti jaWvia da es
ferweruli saxec Semkulia varskvlavebiT. simon Ciqovans
Tavis dRiurebSi aqvs Canaweri `broweulis yvavili~, sadac
xazgasmulia misi saTuTi damokidebuleba broweulis Cu-
qurTmasaviT gamokveTil wiTel yvavilTan, bavSvobidan
rom hqonda xsovnaSi CarCenili. Semdeg unaxavs pitiaxSebis
samarxze amosuli ayvavebuli broweulis xe. am saswauls
geronti qiqoZem werili uZRvna, simon Ciqovanma ki leqsSi
aamRera broweulis wiTeli yvavili, romelic TiTqos aer-
Tebda adrindelsa da dRevandel saqarTvelos (Ciqovani
2012: 46).
poeti varskvlavebs iyenebs mravalferovan konteqstSi
da sakmaod uxvad. mwuxrSi Sesuli soflis suraTs amSvenebs
`buZga-buZga~ varskvlavebi: `buZga-buZga varskvlavebi cviva
balaxebze...~v(Ciqovani 2007: 67). aqve qalis Tvali Sedarebu-
lia varskvlavs: `qalis Tvalic ejibreba mocimcime varsk-
vlavs~ (iqve), an kidev: `Sens Tvalebs mowyda es varskvlavebi~
(Ciqovani 2007:101).
simon Ciqovani bevrs mogzaurobda saqarTvelos sxvada-
sxva kuTxeSi da TiTqmis yvela kuTxeze Seqmnili aqvs leq-
sTa ciklebi. `samegrelos saRamoebSi~ zRvaze mzis Casvlis
iSviaTi ferweruli saxea mocemuli:

zRvaze mze dadga, rogorc iremi,

alanda rqebi molurjo brolSi,
alvebi, rogorc turfa cirebi,
daiss elian samegreloSi.

183
 Seirxevian metyvelSrialiT,
Camavali mze arigebs ferebs,
da zRvaze gavliT sxivi wyliani
TiTo xes TiTo vards miakerebs.
(Ciqovani 2007:57)

daisis aseTi STambeWdavi, aseTi gulwrfelobiT da orga-

nulad gancdili suraTi mxolod ferebiT moazrovne poets
SeiZleboda Seeqmna. mkiTxvelma fantazia unda gaamaxvilos
da warmoidginos, rogori ferebiT iqneba Semkuli zRva-
gamovlili, wyliani sxivebi, ferad vardebad rom aisaxebian
aSxvarTul alvebze. anda, mzis Sedareba qorbuda iremTan,
molurjo zRvis brolSi rom alandavs sxivebs rqebiviT...
mkiTxvels xiblavs da aRelvebs ara TavisTavad brwinvaled
gaazrebuli ferweruli suraTi, aramed swored is Sinagani
gancda, romelic am saxis saSualebiT aris gadmocemuli.
leqss ar gaaCnia araviTari poeturi Rirebuleba, Tu mokle-
bulia amgvar Sinagan gancdas.
zRva da mze yvela Semoqmedis STagonebis wyaroa. s. Ci-
qovani leqsSi `Tvinieri zRva~ originalur mxatvrul saxes
qmnis:
zRva nawvimarze adre mwuxrdeba,
mebadurebma daZres sandlebi.
mTvaris amosvla afrebs uxdeba,
TiTqo anTia zRvaze sanTlebi.

diliT ki ucxo zmaneba ipyrobs poets:

da zRva TaTiviT talRas momadebs,

Tvinier spilos daemgvaneba.
(Ciqovani 2007:72)

Seudarebelia zRvis piras mdgari evkaliptebis mxatvru-

li gaazreba:

rogorc Semdgari mTaze irmebi,

zRvas gahyureben evkaliptebi.

184
 TeTri da TeTri, TeTri merqnebi,
TeTri qerqi da mwvane kvirtebi.
TiTqo CaucvamT TeTri Ceqmebi,
da tbors aSroben evkaliptebi.
(Ciqovani 2007:73)

TeTri da mwvane ferebis kombinaciiT iqmneba STambeW-

davi suraTi, rasac kidev ufro aZlierebs `Ceqmebiani evka-
liptebis~ metafora.
ar asvenebda mis poetur xilvebs zRva da mze. aWaraSi
yofnis dros daweril leqsSi `maxinjauri da mwvane koncxi~
saocrad wynari, mSvidi zRvis peizaJia mocemuli:

SeyviTleba da siwiTlis ridi,

ferdakarguli cacxvi da dafna.
yvelgan baasi wynari da mSvidi
da zRvaze marto qaTqaTa afra.
(Ciqovani 2007:120)

ucnauria, rom aseTi simSvide poetis sulSi protests

iwvevs da sapirispiro ganwyobas badebs:

msurs davaRwio siwynares Tavi,

Relva avtexo niCbebis cemiT,
zRvaurSi martod Sevagdo navi
da vatortmano sicocxle Cemi.
(Ciqovani 2007:120)

es leqsi 1965 welsaa dawerili, sicocxlis miwuruls da

es amboxic logikuria iseTi bunebis adamianisTvis, rogoric
simon Ciqovani iyo. adreul wlebSi erT leqsSi werda: `min-
da miwaze cxovreba Cemi hgavdes qariSxals da ara foTols~
(Ciqovani 2007:43). mwerlis saocari SemarTeba igrZnoba am
striqonebSi.
`mTebis galobac~ aWaris ciklidan aris. mTis, zRvisa da
mzis erToba (harmonia) TavisTavadi mxatvruli maneriT aris
gadmocemuli:
185
 wiTel-yviTeli nazi borcvebi,
mze Camavali gvirgvins edreba,
mTebi awvdilan, rogorc locvebi,
da zRva garTxmula, rogorc vedreba.
(Ciqovani 2007:121)

`mTebSi gadaRvrili maWaris~ tropuli saxe sxvadasxva

asociaciebs iwvevs mkiTxvelSi da mZafrad ganacdevinebs
aWaris mTebis SuSxuna da maTrobela bunebas:

vin gadaRvara mTebSi maWari,

laJvardi vrceli da usaSvelo.
da meCveneba: mTebi aWaris
mSvidad galoben sarfis garSemo.
(Ciqovani 2007:121)

efeqts aZlierebs erTgvari kontrasti: Tan maWari maT-

robela, vnebiani, da amave dros, mSvidi galoba.
simon Ciqovans gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba hqonda
firosmanTan. Tavis CanawerebSi is zust Sefasebebs aZlevda
da swor aqcentebs svamda mis Semoqmedebaze: `firosmani yo-
fiTi fotografiuli mxatvaria. igi rasac xedavs, imas pirda-
pir iRebs, magram is SerCeuli masaliT, an masalis SerCeviT
qmnis sakuTar samyaros. sagnis dramatizeba ki ar awyobs, ara-
med sagnis SerCeviT qmnis dramatizms~ (Ciqovani 2012:28).
s. Ciqovanis leqsi `firosmanis Rameebi~ mxatvruli az-
rovnebis Sedevria. nikalas portreti, misi bohemuri cxovre-
ba mTeli srulyofilebiT gaielvebs mkiTxvelis Tvalwin:

...da gixile, Rames xevdi funjiT,

vardebs Tesdi margaritas saxlSi,
mTiT mixveul da mogrexil quCiT
Sin migqonda muSamba da xaSi.
(Ciqovani 2007:84)

kibis qveS bneli sardafi itevda firosmanis ukidegano

samyaros:
186
 awriale kafandara tani,
bnel sardafSi Caiwvie mTebi...
...................
Sen Tbilisis fskerze CaiRupe
da tiloze STagoneba dagrCa.
(Ciqovani 2007:85)

s. Ciqovanis lirikaSi zogjer ar gvxvdeba konkretuli

ferebi, magram Zalian xelSesaxebi, xiluli ferweruli sa-
xeebi ixateba. aseTia `irmebi kaloze~:

Sens ezoSi kalo irmebs valewvie,

rqebs mivakar yvavilebi Wreli.
kevrs Sevaxti, Camaval mzes davewie,
barCxala mzes TiTqo vtace xeli.
mze irmebze davkide da davsrialeb,
xoxbisferi patarZali mSvelis.
(Ciqovani 2007:110)

xoxbisferisa da Wreli yvavilebis garda ferebi sxvagan

ar Cans, magram Zalian dinamikuri, siuJetiani mxatvruli saxe
iqmneba kaSkaSa, mkveTri ferebiT.
kaxeTSi mogzaurobisas dauviwyari ferweruli saxeebi Seq-
mna poetma. `mudam Warmagi da mrwemi~ gremis naxvisas uneblied
gvaxsendeba misi ukvdavi sityvebi:

rogorc zRvis talRas miapobs gemi,

ise micuravs laJvardSi gremi.
(Ciqovani 2007:116)

leqsi-Canaxati `gomborze gadasvla~ yvelaze naTlad me-

tyvelebs avtoris ferwerul niWsa da gemovnebaze. Rvino-
bisTveSi gomboris tyeSi moxvedrili poeti Tavbrudamxvev
ferTa galereaSi exveva. `mogizgize tye~ misTvis aTas fanta-
zias aRviZebs da mxatvruli warmosaxvis zenits aRwevs.
Wadrebs exvia Wreli CiTebi,
ifnebs – Suqi da WaRi rogori!
187
 foTlebSi TrToda uflis TiTebi
da CiraRdnebSi Canda gombori.
(Ciqovani 2007:118)

guram asaTiani marTebulad SeniSnavda: `simon Ciqovanis

Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba mdgomareobs ara Wvre-
tiT, aRwerilobiT mxatvrobaSi, aramed poeturi warmosax-
vis uaRresad mZafr, dinamikur maneraSi, rac mis mier Seqm-
nil poetur saxeebs, an Tundac ubralo Canaxatebs, umravles
SemTxvevaSi Rrmad eqspresiul xasiaTs aniWebs...~ (asaTiani
1988:412). winamdebare leqsSic mxatvrobas TviTmiznuri xa-
siaTi ki ara aqvs, aramed is emsaxureba gancdis, ganwyobis
xelSesaxebad gadmocemas:

mTaSi wiwibos yrida wifeli,

tyes ar SeeZlo WaRebSi Tvlema,
da momeCvena yviTel-wiTeli
tyeSi SeWrili cxenebis rema.
(Ciqovani 2007:118)

aseTia foTolcvenis simyudroveSi Cafluli gomboris

lirikuli gancda, xolo niavis odnav Serxevaze Seqanebul
wiTel-yviTeli xeebis talRebs poeti tyeSi SemoWril cxe-
nebis remas adarebs.
`s. Ciqovanis poeturi xilvebi klasikuri lirikis nimuS-
Tagan gansxvavebiT, Cveulebriv moklebulni arian ferTa
mkacr sisadaves da harmoniulobas. mis mier warmosaxul su-
raTebSi gangeb SerCeuli mkveTri saRebavebi TiTqos kivian,
erTmaneTs ebrZvian, awydebian da uCveulod mZafr, sagangaSo
ganwyobilebas aRZraven mkiTxvelis sulSi~ (asaTiani 1988: 426).
gomboris tyis simyudroveSi kivian mkveTri, kaSkaSa fe-
rebi, rac poetSi iwvevs xmauriani siCumis ganwyobas:

tye gahkioda xmagakmendili

da CiraRdnebSi Canda gombori.
(Ciqovani 2007:118)

188
 amouwuravi ferweruli saxeebia gabneuli poetis liri-
kaSi. rac ufro Rrmad vecnobiT mis poetur samyaros,
vrwmundebiT , rom simon Ciqovanma axali siRrme da tevadoba
aRmouCina qarTul sityvas, ukiduresi azrobrivi datvir-
Tva misca ferwerul saxeebs poeziaSi. misi yoveli sityva,
gancda gulidan iRebs saTaves. `guli gamovwvi qarTul To-
neSio~, – ambobs erTgan poeti (Ciqovani 2007:78). marTlac
TiToeuli misi fraza, ferweruli saxe qarTuli wiaRidan
modis, erovnuli sunTqviT aris gamTbari.
simon Ciqovanis poeturi asociaciebi piradi cxovre-
bidan iRebs saTaves da mis lirikul samyaroSia gardasaxu-
li. po-eti, romelic saocari simZafriT aRiqvamda samyaros
ferebs da qmnida ganumeorebel ferwerul saxeebs, sicocx-
lis bolo wlebSi kargavs Tvalis sinaTles, magram misi
Sinagani xedva TiTqos Zlierdeba da `mwuxris simRera~
mis Semoqmedebas sxvagvar elfers da sxivs matebs. pirad
dRiurSi arsebuli Canaweric xom swored amaze metyvelebs:
`mwifobisTveSi mzis Casvla da ferebis dafioni, iseTive
momxiblavia, rogorc aprilSi mzis amosvla da atmis yva-
vilebis gizgizi. xandaxan simReris wamowyeba mwuxris Jams
ufro bunebrivia, vidre sicocxlis ganTiadze...~ (Ciqovani
2012: 9).

damowmebani:

asaTiani 1988: asaTiani g. saukunis poetebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

`merani~, 1988.
leonardo da vinCi 2001: literaturis Teoriis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi:
Tsu gamomcemloba, 2001.
margvelaSvili 1975: margvelaSvili g. `simon Ciqovani~. Txzulebani
oTx tomad. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani~, 1975.
nikoleiSvili 1979: nikoleiSvili a. simon Ciqovanis lirika. Tbilisi:
Tsu gamomcemloba, 1979.
Ciqovani 2007: Ciqovani s. 100 leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleq-
ti~, 2007.
Ciqovani 2012: Ciqovani s. Canawerebi. TbilisiL: gamomcemloba `inteleq-
ti~, 2012.

189
murad mTvareliZe

simon Ciqovani poeziis arsisa da SemoqmedebiTi

procesis Sesaxeb

1965 wlis 4 noembers `literaturnaia gazetas“ furc-

lebze gamoqveynebul interviuSi poeti-akademikosi simon
Ciqovani gazeTis korespondent k. serebriakovTan, ZiriTa-
dad, poeziis arsis Sesaxeb saubrobs.
kiTxvaze, Tu ra aris misTvis poezia, poeti pasuxobs: `Cem-
Tvis poezia gaxlavT intensiur STabeWdilebaTa dagroveba,
gadatanilisa da nafiqralis Sededeba, dagubebuli azrebi-
sa da grZnobebisagan gantvirTva... STagonebiT sinamdvilis
damorCileba, axali poeturi sinamdvilis Seqmna“ (`lite-
raturuli~ ... 2015: 12)
poeziis arsis am gaazrebidan ufro mniSvnelovnad mig-
vaCnia bolo nawili. vfiqrobT pirveli sami maxasiaTebeli
(`STabeWdilebaTa dagroveba“, `gadatanilisa da nafiqralis
dagroveba“, `dagubebuli azrebisa da grZnobebisagan gan-
tvirTva“) tipuria da mxatvruli nawarmoebis Sesaqmnelad
samive komponenti aucilebelia.
yuradReba gvsurs gavamaxviloT konceptze `STagone-
biT sinamdvilis damorCileba“ da `axali poeturi sinam-
dvilis Seqmna“. Cemi azriT, es iseTi maxasiaTebelia, rome-
lic erTgvarad gansazRvravs kidec didi poetis mxatvrul
SesaZleblobebs.
aqedanve unda vTqvaT, rom simon Ciqovanma am amocanas
Tavi SesaniSnavad gaarTva, man marTlac SeZlo Seeqmna axali
poeturi realoba.
xsenebuli interviu poetis sicocxlis mimwuxrSia Semd-
gari da masSi naTlad ikiTxeba misi rogorc Semoqmedis az-
robrivi da esTetikuri horizontebi. Tumca, unda iTqvas,
rom es principi s. Ciqovanis Semoqmedebis yvela etapisaTvis
wamyvani da ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli magistralia.

190
 leqsSi `iWvi“ poeti pirdapir miuTiTebs im aucilebeli
Tvisebis Sesaxeb, rac didi poetis Semoqmedebis masazrdo-
ebel wyaros unda warmoadgendes:

didi poetis Tviseba ari –

grZnobas sifrTxiliT gauRos kari,
Tu gaJRenTili ar aris qnari,
ar SeaSfoTos mTvlemare lari.
ar daayovnos daSveba Ruzis,
nawvimar sulSi dawritos Rvari,

da mimoqcevas mRelvare muzis

gza uCvenos da daudos zRvari.
(Ciqovani 1963: 148)

es leqsi imiTacaa sayuradRebo, rom masSi mocemulia

leqsis qmnadobis erTgvari `recepti“, Tu rodis unda da-
weros poetma leqsi. es ar SeiZleba ganxorcieldes manam,
vidre poetis nagrZnobi, emociebis zRva ar daiwmindeba da
saboloo saxes ar miiRebs, anu vidre is STagonebiT ar da-
imorCilebs sinamdviles

sanamdi grZnoba miiRebs saxes,

daemgvaneba hangsa da suraTs,
manam ar gaxsnas mTrTolvare bage
da ar dascalos cxoveli sura.
(Ciqovani1963: 148)

es procesi ki Zalian hgavs msrolelis mier gansazRvruli

sagnisadmi niSanSi moxvedras.
s. Ciqovanis TvalsazrisiT, poetis sityvasac es misia
akisria, man unda SeZlos da `moaxvedros niSanSi striqons“.
mxolod ase Seiqmneba iseTi mxatvruli teqsti, romelsac
mkiTxvelze zegavlenis moxdena SeeZleba.
poeziis arsis Ziebas simon Ciqovanis araerT leqsSi Sev-
xvdebiT. am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa `leqsis dawyeba“,
191
sadac poeti iZleva poeturi nawarmoebis amgvar axsnas: `leq-
si hgavs nebze akvamlul sakmels da siberesTan sicocxlis ka-
maTs“.
xelisgulze akvamluli sakmeveli da siberesTan mudmivi
paeqroba is mxatvruli saxea, romliTac kidev ufro STambe-
Wdavi xdeba poeturi nawarmoebis ZiriTadi arsi.
leqsSi `meore minaweri“ poeti wuxils gamoTqvams imis
gamo, rom`galoba da suraTi“ (STagoneba da sinamdvile) erT-
maneTs ver SeuTanxma. imave leqsis dasasruls ki poetma sain-
tereso poetur saxeSi warmoaCina leqsis arsi da Tavisebureba:

roca xmis kilos da gulis kokors

yuriT da TvaliT gasinjavs toli,
maSin SegrCeba galoba rogorc
irmis naxtomiT Seqmnili zoli.
(Ciqovani 1963: 148)

WeSmariti nawarmoebi avtorma gulis cecxlSi unda ga-

moataros. is wvis nayofia. poetis sulier samyaroSi agizgi-
zebuli vnebaTaRelva erTgvari naperwkalia, romlidanac
cecxli unda gaCaRdes. ase moiazrebs simon Ciqovani leqsis
qmnadobas. am procesis srulyofisaTvis ki mas Ramis simSvi-
de miaCnia.
amitom guli avanTe RamiT,
ciskris vardebi furcelze awvims,
guli buCqia bibliur Jamis,
avanTe igi da veRar davwvi.
( Ciqovani 1963: 135)

rogorc SevniSneT, poetisaTvis leqsis qmnadobis dro

Ramea. Ramis siCumeSi qmnida simoni Tavis maRalmxatvrul
nawarmoebebs. poetis vaJis nika Ciqovanis gadmocemiT simon
Ciqovani `muSaobda ganmartoebuli Tavis samuSao oTaxSi,
muSaobda mxolod RamiT, sanam janmrTeloba aZlevda amis sa-
Sualebas. drodadro xmamaRla kiTxulobda dawerils – al-

192
baT amowmebda leqsis JReradobas. werda mxolod fanqriT
umaRlesi xarisxis qaRaldze; werda Zalian wvrilad – Taba-
xis meoTxedze atevda sakmaod vrcel leqss. Tabaxis danar-
Cen sivrces cariels tovebda momavali variantebisaTvis.
asoebi ise wvrilia, rom Wirs maTi wakiTxva gamadidebeli mi-
nis gareSe, magram yoveli aso gamoyvanilia Zalian mkafiod
da, saerTod, xelnawers atyvia Taviseburi eleganturoba.
TandaTan, mxedvelobis gauaresebasTan erTad, msxvildebo-
da da kargavda silamazes mamas xelwera. es ki sagrZnoblad
awuxebda, radgan is garkveul mniSvnelobas aniWebda xel-
naweris esTetikur mxares“.
zemoTxsenebul interviuSi s. Ciqovani ganmartavs: `po-
ezia mudam gansacvifrebeli Sedegia poetisa da gare samya-
ros rTuli, daZabuli, dramatuli Sexvedrisa, igi is naper-
wkalia, maTi Sejaxebisas rom gakvesavs, imisda miuxedavad,
harmonia Tu dapirispireba akavSirebs samyarosTan poets.
mxolod gulwrfelobas ar ZaluZs gakvesos es `naperwkali“.
ar gaaCnia unari leqsis Casaxvisa“.
aq ki bunebrivad daismis kiTxva: rodis gakrTeba es
naperwkali?
raki STagoneba munji qaRaldis meufea, ocnebas ki afra
sWirdeba, rom niJaris darad maluli RaRadiT `ena miani-
Wos“ gadaSlil furcels, am SemTxvevaSi, poets Tavisi Tavi
warmoudgenia abedad, romelmac es SemoqmedebiTi cecxli
unda gaaCinos. `abedi viyav da Sen sakvesiT cecxli momec da
patruqi gavxdi“ .
mxolod amis Semdeg Seisxams frTebs `abartyebuli xma“ da
frenaSi gaiwafeba, xolo cxovrebisTvis dabadebul fiqrs
poeziis sinaTle Caefineba. yvela es piroba aucilebelia
leqsis Sesaqmnelad. ase daibadeba axali poeturi sinamdvi-
le, romelic poetsTavis epoqasTan uSualo kavSirSi aqvs
warmodgenili:

rom Cemi qveynis yoveli wami

sulSi jejilad aqcevdes marcvals
193
 da rogorc buCqi bibliur Jamis
avanTo guli da veRar davwva.
(Ciqovani 1963: 136)

1925 wels daweril leqsSi `simon Ciqovani gasawyvet

Tokze“, rogorc saTauridanac Cans, poets Tavisi Tavi war-
modgenili aqvs miwasa da cas Soris dakidebulad, romelsac
Zveli poetebis darad surs simaRleebis dapyroba.
igive ganwyobileba gvxvdeba imave wels daweril leqsSi
`gamoTxoveba“.
rogorc Tavad poeti SeniSnavs, misi imdroindeli poezia
mZimea `magram ra giyo, Sen mZime xar Cemi leqsiviT“ (`miZRvna
ukanasknels“). leqsSi `Cemi sityva Cems Sesaxeb“ poeti yu-
radRebas amaxvilebs swored am garemoebaze. poeti, romel-
mac didi mgosnobis gamocdebi Caabara, ver ityvis msubuq
leqss. misi naTqvami sityva unda iyos woniani, leqsi ki mZime,
epoqis Sesadari.

msubuq leqsebis wamosrolas mexvewebian,

xalxSi darCio metyvelebis mJave wyaliviT,
me Sedegi var axal dReebis
da am dReebis Segnebulad gamoyenebis.
(Ciqovani1975: 315)

1927 wels daweril leqsSi `gabaaseba axal mkiTxvelTan“

poeti Tavs adarebs dastaqars, romelic` drois gamxsnelad“
warmoudgenia `me striqonebis TokiT dabmuli da respubli-
kis leqsis ostati, wignidan wlebze gadastambuli var dros
gamxsneli dostaqariviT“.
am periodis leqsebSi poeti saguldagulod usvams
xazs im garemoebas, rom leqsi unda iyos moqmedi, SesaZloa
avtorisaTvis usiamovnebis momtani, magram aucileblad
mebrZoli. am nawarmoebebSi aSkaraa poetis aqtiuri mxar-
daWera arsebuli xelisuflebisa da qveyanaSi mimdinare
procesebisadmi: `leqso, gawvrTnilo droebis xmaliT
So-bils gaxsovdes oqtombris vali“ (`leqsi brZolaSi“);

194
`leqso, komunizms uSeneb kedels, aswie ufro da mtkiced
sWede“ (iqve); `leqsSi kamkamebs guli ymawvili da sabWoeTis
Semogareni“ (*** wineT vambobdi).
simon CiqovanisaTvis leqsi, ZiriTadad brZolis nayo-
fia. swored es miaCnia poets poeturi teqstis upirveles
misiad. Semoqmedeba bevr sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli,
magram poeti amisTvis mzad unda iyos. man sakuTar mxrebze
unda gadaitanos yvela is sirTule, rac marTal sityvas
mosdevs. mTavari erTi ramaa, leqsma ibrZolos da mizansac
miaRwevs:
me miyvars roca leqsi moqmedobs,
zogs eniSneba da zogs abrazebs
da grZnobebidan Semdgar oqmiviT
daadgens, moxsnas mkvdari azrebi.
mec xom movedi leqsalur setyviT
rogorc Rmuili maRal xevidan;
da siyvarulma saqmian sityvis
Sxamic mravaljer damanTxevina.
(Ciqovani 1975: 340)

1927 wels daweril leqsSi `mowodeba“ poeti mimarTavs

Tanamokalmeebs, rom Seqmnan mebrZoli, anu` cxovrebis leq-
sebi“ `yovel naz Congurs daswyviteT simi da mkvdar Rimil-
sac CamoexseniT. Zveli grZnobebis davaZroT fesvi da gadav-
feroT cxovrebis leqsi“. igive ganwyobilebebi gvxvdeba am
da Semdgom wlebSi daweril leqsebSi. `maS, gasZel leqso, ar
gatyde dResac, kvlav aelvardi foladis janiT, ixarxare da
masmine kvnesac da jalaTiviT ibrZole daniT“ (`gamoTxoveba
siymawvilesTan“).
poetis imdroindeli mizani naTelia. vinc axal epoqas
mxars ar auwyobs, dasaRupadaa ganwiruli. simon Ciqovanisa
imdroindeli paTosi fizikuri gadarCenis erTgvar garan-
tad unda CaiTvalos.
1926 wels daweril leqsSi `miZRvna axal poetebs“ s. Ci-
qovani erTgvari dajerebiT wers, rom misi leqsebi `drois
195
caze“ tyviasaviT gaisrialeben. `am saukunes Cemi leqsi ga-
ekideba da rogorc tyvia drois caze gaisrialebs“.
s. CiqovanisaTvis SemoqmedebiTi procesi erTgvari `xel-
CarTuli omia“, romlis drosac axlad iSveba poeti (`gmiri
da win“) sityva foladze ufro mtkicea, amitom cxovrebis
siZneleebTan brZolaSi is ar unda daimsxvres. `daejaxeba
leqsi folads da gausrialebs liTonis mdelos, Tu sityva
gatyda, leqsic damarcxda, foladi mainc gaitans lelos“.
s. Ciqovani ufro metad iribad xatavs SemoqmedebiTi
zeasvlis process, Tumca mis mier warmodgenili suraTi
naTlad gadmoscems am procesSi poetis brZolas, im emoci-
aTa qaoss, romelic TandaTan daiwmindeba. `da SiSvel sul-
Si mec mesobian Rameebi mtanjvel lursmnebad“ (miZRvna
n.baraTaSvils“).
Rameebi poetis SemoqmedebiTi zeasvlis mowmeni da mo-
nawileni arian. `da Rameebi Cems leqsebze Camokidula, Camom-
tvreula kideebi maRal azrebad“.
simon CiqovanisaTvis, iseve rogorc misi bevri Tanamo-
kalmisaTvis, leqsi ver miaRwevs mkiTxvelamde, Tu mas gulis
nawils ar gaatans. poeti amisTis mzadaa `leqsebs davurTe
gulis naxevi“.
mxolod ase Seqmnili nawarmoebi SeZlebs mkiTxvelis gu-
lis mogebas, sxvagvarad mxatvruli teqsti ver gaikvalavs
gzas mkiTxvelisaken.
sagulisxmoa, rom poeziis arssa da raobas simon Ciqovani
araerT leqsSi exeba. sainteresoa, mxatvruli nawarmoe-
bis miseuli xedva. misTvis es SeiZleba iyos `edemi“ (`agre
vfiqrob da veyrdnobi fuZes, uzmo qaRaldze vaSeneb edems“
– ***); `ciskris vardi“ (`ciskris vardebi furcelze awvims“.
***); `Wriloba“ (`rogorc Wriloba mkerdSi mtkiodiT da mere
xelisgulze daxvavdiT“- `leqsis saTave“); `Tafliani yvavi-
li“ (`da gulis budiT Taflian yvavils uzmod darCenil
furcelze vrgavdi“-***); `sityvis mtevani“ (`me avkinZav sity-
vis mtevans“ – `tbasTan“); da. a.S.
196
 SemoqmedebiTi procesi poets warmoudgenia rogorc
mkerdze mdinaris dena (`roca mdinare mkerdze gadadis da
iRviZeben mkerdSi leqsebi“ – `Tbilisis Rame“) leqsis dawye-
ba – Senobis saZirkvlis Cayra (leqsis dawyeba Znelia ise,
rogorc Senobis saZirkvlis Cayra“ – `leqsis dawyeba“) leq-
si – sulisa da xorcis amotaneba (`leqsis amoTqma ar varga
yeliT Tu ar amohyva suli da xorci“, – `leqsis dawyeba“)
simon Ciqovani, rogorc Tavisi epoqis uTvalsaCinoesi
Semoqmedi, esTeti da moazrovne, Tavisi SemoqmedebiT sac-
naurs xdida azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom poezia poetis mier sam-
yaros aRmoCenisa da Secnobis, mis sivrceTa da siRrmeTa
aTvisebis erTgvari iaraRia. Semoqmedeba rTuli procesia,
rom is erTgvari brZolaa, romelSic yvela gamarjvebuli
ver iqneba da rom mxolod erTeulebis xvedria Seqmnan
maRalmxatvruli nawarmoebebi.

damowmebani:

literaturuli ... 2015: `literaturuli gazeTi“, 2015, № 8 (144),

Ciqovani 1963: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani. t. I. Tbilisi: 1963.
Ciqovani 1975: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani oTx tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: 1975.

197
zeinab saria

simon Ciqovanis „cira“ da futuristuli

markerebi

„acabaca, bacaniki, ZuagrZeli, Satkvecili, iwer-buwer,

tyvepi kvaWi, gioRuri, giaCxuri, vaZiri da aSo morTi,“ – max-
sendeba bavSvobis gaTvla, rodesac futuristul teqsts
wavawydebi. gaviTvlidiT udardelad, gaucnobiereblad da
gadaveSvebodiT zRvardaudeb sixaliseSi. gaTvliT iwyeboda
TamaSebi: mgelobana, daxuWobana, klasobana... aseTi gaTvlis
teqsti ramdenime vicodiT.
es gvian gavacnobiere, rom gaTvla sabavSvo folkloria
da formulis msgavsi sityvebisagan Sedgeba, semantikisagan
Tavdaxsnili leqsikuri erTeulebisagan. maSin smenas idum-
alebiT avsebda ucxo JReradobis sityvebi da SevyavdiT Tama-
Sis stiqiaSi. ra iyo es sityvebi? qarTul-megrulis nazavi.
zogierTi maTgani romeliRac mniSvnelobas aikravda, nawils
ki veraviTar logikur semantikas ver upovidi.
...da vin fiqrobda maSin maT mniSvnelobaze?!.
bavSvobas SevefeTe TiTqos, rodesac es gaTvla wavikiTxe
nestan ratianis naSromSi „gaTvlebi da maT miRma“ (ratiani
2016: 153). „savraudod, es gaTvla damaxinjebuli megruli
unda iyos,“ – ambobs mkvlevari. sityvebi rom transformire-
bulia da sayofacxovrebo enas ara hgavs, faqtia. ar mikvirs,
rodesac futuristuli teqstebis kiTxvisas swored gaTvle-
bi da Selocvebi axsendebaT. futuristi avtori poeturi Sex-
vedrisTvis sxva enas gvTavazobs, sayofacxovrebo enisagan
gansxvavebuls, uCveulod bgerads. igi swored rom bgeraTa
samyaroSi gvepatiJeba da alag-alag Cveulebriv sityvebsac
CagvirTavs, rogorc miniSnebebsa Tu poetur gamocanas.
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, futurizmi – es eqstravagan-
tulobiT gamorCeuli da uCveulod gabeduli mimdinareoba
– XX saukunis pirveli aTwleulidan iwyebs Tavis istorias.

198
igi italiidan vrceldeba sxva qveynebSi mas Semdeg, rac 1909
wlis 20 Tebervals daibeWda futurizmis pireli manifesti,
romlis avtori iyo tomazo filipo marineti. italiidan esma
mTel samyaros, rom modis Taoba, romelic brZolas ucxadebs
yovelive Zvels, rac mis TvalSi sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara
sabediswero gangrena, magaliTad, profesorebi Zveli cno-
bierebiT, arqeologebi da yovelgvari antikvariati.
1922 wlis 6 maiss gazeT „poeziis dReSi“ ibeWdeba qarTvel
futuristTa manifesti, romelsac qvia „saqarTvelo – fe-
niqsi“. saxelwodebiT miniSnebulia ganaxlebisaken swrafva.
feniqsi, rogorc mogexsenebaT, miTologiuri frinvelia,
cecxlis stiqiiT Sepyrobili, romelic TviTwvis Semdeg fer-
flidan aRdgeba, amitomac ganaxlebis simbolod aris miCneu-
li. feniqselebis ideebi sazRvargareTeli Tanamokalmeebis
ideaTa msgavsi iyo: teqnikis kulti, urbanizmi, WkuismiRmuri
ena, agresiuli TviTdamkvidreba, siswrafis kulti, saxifaTo
naxtomi, sazogadoebis gemovnebis uaryofa... futuristuli
poeziis niSnebad damkvidrda saxifaTo novaciebi, safrTxiT
savse nabijebi, wregadasuli gabeduleba.
manana yifianis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, pirveli qarTuli
futuristuli jgufi qalaq TbilisSi 1922 wlis 3 oqtombers
Seiqmna, italiis dajgufebidan mTeli 13 wlis dagvianebiT.
sul 3 wevrisagan Sedgeboda es Tavdapirveli gaerTianeba:
Salva alxaziSvili, beno gordeziani da irakli gamrekeli
iyvnen pirveli wevrebi. didxans ar dauyovnebia quTaisur
gamoxmaurebasac. iqaur gaerTianebaSi Sediodnen simon Ci-
qovani, pavle nozaZe da niogol CaCava. rogorc manana yifi-
ani wers Tavis gamokvlevaSi, „1923 wlis 11 Tebervals es ori
jgufi gaerTianda. maTi pirveli sajaro gamosvla Sedga 1923
wlis 23 marts Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis Seno-
baSi. 1924 wlis aprilSi gamovida futuristebis pirveli be-
WdviTi organo „H2SO4“ (yifiani 2006: 36). am saxelwodebiT
ori ram iyo xazgasmuli: teqnikis kulti da gogirdmJavas
xsnaris gamanadgurebeli efeqtiT daxavsebuli tradiciis
gadabugva.
199
 mkvlevar lali avalianis azriT, simon Ciqovani futu-
ristebis upirvelesi falavania (avaliani 2016: 102). futur-
istuli esTetikis tipuri magaliTia simon Ciqovanis „cira“,
romelic v. anjafariZes mieZRvna. es leqsi cxadyofs, rom
rTulia futuristTa literaturul sivrceSi orientireba,
Znelia da zogjer SeuZlebelic logikuri sazrisebis Zebna,
magram, amis sapirwoned, mdidrdeba SegrZnebaTa speqtri.
leqsis pirvelive wakiTxva naTelyofs, rom avtorma
sazogadoebis gemovnebas marTlac sila gaawna. qarTvel
mkiTxvels aqamde amgvari araferi waekiTxa.

bade baidebs,
bude baidebs,
cira muxlebze gulfiltvs daidebs,
aida-baidebs, aido baidebs,
cira ciba, cira warbi,
cira wabli, warbenili.
cakuTxuri, cakuTxedi, xidbogiri.
odeliodo bude,
odeliodo ca,
mdinaris piras cxenebis mocda.
cira Sindi,
Sors baidiT gadafrindi.
ude bude,
udevs bade
da baidebs
obadebi abadia.
gadafrindnen, gadmofrinden,
frinvelebi ubinadro.
odeliodo umbo bude,
odeliodo ukibedro
xidbogirze cira cibas,
obobebiT Seevedre.
ubinadro uZaridro
Zarbaidebs cisadgami
200
 curavs zRvaSi camebuli
gemebs moaqvs
ialqarze cabokoni,
tyes datvirTavs wamebuli
odeliodo ca,
ude bude,
udevs bade
obobamde.
futi buxris warbebs moxris,
cira guliT gamocrili
gamocira gamoxidi
cisbokonebs gamoxede.
odeliodo TuTa
TuTa, do cafari
nSogamo da cabari.
cira gaTxelda,
rogorc Cafara.
cira ciba,
tori tanze da fafari.
Sara warbi warbenili,
gamoguli wamoSlilo gamofita
gamoguli Sors baidebs,
rom miyevxar gabutuli.
gamoguli mziT mdinare,
damSrali da gamarglili.
gamoguli moTuTo da umbo bba,
bade bude, mdinare baidebs.
cira Sindi,
obobebze gadafrindi,
ude bude,
udevs bade
da baidebs
obadebi abadia.

uCveulo siaxle mkiTxvelTa masaSi gaugebrobas, gauzi-

areblobas iwvevs. futuristebs gacnobierebulad mihqon-

201
daT ieriSi sazogadoebriv gemovnebaze. Sokismomgvreli
maTi siaxle swored amiT xdeboda popularuli, maSokirebe-
li efeqtiT. gaugonari siaxle yviris, mkveTria da uCveulo
maTi gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi. mkiTxvelis gakvirvebas
kvaldakval mohyveboda Secnobis interesi.
sityva daicala saleqsikono mniSvnelobebisagan. gauCnda
sxva saidumlo markeri. sityvas gamoecala sagnobrivi mniS-
vneloba da darCa JReradobis amara. gaaqtiurda xmovaneba,
romelmac gaaaqtiura SegrZnebebi. „zaumi“ anu „WkuismiR-
muri ena“ efeqturad inaxavs emocias, gancdas, SegrZnebas.
aqedan iqsoveba saxe. is, rac mezobel xelovnebaSi, musikaSi
kanonzomieria, cdilobs gadmovides poeziaSi. ixureba lo-
gikis karebi da Tvals axels intuicia.
sul utradicio esec ar iyo qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvis.
Cvens erovnul folklorSi mravlad aris Selocvebi, gaTv-
lebi, romlebSic TvalsaCinoa aralogikuri sityvaTSeTan-
xmebebi, harmoniul bgerwerasTan miaxloebuli gamoTqmebi.
futurizmma yovelive amas modernizebuli saxe misca. „ci-
rac“ swored amis magaliTia.
futuristebTan azri sagangebod aris gabundovanebuli
nisleulSi CaZiruli, xolo amis sapirwoned Zlierdeba in-
tuicia, mdidrdeba asociaciuri azrovneba, Cndeba sivrce
sityvaTqmnadobisaTvis, mniSvnelovani xdeba bgeraTa akus-
tika. simon Ciqovanis taepSi Cndeba SemoqmedebiTad trans-
formirebuli megruli sityvebi.
TviTon miuTiTebda am tipis leqsebis folklorTan kav-
Sirze: „im wlebSi CemTvis sagangebo mniSvneloba hqonda be-
sikis poeturi sityvis JReradobas da qarTuli folkloris
mTel rig wiaRsvlebsa da xerxebs“ (Ciqovani 2012:48). ra wiasv-
lebsa da xerxebs gulisxmobda poeti?
gavixsenoT qarTuli folkloridan erT-erTi, orsulis
Selocva:

202
saxeliTa RvTisaTa,
mamisa, ZisaTa,
sulisa wmindisaTa.
ani iZra, bani iZra,
gani iZra, doni iZra,
cixe iZra, qalaqi iZra.
yoveli nayofieri iZra,
miwa iZra, uZravi iZra,
naZravi dadga.
onofrem cxeni gaaWena,
mobrunda da gaCerda.
onofre xidze midioda,
mobrunda da gaCerda.
onofre gzaze midioda,
mobrunda da gaCerda.
onofre saydarSi Sevida,
mobrunda da gaCerda.
samjer wisqvilis borbali
mobrunda da gaCerda.
samjer mexrem wkneli moiqnia,
mobrunda da gaCerda.
cxenis mucelSi
kvici iZra da dadga,
Zroxis mucelSi
xbo iZra da dadga,
Txis mucelSi
Tikani iZra da dadga,
cxvris mucelSi
kravi iZra da dadga,
qalis mucelSi
bavSvi iZra da dadga.
isemc damdgarxar,
rogorc oqros langarze
oqros cxvari dadges.
(burusi, http://armuri.4forum.biz/t691-topic).
203
 teqstSi fiqsirdeba Semdegi Taviseburebani – frazebis
ganmeoreba, erTi da imave sityvis moqceva sxvadasxva sity-
vaTSexamebaSi, logikuris gverdiT gaugebari da aralogi-
kuri sintagmebi, saidumloebis gancda, rac msmenelSi iwvevs
SeucnobelSi SesaRwevad yuradRebis gafacicebas. amasTan
erTad Semlocveli aRwevs sugestias, ganwyobilebis gad-
debas msmenelebSi.
imave niSnebs movixelTebT Semdeg teqstSic.

Tvalnavnebis locva

vije kars samoTxisasa,

dRisasa samoTxisasa;
vije kars samoTxisasa,
dRisasa samoTxisasa;
vije kars samoTxisasa,
dRisasa samoTxisasa.
ijda qristes deda mariami,
qselsa hqsovda broweulisasa.
Camaiara Savma TaTarma,
CameeSala qseli broweulisai.
dajda, daiwyo tirili.
– rada sCivi, rada stiri,
qristes deda mariamo?
Saulocen ximiwruli,
gauberen da gaqrebao.
gasqda Savi klde,
gamoida Savi kaci,
gamahyva Savi cxeni,
Sakmaza Savma kacma
Savi cxeni
Savis unagiriTa.
Sajda Savi kaci
Savsa cxensa,
Samahkra Savi maTraჴi,
Saagdo Savsa wyalsa,
204
daiWira Savi gveli,
dasWra,
gadaasxa avTvalsa,
avgulsa.
gasqda TeTri klde,
gamoida TeTri kaci,
gamahyva TeTri cxeni.
Sakmaza TeTrma kacma
TeTri cxeni
TeTris unagiriTa.
Sajda TeTri
kaci TeTrsa cxensa,
Samahkra TeTri maTraჴi,
Saagdo TeTrsa wyalsa,
daiWira TeTri gveli,
dasWra, gadaasxa avTvalsa,
avgulsa.
gasqda wiTeli klde,
gamoida wiTeli kaci,
gamahyva wiTeli cxeni.
Sakmaza wiTelma kacma
wiTeli cxeni
wiTlis unagiriTa.
Sajda wiTeli kaci
wiTelsa cxensa,
Samahkra maTraჴi,
Saagdo wiTelsa wyalsa,
daiWira wiTeli gveli,
dasWra, gadaasxa
avTvalsa,
avgulsa.
laxvrada, laxtada,
romenmac gaTvala.
xesamc, qvasamc Seegleba,
culsamc tarad eegeba.
205
 nura darCes erTi qaTmis meti,
erTi bebris meti.
erTi katai hyvandes
Tavis Tav-piris sakawravada.

Tu ar CavTvliT dasasrulis logikur taepebs, romleb-

Sic avi Tvalis patronis misamarTiT negatiuri survilebia
gamoTqmuli, Selocvis sxva nawilebi gaugebar magiur te-
qsts hgavs. aqve SeiZleba gagvaxsendes, rom sityva `sugestia~
samedicino terminic aris da aRniSnavs mkurnalobis meTods,
romlis saSualebiTac eqimi pacientze fsiqikur zemoqmede-
bas aRwevs. aseTi SelocvebiT amgvari zegavlena miiRweoda.
es SeuRweveli saidumlos gancda aseve mZafrad aris
gamoxatuli megrul SelocvebSi, romlebic, albaT, bavSvo-
bidan esmoda momaval poets. igi izrdeboda abaSis raionis
soflebSi, naesakovosa da tyvirSi, bebiasa da ZiZasTan. cxa-
dia, swored iq gauSinaurdeboda mis yurTasmenas da Semdeg
samudamod CaebeWdeboda cnobierebaSi megruli Selocvebi,
romlebic SemoqmedebiTad transformirdeboda futuris-
tul lirikaSi.
magaliTad, gvelis nakbenis Selocva:

avia, Savua, uCa mumaularie,

uCa gveri – gverSapie,
labanami doჷvil gveri,
dudჷSxu do kudelWife.
cimua do lakartia,
gvers dudi mekvaTi do fui,
TeSi ganqaria.

aranakleb santeresoa morielis nakbenis Selocva:

konჷ Tanჷ, konჷ Tanჷ,

Tan konჷ Tanჷ,
farTo nina,
far momca,

206
 anaCqva nebiTa TuTaS,
gaqarჷ morialeSi naCamina.
an kidev Selocva obobaze:
borbolia borbo squa,
Cxoro dida Cxoro squa,
meti vafala, meti vasqua,
fuჷ, TaSi gaaqari.

ai, kidev avi Tvalis erTi Selocva, romelic elza xain-

dravasagan aris Cawerili lexaindraoSi, martvilSi

eiSen, geiSen,
eigebedeiSen,
Toi moicxariSen,
ubado SuriT,
ubado guriT,
(TiS saxeli, misiT ulorsenqin)
mikarCqiasi Tis
Tors nacar,
gurs laxvar,
fui, TeS ganqari!

marTalia, futuristebs deklarirebulad araferi un-

dodaT tradiciidan, magram SeuZlebelia amxela idumale-
biT savse, magiuri samyarodan absoluturad araferi gamoh-
yolodaT. intuicia gvkarnaxobs amas.
swored intuicia Tu dagvexmareba, miveaxloT iseTi uCve-
ulo leqsis sakralurobas, rogoricaa simon Ciqovanis
„cira“.
`bade baidebs~, `bude baidebs~, `ude bude~, `baidebs obade-
bi abadia~ – es sityvawarmonaqmnebi leqsSi ramdenimejer me-
ordeba da TiTqos fonad Cagvesmis anagramuli „odabade.“ „b“
da „d“ mJRer Tanxmovnebs mohyveba xalisiani tonaloba. es
Sori bavSvobis monatrebuli xedebis gamonaTebas hgavs cno-
bierebis ekranze.

207
 Semdeg fragmentSi / cira ciba, cira warbi,/cira wabli,
warbenili (cakuTxuri, cakuTxedi...) wina nunismieri Tan-
xmovnebi Warbobs: „c“ – yru/fSvinvieri da „w“ – yru /mkveTri,
ragvarobis mixedviT, xSl/napralovnebi. es fonemebi (sa-
metyvelo bgerebi) saintereso akustikur efeqts qmnis.
TiTqos pastelis nazi ferebi Semodis gancdaSi. mTliani
leqsikuri erTeulebiT kolxi asulis silamaze iZerweba.
romantikuli ganwyobileba mkvidrdeba.
udardelobis gancda moaqvs sintagmebs: odeliodo bude,
odeliodo ca.
mere yvelaferi iqufreba, muqdeba. mwuxarebis feriT
inisleba suraTi.
„mdinaris piras cxenebis mocda“, – gveubneba avtori da
vxvdebiT, rom sasikeTod ar icdian eg cxenebi. sul male
poeti gvetyvis: „tori tanze da fafari“ da Cven vxvdebiT,
rom ciras motacebis suraTi dagvixates. „cira guliT
gamocrili“ da „gamogulia.“ Tamarela woworia Tvlis, rom
avtorma gvaniSna, qaliSvils TiTqos guli amoacales, si-
cocxlis xalisi waarTves.
ra iyo es? saidumlodan amosvla da saidumloSi Casvla.
aba, aSkarad Tqma rom ndomeboda avtors, realisturad
gaakaSkaSebda saTqmels.
TviTon simon Ciqovani, sruliad axalgazrda, Tvlida,
rom winaparTagan gansxvavebuli sityva unda eTqva: „mwerali
sainteresoa swored imiT, riTac gansxvavdeba Tavisi mas-
wavleblebisagan“ (kvantaliani 2016: 356). unda vaRiaroT,
miuxedavad sabWouri zewolisa, mas es gamouvida.
mxatvari, rodesac abstraqcias xatavs, ferebs saWiro-
ebisamebr uxamebs erTmaneTs da gviqmnis ganwyobilebas, ro-
melic ierTebs emociis tonalobebs. futuristuli leqsic
amgvaria, qsovs ganwyobilebas sxvadasxva emociis poeturi
nazaviT.

208
 damowmebani:

avaliani 2016: avaliani l. `qarTuli futurizmi~. literaturuli Zie-

bani, XXXVII. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2016.
kvantaliani 2016: kvantaliani S. `simon Ciqovani – futurizmidan „kom-
futamde“ (komunistur futurizmamde)~. X saerTaSoriso simpoziumis
masalebi. nawili I. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2016.
ratiani 2016: ratiani n. `gaTvlebi da maT miRma~. qarTuli folklori,
#8 (XXIV). Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2016;
qarTuli Selocvebi 1993: qarTuli Selocvebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„ilia“, 1993.
yifiani 2006: yifiani m. unda mepovna ucxo napiri (futurizmi qarTul
literaturaSi da simon Ciqovanis poeturi gza). Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„xareba“, 2006 weli; http://armuri.4forum.biz/t691-topic).
Ciqovani 1930: Ciqovani s. mxolod leqsebi. Tbilisi: 1930.
Ciqovani 2012: Ciqovani s. Canawerebi. mzis Casvla mwifobis TveSi.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „inteleqti,“ 2012.
https://wikisource.org/wiki/Category:%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E
1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%
E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA-
%E1%83%90.

209
luara sordia

simon Ciqovanis saxismetyvelebisa da

msoflmxedvelobis ori aspeqti

simon Ciqovani erTxmad aris aRiarebuli, rogorc didi in-

teleqtuali (s. Wilaia, T. Cxenkeli, g. asaTiani, g. margvelaS-
vili, a. nikoleiSvili).
poetis SemoqmedebaSi gamoyofen adreul, futurizmiT
gatacebisa da sabWoTa periodSi Seqmnil nimuSebs, romleb-
Sic vlindeba socializmis, socialisturi realizmis erT-
guleba.
erTi mxriv, simon Ciqovanis saxeli ukavSirdeba avan-
gardizms, futurizms, amave dros, dainteresebas iCenda
qristianuli religiisa da bibliuri saxeebisadmi. paralelu-
rad, iqmnida sabWoTa idealebis erTguli msaxuris imijs,
magram yrud, miCumaTebulad mainc gamoxatavda damouki-
debeli respublikis damxobiT, ucxo Zalis daxmarebiT
saqarTvelos okupaciiT, represiebiT gamowveul sevda-
ukmayofilebas.
winaparTa naazreviT gabrZnobili poeti eZebda `mistiur
siRrmes~, ainteresebda `sulis awonva~ (winaprebi uRmerTo)
(Ciqovani 1975: 226).
aTeistur meoce saukuneSi xSirad imowmebda wminda weri-
lis sibrZnes, axsenebda `ciur biblias~, saxarebas, eklesi-
astes, fsalmuns, apokalifss.
mimarTavda bibliuri winaswarmetyvelebis, RmerTTan
mebrZoli iakobis, cecxlSemoxveuli mayvlis buCqis saxiT
gamocxadebuli mariam RvTismSoblis, lazares, wminda ninos
saxeebs.
galobis, aRsarebis, locvis, RaRadisis, qebis, sinanulis
intonaciebiT, igavebiT iqcevs yuradRebas simon Ciqovanis
adreuli poezia.
210
 poets mxatvruli sityvis daniSnulebad miaCnia rwmenis,
erovnuli idealebis msaxureba, cxovrebis sazrisis Zieba.
simon CiqovanisTvis niWi saRvTo madlia, suliwmindis
saboZvari, rogorc wminda werilSi, romlis mixedviT, `si-
brZnis sityva, codnis sityva, rwmena, gankurnebaTa niWi, sas-
waulmoqmedeba, winaswarmetyveleba, sulebis garCeva, sxva-
dasxva enebi, enebis ganmarteba~ suliwmindis madlia (pavle
mociquli, I korinTelTa, 12,4-11) (axali aRqma 1992:374).
alegoriulad, suliwmindis simboloa afra, zRva cxovre-
baa, navi eklesia, menaveTmoZRvari qriste (mosia: 2010:679).
uzenaess evedreboda poeti: `nebav... ganmaride soflis
siaves. afra argune ocnebas uvrcess~ (miminos darad) (Ci-
qovani 1975:216).
STagonebis movlinebas aRiqvamda, rogorc afrebis Sri-
als: `mesmis afrebis Sriali da puris RaRani... zRvis xmauri
da xalxis xmebi me movagrove~ (niJara) (Ciqovani 1975:144).
simon Ciqovanis poeturi gemis anZis svetze misi winam-
ZRoli iyo `ocnebis afra~ da ara Tavis qala, rogorc
mekobreebTan.
`ocnebis afriT~ eltvoda siaxles: `... ocnebis afriT vi-
pove grZnoba axali~ (mesame minaweri) (Ciqovani 1975: 228-229).
sayviri, Suqi, kandeli amcnobda zRvis siRrmeebidan
xomaldis gaRwevas: `ismis sayviri da SuqebiT midis kandel-
Tan zRva sivrceebi da xomaldi saxelovani~ (ucnauri droSa)
(Ciqovani 1975: 238).
poetis ideali iyo Sors mavali, ialqnebiani sulis xomal-
di: `... da gavyveT Sors did xomaldebs, adamianTa ialqnebi-
ans~ (miZRvna axal poetebs) (Ciqovani 1975 :317).
`Cemi ocneba SoreTSi qroda, rogorc farfata, cisferi
afra~, werda STagonebuli poeti (oqros sawmisi) (Ciqovani
1975: 140).
uafrod yofna ganicdeboda, rogorc marcxi: `Cvens Soris
zRvaa gardauvali da Sin uafrod Rame vaTie~ (Rames vaTev da)
(Ciqovani 1975: 78).

211
 simon Ciqovanis ideali iyo `yvavilebi sulSi aRzrdili
(gazafxuli) (Ciqovani 1975:167).
suli iyo cecxlisa da mzis savane: `cecxliT amivse sagu-
le jami... mziT amivse sagule jami~ (gamoTxoveba siymawvi-
lesTan) (Ciqovani 1975:76-77).
yvavili, cecxli, mze saRvTo saxelebia (mosia 1995:121).
poeti moiazreba mebaduris, mxedris saxeSi, romelsac
udabnoSi – urwmuno samyaroSi Seaqvs amaRlebuli ideebi:
`me var mxedari, ori xeli CavWide aRvirs da hgavs simRera
udabnoSi meranis Wixvins~ (Seni Crdilis saZebnelad) (Ciqo-
vani 1975:68-69).
poeti `menavea~, cxovrebis zRvaSi `navsadguris~, `cisfe-
ri fiqrebis~ maZiebeli, zogjer eWvebiTac Sepyrobili:
`minda yovelwams leqsebi vwero, Sin Sevityuo fiqri cisfe-
ri, Tu var menave, cxovrebis zRvaSi navsadgurs risTvis ver
mivageni?~ (leqsis saTave) (Ciqovani 1975:226).
bibliur winaswarmetyvelTa da RvTismetyvelTa msgav-
sad, simon Ciqovani cxovrebas gaiazrebda zRvis saxeSi.
bibliis mixedviT, `boroteulni aRelvebul zRvas hgva-
nan, romelic ver wynardeba da misi talRebi isvrian lafs da
talaxs~ (esaia winaswarmetyveli 57.20) (biblia: 1990).
netari avgustines mixedviT, `zRva, mwarewyliani mari-
lisgan da mSfoTvare qariSxalTagan, simboloa ama soflisa~
(aRsareba 1985:519).
ioanes saxarebis netari avgustineseuli ganmartebiT, am
`zRvaze gadasasvleli gemia Zeli, igive jvari, jvarcma~.
bibliaSi zRvaze uvneblad gaiara ebraelebis winamZRolma
mosem Tavis xalxTan erTad, saxarebaSi qriste qarian zRvaSi
dadioda, `mciredmorwmune~ petrem ki CaZirva iwyo.
pavle mociquli Tavis Tanamoazreebs zRvasa da RrubelSi
monaTlulebad moixseniebs: `Cveni mamebi yvelani Rrubel-
qveS iyvnen da yvela gaiara zRvaSi~.
`da yvelani moinaTlen moses mier RrubelSi da zRvaSi~
(I korinTelTa, 10, 1, 2) (axali aRTqma 1992:370).
212
 poemaSi `simRera daviT guramiSvilze~ simon Ciqovani
sulxan-saba orbelians zRvaSi monaTluls uwodebs: `iyo
arakTa leqsSi garTuli, zRvaSi naTluli kaci marTali~
(Ciqovani 1980:222).
leqsSi `niJaris saferfle~ (Ciqovani 1975:145-146) aqcen-
tirebulia kolxeTis `didebis zRva~, `kolxuri qarebi~.
siyvarulis grZnobac zRvis da albatrosis mimarTebis
WrilSia gaazrebuli: `mindodi, rogorc zRva albatross~
(mesam miZRvna ukanasknels) (Ciqovani 1975:25).
leqsSi `mamis ocneba~ cxovreba aRiqmeba zRvad, xolo ma-
mis `maSveli gemi~ aris Svili (Ciqovani 1980:215).
Tamaz Cxenkelis azriT, `simon Ciqovanis leqsebis Tbi-
li zRvauri anelebs sikvdilis niRbiT movlenili poetis
gancdebs~ (mwvane bivriti) (Cxenkeli 1989:429).
kolxeTis xseneba bunebrivad ukavSirdeba dakargul
oqros sawmiss, graals, verZs, rac mohyva berZeni iazonis
meTaurobiT argonavtebis laSqrobas: `... Cemi ocneba SoreT-
Si qroda, rogorc farfata, cisferi afra... veZebdi wyalSi
CaZirul faziss da kolxidaSi dakargul sawmiss. muxas
ekida sawmisi Temis, vefxvis tyaviviT mSvenebiT sruli,
mwuxrze gamoCnda cisferi gemi da SoreTidan Semohyva Suri.
mterma mogvtaca verZi muxidan, male dakarga kolxidam feri,
Surma waiRo ganZi uxvi da gadmogvyares qarebma mtveri.
Waobis suni moedo mamuls, gaxda umweo kolxeTis mxare~
(oqros sawmisi) (Ciqovani 1975:140-144).
erTgvar WrilSi moiazreben oqros sawmiss, graals, fi-
losofiur qvas. es cneba dakavSirebulia kabadokiur eT-
nosTan, qarTvelTa monaTesave tomebTan da simboloa `kos-
miuri sibrZnis, suliwmindis, RvTismSoblis. graalis mflo-
beli aris suliwmindiT gamsWvaluli adamiani~ (gamsaxurdia
1990:35).
zogjer gaigivebulia graali da wigni (genoni1992).
`vefxistyaosani~ miiCneva graalis poemad (gamsaxurdia
1990:38).

213
 graalis problema vrclad aris damuSavebuli rogorc
Teoriul, ise mxatvrul WrilSi (g. tabiZe, gr. robaqiZe,
z.gamsaxurdia, m. kostava, o. WilaZe, v. egriseli, l. wereTeli).
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi oqros sawmisis variaciaa `xom-
lis barZimi~, xolo mis dauflebas sWirdeba cis da miwis
saidumloebaTa Secnoba: `... ver moitaca xomlis barZimi, caSi
briala Tvali ar cxreba da atyorcnili caSi arwivi mkerdiT
pitalos daenarcxeba~ (arwivis sikvdili) (Ciqovani 1975:72).
simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebaSi mTesveli, Tesva, yana,
puri, gaazrebulia saxarebis kvalobaze.
maTes saxarebaSi moTxrobilia `igavi mTesvelze~ da gar-
Ceulia gzispirze daTesili, eklebSi daTesili, kldovanze
davardnili da poxier miwaze daTesili Teslebi da iqvea
ganmarteba, rom `nayofis gamomRebi ar aris arc gzispirs,
arc eklebSi, arc kldovanSi daTesili, xolo poxier miwaze
daTesili is aris, vinc moismens sityvas, gonebiT Cawvdeba da
swored is aris nayofieri~ (maTe, 13, 27-28). igavi mTesvelze)
(axali aRTqma 1992).
xolo `xorblis da RvarZlis igavis `ganmartebis mixed-
viT, keTili Teslis mTesveli kacis Zea.
`yana ki aris wuTisofeli; keTili Tesli sasufevlis Zeni
arian, xolo RvarZli-borotis Zeni.
`xolo mteri, romelmac is daTesa, aris eSmaki; mka ki aris
wuTisoflis aRsasruli, xolo momkelni angelozebi arian~
(maTe, 13, 37-39) (axali aRTqma 1992:29).
`sicocxlis puri~ aris qristes mcnebebi~ (ioane, 6, 48, 51)
(axali aRTqma 1992:193).
simon Ciqovani ara xorbals, aramed sityvas Tesavda, ekal-
bardebs aSorebda naTess da `momavlis puris~, `xvalinde-
li puris~ mowevas cdilobda sibrZnis, WeSmaritebis saxiT:
`mesmis samkali yanis bibini da momkels uxmobs Cemi sayviri~
(cxovrebis gzaze) (Ciqovani 1975:64:66).
poets Secnobili hqonda sakuTari misia: `da me sawuTro
mkaSi meZaxis~ (saubris gagrZeleba) (Ciqovani 1975:86).

214
 darwmunebuli iyo, rom samomavlo sityvas qadagebda:
`mTebze yaWiviT fiqri acocda... mtkvris xeobaSi mTvare ga-
cocxlda da me xalindel purs vilukmebi~ (cxovrebis gzaze)
(Ciqovani 1975:64-66).
`cis TavTavebs~ adevnebuls, sjeroda, rom `STagonebiT
mkas mohyveba xvavi~ (leqsis saTave) (Ciqovani 1975:227).
poeti natrobda: `... Cemi qveynis yoveli wami sulis je-
jilad aqcevdes marcvals da rogorc buCqi bibliur Jamis,
avanTo guli da veRar davwva~.
misi mizani iyo `arsobis puris moweva~, `sityva~ ki `je-
jilivT RaRanebs~ (simRera daviT guramiSvilze) (Ciqovani
1980:182).
esmoda `samkali puris RaRani~ (niJara) (Ciqovani 1975:147).
poetis leqsebis wigni aris `beReli..., Sig uCinari yana
Srialebs~.
Semdeg ki pirdapir azustebs: `Cemi moZmeni xorbals Te-
saven da me xmebs vTesav, Seni kvnesame~ (guramiSvilis da vaJas
feri) (Ciqovani 1975:205).
`sulSi Srialebs sityvis ylortebi, safutkre cacxvi
furcelze hyvavis da kvlav saTaves vuaxlovdebi~, gvamcnobs
poeti (leqsis saTave) (Ciqovani 1975:327).
dedis cremlebidan aRmocendeba `xe mgalobeli~, romlis
rtoze hkidia `fiqrTa mtevnebi~ (dedis cremlebi) (Ciqovani
1975:219).
simon Ciqovani kiTxulobs: `vin akrefs caSi Cayolil
TavTavebs?~
erTnairi interesis sagania ca da miwa, `xomlis barZimis~
(zeciuri sibrZnis, uzenaesi sawyisebis) gaTaviseba, magram
arwivi (poeti), romelmac `ca ver Seicno da miwis cnobac ar
exerxeba ... mkerdiT pitalos daenarcxeba~ (arwivis sikvdili)
(Ciqovani 1975:72).
qriste ambobs saxarebaSi: `samkali bevria, muSakni ki –
cota.
`amitom evedreT samklis ufals, rom warmogzavnos muSak-
ni Tavis samkalSi~ (maTe, 10, 37, 38) (axali aRTqma 1992:19).
215
 simon Ciqovani iyo sulis yanis bejiTi muSaki, dauRalavi
momkeli.
marcvlis, Tesvis, TavTavis, puris Sinaarsi poets saxa-
rebis kvalobaze hqonda gacnobierebuli.
`RvTis puri isaa, romelic zecidan Camodis da sicocxles
aZlevs wuTisofels.
`me var puri sicocxlisa. CemTan momsvlels ar moSivdeba
da Cems morwmunes ar moswyurdeba~ (ioane, 6, 33, 35) (axali
aRTqma, 1992:190).
`me var puri sicocxlisa~.
`me cocxali puri var, zecidan Camosuli~ (ioane, 6, 48, 51)
(axali aRTqma, 1992:193).
fsalmunSic `ciuri puri~ RmerTis saxelia (fs. 77, 24)
(axali aRTqma, 1992:605).
simon Ciqovani eZebda `momavlis purs~, `xvalindel purs~,
anu qristes rwmenas.
poetis epiTeti iyo `purisferi~ (Sdr. galaktionis `Rvi-
nisferi~). sulieri puris mowevna did sulier Zalisxmevas,
eSmakis cdunebisgan ganridebas, gamocda – gansacdelebs
ukavSirdeba, radgan gzaSi, yanaSi, jejilSi yovelTvis Cnde-
ba ekali, ZeZvi.
RvTis gzasTan misasvlels, `ucxo napirs~ mCxvletavi
eklebi faravs simon Ciqovanis leqsSi: `meguleboda gza
pirdapiri, gzaze mCxvletavi xSiri ekali, unda mepova ucxo
napiri da Tundac mere mexs movekali~ (cxovrebis gzaze)
(Ciqovani 1975:66).
magram poetis sulSi `sakmeli~ enTo, eklebian gzas uZ-
lebda Zlieri qusli, qariSxalSi mTvare unaTebda gzas da
`xvalindel purs~ eziareboda: `ver damiRara qusli eklebma,
ar damlevia sulSi sakmeli... bevr qariSxalSi davrCi cocxa-
li da me sawuTro mkaSi meZaxis. mTebze yaWiviT fiqri
acocda... mtkvris xeobaSi mTvare gacocxlda da me xvalin-
del purs vilukmebi~ (cxovrebis gzaze) (Ciqovani 1975:64-66).
`xevSi ganvlie ekalnarebi~, gvamcnobs poeti (udReur po-
ets) (Ciqovani 1975:37).
216
 morwmuneobis gamo, is `eklebis mkafavad~ daudgenia gan-
gebas (ZiZis saflavi) (Ciqovani 1975:228).
saxarebis mixedviT, `eklebSi daTesili is aris, vinc si-
tyvas ismens, magram wuTisoflis sazrunavi da simdidris
sacduri aSToben sityvas da igi unayofo Seiqneba~.
`keTili Teslis mTesveli kacis Zea~.
`keTili Tesli sasufevlis Zeni arian, xolo RvarZli-
borotebis Zeni~.
`xolo mteri, romelmac is daTesa, aris eSmaki~ (maTe, 13,
37-39) (axali aRTqma 1992:39).
wminda werilis mixedviT, `... miwa, romelic iwovs masze
mravalgzis mosul wvimas da iZleva mwvanils, sasargebloa
maTTvisac, visTvisac muSavdeba – igi RvTisgan Rebulobs
kurTxevas.
`xolo romelic iZleva ekalsa da kurosTavs, uvargisia
da lamis dawyevlili, misi boloa dawva~ (pavle mociquli,
ebraelTa, 6, 7, 8) (axali aRTqma. 1992:177).
ekali urwmuno sulis maxasiaTebelia: `rogorc daumuSa-
vebeli miwa uxeSdeba da ifareba nar-ekliT, aseve saRmrTo
swavlebas moklebul sulSic aRmocendeba eklebi da manki-
eri survilebi.
`adamianis cdomilebis mosdevs eklebisa da kurosTa-
vebis aRmoceneba~ (damaskeli 2002:357).
RvTis sityva, rwmena, wminda werilis mixedviT, aris `si-
marTlis javSani~, `rwmenis fari~, `xsnis CaCqani~, `sulis
maxvili~ (pavle mociquli, efeselTa, 6, 14, 16, 17) (axali
aRTqma. 1992:422).
simon Ciqovanis leqsSi poeti ambobs: `xmali viyav da el-
vare faric~ (gamoTxoveba siymawvilesTan) (Ciqovani 1975: 78-
79).
zogjer eWvic iCens Tavs: `ver Sevityue sityvaSi fiqri,
ver movaxvie javSani gareT~ (eWvi) (Ciqovani 1975:226).
bibliaSi ebraeli xalxs winamZRolma mosem ixila mayvlis
buCqi, romelsac cecli exveoda, magram ar iwveboda.

217
 mayvali RvTismSoblis, cecxli qristes simboloa (mosia
1995:124).
simon Ciqovanis erT leqsSi gvxvdeba bibliur Jamis buC-
qTan Sedarebuli guli, romelic anTebulia, magram ar iwve-
ba: `guli buCqia bibliur Jamis, avanTe igi da veRar davwvi~
(nikoloz baraTaSvils) (Ciqovani 1975:63).
poetis SemoqmedebaSi gamoxatuleba upovnia bibliuri
iakobis RmerTTan Serkinebis epizods, oRond gadaazrebul
WrilSi.
simon Ciqovani iakobiviT erkineba ara uflis angelozs,
aramed arwivs – STagonebas.
leqsSi `vaJa-fSavelas buxarTan~ (Ciqovani 1975:201-203)
winapari poetis buxarTan aRmoCenili avtori iakobiviT
arwivs erkineba, Semdeg ki kurTxevas iTxovs: `vaJas buxar-
Tan arwivi... iakobiviT mas verkinebi da alionze kurTxevas
viTxov~...
poemaSi `simRera daviT guramiSvilze~ nawarmoebis ad-
resati Sedarebulia lazaresTan: `Sen TviTon iyav lazare,
mkvdreTiT amdgari yaribi~ (Ciqovani 1980:287).
adreuli periodis leqsebSi mravlad aris qristianuli
simboloebis magaliTebi: `cxovrebis wylis Rari, aRsavlis
kari, ukvdavi wyaro, mtredi mwvane rtoTi, venaxi, arsobis
puri, cxovrebis xe, xe mgalobeli, Soreuli wvima, cxovrebis
wigni, sulis yvavili, cecxli, mze, gazafxuli, mebaRe~.
gamocxadebis mixedviT, `sicocxlis wignSi~ Caiwerebian
mxolod rwmenisTvis sisxlis gamRebni, mxolod wmindaT,
TeTriT Semosilebs miemadlebaT `axali galobis~ aRvlenis
unari.
simon Ciqovanma ukve Cawera `bedis sarkeze~ Tavisi saT-
qmeli, `cxovrebis wignis~ saidumloebebic gaiTavisa: `bedis
sarkeze frTebi avlande, cxovrebis wignis dedanze vwerdi~
(bulbuliani) (Ciqovani 1975:231-236).
simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba filosofiuri
problemebi, poeti saubrobs gardacvalebaze, magram warmav-
lobis sevdas sZlevs gardasxeulebis Teoriis miRebiT: `ra
218
aris sulis gardacvaleba? feriscvaleba, gadasvla xalxSi.
gazafuliviT gavCndebiT isev da grZnoba Tu ar damexavseba,
Cems siymawviles meore hpovebs, kaci, romelic me memsgavse-
ba~ (pirveli minaweri) (1975:212-213).
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi mravalgzis ixseneba biblia, sa-
xareba. Semoqmedebis adreul periodSi poeti warmoCndeba,
rogorc WeSmarit qristianul rwmenas naziarebi adamiani,
swored iseTi, rogoric wminda werilSia.
wminda pavle mociquli brZanebs: `saxareba, romelsac
vaxarebdi, ar aris adamianuri.
`vinaidan mec ar mimiRia da ar miswavlia igi adamianis-
gan, aramed ieso qrists gamocxadebiT~ (pavle mociquli,
galatelTa, 1, 11, 12) (axali aRTqma 1992:404).
suliwmindis qnarad wodebuli wminda mama amxels gala-
telebs qristes saxarebis damaxinjebaSi: `mikvirs, rom ase
male gadaxvediT sxva saxarebaze imisgan, vinc mogiwodaT
qristes madliT.
`ar arsebobs sxva saxareba magram arseboben adamianebi,
romelTac areuloba SeaqvT TqvenSi da surT daamaxinjon
qristes saxareba~ (pavle mociquli, galatelTa, I, 6, 7) (axa-
li aRTqma 1992:603).
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi icvleba saxarebis azri. aTeis-
tur, socialistur sazogadoebaSi, kulakobis – anu mSro-
meli glexobis ganadgurebis, gamrje adamianebis naSrom-
najafis eqspropriaciis xarjze Seiqmna kolmeurneoba, rac,
rogorc mere gairkva, mSromelTa yvlefis moxerxebuli
forma iyo.
`simon Ciqovani uyoymanod emxroboda sisxliT, teroriT
mosuli xelisuflebis yovel nabijs, is iyo `revoluciis
ultramomxre~, revoluciis WeSmariti poeti. vinc ar izi-
arebda revoluciis gzas, utevda daundoblad da sastikad~
(Wilaia, simon Ciqovani) (XX s. qarTuli mwerloba) (Wilaia
1962:59).
poets Tavi moswonda axali drois miRebiT, muSebis, mebr-
Zolebis, axali gmirebis mxardaWeriT, `saukunis sayvirad~,
219
`n. baraTaSvilis da i. WavWavaZis modgmad da pirdapir STa-
momavlad~ acxadebda Tavis Tavs, magram poetis es winaprebi
arasodes yofilan kanonikuri cnebebis, marTlmadidebluri
eklesiis opozicia.
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi icvleba saxarebis azri, soci-
alistur sazogadoebaSi axali gmirobis saxareba gamxdara
mTavari: `vqadageb xalxSi saxarebas axal gmirobis~ (fiqri
mtkvris piras) (Ciqovani 1980:373-387).
saxarebaze saubari isev meordeba da mas gamoclili aqvs
Tavisi pirvandeli Sinaarsi, axali gmirobis saxarebaze
uarismTqmels samare, yinuli da cecxli elodeba: `unda
daidgas am napirebSi Zegli grZnobebis da warwerebis, qada-
gebs ase saxareba axal gmirobis – mtkvari, daraji Zveli
Tbilisis, am sicocxleSi mowyvetiT yofnas – munji, priala
samare gijobs. yinuli Sublze, vinc 23-Si sicocxlis
furclebs. ver SeiTvisebs da siyvaruliTY Suagul cecxlSi
mourideblad fexs Seabijebs~ (Ciqovani 1980:382).
leqsi dawerilia 1925 wels.
religiur cnebaTa aseT gadafasebas Tanmimdevruli xa-
siaTi aqvs simon Ciqovanis sabWoTa periodis poeziaSi, poeti
TiTqos ukompromisod mihyveba socialisturi realizmis
dogmebs.
mkrexeluria Semdegi azri: `Tu RvTismSobeli meuRle iyo
marTla durgalis, rad ar aswavle qveyanas, RmerTo, burRis
xmareba, rom aTvisebdi locvas – sefiskvers~ (fiqri mtkvris
piras) (Ciqovani 1980:384).
leqsSi `xasiaTi da simRera~ (Ciqovani 1975:248-249) orbi
faravs ciur biblias, muSas da bulbuls mosZulebiaT erT-
maneTi da kvdeba bulbuli, xmeba vardi: `diadi orbi, viT
mwignobari, eger sadRac zis mdumared srulad. haerSi ar
hyavs mas megobari da cis siRrmeSi Cafiqrebula. orbsac ara
hyavs arcerTi tyve da bundRi faravs ciur biblias. muSas ar
uyvars bulbuli, arc bulbuls uyvars muSis xma. amitom mok-
vda bulbuli, amitom vardi Camoxma~.

220
 bibliaSi miwiuri vazi ebraeli xalxis simboloa: `me dag-
rge rCeul venaxad, keTil Teslad dagTese, rogor gadajiS-
di da ucxo vazad rogor Semecvale?~ (ieremia winaswamrtyve-
li, 2, 21) (biblia 1990:126).
saxarebaSi qristes epiTetia `vazi WeSmariti~: `me var vazi
WeSmariti, mamaCemi ki mevenaxea~ (ioane, 15, 1) (axali aRTqma
1992:213).
simon Ciqovanis `ganjis dRiuri~ iseT morwmune poets
eZRvneba, rogorc iyo nikoloz baraTaSvili. poemaSi vena-
xis adresatia ara miwis vazi – xalxi, an RmerTi, aramed
qali: `Sen xar venaxi, alaznis vazi... Sens aivanze zis poezia~
(Ciqovani 1980:354-355).
leqsSi `winaprebi~ (Ciqovani 1980:229) `gauqmebuli, viT sa-
xareba, kldeze hkidia varZiis kari~.
`dakiduli serafimic~ aTeisturi epoqis maxasiaTebe-
lia: `gulSi vigoneb dakidul serafims~ (axali saSiSroeba)
(Ciqovani).
`kidobani gamomxmari kvnesis, WriWinebs~ (fiqri mtkvris
piras) (Ciqovani 1980:382).
kidobani mariam RvTismSoblis somboloa: `gixaroden
kidobano oqrovanqmnilo suliTa~ (daujdomeli yovladwmin-
da RvTismSobelisa) (sapatriarqo 2009:12).
simon Ciqovani zedmiwevniT kargad icnobda wminda werils,
msoflio da qarTul klasikur memkvidreobas, gaTavisebuli
hqonda simbolur-igavuri sibrZne, magram oqtombris revo-
luciis Semdeg, srulad cvlida maT pirvandel Sinaars. mor-
wmune poeti cdilobda aTeisturi epoqisTvis miesadagebina,
materialisturi gageba mieca qristianuli saxeebisTvis.
axali drois mexotbed qceuli, cdilobda mkiTxvelis da-
jerebas imaSi, rac TviTonac ar sjeroda.
da Tu sadme wamocdeboda simarTle, amas saguldagulod
malavda da ar Sehqonda Tavis TxzulebaTa krebulebSi.
mainc moiZieba mis SemoqmedebaSi xelisuflebis mier Seqm-
nili viTarebisadmi opoziciuri ganwyobis nimuSebi da am ga-
dasaxedidanac unda Sefasdes poetis mxatvruli nimuSebi.
221
 am TvalsazrisiT, yuradRebas iqcevs ori nawarmoebi:
`Semodgomis dReebi aWaraSi~ da poema `bedi respiblika~, rom-
lebsac pirvelad miaqcia yuradReba profesorma avTandil
nikoleiSvilma.
`Semodgomis dReebi aWaraSi~ gamoxatavs poetis damokide-
bulebas avbediTi 1937 wlis represiebisadmi: `keriis cecx-
liT enTo imedi, adre grZnobebi mudam Warbia, weli dagvesxa
ocdaCvidmeti, Sin Semovarda da dagvarbia. mainc ar gavty-
diT, ar davifukeT, mamuls gavyeviT gzebze mxardamxar, axla
ar Canxar Sen, siWabukev, Sen, gazafxulo, mainc sada xar?~.
rogorc aRniSnulia, `am leqsSi poetis moqalaqeobriv-
msoflmxedvelobrivi protestantizmi... ararazrovnad aris
gamoxatuli~ (nikoleiSvili 2002:407).
es ukmayofileba vlindeba intimur leqsSic: `ormocda-
erTi da mSfoTvare ocdaCvidmeti, ramden SemTxvevam gada-
buga Cemi imedi~.
`dasjili~ poeti zRvasTan eZebs `samkurnalo balaxs:
`isev zRvasTan var, rogorc dasjili, msurs samkurnalo
balaxi vTibo... Sen ki Sors wevxar mxarSi daWrili da me mer-
yeva sicocxlis libo.~
sulSi `qarvis qariSxali, mcire eWvi~ da `Cumi eWvic~
ibudebda.
1928 w. dawerili poema `bedi respublika~ simon Ciqovans
krebulebSi ar Seutania.
nawarmoebSi asaxulia saqarTvelos damoukidebeli res-
publikis damxoba da bolSevikuri xelisuflebis damyareba
ruseTidan mosuli wiTeli jaris daxmarebiT.
SemTxveviTi rodia ilia WavWavaZis `aCrdilis~ saqarT-
velos Tanamdevi ukvdavi sulis, samSoblos gulSematkivari
moxucis movlineba erovnuli droSiT, moxucis godeba sam-
Soblos dacemaze, rom saTaveSi modis urwmuno, moZalade
xalxi, romelTac `arc xati swamT da arc eklesia~. moxuci
dastiris `mcirewlovani respublikis~ sikvdils, saqarTve-
loSi danTebul xanZars.

222
 poemaSi aSkaraa `antibolSevikuri Sexedulebani~ (niko-
leiSvili 2002:411).
gaismis mowodeba, Caketon darialis karebi, saidanac Semo-
dis uRmerToba. oratoris azriT, `kisers moitexs komunizmi
kavkasionTan da istorias Cabardeba SecdomebiT~.
naCvenebia damarcxebuli parlamentis bolo sxdoma. aS-
karaa `bedis wignze~ dasasrulis wertilis dasma. gaismis go-
deba, rom `axla viRac wiTelma furebma unda wixlon~, rom
`yaCaRebSia qarTlis bedi gadawyvetili~ da `myoobadi devs
yiameTiviT~.
respublika daclilia sisxlisgan, suli amRvreulia Wo-
roxiviT da `zRvis sivrceze saqarTvelos bedi gaiyida~.
poemaSi naCvenebia erovnuli Zalebis protesti, xazgas-
mulia bolSevikuri ideologiis satanuroba.
axali xelisufleba warmoCndeba, rogorc moZalade, sis-
xliani, araerovnuli, wiTeli ruseTis xiStiT mosuli.
aseTi protesti mere arasodes gamouxatavs poets.
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi gvxvdeba simReriT sikvdilis
idea: `mtirali movel miwaze RamiT, ukan simReriT mimiRos
Ramem~ (aris siyrmes da simwifes Soris) (Ciqovani 1975:177).
am SemTxvevaSi misi winamorbedebi arian akaki wereTeli
(`qebaTa qeba~, `moxucis simRera~) da galaktion tabiZe
(`mTawmindis mTvare~).
simon Ciqivanis maRalmxatvruli poezia mdidaria epiTe-
tebiT, simbolur-igavuri saxeebiT.
neologizmebis magaliTebia: moavgaroze, akvirtdnen,
abartyebuli, gamicisfera, gamostriqondes, minanave, mige-
luwe, gedavriSe, vimxilvaro, gaboqlomdebi, moiSvilda, ga-
daxvelebuli, gauabreSuma, esaTuTa.
mis lkeqsebSi `Sairi Srialebs~, `cremli Srialebs~.
erTgvari kompromisebis miuxedavad, rasac aiZulebda to-
talitaruli socializmis epoqa, simon Ciqovanma SefarviT
daafiqsira Tavisi azri d opoziciuri mxatvruli nimuSebiT
mainc Seqmna Tavisi Tanamedroveobis STambeWdavi suraTi.

223
 `Cveni drois poeturi kultura msoflios yvela kuTxe-
Si, maT Soris, ruseTsa da saqarTveloSic, warmoadgens sim-
bolizmisa da misgan gamosuli an masTan mopaeqre skolaTa
bunebriv Sedegs, Tumca am mimdinareobaTa saukeTeso dag-
virgvinebis nimuSad SeiZleba gamodges simon Ciqovanis siax-
liT aRniSnuli, mravalsaxovani da TviTmyofadi Semoqmede-
ba~, imowmebs boris pasternakis azrs giorgi margvelaSvili
(Ciqovani 1975:52).

damowmebani:

aRsareba 1985: `aRsareba netar avgustines, hiponis episkoposisa~. wig-

ni I. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari (v. burkaZis Targmani). Tbilisi:
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, 1985.
axali aRTqma 1992: axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi. 1992.
biblia 1990: biblia or wignad. wigni II. Tbilisi: 1990.
gamsaxurdia 1990: gamsaxurdia z. saqarTvelos sulieri misia. Tbilisi:
1990.
genoni 1992: genoni rene. `graalis simbolizmi~ (frangulidan Targmna
Tamar jayelma). gaz. `literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 15 oqtomberi, 1992.
damaskeli 2002: damaskeli ioane. marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis
zedmiwevniTi gadmocema. Tbilisi: 2002.
mosia 1995: mosia t. saRvTo saxismetyveleba. zugdidi: 1995.
mosia 1996: mosia t. saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba. zugdidi: 1996.
mosia 2010: mosia t. daviT guramiSvilis msoflmxedvelobis samyaroSi.
Tbilisi: 2010.
nikoleiSvili 2002: nikoleiSvili a. meoce saukunis qarTuli mwerlo-
ba. quTaisi: 2002.
sapatriarqos ... 2009: sapatriarqos uwyebani, №12, 3-9 aprili, 2009.
Ciqovani 1975: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani oTx tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: 1975.
Ciqovani 1980: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani oTx tomad. t. II. Tb. Tbilisi: 1980.
Cxenkeli 1989: Cxenkeli T. mSvenieri mZlevari. Tbilisi: 1989.
Wilaia 1962: Wialaia s. XX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba. naw. III. Tbilisi:
1962.

224
 linda cicqiSvili

`nivTi~, rogorc mxatvruli saxe simon Ciqovanis

SemoqmedebaSi

meoce saukunis dasawyisSi literaturasa da xelovne-

baSi saWiro gaxda `nivTis“ axleburad asaxva. `nivTma“ da-
karga mSvenierebis Cvenebis, esTetikuri funqcia, gawyda ka-
vSiri sagansa da mis RvTaebriv bunebas Soris. `nivTi~, axali
gagebiT gamoikveTa, rogorc ubralod xelovnuri sagani,
romelic sivrculi figuraa da gaaCnia garkveuli masa. wina
planze wamoiwia `nivTis“ utilitarulma fiziologiam, ro-
gorc meqanikurad aSenebuli sxeulisam.
am tipis azrovnebas xels uwyobda meoce saukunis filo-
sofosebis naazrevic. profesori slobodanka gloveri Ta-
vis statiaSi `nivTi, rogorc sxva“, wers: aucilebeli ar aris
kavSiri `nivTisa“ realobasTan, an `nivTebisa“ saxelebTan.
Tanamedrove gagebiT, xelovani aRar aris erTaderTi pri-
vilegirebuli wevri sazogadoebisa, romelsac xelovnebis
bedi abaria. xelovnebis nimuSi gadaiqca artefaqtad da xe-
lovani – xelosnad, romelic flobs teqnikas. primitivze aq-
centis gadataniT, xeliT Seqmnili `nivTi“ xelovnebis nimu-
Sis statusamde adis, gandevnis ra `mSvenierebis“, unikaluris
esTetikur arss. poeziac warmoebiT dargad gadaiqca.
simon Ciqovani JurnalSi `literatura da sxva“ wers, rom
es axali saukunis `fsixologizmi“ aris konstruqtivizmi.
sagans, nivTs aqvs movaleoba, daniSnuleba da ara Sinaarsi.
Sinaarsi iyo religiuri da moraluri nawili nivTisa, rome-
lic Caanacvla daniSnulebam. Sroma, aSeneba, es aris poezi-
is axali funqcia. poezia gadaiqca kvlevis laboratoriad.
am laboratoriaSi yalibdeba sityvebi: `roSari“, `xedeira“,
`camdinari“ (Ciqovani 2011: 343).
simon Ciqovani am axal mimarTulebas, poeziis axal la-
boratorias, uwodebs `sityva msax xelovnebas“. misi az-
225
riT, poeziaSi unda damkvidrdes axali konstruema – xmauri,
romelic ucxoa qarTuli poeturi akustikisTvis. `sityvis
masalobrivma gagebam migviyvana sagnebis sityvidan gaTavi-
suflebamde“. qarTuli `sityva msaxi xelovneba“ acocxlebs
nivTebis xalxuri arsis Zireul gancdas. axal poeziaSi mniS-
venlovania nivTebis akrobatika: `Sriali Sors – Sarebi ruS“.
zaumuri enis analogiiT qarTvelma futuristebma Seq-
mnes axali ena `roSari“ (sityvisagan `roSva“) leqsebis la-
boratoriis iniciatorebi da pirvel rigSi simon Ciqovani,
moiTxovda qarTul enaSi axali asoebis damkvidrebas, aso-
ebisa, romlebic qalaqis xmaurs asaxavda. aqedan gamomdinare
aqtualurad dadga nivTisa da Sinaarsis mimarTebis sakiTxebi.
mSvenieris esTetizacia dinamizmis esTetizaciam Caanac-
vla, ramac gamoiwvia qaosi, yoveli nivTi Tavdayira dadga,
yvelaferma dakarga pirvandeli saxe. axali Taobis poetebma
iTaves poeturi wesrigis damkvidreba, anu daerqvas yvela
nivTs Tavisi saxeli. amdenad, poetis am metad bunebriv saq-
mianobas SeiZleba `mSenebloba“ ewodos. swored aq utolde-
ba poetis saqmianoba nivTebis mwarmoeblisas, konstruq-
torebisas. warmoebuli nivTis msgavsad poetur nivTsac aqvs
Senebis struqtura.
erT-erTi mTavari ideuri safuZveli am axleburi az-
rovnebis da mimdinareobisa iyo intuitivizmi. bergsonis
azriT intuituri Semecneba axali sinamdvilis Semqmnelia.
intuicia mistikuri aqtia uSualo aRqmisa, romlis umarti-
vesi formacaa instiqti, xolo umaRlesi gamovlenaa – es-
Tetikuri niWi (yifiani 2006:13). marinetis manifestSi `gan-
Tavisuflebul sityvebs“ awesrigebs `RvTiuri intuicia“,
rac futuristulad warmoadgens samyaros. futuristul
mimdinareobaze didi gavlena iqonia bergsonisa da kroCes
filosofiurma Teoriebma (paiWaZe 2009: 60).
axalma filosofiurma safuZvlebma, moitana saWiroeba
mxatvruli saxeebis ganaxlebisa literaturasa da xelov-
nebaSi. futurizms axlda ganaxlebis didi talRa, miuxedavad
imisa, rom italiuri futurizmi namdvilad gansxvavdeba
226
jer rusuli futurizmisgan da Semdgom qarTuli futu-
rizmisgan, sagnis krizisi yvela qveynis mimdinareobaSi
gamoikveTa. sagani aRar iyo esTetikuri cneba xelovnebaSi.
sagnebi aRar gamoxatavdnen srulyofilebis, silamazis,
harmoniisa da sikeTis xarisxs, mas CamoSorda esTetikuri
datvirTva.
rogorc marineti ambobda `erTi SexedviT erTmaneTis
sawinaaRmdego, erTmaneTisgan daSorebul sagnebs Soris
analogiebis daZebniT, ufro ukeT, ufro Rrmad SevafasebT
da SevicnobT am sagnebs“. misma Teoriulma naazrevma seri-
ozuli gavlena iqonia im saukunis poetebis azrovnebaze.
e.w. asociaciuri xedva nivTebisa wamyvani gaxda Tanamedrove
azrovnebisTvis. futuristuli leqsebi aqedan gamomdinare
epoqis teqnizaciiT daRdasmuli aRmoCnda. futuristebma
erTmaneTs daupirispires kino da pantomima, kino da musika,
kino da sityva. Teatri, sityva da musika maTi azriT bur-
Juaziuli xelovnebis materialuri safuZvlebia. `yvel-
gan da yovelTvis yoveli xelovneba iyo ybedoba. mwerloba
ybedobs, poezia ybedobs; Teatri ybedobs... dRes yvelas mo-
bezrda ybedoba. kmara, Tanamedrove adamiani moiTxovs, nak-
lebi sityva – meti moZraoba“ (yifiani 2006: 43)
bevri sagani erTad. sagnebis xaraxura asaxavs Tanamedro-
ve yofis ritms. amis gadmocemas cdilobdnen futuristebi.

gadafrindnen, gadmofrindnen,
frinvelebi ubinadro.
odeliodo umbo bude,
odeliodo ukibedro
xidbogirze cira cibas,
obobebiT Seevedre.
(`cira“, Ciqovani 2007: 7)

simon Ciqovanis am leqsSi aSkarad SeimCneva kinematogra-

fiuli stili. sityvieri kadrebi, moZravi sityvebi. g.asaTi-
ani aRniSnavs: s.Ciqovanis leqsi mkiTxvelisgan moiTxovs
garkveul mxatvrul alRos, poeturi azris msvlelobisadmi
227
gulisyuris erTgvar daZabvas, dafiqrebisa da warmodgenis
unars. ... s. Ciqovani principuli mowinaaRmdegea poeziis da-
niSnulebis gaiolebis (yifiani 2006: 106).
futurizmi ramdenime mimarTulebiT ebrZoda Zvel po-
etur mimdinareobebs:
• xalxur sawyisebTan daaxloeba
• sityvisa da Sinaarsis daSoreba erTmaneTTan
• sityvaTwarmoeba
• yofiTi sityvebis Semotana poeziis wiaRSi
poeturi Semoqmedebis sagnad urbanizaciisa da socialu-
ri gemovnebis SenjRrevis Sedegad miviReT simon Ciqovanis
Semdegi striqonebi: `moCans Tbilisi CaRamebul kaloSebiviT“.
es tendencia sagnebis, nivTebis gabundovanebisa qarTul
poetur azrovnebaSi daukavSirda xalxuri azrovnebisken
mibrunebas. Selocvebi, absurduli bgerebi da sityvebi. amis
magaliTi simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebaSi aris leqsi `qarboria“.

futuro ro fotro, caSori, Cxriali jandabas...

he, gzao naklebo, gza misdevs gakvalul ebions.

Temur doiaSvilis azriT futuristebis mTavari miRweva

zaumuri enis Seqmna iyo. ganusazRvreli bgeriTi emociebidan
saxisken. swored es mxare aiTvises qarTvelma futuristebma
da, viTarca niWierma Segirdebma, Seqmnes erovnul fesvebze
morgebuli, qarTul folklorsa (Selocva, gaTvla, alogi-
kuri sityvaTSeTanxmebebi, sityvaTqmnadoba) da harmoniul
bgerwerasTan miaxloebuli disharmoniuli leqsebi. (doiaS-
vili 2012: 295)
`miRebulia, rom Selocvas `barbarosuli gaugebroba’’
unda axldes. yvelaze `gamWrel“ teqstebadac swored abraka-
dabruli, anu bundovani Sinaarsis mqone Selocvebi miiCneo-
da“ (`alisasa malisasa“) (metreveli 2017). am tipis leqsia si-
mon Ciqovanis `cira“:

228
 bade baidebs,
bude baidebs,
cira muxlebze gulfiltvs daidebs,
cira ciba, cira warbi,
cira wabli, warbenili.
(Ciqovani `cira“ 2007:7)

es leqsi mTlianad aso-bgerebiT warmoqmnil asociaci-

ebzea aSenebuli. am leqsis teqstualuri mxaris evfonia na-
wilobriv agebulia sityvaze `abdaubda“. TiTqos am leqsis
gasaRebi sityva aris `abdaubda“ anda misi variacia `ablabu-
da“. `b“ da `d“ Tanxmovani yvela `roSaruli“ sityvis fuZe-
Sia: bade, baidebs, bude, baidebs, daidebs, aida-baidebs, aido,
baidebs, odeliodo, ude, baidebs, abadia, obadebi, obobamde
da a.S. sxvaTa Soris sityva `obobac“ da `ablabudac“ xSiria si-
mon Ciqovanis leqsebSi, TiTqos mianiSnebs sityvaze `abdaubda“.
sagulisxmoa, rom es leqsi 1925 wliT aris daTariRebuli
da komunisturi periodis simon Ciqovanis leqsebis krebulSi
ar Sedis, Tumca aris meore leqsi msgavsi saxelwodebiT, `ci-
ras paemani“, sadac msgavsi istoriaa moTxrobili, mxolod im
gansxvavebiT, rom ena aseTi bundovani araa. ciras motacebac
mxolod natvraa da ara axdenili ambavi:

cira ciras paemani

odeliodo bude, cxeni rom myavdes mogitacebdi,

odeliodo ca, Cemi qurana da Zmakacebi
mdinaris piras cxenebis mocda. Sors nabadaSi gagaqrolebdiT

curavs zRvaSi camebuli axla ra SemrCa? navi gviani

gemebs moaqvs Tvals eCxireba daisis wkira,
ialqanze cabokoni xan monanave neli niavi
(Ciqovani 2007: 7) (Ciqovani 1960: 356)

meore leqsi 1939 wliTaa daTariRebuli. saerTod simon

Ciqovanis poezias axasiaTebs msgavsi Temebis variaciebi. `ci-

229
ras paemani~ namdvilad ekuTvnis `ciras“ cikls. es erTi Temis
damuSavebaa.
msgavsi zaumuri eniT dawerili leqsia `mekameCeebis
urmuli“:
ei! do zor, Sara motoba, domumli.
naxSiris muxaSi
bRaoda muxaSi
kameCi uxeSi
talaxSi fuyeSi.

simon Ciqovanis inteleqtualuri lirikisTvis damaxa-

siaTebelia asociaciuri poeturi saxeebiT azrovneba.
sagulisxmoa, rom sityvisa da Sinaarsis dapirispirebis
miuxedavad, mainc SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda am ori cnebis erT-
maneTisgan sruli daSoreba. Tundac yvelaze bundovan leq-
sSic ki, ikiTxeba garkveeuli Sinaarsi.
futuristTa periodul gamocemaSi, nikoloz CaCavas re-
daqtorobiT, H2So4 1924-25 wlebSi daibeWda simon Ciqovanis
statia. naSromSi saTauriT `axali xelovnebis faqtebi“ mniS-
vnelovani adgili eTmoba nivTis gaazrebas. simon Ciqovanis
mtkicebiT, futuristulma frontma qarTul xelovnebaSi
pirvelad aRmoaCina nivTi. avtoris sityvebiT: `bgerebis
fiziologiamde dasvliT aramcTu movspeT Cven qarTuli xe-
lovneba, aramed gavacocxleT misi Zireuli gancda. primi-
tivi am formaluri meTodebis samuSao masala aris da ga-
davdivarT meore poliusze, romelic aris ultra xalxuri
gancda nivTis da moZraobis“.
simon Ciqovanis poeziisTvis damaxasiaTebelia nivTebiT
Jonglioroba:

mtkvarTan fiqrebi adre davTese

TmaSi WaRara gamCaRebia
da, viT peplebi Taflis sanTelze,
guls varskvlavebi ejaxebian.
(`guls varskvlavebi ejaxebian“.
Ciqovani 1960:148)
230
 pirveli damsaxureba simon Ciqovanisa qarTuli poeturi
`nivTieri velis“ mimarT isaa, rom man igi sagrZnoblad gaam-
didra axali saxeebiT, Semoitana iseTi yofieri nivTebi po-
eziaSi, romelic TiTqos zedmetni iyvnen da aubraloebdnen
poeziis arss, Tumca piriqiT ki aRmoCnda.

mzeze Spaleric vercxlis feria,

kata Tarodan dinjad cocdeba,
oTaxze wyevla Tu giweria,
nangrevTa xavsi ratom cocxldeba?!
(Ciqovani 1960:12)

es garkveulwilad urbanizaciis gavlenasac unda

mivaweroT:

xelT mipyria mawvniani qila,

msurs avaswro xaraCoze ciskars,
kiborCxala da barCxala dila
gomboris mTiT daacxreba isans.“
(`ori kide, TeleTi da wyneTi“.
Ciqovani 2007: 82)

leqsSi `niJaris saferfle“, yofiTi nivTi, xdeba nawarmo-

ebis mxatvruli samyaros centri. niJara, rogorc kolxidis
simbolo, `zRvauri“ zRvis patara namceci, romelic bedma
Seipyro da erT adgils miajaWva.
poets niJara amirans agonebs. erTi SexedviT sad amirani
da sad niJara? Semdeg strofSi aSkaravdeba kavSiri, niJara
mowyvetilia Tavisi samyofelidan da erT adgilzea mijaWvu-
li, da mis yurze midebisas ismis amiranis sulis simRera. es
niJara bebiis mosagonaricaa, bebia xom xSirad uyveboda ami-
ranze legendas Zilis win. niJara SfoTvis simbolocaa da
amitom ezizReboda igi bebias da amitom aRmoCnda niJara
sxvenze, xolo bebiis gardacvalebis Semdeg modis logikuri
dasasruli:

231
 CrdiliviT gagyva samyaro Zveli,
xalxur Tqmulebis sibrZnec kiafebs,
da Semobrunda legenda mTeli,
rac amiranis bedze miambe.
kolxida dadga didebiT zRvaze,
baRi moertya napirs olarad,
da devs saferfle Cems magidaze,
kolxur qarebis mosagonarad.
(`niJaris saferfle“. Ciqovani 1960: 237)

inga milorava werilSi `nivTis mxatvrul-esTetikuri

funqcia modernistul leqsSi“ wers: `SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
civilizaciis istoria garkveulwilad `nivTebis“ Seqmnis,
cvlilebebis, ganviTarebis da gaazrebis vrceli da idumale-
biT moculi ambavicaa, radgan `nivTebma“ uxsovar droSive
gadalaxes utilitaruli mniSvnelobis farglebi da SeiW-
rnen adamianis warmosaxvaSi, rogorc garkveuli ideis aRm-
niSvneli da esTetikuri Rirebulebis mqone mxatvruli
elementebi.“
nivTis gaazrebis mcdelobaa leqsSi `baraTebi“ sasiyva-
rulo werilebis irgvliv nel-nela ikveTeba mxatvruli qso-
vili, viTardeba movlenebi da baraTebi gamoxataven nawar-
moebis ideas, esTetikur koncefcias:

me gTxove da damibrune baraTebi,

Cemi fiqriT nakvebi da saTuTebi,
da Tu uwin im furclebSi anaTebdi,
damibrune, rogorc yalbi sabuTebi.
(Ciqovani 1960:175)

am leqsSi nivTi gvxvdeba, rogorc baraTebi kravs kavSirs

awmyosa da warsuls Soris.

Sevwuxdi da warsuls iWvi mivaSuqe,

baraTebi Sembralda da Cavikone,

232
 Sig yvaoda aprili da siWabuke,
da Seni xmac baraTidan gavigone.
(Ciqovani `baraTebi“ 1960:175)

esaa xsovnis, biografiuli drois `nivTieri“ gamoxatule-

ba. leqsSi mTeli azrobrivi datvirTva baraTebze gadadis:
`furclebs gahyva vardebi da balaxebi, erT werilSi soflis
mTvarec kiafobda, megobrebi davkarge Tu baraTebi, Tu Cems
aprils xidze qari miafrenda“.
ganivTebulia azrovneba: `ver Sevavse mogonebis karadebi,
mivxure da karebs fiqri mivaluqe.“ fiqri, rogorc boqlomi
da karadebi, rogorc raRac SigTavsis, saTavsos mimaniSne-
beli. mogonebis baraTebi, rogorc zRapruli adgili oc-
nebebiT Seqmnili `nivTi“ Tavisi grZnobadi veliT, romelic
or adamians akavSirebs da mxolod maT ekuTvnis patara dafa-
ruli saidumlo walkoti. nivTi romelic mtvirTvelia daf-
aruli fiqrebisa, inaxavs kocnas, simReras, saTuT fiqrebs.
xSiria simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebaSi nivTebi, romlebic
martivi funqciis matarebelia da dekoris, samkaulis fun-
qciiT gamodian mxolod, Tumca leqsis saidumlos gaxsnaSi
am patara detalsac Tavisi adgili aqvs: `weros budeSi svel-
deba kvercxi, mec uxmo fiqrebs misvelebs Tqori“ (`es sauba-
ri SevwyvitoT wuTiT“) weros kvercxi, rogorc uxmo fiqrebi
da ratom wero? esec saintereso arCevania. weros mxatvruli
saxe simon Ciqovanis sxva leqsSic gvxvdeba:

giZRven WaRaris pirveli Rero -

me STagonebis mWirdeba xarji,
budeSi myavdi frTxiala wero,
gadafrindi da zRvis piras darCi.....
gaSale Seni frTis Cero,
zRvispireTidan miTxari rame.
sada xar, sada, mofrindi, wero,
Seni bumbuliT gamaTbe Rame.
(`roca TbilisSi“, Ciqovani1960:168-169)
233
 `wero“ aris simon Ciqovanis poeturi muza, STagonebis
wyaro. es mistikuri frinvelia, romelsac siaxle moaqvs da
misi bude ar unda dacarieldes. `wero“, poetisTvis aris misi
leqsis gasaRebi. `lerwami da wero“ (`tbasTan“) Casaxvis axlis
qmnadobis, sicocxlis akvani.
yoveli leqsi simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebaSi TiTqos sag-
nebis istoriaa. am nivTebiT Cven Semoqmedis saganTa muze-
umis Tanaziarni vxdebiT. `saTvale“, `mzesumzirebi“, `Zve-
li saaTi“, romelic akavSirebs awmyosa da warsuls, saaTi,
romelsac
aRniSnuli aqvs mravali weli...
Cemi siyrme da leqsis gaCena,
mamis wuTebi ukanaskneli,
ros civdeboda misi marjvena.
(`Zveli saaTi“, Ciqovani 1960:193)

simon Ciqovanis leqsebi nivTebis amgvari aRqmiT Zalian

uaxlovdeba SinaarsiT patara moTxrobebs. `dis darguli
unabi“ rogor ganicdis patronis dakargvas da rogorc crem-
lebi ise cviva misi nayofebi mwife. `broweuli pitiaxSebis
samareze“ sadac mTavari `gmiri“ nivTia – samajuri, rogorc
maradiulobis simbolo.
sagnebi gasulierebulia, nivTebs adamianis Tvisebebi aqvT
zogierT SemTxvevaSi: `da yurs gvigdebda buxari Tbili me-
ocnebe da pirdaRebuli“.
urbanizaciis Sedegad Semosul nivTebsac Tavisi adgili
uWiravs simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi: `hidroplani da mebaRe“,
`fermaSi“, `meSaxtis sityva“.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom marTalia Teoriul
naazrevSi `nivTis“ cneba unda yofiliyo bundovani axali ti-
pis poeziaSi da mas moZraoba unda gamoexata da asociaciuri
intuitiuri azrovneba win unda wamosuliyo, magram amis das-
turi mxolod ramdenime leqsSi Tu SeimCneva. es axali misia
`nivTisa“ mxolod Teoriul naazrevad darCa, Tumca dasturi
imisa, rom es Teoria praqtikaSi SeiZleba ganxorcielebu-
234
liyo aris is ramdenime leqsi, romelic simon Ciqovanis mier
futuristul stilSia dawerili. `nivTis“ unda dacliliyo
Sinaarsisgan, gaTavisuflebuliyo misgan, es iyo mizani, ro-
melic nawilobriv ganxorcielda kidec. Tumca, rogorc vna-
xeT nivTi tradiciuli saxiTac sainteresodaa warmodgeni-
li simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi.
simon Ciqovani Semoqmedebis dasawyisSi sxva futuriste-
bis msgavsad ebrZoda sityvisa da azris kavSirs, axal da-
jgufebas gadawyvetili hqonda sityvisTvis daebrunebinaT
Tavdapirveli sixalase da pirvelyofileba. es gamoixate-
boda ideiT TviTmyofadi sityvis Sesaxeb. sityva, rogorc
axali nivTi, romlis aRqmac ar moiTxovs da ar sWirdeba war-
movidginoT am sityviT aRniSnuli Sinaarsi. futuristebi
materiad aqcevdnen asoebs da bgerebs bergsonisa da kroCes
intuitiuri azrovnebis safuZvelze. Tumca grkveuli poli-
tikuri garemoebebidan gamomdinare am axal mimarTulebas
didxans ar uarsebia. da es eqsperimentuli laboratoriac
`sityva msaxi xelovnebisa“ male gauqmda.
poetis gataceba futurizmiT da futurizmis ZiriTadi
debulebebi poetis Semoqmedebas emCneva bolomde. asea mag-
aliTad sagnis mimarT damokidebulebisas. `nivTis“ gageba
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi gvevlineba ara, rogorc gageba ab-
straqtuli cnebisa, romelic upirispirdeba abstraqtul
Semecnebis process da mis subieqts, aramed socialuri
qmedebis produqti, romlis konkretuli formebi ganisaz-
Rvreba adamianuri urTierTobebis istoriis konteqstSi da
ar gvevlineba raRac bunebriv mocemulobad, romelsac mxo-
lod unda SevewyoT da avsaxoT isini xelovnebis nimuSebSi.
poetis SemoqmedebaSi cxaddeba nivTebis mimarT intuici-
uri damokidebuleba, radgan intuiciuri, instiqturi az-
rovneba swrafia da Seesabameba cxovrebis saCqaris kanonebs.
simon Ciqovanis poezia qmnis nivTebis unikalur koleqcias,
romeli asaxavs Tanamedrove adamianis yofas.

235
 damowmebani:

avaliani 2016: avaliani l. `qarTuli futurizmi“. literaturuli Zie-

bani. XXXVII. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2016.
vladiv gloveri 2009: vladiv-gloveri s. modernistuli nivTi, ro-
gorc sxva. misamarTi: http://www.mattesonart.com/the-object-as-other-in-modern-
ism.aspx
doiaSvili 2012: doiaSvili T. `leqsis fonika~. litmcodneobis Sesava-
li. SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti. Tbilisi: 2012.
milorava 2009: milorava i. `nivTis“ mxatvrul-esTetikuri funq-
cia modernistul teqstSi~. litmcodneobis Tanamedrove problemebi
(meore saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, masalebi, meore nawili). Tbilisi: Tsu
gamomcemloba, 2009. www.nplg.gov.ge/gsdl/cgi-bin/library
paiWaZe 2017: paiWaZe T. `zaumi“ – lingvisturi eqsperimentidan art-
tendenciisken~. sjani, 18 (qarTuli samecniero Jurnali literaturis
Teoriasa da komparativistul literaturaSi) Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcem-
loba, 2017.
paiWaZe 2009: paiWaZe T. `fsiqikis revoluciidan – futuristul Ra-
meebamde~. litmcodneobis Tanamedrove problemebi 2009: litmcodneo-
bis Tanamedrove problemebi (meore saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, meore
nawili). Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2009, www.nplg.gov.ge/gsdl/cgi-bin/li-
brary
paiWaZe 2009: paiWaZe T. literaturaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove prob-
lemebi. Tbilisi: 2009.
yifiani 2006: yifiani m. unda mepovna ucxo napiri: futurizmi qarTul
literaturaSi da simon Ciqovanis poeturi gza. Tbilisi: `SoTa rusTave-
lis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis instituti“, 2006.
Ciqovani 1960: Ciqovani s. leqsebi poema. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sab-
WoTa saqarTvelo“ 1960.
Ciqovani 2007: Ciqovani s.100 leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `intele-
qti“, 2007.
1910-1920-iani wlebis Jurnalebi 2011: 1910-1920-iani wlebis Jurnale-
bi. galaqtion tabiZis Jurnali. literatura da sxva. memarcxeneoba. mo-
qmedeba. arifioni. meoTxe wigni. Tbilisi: 2011.

236
 zoia cxadaia

sikvdil-sicocxlis aspeqtebi simon Ciqovanis

omisdroindel lirikaSi

hitleruli germaniis sabWoTa kavSirze TavdasxmiT am or

saxelmwifos Soris gaCaRebul oms stalinma didi samamulo
omi uwoda. Tanamedrove istorikosTa sityviT, 1812 wlis
omis samamulo omad aRiarebis precendenti ukve arsebobda
da am saxelwodebis marTlzomierebaSi Tavis droze ruseT-
Si eWvi aravis Seutania, umaRlesma sabWoTa mmarTvelebma,
pirvel rigSi ki stalinma, germaniasTan omi imTaviTve sama-
mulo omad gamoacxdes; mkvlevarTa mier dadgenilia, rom
`termini `samamulo omi~ ar gvxvdeba saerTaSoriso enebze
gamocemul arc erT solidur leqsikonSi (maT Soris ameri-
kul, germanul, frangul, italiur da sxv.): aRsaniSnavia, rom
am enebze ar arsebobs samamulo omis arc enciklopediuri
ganmarteba. rusuli enis leqsikoni ki am cnebis aseT defi-
nicias iZleva: `samamulo omi – samarTliani omi mamulis
(Отечество) Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis ucxoel
dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg~ (leqsikoni ... 1958; damowmebulia naS-
romSi janeliZe ... 2010: 483). maTive (mkvlevarTa) ganmartebiT,
`qarTvelebi da sabWoTa kavSiris sxva xalxebi Cven SegviZlia
miviCnioT omSi uSualod Cabmuli xalxebis mokavSireebad da
erTiani msoflio antifaSisturi banakis Rirseul warmomad-
genlebad~ janeliZe ... 2010: 487), Tumca imasac aRniSnaven, rom
sabWoTa saxelmwifoSi dapyrobis gziT moxvedril patara
saqarTvelos sxva gamosavali ar hqonda.
aseve qarTvel mkvlevars, v. rcxilaZes, saqarTvelo II
msoflio omSi `CaTreul~ qveynad miaCnda. misi SeniSvniT,
omis periodSi bevri qarTveli jariskaci, umetesad muSaTa da
glexTagan gamosulebi, Tavs `sabWoTa patriotad~ aRiqvamda.
isini, ra Tqma unda, `borotebas ebrZodnen~, magram, saboloo
jamSi, xsenebuli omi istoriis ironia da qarTveli xalxis
237
tragedia iyo. `sxvis omSi, satanuri imperiebis droSis qveS,
saqarTvelos Svilebi Tavs wiravdnen da maTi ZvlebiT mofe-
nilia ukidegano ruseTis, germaniis da sxva qveynebis miwebi~
(rcxilaZe 2001: 5-9).
II msoflio omis dawyebam saqarTvelo umZimesi gansac-
delis winaSe daayena. armiaSi gaiwvies 700 aTasi kaci, respub-
likis mosaxleobis TiTqmis mexuTedi.. iqidan naxevarze meti
aRar dabrunebula. cxadia, qarTuli mwerloba gulgrili
ver darCeboda saerTo gansacdelis mimarT. totalitaruli
sistema ki Tavad karnaxobda mwerlobas, ra da rogor unda
eweraT. omis pirvelive dReebSi gaz. `literaturul saqa-
rTveloSi~ mowodebis xmad gaisma: `sabrZolo leqsiT unda
gamovides dRes mwerali gazeTebis furclebze, warmoebeb-
Si, kolmeurneobebSi, wiTeli armiis nawilebSi. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi man samwerlo kalami unda Sescvalos sabrZolo
iaraRiT. dRes ufro metad, vidre odesme, gvesaWiroeba mai-
akovskis tipis mwerali, romelic Tavisi kalmiT udides
saqmes akeTebda revoluciis sakeTildReod. sabWoTa mwe-
ralma ara marto Tavis TavSi und ganaviTaros, aramed yvela
sabWoTa moqalaqes unda ganuviTaros Tavganwiruli patri-
otizmisa da uSiSari mebrZolos maRali moraluri Tvisebebi,
gautexavi sulieri simtkice, Seudrekeli Sromisa da brZo-
lis unari.
sabWoTa mwerlis kalams dRes sxva daniSnuleba ar unda
hqondes, garda erTi daniSnulebisa – socialisturi samSob-
losaTvis Tavdacvis cecxliT aRinTos yoveli sabWoTa mo-
qalaqe~ (`literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 1941, 10.VII).
omis wlebSi mravali poeturi nawarmoebi Seqmnes galak-
tion tabiZem, aleqsandre abaSelma, ioseb griSaSvilma, gior-
gi leoniZem, simon Ciqovanma, kolau nadiraZem, alio mirc-
xulava-maSaSvilma, raJden gvetaZem, irakli abaSiZem, grigol
abaSiZem, Salva afxaiZem, viqtor gabeskiriam da sxv. axalgaz-
rda poetebma: aleko Sengeliam, lado asaTianma, mirza gelo-
vanma, revaz margianma, aleqsandre sajaiam, severian isianma,
ioseb noneSvilma, xuta berulavam, andro TevzaZem, Teimuraz
238
jangulaSvilma, murman lebaniZem, lado sulaberiZem, oTar
WeliZem, vladimer ubilavam da sxv.
poeziis TiTqmis gabatonebul Temad iqca `sabWoTa sam-
Soblos~ Tema, misTvis Tavdadebisa da gmirobis mowodeba.
omis dawyebidan erT TveSi gamoica qarTveli poetebis kre-
buli, romelic gamsWvaluli iyo swored mowodebis paTosiT.
mas maleve mohyva meore wignic. omis Tematikas pirvel wlebSi
ufro lirikuli poezia gamoxatavda. igi swrafad mihyveboda
movlenebs da, umeteswilad, ver gascda deklaraciulobas,
erTsaxovan, erTferovan stils~ (cxadaia 2006: 47-48).
partia da xelisufleba yvelas da, gansakuTrebiT `mowi-
nave mwerlebs~, avaldebulebdnen SeeqmnaT sabrZolo su-
liskveTebis gamomxatveli lirikuli teqstebi. Tu omis da-
sawyisSi moiTxovdnen mowodebis xmas poeziaSi, Semdeg ukve,
saomari mdgomareobis mixedviT, icvleboda es paTosi, adami-
anebis edavod did tragedias mwerali unda gamoxmaureboda
zemodan miTiTebuli SabloniT, deklarirebuli paTetikiT.
1941 wlis ivnis-ivlisis TveebSi mowodebis xmad gaisma
galaktion tabiZis, ioseb griSaSvilis, aleqsandre abaSelis,
giorgi leoniZis, irakli abaSiZis da sxv. lirikuli teqste-
bi. gamarjvebis rwmenas gamoxatavda simon Ciqovanis `mamuls
vuTxraT gamarjveba~ (1941, VIII) – aRiarebuli poeturi teq-
sti im droisaTvis da. zogadad, II msoflio omis Temaze
daweril lirikaSi:

mteri mtrulad daisajos,

erTic veRar gadarCeba,
stalinis guls gaumarjos,
mamuls vuTxraT gamarjveba.

1963 wlis gamocemaSi (s. Ciqovani Txzulebani, t. I) `stali-

nis guls~ Seicvala da mis nacv;ad ikiTxeba `mamulis guls~
(msgavsi cvlilebebi sxva poetebis teqstebSic gvxvdeba).
simon Ciqovani, rogorc misi yvela Tanamokalme, bolomde,
omis damTavrebamde exmaureboda am Temas, Tumca, isic unda
239
aRiniSnos, rom poetma SeZlo gulwrfeli, gulis nakarna-
xevi saTqmeli eTqva, kacobriobis Tavsdatexili ubedureba
sikvdil-sicocxlis maradiuli Widilis tragikul movlenad
mieRo da Rrmad adamianuri sedvaCamdgari mzeriT ganeWvri-
ta mZime realoba. cnobilia, rom mweralTa brigadebi xSirad
Cadiodnen CrdiloeT kavkasiis frontze, yirimSi da sxv. iq
nanaxi, gancdili, gulSi gamotarebuli sityviT gamouxatavs.
ase Seqmnila misi, SeiZleba iTqvas, CrdilSi darCenili leq-
sebi (`daWrili~, `gamosaTxovari~, `ori saflavi~, `mitove-
buli saxl-kari~, `sizmari~, `mzesumzirebi~ da sxv.), romleb-
Sic ar iyo is paTetika da omaxiani xma, rasac droeba iTxovda,
arada, swored am teqstebSi Cans, dRevandeli gadasaxedidan,
is tkivilebi, is wuxili, is saSineleba, rasac nebismieri omi
iwvevs nebismier keTilgonier da. miT umetes, Semoqmed adami-
anSi, lirikosebSi.
omSi male gamoCndnen pirveli gmirebi, romelTac Segnebu-
lad Seswires Tavi qveyanas. aseTi iyo sabWoTa kavSiris pir-
veli gmiri gastelo. is icavda Tavis mamuls. simon Ciqovani
leqss uZRvnis `gmirulad daRupul mfrinav gastelos~. Sem-
deg da Semdeg bevri gmiric gamoCnda da bevric daiwera maTze…
...poetis naTqvami gulwrfeli tkivilis gamoxatvaa axalgaz-
rda kacis tragikuli sikvdilis gamo, magram koniunqturis-
Tvis mainc ase unda daiwyos:

mamulisaTvis sicocxle daswvi

da mters argune samaris nisli.
mxolod SeiZlebs sabWoTa kaci,
agre dasZlios sikvdili Tvisi.
(1941 w.)

1942 weli. gazafxuli. poeti isev frontis stumaria. qar-

Tvel mweralTa brigadebi xvdebian meomrebs, maT Soris arian
gardacvlileb ic da daWrilebic, romelTac jer kidev aqvT
gadarCenis imedi. iqneba mxatvruli narkvevebi, publicis-
turi werilebi, leqsebi. simon Ciqovanis erT-erTi leqsi,
240
`daWrili~, am dros iwereba. qarTveli jariskaci, sikvdil-si-
cocxlis gasayarze myofi, `mamulis trfiali~ da `wyluliT
natkeni~ (`wyluli atirebs myvirala irems~), wevs da mSobli-
uri molandebiT, sayvareli qalis gaxsenebiT iadvilebs kri-
tikul wuTebs. aq ar Cans sagangebol gamokveTili emociebi.
es agoniaSi myofi vaJkacis bunebrivi, Cveulebrivi da mZime
gancdebia:

me erTi cremli mergeba, vici,

spetaki cremli axlobel qalis.
velze mitirebs qurana kvici
da susxiani kolxuri qari.

buded iqceva Cemi sagule,

Crdils damafarebs myinvaris Txemi.
da Tu galoba ver davasrule,
sxvam daasrulos simRera Cemi.

isev is gazafxuli. 1942 weli. xriokadqceuli vel-mind-

vrebi. isev momakvdavi jariskacis pirispir, romelsac vera-
fers Svelis da arc araferi eSveleba. poetis gulistkivili
poeziad iqceva, leqsad amo-iTqmeba umweobis gadasafaravad,
saoxad imisa, rom uZluria sikvdilis, `yovelTa damamxobe-
lis~ winaSe. meomris erovneba, am SemTxvevaSi, gaurkvevelia,
mniSvneloba ar aqvs amjerad, vin aris igi, sadauri, faqtia,
rom axalgazrda kaci kvdeba. mere ra, rom omia d omSi kvde-
bian. amis Segneba, es morali ar Svelis adamians, poets, ro-
melic xedavs sikvdilTan sicocxlis amao da ukanasknel
gabrZolebas. `gamosaTxovari~, rogorc leqss hqvia, liri-
kuli gmiris uTqmeli, dardad gayolili fiqrebia, romelsac
monologis saxiT aTqmevinebs avtori:

me momakvdavi, viweqi CrdilSi,

veTxovebodi cxovrebas, mwiri.
ver gavigone meuRlis viSi
da ar myofnida bermuxis Crdili.

241
 Soreuli xma Sinaurs hgavda,
Soreuls hgavda Tvalwin dobiri,
sikvdils simRera bWyalebSi hyavda.
simRera – Cemi tkbili dobili.

baRSi yvavili nacnobs vamgvane,

mxolod ver gavxdi yvavilis Rirsi.
me meucxova Cemi akvani,
sad artaxiviT mexvia nisli...

... mwvavda, mdagavda wyluli ficxeli,

suls miwuxebda gamxmari buCqi
da dasasruli agre vigrZeni
da bedisweras vebrZodi urCi.

uSualo TanagrZnobiT, mZime mwuxarebiT da emociis Ses-

aferisad daxvewili poeturi stiliT (amaRlebuli tragi-
kulobis gamomxatveli) iwereba simon Ciqovanis `leSkaSelis
sikvdili~ (1943 w.), romlis TviTmxilvelic yofila, baqsanis
napirze daRupul mraval qarTvel vaJkacTa Soris leSkaS-
eli erT-erTi iyo. leqsis mxatvrul efeqts qmnis gancdis
sagrZnobi uSualoba, mkiTxvelsac Tanamoziared rom gagx-
dis... aseve – daxvewili sariTmo sityvebi, smenisTvis advilad
aRsaqmeli, faqizad gawyobili keTilxmovaneba (aliteraciebi):

baqsanis napirze mec suli movagde,

velze dalewili iwva leSqaSeli.
Turme mters gadaRma kafavda dilamde,
ojaxis burji da mamulis maSveli.

naRmiT damsxvreoda mravali saxsari,

sikvdili swveoda, sikvdili bediTi.
man simwriT CabRuja balaxi baqsanis,
miTxra, miSveleo... rogor vuSvelidi!

242
 rogor mxiblaveno mTebi daferili,
ra TeTrad elavTo, mTebo sanatrelo,
TiTqo afrebia caze gafenili,
afrebis miRmaa Cveni saqarTvelo.

wyali moiTxova, peSviT mivutane,

ar damxvda cocxali, suli daleoda,
veRar mivuswari, veRar vanetare,
mokvda leSkaSeli, aRar dameloda.

me SemrCa es wyali, viT grZnoba cocxali,

ra fuWad meRvreba wiTeli mocxari.
velze asvenia meomris cxedari.
Turme Zma myolia da igi momikles...

rogor mecnaura sikvdilis wuTebic,

mTis erTi budidan movediT orive...

`samaradiso dideba gmirebs, romlebic daecnen mamulisaT-

vis brZolaSi~, – am mowodebiT miagebda pativs xelisufleba
daRupul meomerbs, gansakuTrebulad Tavganwirulebs... ma-
gram ra iyo is `dideba~ da `pativi~ im TavganwirulTaTvis?!
es iyo sityva axali Tavdadebulebis gasamxneveblad. yvelaze
metad maTi gmiroba, tragedia da xsovna im poetur teqstebs
SemounaxavT, romlebic im dros, im qar-cecxlSi iwereboda,
maT Soris, simon Ciqovanis am da sxva leqsebSi; kiTxulob am
striqonebs Svidi aTeuli wlis Semdeg da cxadad, xedav ce-
cxliT gadabugul vel-mindvrebze poets, mgloviare Wir-
isufals, romelic swored Wiris gamoTqmiT uZlebda mZime
suraTebs; yubanSi dawerili leqsi `yubanis velze~ (1944) erT-
erT aseT tragikul suraTs warmosaxavs. epigrafad minaweri
iuwyeba: `samasi qarTveli sabWoTa meomris saflavi sofel
kalabatkasTan~ (ar viciT, maTi gvar-saxelebi mainc Tu iyo
cnobili); samasi aragveli icis saqarTvelos istoriam, sama-
si yubaneli qarTveli jariskacis saZmo saflavi ki simon Ci-
243
qovanis am leqsma Semoinaxa warmosaxvisaTvis, gaxsenebisaT-
vis, wuTiT mainc, roca dainteresebuli mkiTxveli Caxedavs
am striqonebs:

... Camesma, rogorc yiJini,

balaxis sunTqva mdeloze,
saflavi saflavs mijrili
fiqrs wnavda saqarTveloze...

... frTebi maqvs dardiT SeWrili,

varams odiTgan vmalavdi!
ofliT nakvebi jejili
Srialebs pontis karamdi.

yubanis yanas vdarajob,

velze eSveba ivnisi.
hgavs moxril dedas yayaCo,
kaba acvia yirmizi.

yayaCos cecxli hqonia,

mimwuxrSi elavs mdeloze.
da ambavs mkiTxavs, mgonia,
sayvarel saqarTveloze,

am dros ukve dawerili lado asaTianis `krwanisis yayaCoebi~...

simon Ciqovanis yayaCo amis asociacias iwvevs, magram sxva
emociuri datvirTviT: dardiT dapataravebuli, moxrili
dedis metaforuli iersaxiT; deda, rogorc sicocxlis su-
lisdgma meomari SvilebisaTvis, maRalmxatvruli efeqtiT
warmosaxa simon Ciqovanma Tavis erT-erT popularul leqs-
Si `qarTveli deda~ (1942). TavisTavad mSvenieri es poeturi
teqsti gmirebis gamzrdeli istoriuli winapris gaxsenebaa,
cxra vaJkaci rom Seswira samSoblos. axla, am etapze mowo-
debad am Rirseuli dedis xma iyo saWiro (winaparTa amgvari
saxeebi qarTul poeziaSi aseTi SemTxvevebisTvis daSvebuli
244
iyo, Torem swored am wels dauwunes lado asaTians wigni `wi-
naprebi~, ra dros winaprebiao)...

wamomdgari leCaqs gadmoisvris,

goris cixiT axlac uxmobs mxedars:
– mamulisTvis, brZola mamulisTvis! –
qarSi rekavs saqarTvelos deda.

leqsebSi `amanaTi~, `amanaTze minaweri~ ki meomarTa im sax-

is dedebzea saubari, romlebic uZilo Rameebs windebisa da
xelTaTmanebis qsovaSi atarebdnen, rom Soreul miwaze mebr-
Zol SvilebisTvis gaegzavnaT:

amanaTia walkoti dedis,

TviTeul mSobels Sig udevs wili,
mebrZolTan erTad brZolaSi Sedis
da dedis Tvali mihyveba wyvili.
(`amanaTi~, 1941)

yvela amanaTi erTnairad savsea dedis siTboTi da `lu-

li Camqrali keriis cecxlze~ dardiT (metafora – omiT
Seqmnili umZimesi situaciisa jariskacTa ojaxebSi), maT un-
da mouTxron Svilebs `gumani dedis, aavson isini mSobliuri
alersiT:

daxvewil Zafze yasnaRis qrolvam

javSans amgvana Seni saTburi.
dedis da debis erTgulma Sromam
agre moqarga baRi qarTuli.

ojaxma grZnoba moqsova saTno,

umzers Sen mier gamozrdil saros.
da dedis Tvali, saTno da farTo
hgavs ukvdavebis avsebul wyaros...
(`amanaTze minaweri~, 1941)
245
 isev konkretuli saxelebi. isev daRupulebi. amjerad
maCxaneli da tabiZe. yayaCoebiT ayvavebuli maTi saflavebi
sagangebod mounaxavs poets. fxvier miwaze maTi gvarebic
amouWria da yubanis miwas Txovs, rom Tbili da msubuqi iyos
am vaJkacebisaTvis.

netav yayaCo ras hkivis?

egeb mkurnalobs iaras.
yayaCoa Tu askili,
mzem zRvaze gadibriala!

javri ar darCaT visime,

ar CaqrobiaT naTeli.
yubanis miwav, mismine,
gebaros ori qarTveli.

wvanan zRvaSi Tu balaxSi,

mteri damiwda samiwe.
ver isveneben saflavSi
maCxaneli da tabiZe.

CrdiloeT kavkasiis frontze (1942 w.), gzispirad eqi-

mi qalis saflavis xilva kidev erTi tkivilia poeturi
warmosaxvisaTvis. gulwrfelia mimarTva, roca ityvis: `sama-
rea Tu gulis naprali, / vin mogizoma, dao, saflavi~. simon
CiqovanisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamorCeuli adamianuri
siTbo da siyvaruli igrZnoba mis yovel naTqvamSi da am
SemTxvevaSic:

sad dagrCa Seni TeTri xalaTi,

ar elavs Seni TeTri kbilebi,
saflavze cvari mefobs maradi
da qvaze sxedan lokokinebi...

`maradi cvari~ – poeturi Strixi StambeWdavi xilvebisaT-

vis Tu tragikulis SegrZneba, rasac es saxilvelebi – `mara-
diuli cvari~ da `lokokinebi~ iwveven...
246
 Semzaravia mitovebuli saxl-karis xilva poetisaTvis... Aam-
jerad mniSvneloba ar aqvs, visia es wiflis saxl-kari, tyispi-
ras... oms rom dauqcevia da mnaxvelis TanagrZnobas iTxovs.
es aris uxmo suraTi, uZravi da uferado, CaRamebuli. saxli-
sa da misi mobinadris (zogadad, adamianTa) tragedia leqsSi
gamoTqmulia simon Ciqovanis gamorCeuli poeturi sazome-
biT, rac ufro srulyofs teqstis mxatvrul efeqts:

arc mamali da arc kata,

mdumarebdnen rtodaxrili wiflebi.
ezos brZola gadelaxa
da erT TveSi mieRwia siberemdi.
(`mitovebuli saxl-kari~, 1942)

mravali aseTi suraTi da gulwrfeli sevda Semounaxavs

simon Ciqovanis am wlebis lirikas, Tundac – gelenjikSi, gad-
amwvar ezoSi, erTaderTi gadarCenili qliavis xe (rogorc
udabnoSi eulad darCenili palmis xe, simbolo sicocxlisa).
iqve daWrili, mSier-mwyurvali mxedari:

rogorc daWrilis pirveli xvedri,

rogorc bunebis wminda dedani,
es xe grigalSi mReroda erTi,
da omSi nayofs krefda mxedari.

daWril xels maRla msubuqad swevda,

guls ver akrTobda Wurvis griali,
da aqarvebdnen sofelze sevdas
meomari da Savi qliavi.

aseTsave ganwyobas qmnian sikvdiliT Zleuli saxilvelebi,

romlebic gvxvdeba leqsebSi: `jamis namsxvrevebi~, `sizmari~,
`mzesumzirebi~ da sxv. SesaniSnavi aliteraciebiT.

moumkel yanas aWrelebs Wvavi,

rogor mompala Calis Zirebi.

247
 ra gulsakavad yrantalebs yvavi,
mzes ar umzeren mzesumzirebi.

simon Ciqovanze Seqmnil literaturul portretSi guram

asaTiani werda: `mkafiod gamovlenili Sinagani inteleqtu-
alizmi, romelic poetis SemoqmedebiTi bunebis damaxasiaTe-
beli Tvisebaa, aramc da aramc ar auqmebs mis poeziaSi emoci-
uri simZafrisa da dramatizmis elementebs~... (asaTiani 1983:
200). swored emociuri simZafrisa da dramatizmis erTianoba
Cans mocemul SemTxvevaSi. sanimuSo teqstebi sayuradReboa
ara mxolod imanenturobiT, aramed poetur-gamomsaxvelobi-
Ti TvalsazrisiTac. maT naTlad atyviaT simon Ciqovanis po-
eturi xelweris kultura.

damowmebani:

asaTiani 1983: asaTiani g. `simon Ciqovani~. Tanamdevi sulebi. Tbilisi:

`merani~, 1983.
leqsikoni ... 1958: Словарь русского языка. т. II. Москва.: Издательство
`Азбуковник”, 1958.
rcxilaZe 2001: rcxilaZe v. qarTvelebi germanuli droSis qveS II
msoflio omSi. Tbilisi: 2001.
cxadaia 2006: cxadaia z. `epoqoseuli recepciebi da qarTuli liri-
ka (1930-1940-iani wlebi)~. XX saukunis qarTuli lirikis istoriidan.
Tbilisi: `gamomcemloba `merani~, 2006.
janeliZe ... 2010: janeliZe o, SveliZe d. `meore msoflio Tu didi sa-
mamulo~. saerTaSoriso konferenciis – `totalitarizmi da literatu-
ruli diskursi~ – masalebi. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis gamom-
cemloba, 2010.

248
 Tamarela woworia

simon Ciqovanis „ cira“ – analizi

simon Ciqovanis „cira“ veriko anjafariZes eZRvneba. `1925

weli. ianvari. mogoneba~ – ase TariRdeba leqsi. qarTulma
poeziam icis leqsiT ukvdavyofili mSvenier qalTa dasi. ad-
resatebs xSirad siyvaruli SemouZRveba. es saxelebia: ana,
nino, ekaterine, meri, Tamunia.
„cira“, simon Ciqovanis qrestomaTiul-futuristuli
leqsi, mis sulier megobars, msaxiob veriko anjafariZes eZR-
vneba. cnobilia, rom veriko araerTi poetis muza gaxldaT.
isic cnobilia, rom verikos es leqsi Zlier uyvarda da xSir-
ad kiTxulobda. arsebobs aseTi mogoneba: saxelganTqmuli
veriko scenaze leqsebs kiTxulobda. masTan mivida gamxdari
da fermkrTali futristi mwerali simon Ciqovani. verikom
„ciras“ kiTxva daiwyo. darbazidan viRacam wamoiZaxa „qar-
Tulad, qalbatono, qarTulado“. veriko ar daibna, mibrunda
im batonsken da „tano tatano“ – kiTxva daiwyo. amiT sazoga-
doebas mianiSna, rom es leqsic „orkestraluri leqsalobis“
nimuSi iyo. besikis leqsebiT viyavi gatacebuli im dros, ix-
senebda Semdeg simoni, magram verikosTvis amis Sesaxeb ara-
sodes miTqvams, is Tavad mixvdao.
simon Ciqovani erTgan aseT rames Cawers: „marTalia, me
`tano tatanosa~ da `Savi SaSvis~ JReradobis principi iseT
ukiduresobamde miviyvane, rom male Segnebuli ukan daxevac
momixdao“. qarTuli mayureblisTvis veriko anjafariZis
scenaze TamaSi iyo sinatifisa da momxiblavobis simbolo.
leqsi „cirac“ misadmi poetis Tayvaniscemis gamoxatule-
baa. verikos rolebi iqca garduval epiTetebad. gavixsenoT
Tundac ioseb griSaSvilis „narnari, rogorc anjafariZe“.
verikos tragikulma niWma, organulad SeiTvisa qarTuli
klasikuri Teatris repertuari. araerTi poeti wuxda, rom
mas, (sanam oTaraanT qvrivs iTamaSebda), ar eTamaSa ivdiTisa
da ofelias badali saxe qarTveli qalisa. bunebrivi wuxilia
gamoxatuli amis gamo lado asaTianis leqsSi:
249
 mindoda erTi natvra menatra
da sanatreli isev Sena xar,
movmkvdariyav da am Cvens scenaze
Seni qarTveli qali menaxa.

simon Ciqovans aqvs aseTi striqoni: „werosavT wignSi

mdgari“. es striqonebi qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis miniSnebaa,
Tan poetis avtoportreticaa: inteligenturi garegnobis,
wignieri, xmel-xmeli kaci, bolo wlebSi lamis sifrifana,
gamWvirvale, iseTi, roca sxeulidan aSkarad Canda suli.
aseTi garegnuli sulierebac, poeturi niWis msgavsad,
gamorCeul adamianebs eZlevaT.
futurizmiT daiwyo. „mnaTobSi~ daibeWda poetis weri-
li, romlis mizani iyo mkiTxvelis momzadeba Jurnalis ga-
sacnobad. „saswrafo ganmarteba Jurnal H2SO4~, romelic
qarTveli futuristebis pirveli Teoriuli werilia. misi
ZiriTadi debuleba revoluciuri xelovnebis Seqmna iyo.
simon Ciqovani aRniSnavda, „forma“, romelic emsaxureba
gardasul epoqas, ar iyo misaRebi misi TanamedroveebisaT-
vis. H2SO4-is mizani iyo brZola Zveli formebis winaaR-
mdeg. „gogirdmJava wvavs yvelafers, rasac ki moxvdeba,
formis saxelwodeba, H2SO4, Cven gamogvadgeba brZolebis
pirvel sezonSi. Semdeg am saxelwodebis roli SeiZleba
amoiwuros.“futuristebis Jurnali principul da lamis
agresiul xasiaTs atarebda. Jurnali iyo sakuTari poziciis
damkvidrebis mcdeloba.
radikalurad ganwyobilni gamodian futuristebi lite-
raturul avancenaze da amasTanave, gulwrfelad darwmune-
bulnic, rom swored maTiT iwyeba axali era literaturul,
da zogadad, kulturul azrovnebaSi. futuristTa maqsima-
lizmi am mxriv, marTlac, saarako iyo. simon Ciqovani am dros
21 wlisaa. igi imTaviTve gamoCnda, rogorc qarTuli avan-
gardizmis ideologi. mas, nikoloz CaCavasTan erTad, fu-
turizmis aRiarebul metrad Tvlidnen. isic friad simpto-

250
maturia, miuxedavad am skolisadmi „rainduli erTgulebisa“,
swored simon Ciqovani iyo iniciatori, avangardistuli
„orTodoqsebis“ realizmisaken mobrunebisa.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom WeSmariti poeti ver eteva xolme
romelime mimarTulebis an stilis rkalSi. igi vercerTi
Teoriis (Tundac sakuTaris) pedantur aRmsruleblad ver
iqceva, radgan qmnis procesSi poeturi stiqia mainc Tavisas
gaitans. arc simon Ciqovani yofila orTodoqsi futuristi.
poetis adreuli leqsebis nawili futuristulia da
enaTesaveba v. xlenikovisa da a. kruCionixis poezias. poeti
maT msgavsad cdilobs nacionaluri masalis gaazrebas, qa-
rTuli sityvis siRrmeSi SeWras, koloritis dacvas. poeti
orkestrul leqsebad aRadgens bavSvobis STabeWdilebebs,
mexsierebas xmebad rom SerCenia. maT arqaulobis elferi
dahkravT, bundovani sityvebi nisliviT axveviaT da melan-
qoliur ganwyobasac aRZraven, rasac ase jiutad uaryofdnen
futurizmis ideologebi, – wers soso sigua.
futuristebis devizi iyo „poezia sityvebis gareSe“.
isini qmnidnen dematerializebul leqsebs. leqsi gadaiqca
grafikuli xazebis sistemad. H2SO4 Tavs esxmis qarTul kla-
sikur poezias da mis warmomadgenlebs. gadmonaSTad Tvlis
patriotizmis grZnobas, saqarTvelos warsuliT gatacebas.
saWiroa momavali saqarTvelos Zieba, – aRniSnavdnen isini.
Tavs esxmodnen sentimentalizms, naturalizms, romantizms,
dekadentur mimarTulebas. mtrulad iyvnen ganwyobilni sim-
bolistebis mimarT. win swevdnen sakuTar damsaxurebas, maTi
skolis mniSvnelobas. brZolas ucxadebdnen literaturis
sxva Janrebs. cdilobdnen romanis axali Janris dadgenas
da rasac isini romans uwodebdnen, mxolod calkeul Sexe-
dulebaTa demonstrirebas warmoadgenda. frangi dadaiste-
bis afrikuli leqsikonisa da rusi futuristebis „zaumuri“
metyvelebis msgavsad, qarTvelma futuristebma Seqmnes
individualuri poeturi ena. isini Tavisuflad eqceodnen
enobriv normebs. italieli futuristebis msgavsad, gamo-
acxades „zmnis gareSe moZraoba, sityvis inJineria, maTema-
251
tika“. winadadeba Seamokles maTematikuri niSnebiT. rusi
futuristebis msgavsad, mividnen sityvis lamis uaryofam-
dec. sityva bgerebis Tavmoyrad gamoacxades. moindomes misi
daSla da calkeuli bgerebis gamoTavisufleba. JurnalSi
warmodgenilia H2SO4-is e.w. qimiuri laboratoria. futu-
ristebs daumuSavebeli daxvdaT qarTuli anbanis, rogorc
grafikuloba, aseve sityvis mTeli buxhalteria: „H2SO4-is
laboratoriebi amuSaveben qarTuli xmis sxeulobasa da si-
tyvas“ (J. H2SO4.1924 weli. gverdi 29).
isini moiTxovdnen sagnisa da movlenis aRmniSvnel pir-
velsityvebis aRdgenas (intuiciiT). am mxriv, win swevdnen
xalxuri poeziis mniSvnelobas, magram primitiulad miiC-
nevdnen qarTli anbanis grafikas da qalaqis mravalxmovano-
bis gamosaxatavad bgerebis naklulovanebas sayvedurebdnen.
maTi azriT, „qalaqi, ganviTarebuli teqnikiT, iZleva iseT
xmebs, romlis gamomTqmeli niSani jer ar gakeTebula.
H2SO4-is xmauri aris laboratoriuli muSaoba am xmebis da-
samuSaveblad. Cveni momavali, qalaqiT Seqmnil xmas gaukeTebs
sakuTar formas“. maT qarTul Srifts daumates asoebi, rom-
lis saWiroebasac, maTi azriT, qmnida qalaqi. es asoebi gamo-
diodnen aralegaluri mdgomareobidan da iRebdnen patents
swori uflebobisa. laboratoriis mizani iyo poligrafiu-
li siaxlis danergva da leqsikis gamdidreba neologizme-
biT, radgan miaCndaT, rom qarTuli Srifti erTgvarovani da
mosawyeni iyo. kuTxuri Sriftis SemoReba Seamcirebs xedviT
energias da nabeWdis kiTxvas gaaxalisebso. maT mier Semo-
Tavazebuli siaxleebi SesaZlebelia Sesuliyo qarTuli enis
leqsikaSi, magram es ase ar momxdara.
futuristebisTvis amosavali iyo forma da ara Sinaarsi.
maT daukarges Sinaarss kategoriis funqcia da gaaigives
formasTan. futuristebisaTvis mniSvnelovani iyo aramarto
sagnebisa da movlenebis Taviseburi aRqma da warmosaxva, ar-
amed, maTi aRmniSvneli sityvebis gagebac. aseve mniSvnelova-
ni iyo sityvis akustika da Semdeg – Sinaarsi.

252
 simon Ciqovani werda: futuristi poetebis damsaxureba
isaa, rom maT leqsis bgeriTi fonologia Temis raobis fons
SeuTanxmes (daiwyes bgerebis Seneba!), rom yovel poetSi
aris bgerebis fiziologiuri gancda da es leqsSi ar unda
daikargoso.
leqsis Sinaarsis uaryofisa da fonis Sesabamisi bgeriTi
akustikis nimuSia leqsi „cira“. simon Ciqovanis lirikaSi
gansakuTrebuli poeturi ZaliT ganicdeba kolxuri garemo,
misi warsuli, naTesav-megobarTa bedi, rac dasturia imisa,
rom miuxedavad azris primatisa, xedva-Wvretis qadagebisa,
STagoneba-gaTvlis principisa, industriuli da socialis-
turi yofis apologiisa, masSi sulisa da sisxlis genealogia
metyvelebs. rac aracnobierad warmarTavda mis fiqrs da aq
vlindeba Rrma pirovnuli sawyisi.
futuristul leqsebSi (konstantine gamsaxurdia maT
„epigonebis cikls“ uwodebda) simon Ciqovani uaryofs pun-
qtuacias, metrs, logikur metyvelebas: „me-fu-turizmi,
brZola, kivili“-ai, poetis lozungi.
leqss „cira“ („literatura da sxva“) pirvel nabeWdSi
aseTi saTauri aqvs „primitivi simReris Zala“. miuxedavad
imisa, rom leqsis siuJeti bundovania, unda veZioT impul-
suri sityvebi, maqsimalurad unda gamovyoT bunebrivi si-
tyvebi „zaumirisagan“, rom miaxloebiT mainc gavigoT misi
Sinaarsi.
amisaTvis leqsi davyoT logikur monakveTebad:
1 ciras motaceba – samegreloSi cira axalgazrda, gau-
Txovari qalis saxelia, romelic leqsSi aTjer gaismis. cira,
mdinaris pirasaa Cakecil-Camuxluli. miuTiTeben, TiTqos
kubisturi suraTia, sadac Sinaganis gamotana da garegnuli
ieris deformireba xdeba. es kadri didi wuxilisa da dar-
dis gamomxatvelicaa. cira ise tiris, lamisaa gul-filtvi
amouvardes, „cira muxlebze gulfiltvs daidebs“. leqsis
am logikur monakveTSi aliterirebulia „b“ da „c“ bgerebi.
cira, bade, ca, xidbogiri. b bgeris aliteracia ukavSird-
eba or sintagmas: bade-baidebs, bude-baidebs, mravalmniS-
253
vnelovania sityva baidebi, romelic ciras bedis gaurkvvelo-
baze mianiSnebs, TiTqos bedma gaimeta da budidan gadmoagdo
cisferTvala „cira ciba“, (megrulSi ciba fisos saxelia),
„cirawarbi“, “cira wabli, warbenili“. aq aliterirebulia
logikuri azri, ciras wabla cxeniT waarbenineben. wa-wa mar-
cvali TiTqos aCqarebs da amZafrebs ubedurebis SegrZnebas,
„wabli warbenili“ – aq „wabli“ ufro cxenis saxelia. iseve
rogorc, 1939 wliT daTariRebul leqsSi „ciras paemani“, po-
eti „qurana cxens“ da iqve arabasac axsenebs, „Celas migalobs
erTi araba“. paemanze dagvianebuli ciras wamwams Salafas,
velur usurvazs adarebs, „ciras wamwami-giSris Salafa“. sa-
analizo leqss asociaciurad exmianeba mexuTe taepis sawyisi
striqonebi `cxeni rom myavdes, mogitacebdi“-o, aq metrfes
guliswadili ikiTxeba, „cira“ ki sul sxva safiqrals aRZravs.
ciras xidbogiriT, sabas mixedviT „moficruli xidiT“; cim-
cim gadmoiyvanen, budes auSlian da mSobliur cis nafleTs
– „cakuTxurs“ moanatreben, Tumca sabralo asuli jer kidev
umzers „cakuTxeds“. am varauds adasturebs „mdinaris piras
cxenebi mocda“.
2. Semdegi logikuri monakveTia ciras iZulebiTi gamgzav-
reba Sors – „sors baidiT gadafrindi“, sxvadasxva gamocemeb-
Si leqsikuri erTeuli sors, ikiTxeba rogorc Sors! baidi
aqac gaurkvevelobis asocoacias qmnis, zmna gadafrindi ki
gadakargvisa da daubruneblobis mauwyeblia. sintagma ude-
bude ki, saxli-budes moSlaze miuTiTebs (megr. Fude-sayude-
li, saxli), radgan am budes „udevs bade“ da kvlav meramdened
xmiandeba bude-badesTan aliterirebuli sityva baidebi,
romelic yvelaze usamarTlo sityvaa am leqsis qsovilSi,
romelTanac dakavSirebulia ciras tragikuli bedi. aq baid-
ebs obadebi abadia. abadia-is mas, es obadebi-asociaciurad
ciras mSobliuri, sadabad(eb)o adgilebia, romelsac samu-
damod eTxoveba motacebuli asuli. baidebi bedisweris mac-
neebadac SeiZleba miviCnioT. umweo ciras „sors gadafrena“
semantikurad „ubinadro frinvelebis“ gadafrena – gadmof-
renasTan wyvildeba. calmxrivad Seyvarebuli mijnurisagan
254
motacebuli qalis tanjvas iziarebs cira. igi, savaraudod,
stambulis tyveTa bazrisaken mimaval rTul gzas gaivlis.
tyveTa syidvas qarTvelTa istoriaSi samarcxvino furcels
uwodeben istorikosebi. sxvadasxva kuTxeSi motacebuli qa-
lebi, axalgazrda gogo-biWebi, wlebis manZilze, aWaris gav-
liT, gahyavdaT saqarTvelodan. es procesi verc imereTis
mefis, solomon I-is 1759 wels miRebulma gadawyvetilebam
(oficialurad akrZaluliyo tyveTa syidva!) da verc dasav-
leT saqarTvelos saeklesio krebaze Sedgenilma kaTalikos-
Ta samarTalma SeaCera.
„jvarze gaecvas is, romelic kacs moiparavs, didi iqneba,
mcire iqneba, eklesiaSi uziareblobiT daisajos“, – kaTa-
likosTa samarTalSi Cawerilma tyvis gayidvis akrZalvam
Sedegi ver gamoiRo.
sulxan-sabas leqsikonis Tavfurclebze minaweri sulis-
SemZvreli istoria gavixsenoT: „nu gaTaTrdebi“ – egvip-
tis mtredia, momcro frinveli, msgavsi gvritisa. eseni,
odes mgzavrs kacs naxaven, iwyeben Zaxils qarTulis eniT:
„nu gaTaTrdebi!“am frinvels „giaur-yuSs“ anu „urjulo
frinvels“uwodeben. RmerTi am patara Citis eniT, TiTqos
afrTxilebda gasayidad gamwesebul qarTvelebs rjuls nu
gamoicvliTo! Zneli dasajerebelia, realurad earseba
frinvels, romelic maTsave mSobliur enaze elaparakeboda
ucxoeTSi gadaxvewil qarTvelebs da ase daJinebiT Seagoneb-
da, sadac ar unda moxvdeT, nu gadagvardebiT, sikvdilamde
iqarTveleTo! arada, rogor gvWirdeba swored dRes aseTi
frTosani!
leqsSic frinvelTa es gadafrena – gadmofrena tyve asu-
lis sulieri mdgomareobis gamziareblad gvaqcevs. leqsi-
kuri erTeuli umbo – zoologiurad frinvelTa niskartis
aRmniSvnelia, romelic sintaqsurad eTanadeba kidevac si-
tyvas bude – „odeliodi umbo bude“. aqve obobas qselis
qsovis xilviTi asociaciaa. „obobebiT Seevedre, ubinadro
uZaridro, Zarbaidebs cisadgami“. b da Z-Tanxmovnebis ali-
teracia uCveuloa da musikas qmnis, Tumca Seuqcevadi logi-
255
kuri saxe simbolo gamokrTeba: ciras bedis bade- moqsovili
obobas qselis simtkiciT.
3. Semdegi logikuri monakveTi – Sor gzaze ciras gemiT
mgzavroba.
zRviT gadahyavT cira „curavs zRvaSi camebuli“, ge-
mis moZraobisas, ialqanze Cndeba „cisbokoni“, ukidegano
horizonti, cis sivrcec daxSulia, TiTqos obobas badiTaa
gadaqsovili, esec tyveqmnilis gza da ciras sulis sevdiani
traeqtoriaa. „tyes darvirTavs wamebuli“, axali semanti-
kuri erTeuli „darvirTavs“ – ciras uiRblobiTaa datvir-
Tuli, mas zmnis funqcia akisria, tyve asulis „ude budes“,
romelsac „udevs bade obobamde“!, rogorc SevniSneT, ciras
Tavis samyofels aSorebs es iZulebiTi mgzavroba da bade,
obobas naqseliviT mtkice da gaurRvevlia. sainteresoa ta-
epis Semdegi striqonebi: „futi buxris warbebs moxris“, futi
igive kvamlia, romelic metaforizebulia rogorc „buxris
warbi“, romelsac kvamli xris, formas ucvlis.
4. „cira guliT gamocrili“ – sasowarkveTili cira xan
zRis talRebs ayolebs Tvals da xan horizonts gaxedavs,
romelic cas uerTdeba – „cisbokonebs gamoxede“. cis-bo-
koni kompozitia, bokoni-moris bijia, romelsac eyrdnoba
ficruli saxlis saZirkvelis direebi. cirac imedisagan da-
clili, sayrdengamoclili da gamocrilia, xsnas arsaidan
elis, dardisgan „gamoi-cira“, es ukanaskneli zmnis sruliad
unikaluri formaa da Seicavs saTaurSi gamotanil sakuTar
saxels- cira. (sul orjer gvxvdeba ukiduresi dardis forma
„gamocrili-gamoicira“). cira gamoi-cira, anu ukve gamoiara
axalgazrdoba. is gamoxedavs cisbokonebs, magram casac „ca-
fari TuTa“, (megr. mTvare) faravs. „TuTa. do cafari, neSoga-
mo da cabari“. gancdebisa da mRelvarebisgan „cira gaTxelda,
rogorc Cafara“. Cafari xsnas megrulad Celti, romelzec
abreSumis Wias aTavseben. cira, es abrSumiviT asuli, neSoga-
moclili CeltiviT Camoxma. katasaviT moqnili „cira ciba“
ixsenebs gamtaceblebis mier „Sara. warbenils“, datorili da

256
fafarayrili cxenebiT gamovlil gzas, „tori tanze da fa-
fari“ (tori, samecxvareo joxi, didi argani).
5. „gamoguli cira“ – mihyavT gamTangveli mgzavrobiTa da
SiSiT gamogul-gamofituli cira, „wamoguli Sors baidebs“
„rom mihyavxar gabutuli“, aq msazRvreli sityvebis mrav-
lobaa, isini Seicaven sityva guls (gamo-guli; wamo-guli;
gamo-guli), sityvaTa sarTebi gamo-wamo-gamo maSorebeli
TavsarTebia. ciras guli Sors darCa da nazi asuli, sakuTar
bedze gabutuli, gamargluli, gamogvaluli da damSralia,
rogorc „gamoguli mziT mdinare“.
leqsSi sagulisxmoa orjer naxsenebi sintagma „cira Sin-
di“. Sinds Turme TurqeTSi eZaxian „xes, romelmac eSmaki
moatyua“. legendis mixedviT, eSmakma Sindis adreuli yvavi-
loba ixila da ifiqra, rom nayofsac adre miscemda. dajda
xis qveS da sami Tve eloda. am dros SeamCnia, rom sxva xeebma
nayofi adre gamoiRes, Sindi ki gvian Semovida. fraza – „cira
Sindi“ – poetisaTvis optimisturia. eimedeba samSoblodan
gadaxvewili ciras bedi, rom igi moaxerxebs Tavisi bedis Sem-
kvrelebs raRac manqanebiT dausxltes da gamoeqces. „obobe-
bze gadafrindi-o“, anu ajobeo, amxnevebs ciras, romlis „ude
budes,“ „udevs bade“ da „baidebs“ anu am sityvaSi Sefarul
uxeS Zalebs, misi mSobliuri adgilebi – „obadebi abadia“-T.
„cira“ 57 striqonisagan Sedgeba. leqsi ritmulia da hete-
rosilaburi sazomiTaa dawerili. 5-jer meordeba refreni
„odeloidi“, romelic myari naduri misamReris, „odelias“
modificirebuli variantia da leqss tragikul tonalobas
aniWebs da misi kanonzomieri gameoreba „nu gaTaTrdebis“
semantikiT miacilebs sabralo asuls tyveobis gzaze.
c-Tanxmovnis aliteracia leqsis saTaurs miemarTeba.
aqve gaamwkrivebs poeti sityva-sagnebis miseul gamas: cira
ciba, ca, cakuTxuri, cakuTxedi, cisadgami, cabokoni, cafari,
cabari, gamoicira. TvalnaTelia b-Tanxmovanis aliteraci-
ac: bade, baidebi, bude, obobamde, obadebi, abadia. mas Sem-
deg, rac siuJets movixelTebT, vkiTxulobT leqss, rogorc
analogiaTa jaWviTa da aliteraciebiT SeTxzuls, romlis
orkestrul JReradobas diriJoroben „c“ da „b“konsonantebi.
257
 damowmebani:

Ciqovani 1955: Ciqovani s. leqsebi. poema. Tbilisi: saxlgami, 1955.

Ciqovani 1975: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani oTx tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `merani~, 1975.
Ciqovani 2007: Ciqovani s. 100 leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `intele-
qti~, 2007.
Ciqovani 2012: Ciqovani s. Canawerebi. mwifobisTveSi Casuli mze. Tbili-
si: gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2012.

258
 maia jaliaSvili

H2SO4 – simon Ciqovani da futuristebis

antiesTetikuri platforma

qarTveli futuristebis erTgvar antiesTetikur plat-

formas warmoadgenda maT mier 1924 wels gamocemuli
Jurnali H2SO4, romelSic Tavi moiyares axalgazrda avan-
gardistebma xelovnebis gardaqmnis radikaluri ideebiT.
eseni iyvnen: beno gordeziani, niogol CaCava, irakli gam-
rekeli, pavlo nozaZe, Jango RoRoberiZe, akaki beliaSvili,
biZina abulaZe, simon Ciqovani, nikoloz Sengelaia, Salva
alxaziSvili. TavianTi SexedulebebiT xelovnebisa Tu yo-
fis sxvadasxva sakiTxze isini mkveTrad emijnebodnen wina-
re literaturul skolebs, upirvelesad ki, simbolistebs,
romelTa esTetizmi gadmonaSTad da romantikuli msofl-
gancdis dagvianebul gamoZaxilad miaCndaT.
am JurnalSi warmoCnda yvela is eqsperimenti, romleb-
sac isini axorcielebdnen sityvieri gamoTqmis sferoSi. maT
enobriv „saltomortaleebs“ amZafrebda originalurad,
sxvadasxva variaciiT gamoyenebuli Srifti, didi da patara
asoebis monacvleoba, Tavdayira dabeWdili teqsti, konoe-
nisTvis damaxasiaTebeli montaJuri teqnikiT awyobili ma-
sala, grafikuli figurebi, sareklamo narativisTvis niSan-
doblivi elementebis gamoyeneba. originaluri gamoxatvis
meTods, zaums, unda warmoeCina Tanamedrove samyaros us-
azrisoba, qaoturoba, saazrovno centrebis moSla, Zveli,
tradiciuli cxovrebis sruliad Secvla da amis safuZvel-
ze yofis arsobrivad gamosaxatavad sruliad axali gzebis
Ziebis meamboxuri suliskveTeba. yovelive amas xazs usvamda
da amZafrebda irakli gamrekelis abstraqcionistuli na-
xatebi, romlebsac mkiTxveli uCveuli warmosaxviTi sivr-
ceebisa da ganzomilebebisTvis unda eziarebina.

259
 isini fiqrobdnen, rom qarTuli xelovneba sruliad
daSorebuli iyo Tanadroulobas, amitom saWiro iyo misi
gardaqmna, transformacia, raTa gamoxatuliyo teqnolo-
giebis ganviTarebis xanaSi adamianis axali Ziebebis gzebi, is
tempi, ritmi da energetika, romelic urbanizmis pirobeb-
Si ibadeboda, viTardeboda da kacobriobas warmoudgenel
perspeqtivebs uqmnida samyaros Sesamecneblad. amitom
mxatvruli SemoqmedebisTvis sruliad gamousadegari iyo
realisturi, romantikuli, simbolisturi, impresionistu-
li Tu am rigis sxva izmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli strategiebis
gamoyeneba.
qarTvel futuristebs saqarTveloSi arsebuli moder-
nistuli skolebi plagiatad miaCndaT da amtkicebdnen,
rom maTs suliskveTebas an saerTod araferi, an mcire ram
anaTesavebda italiursa, frangulsa Tu rusul futurizm-
Tan. isini uaryofdnen italiur futurizms, rogorc „aris-
tokratiis komforts“, franguls, Tavisi dadaTi, emijne-
bodnen, rogorc „salonur revolucionerobas“ da rusuls,
rogorc mxolod plakatsa da agitacias. ra Tqma unda, amgva-
ri radikalizmi iyo erTgvari eqstremaluri poza, romel-
sac maTi individualuroba metad unda gamoekveTa.
„poezia sityvis gareSe“ iyo maTi mTavari amocana, ro-mel-
sac nacnobi sityvebis banaluri Sinaarsisgan gaTavisufle-
biT, maTi mniSvnelobis tyveobisgan xsniT, sruliad axal
konteqstSi moqcevis mcdelobiT TavianTi gancdebis gamo-
saxatav instrumentad iyenebdnen. maTTvis miuRebeli iyo is
leqsika, romlis Sinaarsi gulisxmobda sufTas, Seuryvnels,
amaRlebuls, wmindas. isini fiqrobdnen, rom poezias unda
moeSorebina es siyalbe, gacveTili lirika, Sablonuri da
stereotipuli realizmi da sityvis xelaxali aRmoCeniT,
calkeul bgeraze aqcentirebiT adamianis Sinagani samyaros
is niuansebi gadmoeca, romlebic zustad Seesatyviseboda
mis gancdebs da gamoxatvis procesSi ar mruddeboda da ga-
dasxvaferdeboda. sityvis montaJi, akrobatika, sanaxaoba,
jambazoba, inJineria, masTan Sexeba, zmnis gareSe moZraobis
260
gamoxatva – iqca maT mTavar safiqralad, raTa samyarosa da
adamianis cnobierebaSi mimdinare epoqaluri kataklizmebi
gamoexata. niogol CaCava: `uwin iyo muza. exla aris teqnika.
iyo poezia – keTilSobileba. aris avantiura~ (H2S04 1924: 5).
„yoveli sityva jer xma aris, mere Sinaarsi, amitom yoveli
sityva misaRebia individualurad. magaliTad CemTvis sity-
va „ofli“ ufro lamazia vidre „vardi“. azri. idea. Sinaarsi
meore xarisxis ekvivalentia“ (alxaziSvili 1924: 61). fu-
turistebisTvis ilias `me ca mniSnavs da eri mzrdis miwieri
zeciersa...~, an modernistuli, valerian gafrindaSviliseu-
li: `samarcxvinoa poetisTvis sxva kariera, garda sigiJis...~,
an akakis: `Congurs simebi gavubi, movmarTe nela-nelao~ – iyo
mxolod `Conguris simRerebi~ da meti araferi. `poetis aka-
demia – rusTaveli~ iyo mxolod xsovna, `fexiT sasiarulo
warsuli naftaliniani istoria~. maT uaryves romantika daa
sentimentaluri grZnobebis gamoxatva, Sesabamisad, Temebi:
`sikvdil-sicocxlis problema, cremlebi, mistika, feru-
marili, qinaqina, sarke, mamuliSviloba, Tavadaznauroba...~
(H2S04 1924: 4). leqsis Seqmnas Caenacvla roSva, romelic udri-
da sityvis `montaJsa da industrias~. `poezia+poieti=0~ (ase
ironiulad moixseniebdnen poets). beno gordeziani wer-
da: `saqarTvelo aris qoTani, saakaZe da mewisqvile~. isini
fiqrobdnen, rom bgeraTa kombinaciiT unda gamoexataT is,
rasac `axal samyaroSi~, industrializaciis epoqaSi xedavd-
nen. „natifi frazis adgils iWers uxeSi gamoTqma. Warbad
Semodis urbanuli garemos, teqnicizmis amsaxveli specifi-
kuri leqsika („eleqtros Sadrevani“, „motori“, „aeroplane-
bi“, „foladis kunTebi“, „cecxlis cepelini“, „telefoni“,
„baton-betoni:, „avtomobili“, „debeti krediti“, „prospeq-
ti“, „ekrani“, „tresti“, „fabrikantebi“, „trotuari“, „trans-
porti“...), romelsac moaqvs Sesabamisi ganwyobileba da rit-
mi. romantikuli paTosis wil iwyeba cnebebis, sagnebis, sa-
xelebis gamiwiereba, maT SemoeclebaT Saravandedi. magram
Warbi nihilizmi absurdamde midis~ (sigua 1994: 246).

261
 am Jurnalis eqsperimentebSi, romelsac gogirdmJavas
formula hqonda, rogorc provokaciuli saTauri, aqtiurad
monawileobda simon Ciqovani. isic iziarebda im azrs, rom
banalur mxatvrul saxeebSi moqceuli qarTuli poezia unda
ganwmendiliyo maTi ideebiT iseve, rogorc gogirdmJava moq-
medebda antisanitariis winaaRmdeg.
am avangardistulma eqsperimentebma, ra Tqma unda, Ta-
visi kvali datova literaturis istoriaSi. futuristuli
ideebi saqarTveloSi meoce saukunis 10-iani wlebidan gaaq-
tiurda, radgan swored am dros Camovida rusi futuristi
igor severianini, romelmac Tavisi mogzaurobisas Tbilis-
sa, baTumsa da quTaisSi bevri axalgazrda Semoqmedis guli
daipyro da mimdevaric gaiCina. qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis
sruliad ucxo uyo rusi poetis stili, leqsebis kiTxvis ma-
nera da intonaciebi. `italiur futurizmTan mas anaTesaveb-
da epataJuri narcisizmi, Zveli kulturis xelaRebiT uar-
yofa, urbanizmis gafetiSeba, teqnikuri progresis apolo-
gia~ (avaliani 2014: 83). futurizmis gavlenas xeli Seuwyo
1914 wels vladimer maiakovskis, david burliukisa da vasi-
li kamenskis da sxvebis Camosvlam, aseve, ruseTSi ukve saxel-
moxveWili futuristebis, Zmebi, ilia da kirile zdaneviCebis
Semoqmedebam. yovelive amis gaTvaliwinebiT, lali avaliani
daaskvnis: `rusuli futurizmis akvani TbilisSic dairwa~.
10-ian wlebSive gaecno qarTveli axalgazrdoba marinetisa
da mis mimdevarTa manifestebsa da ideebs. maTiT gatace-
bulTa Soris iyvnen cisferyanwelebic, romelTa werilebSi
irekleboda sworedac futuristebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
dapirispireba warsulTan. paolo iaSvilis `winaTqmaSi~ Cans
marinetis futuristuli manifestis gamoZaxili: `vadidebT
damsxvrevis mSvenierebas. uarvyofT warsuls... cecxli, ce-
cxli yvelafers, rac Sobs mwuxarebasa da daRlilobas~
(iaSvili 2002). Tumca es mxolod gamoZaxili iyo da maTs esTe-
tikur kredoze umniSvnelod imoqmeda.
futuristuli ideebis gavlena dagvirgvinda 1922 wlis 22
apriliT, rodesac konservatoriis darbazSi gaimarTa maTi
262
pirveli saRamo, amas mohyva manifesti `saqarTvelo – feniqsi~,
Jurnalebi: H2S04, `literatura da sxv~ (redaqtori: nikoloz
CaCava~, 1924-25), `memarcxeneoba~ (pirvel nomeri rdkolegi-
is saxeliT, meoris redaqtori: simon Ciqovani (1927-28 weli)
da gazeTi `drouli~ (redaqtori: Jango RoRoberiZe, 1925).
isini apirebdnen, rom gamoecaT Jurnali `zero~ da gazeTi `0~,
magram ver moaxerxes. soso siguas azriT, H2SO4 ar iyo mxolod
Jurnalis saxelwodeba, aramed jgufi, romelmac gaaerTiana
dadaizmis, konstruqtivizmis da futurizmis principebi.
1924 wlis 25 maiss gamocemul am JurnalSi dabeWdilia
simon Ciqovanis Semdegi teqstebi: sami leqsi (`sanapiro sim-
Rera xabo~, `romantiuli plakati~ da usaTauro) da ori we-
rili (`proeqti axali kreiseris, fokusi mobrunebuli Semoq-
medebis, H2SO4 poeziis paralitikebs, kretinebis qarxana~),
romlebzedac amjerad gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas. maTSi
kargad warmoCnda futuristuli msoflmxedvelobis arsi da
sarkesaviT airekla samyaros aRqmisa da gamosaxvis ZiriTadi
principebi. orive ese ekleqturobiT gamoirCeva da warmoa-
Cens avtoris survils, daasabuTos futuristuli antiesTe-
tikuri poziciis WeSmariteba.
werilSi `fokusi mobrunebuli Semoqmedebis~ 22 wlis si-
mon Ciqovani iziarebs azrs, rom `mobruneba udris moZrao-
bis axal kombinaciebs~. misi azriT, samyarom, sagnebma rRveva
daiwyes da am apokalifsur dro-sivrceSi dedamiwis reqviemi
unda Seeqmna axal poezias. misi azriT, romantizmi daiRupa,
Caiares `romantikulma sezonebma~ da Tan waiRes misTvis da-
maxasiaTebeli mSvenierebis kulti, saWiro iyo axali ritmi,
raTa daexata `adamiani manqana~ – pirmSo Tanamedrove civi-
lizaciisa. man marineti kolumbad gamoacxada, romelmac
adamianis Sinagani samyaros axali sivrceebi aRmoaCina. did-
ma qalaqebma, ganviTarebulma teqnologiebma mospes religia
da mistika, sakralurisa da RvTaebrivis gancda, maTi adgili
daikaves utilitarulma nivTebma da yvelaferi gadalagda.
igi am procesSi sam taps gamoyofs:

263
 1. sagnebis daSla;
2. sagnebis ganivTeba;
3. aTviseba nivTebis.
`daRupvisa da mobrunebis poetikam~, rogor TviTon uwo-
debs axal esTetizms, moitana axali saxeebi, magaliTad: Jiul
laforgis: `mze mkrTali, rogorc nafurTxi~ – mowmobs imas,
rom sagani, rogorc mistikuri fenomeni, daikarga. maiakovs-
kis: `mze – `yviTeli mRebavi~ – migvaniSnebs imaze, rom `RvTa-
ebrioba gadavida komfortSi~, marinetis: `guli wiTeli
Saqris~ – asaxavs imas, rom `sagani gaxda utilitaruli, e.i.
nivTi~ da pasternakis: `mze akrobati~ – mowmobs imas, rom `sa-
ganma SeiTvisa akrobatika (RvTaebriobis nacvlad) da gaxda
nivTi~ (H2SO4 1924: 36).
simon Ciqovani yuradRebas amaxvilebs omebis Semdeg mo-
tanil krizisze, komunisturi revoluciebis perspeqtivebze
da axali poeziis Seqnis aucileblobaze. igi zedmiwevniT mi-
moixilavs dadas, rogorc futurizmis wiaRSi warmoSobil
axali poeturi enis Seqmnis warmatebul mcdelobas: `dada-
istebma leqsebisTvis afrikuli leqsikoni Seadgines, xSirad
ki mTlianad mospes metyveleba~. mas ainteresebs ufro am
eqsperimentis procesi, vidre Sedegi da miiCnevs, rom dada-
istebis sityvieri akrobatika sazrdoobs sxvaTa (apolineri,
lotreamoni, marineti) ideebiT da `dekadenturi narCeni da-
daSi lotreamonis vagonidan aris gadmotvirTuli~ (H2SO4
1924: 37). simon Ciqovanis azriT, `futurizmi aris ekrani myo-
faderi realobis~. mas ara aqvs mizani, is mxolod nivTebs
qmnis, Tan igi aris konstruqcia momavlis fsiqikisa. ese igi,
poezia aris nivTi. Tavis msjelobas is amTavrebs am axali
proeqtis, futurizmis ideebis, erTgvar formulebSi moqce-
viT: amisTvis is moixmobs maTematikisa da fizikis cnebebs da
azrs ase ayalibebs:
1. 1=2. es niSnavs Semdegs: dedamiwa orbitis garSemo moZ-
raobisas moxazavs moZraobis or formas: moZraobas RerZisa
da moZraobas orbitis garSemo. miwis burTi aris 1, moZrao-
bis forma 2. umoZrao miwis burTi aris sagani, romelic moZ-
264
raobaSi kargavs sagnobriobas da iqceva nivTad (dabadeba
rgolebis). xelovnebaSi rgoli aris suprematuli nivTi. es
rgoli itevs moZraobasac da miwis formasac. moZraobas sa-
gani gadahyavs ramdenime nivTSi. am msjelobis Semdeg ki avto-
ri metaforulad daaskvnis: `aq aris mSobiaroba formebis da
es formulirovka udris Tanamedrove ritms~ (H2SO4 1924: 39).
meore werilSi, epataJuri saTauriT `kretinebis qarxana~
simon Ciqovani akritikebs modernistul skolebs, upirve-
lesad, cisferyanwelebis simbolistur esTetikas. misi
leqsika da Sefasebebi zedmetad uxeSi da Tavxeduria, rac
sruliad miesadageba qcevis im kodeqss, romelsac mihyvebod-
nen msoflios futuristebi. magaliTad, yanwelebis skolas
uwodebs masxruls, maTs Semoqmedebas `Tagvebis repertu-
ars~. `mTeli ideologia da praqtika `yanwelebis~ iyo imer-
uli sadRegrZeloebi~. robaqiZe-gamsaxurdias erT tafaSi
moaqcevs da dascinis maTs eqspresionistul cdebs. `gamsa-
xurdia rusuli Jurnal-gazeTebis bibliografiuli werile-
biT kiTxulobda leqciebs da prospeqtze ukanaskneli modis
frakiT daiareboda~, robaqiZes `malariis degeneratad~ da
`kardonis mumiad~ moixseniebs, agreTve, qarTuli bulvaruli
Worebis Semkrebad, `amis Sedegi iyo is, rom poezia gadaibarga
Waobebis kurortebSi~. kolau nadiraZes uwunebs `kombos-
tos gemovnebas~, paolo iaSvils – `Setrusul farSevangebs~.
`paolo iaSvili gamodis damcvelad yvela nagvis, romelic
darCenilia saqarTveloSi sicarielis amosavsebad... igi aris
poeziaSi meTauri `mmaCis~ biuros daarsebis~. `tician tabiZes
aqvs balalaikis stili. tites ara aqvs smena. qaldeas mistika
da ironia erTad dezinteriis dros Tu moTavsdeba~. valeri-
an gafrindaSvili ki `agonebs ciyvs, romelic sarkeSi zis da
romlis amoyvanazec ocnebobs~. yanwelebis poezias miiCnevs
balmontisa da briusovis plagiatad, versifikaciul Ziebebs
– `yroyinad~, `moSlili gramafonis~ JRarunad. masxrad ig-
debs maTs evropelobasac: `pativcemul evropielebs kalo-
Sebi gemze darCaT~. igi kbils gahkravs galaktionsa da gri-
SaSvils: `yanwelebi efarebodnen galaktion tabiZis grexas
265
da kabas da griSaSvilis abanos~, galaktion tabiZis `lurja
cxenebi – Samili, Savi pelikani – vaSa, vaSa (arRnis motivi)~.
`griSaSvilis leqsebi imRereba soflis gitaraze~. arc in-
goroyvasa da kotetiSvils indobs: ingoroyvas – `Caxruxa-
Zeze Semjdar mogzaur mxedars~ uwodebs. `qarTuli sityva~
vaxtang kotetiSvilis gazeTad gadaiqca. aq grovdeba saqar-
Tvelos mTeli sanagve masalebi. poetebi anbanze moinaxebian~.
`ra unda am xalxs, aravin icis~. igi akritikebs am `nagvis~
mkvlevarebsac – zaqaria WiWinaZesa da ivane gomarTels.
igi modernist mwerlebs uwodebs `paralitikebs~, rom-
lebic sxvadasxva Jurnalis gziT cdiloben TavianTi `bul-
varuli Semoqmedebis~ gasaRebas. am lanZRvas igi asrulebs
amgvarad: amieridan yuradReba unda mieqces xelovnebis
antisanitarul mdgomareobas da dawyebuli galtab tit-
tabidan kasraZeTi daTavebuli garekil iqnen Semoqmedebis
arenidan. haeris dasawmendi recepti mocemuli aris: H2SO4~
(H2SO4 1924: 39).
Semdeg simon Ciqovanma SedarebiT naklebi epataJuro-
biTa da zomieri msjelobiT ganagrZo Teoriuli Sexedule-
bebis warmoCena futuristTa zemoT dasaxelebul Jurnal-
gazeTebSic.
am JurnalSi dabeWdil sam leqsTagan ki, pirveli, `sana-
piro simRera `xabo~, gamoirCeva surviliT, bgerebis kombi-
naciebiT, punqtuaciis gareSe, axali sityvebis TamaSiT, xal-
xuri Selocvis msgavsi sintaqsiT, gadmosces SegrZnebaTa
xlarTebi:

xifaTi xabos
orbebi xabos
zoromi, zoromi,
Rrublebs anRreuls
kldeebs cicabos.
(H2SO4 1924: 35).

meore leqsi `romantiuli plakati~ verlibria, romelSic

poeti, igive roSari, uaryofs ra `poetis suls~, aqac punq-
266
tuaciis gareSe, cdilobs mkiTxveli gaaseirnos Tanamedrove
qalaqis proJeqtorebiT ganaTebul quCebSi, romlebic dac-
lilia yovelgvari romantikisagan:

guls agarakze vgzavni bagaJad

da telefonis svetebis qseli
beber romantizms kidev akaJebs
`rekord~ reklama mkerdze miikar
kofTebic ki prostitutebs moaqvT bakaliT.
kedlebT Spalerze pouloben kartebs dakarguls
Tqven Ciqovani frCxiliT daaxrCveT
Jangeul daniT sqesi dakaliT
Cemi ocneba mucel ZaRli daxirwnis xorcs
kamerebiviT amoavsebs kabelis kaTxebs
me romantizmze wavikiTxab bolo `reqviems~
kraxmalis leqsi isterikiT Sublis ZarRvs gatkens.
(H2SO41924: 35).

mesame, usaTauro, leqsic urbanul Temazea. poeti aso-

ciaciuri nakadebiT xatavs Tanamedrove qalaqis xmaurSi
Cakargul nivTebs, iyenebs aliteraciebs, romlebic atona-
luri musikis gancdas badeben. xandaxan yvelaferi emsgavse-
ba im xmaurs, romelsac koncertis dawyebis win musikosebi
sakravebis awyobisas qmnian:

rogorc depeSa Sesapyrobi, kvamlis bulbuli,

RmerTebs gaugzavneT, komkavSiris raketebiT wverebSetrusuli~

samive leqss axlavs vizualuri efeqtebi- grafikuli xa-

zebi, gamuqebuli sxvadasxva zomis Srifti (H2SO4 1924: 39).
sworad SeniSnavs soso sigua: `simon Ciqovani movida poe-
ziaSi da aayirava Zveli sagnebi, daarRvia dekoraciebi, raTa
Seeqmna nivTTa axali kombinacia... simon Ciqovanis leqsis
konstruqcia avangardistul periodSi Camoyalibda. Semdeg
igi daixvewa, dazustda, Seivso axali gancdebiT da azrebiT,
267
magram sistema, azrovnebis wesi ucvleli darCa~ (sigua 1994:
248).
simon Ciqovanis mxatvruli sistemis gasagebad mniSvne-
lovani da gasaTvaliswinebelia is eqsperimentuli saazrov-
no pirvelmodelebic, romlebic Jurnal H2SO4-is furclebze
daibeWda.

damowmebani:

avaliani 2014: avaliani l. `qarTuli futurizmi globalur konteqst-

Si~. literaturuli Ziebani, XXXV. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2014.
alxaziSvili 1924: alxaziSvili S. „literatura da sxva“. №1. 1924.
iaSvili 2002: iaSvili p. `pirvelTqma. wignSi: tician tabiZe~. seria: qa-
rTveli mwerlebi skolaSi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `dia~, 2002.
sigua 1994: sigua s. avangardizmi qarTul literaturaSi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `didostati~, 1994.
H2S04 1924: Jurn. H2S04. Tbilisi: 1924.

268
 marika jiqia

Turquli saleqso forma – yoSma – galaktionis

SemoqmedebaSi

qarTul-aRmosavluri – sparsuli, arabuli, Turquli –

literaturuli urTierTobani saukuneebs iTvlis. CvenSi
damkvidrda leqswyobisa da poeturi xerxebis aRmniSvneli
orientalizmebi. amaTgan erTi wyeba nasesxobebisa leqsis
arqiteqtonikis komponentebs warmoadgens, ramdenime sity-
va saleqso formis saxeldebaa, xolo zogi cneba mxatvrul-
gamomsaxvelobiT xerxTa kategorias ganekuTvneba. esenia:
arabuli beiTi, muxamasi, mustazadi, majama, munasibi, kafia,
yazali, Tejnisi, Taxmisi, musalasi, robai, murabahi, misra,
sparsuli xana, Turquli baiaTi, yoSma, uClama da sxv
XVIII saukuneSi aRmosavleTidan CvenSi Semovida sruliad
axali literaturuli saxe qarTuli yofisa da mwerlobisa-
Tvis. axali nakadi gamoirCeoda aRmosavluri mcxunvarebiT,
varvara vnebiTa da udardelobiT. es iyo aSuRuri poezia,
romelmac sul raRac erT saukuneSi ise gaidga fesvebi, rom
qarTuli romantizmis erT-erTi saukeTeso warmomadgeneli
grigol orbeliani erTgvarad moaqcia Tavisi gavlenis qveS.
poetma uaRresad STambeWdav leqsebTan (rogoric aris Tun-
dac `Cems das efemias“) erTad dagvitova hedonisturi leq-
sebi, romelTa personaJebia mirzajana, lopiana, dimitri oni-
kovi, beJana mkervali, xolo sabrZanisi – orTaWalis baRebi,
dardimanduli lxini Tu muSti-krivi (SayulaSvili 1970:20-
21).
qarTul yofierebaSi aRmosavluri elementebis daner-
gvas, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, Tbilisis faqtoric uwyobda
xels: aq mosaxle somxebis, sparselebis, azerbaijanlebis
wes-Cveulebani da folkloruli tradiciebi zepiri gziT
vrceldeboda aSuRTa Soris, romlebic upiratesad tri-
lingvebi iyvnen.
269
 winamdebare werilSi Turquli warmomavlobis myari sale-
qso formebis erT saxeobas – yoSmas – warmovaCenT galaktio-
nis SemoqmedebaSi. yoSma yvelaze gavrcelebuli da uZvelesi
formaa Turqul literaturaSi. igi erovnuli poeziis xerx-
emals warmoadgens. Yyvela aSuRi poeti etaneboda leqsis am
saxeobas. oTxpwkaredi aA m Turquli saleqso formis sayrdenia.
qarTul sinamdvileSi yoSma saleqso forma gvxvdeba be-
sikTan, xolo aSuRTa SemoqmedebaSi misi gamoCena saiaTno-
vas saxels ukavSirdeba. besikisa da siaTnovas garda leqsis
Txzvisas qarTvel poetTagan yoSmas iyenebdnen mirian ba-
toniSvili, daviT batoniSvili, dimitri TumaniSvili, giorgi
TumaniSvili, petre laraZe, ioseb meliqiSvili, aleqsandre
WavWavaZe da sxvani. igive musikalur-poeturi forma ganuxre-
lad batonobs aSuRTa leqsebSi. stefane ferSangovani, daviT
giviSvili, giorgi skandarnova, beCara, hazira, eTim gurji
zedized weren yoSmebs, romelTac TviTonve amRereben, anda
sxva mosakraveTa TanxlebiT asruleben.
wina aswleulSi aRmosavluri xmebisgan savsebiT ganTavi-
suflebuli yoSmis umSvenieresi nimuSebi Seqmna galaktion
tabiZem.
yoSmuri kompoziciis ramdenime saxeoba arsebobs.
pirvel saxeobaSi sawyisi strofi jvaredinad iriTmeba.
danarCen strofebSi ZiriTadi riTma, rogorc wesi, saerTo
riTmiT Sekruli sami taepis Semdeg meordeba da pirveli
strofis luw taepebs ewyoba. am saxeobis stroful-riTmuli
modeli aseTia: abab cccb dddb...
omonimuri riTmebis Sesabamisad yoSma zogjer refrenia-
nia. refreni sagrZnoblad aZlierebs musikalur mxares (ber-
iZe 1954:313). refrenis funqciiT ki taepi gvxvdeba. swored
am sqemas esadageba galaktionis `mravalJamier gugunebdes
ca~. sarefreno taepi – `es simReraa saqarTvelosi“ – yoveli
strofis meoTxe taepad JRers.:

270
 mravalJamier gugunebdes xma a
`mumli muxasa~ da `lileosi~, b
es gmirTa CvenTa aris simRera, – a
es simReraa saqarTvelosi. b

moapobs mkerdiT zRvas mezRvauri, c

gesmis aragvis xma sacnauri? c
gesmis Tergis da mtkvaris xmauri? – c
es simReraa saqarTvelosi! b

miarRvevs risxva awyvetis avis, d

rom ar udrkeba qveynad aravis. d
gesmis griali mTebidan zvavis? – d
es simReraa saqarTvelosi! ... b

Tavisuflebis moyvare erebs, e

viT zRvas, verara ver SeaCerebs. e
mTa rom imRerebs, tye rom imRerebs, – e
es simReraa saqarTvelosi! b

aq gamarjvebis droSad weria: f

samSoblo CvenTvis yvelaferia! f
Tu ram simRera guls umReria, – f
es simReraa saqarTvelosi! b

gmirebiT savse samSoblo mxarev, g

dRes gamarjvebis guliT mRelvarev, g
idide. am xmas sxvaSi ver garev, – g
es simReraa saqarTvelosi! b
(tabiZe 1988:479-480)

SesaZloa `refrenoba~ erTma sityvam itvirTos.

riTmad sityva-refrenis Semcvelia galaktionis yoSmuri
konstruqciis leqsi `adamiani~:

271
 rom uvali gza etexnaT, a
rom mxned eTesaT da exnaT, a
uxsovar droiT am qveynad a
ibrZoda adamiani. b

im gza da garemoidan, c
im uxsovari droidan c
kaci me bevri vpove da C
miyvarda adamiani. b

mxolod samSoblos erTguli, d
ar moRalate da sruli d
simarTlisaTvis – viT guli d
iwoda adamiani. b

vici rusTvelis aluri e

gmiroba Tu sixaruli e
es iyo mosiyvarule E
im droTa adamiani. b

vici, akakic mkacria, f

Tu guli ganakawria f
iliac ase: `kacia – f
hkviroda – adamiani?! ~ b

grZnobebiT umxurvalesiT, g
mamiam, xmalebr nalesiT g
leqsiT (da mere ra leqsiT) g
icoda adamiani. b

yazbegi, vaJa, sxva sxvafrad h

mamulisaTvis gul-mZafrad – h
TviT sikvdilsac ki arafrad h
ar grZnobda adamiani! b

272
 exla cis laJvards sxivosans, i
didebul mziT gvirgvinosans, i
am miwas, am zRvas – vin flobs, an i
vin hflobda? – adamiani! b

ena, goneba da rCeva, j

mtris da moyvaris garCeva, j
ai, riT qveynad irCeva j
es qva da adamiani! b
(tabiZe 1988: 482-483)

Turqul leqswyobaSi cnobilia yoSmis odnav saxecvlili

sqemebic (javeliZe1988: 81), romelTa sailustraciod movix-
mobT galaktionis ramdenime leqss:

`auCqara cxenma gzaSi~

auCqara cxenma gzaSi, a

qimerebma dahkres taSi, a
daakivla elvam caSi a
da Rrublebma Seajera. b

aha, brZola daaTava, c

napovnia mzis saTave, C
dauWira raSs sadave. C
xedavT? igi SeaCera! b
(tabiZe 1988:256)

***
mogonebaTa Tovis a
mohqris niavi Sovis, a
sxva siSoreTa Soris a
aRimarTeba buba. b

moSorebuli tfiliss, c
nacnobs avyvebi biliks, c
mogonebebis tkbilis c
rom gaiSalos quCa. b
(tabiZe 1988: 528)

273
 ***
me mivdiodi erTi, a
sadac maRali ferdi, a
viT uZvelesi RmerTi, a
amarTuliyo cada. b

Cven mivdiodiT ori, c

ganvvleT Wala da gori, c
Sori mTebidan qori c
Tan mogvyveboda gzada. b

Cven mivdiodiT sami, d

gzebze daeca nami, d
iyo saRamo wami , d
gamWvirvale da sada. b
(tabiZe 1988:591)

ganxiluli myari saleqso forma – yoSma – axali for-

mebis Ziebis kvalobaze Turqul-azerbaijanuli poeti-
kidan aris gadmoRebuli da qarTul leqsiT sivrceSi
damkvidrebuli.

damowmebani:

beriZe 1995: beriZe r. `Mmyari saleqso formebi~. literaturis Teoriis

safuZvlebi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba,1995.
tabiZe 1988: tabiZe g. Txzulebani or wignad. wigni I. leqsebi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1988.
SayulaSvili 1970: SayulaSvili g. saiaTnovas azerbaijanuli leqsebi
Teimuraziseuli davTris mixedviT. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniere-
ba~,1970.
javeliZe 1988: javeliZe e. Turquli poetika. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`ganaTleba~,1988.

274
 ***

nunu balavaZe

simon Ciqovani – nikoloz baraTaSvilis

`STamomavali“ – Sinaarssa da formaSi gamoxatuli
valdebuleba
statiaSi saubaria simon Ciqovanis poeturi teqstebis
mimarTebaze nikoloz baraTaSvilis poeziasTan, kerZod, ro-
gor aisaxeba sulieri memkvidreobis Segneba teqstebSi, ufro
metad ki, roca leqsebi uSualod nikoloz baraTaSvils
eZRvneba.
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom futurizmis warmomadgen-
loba poetis SemoqmedebaSi garkveul gamocdilebad, xo-
lo nikoloz baraTaSvilis memkvidred Tavis gamocxadeba
tradiciul poeziasTan ziarebis winapirobad, SeiZleba
CaiTvalos.
simon Ciqovanis baraTaSvilisadmi miZRvnil leqsebSi
mkiTxveli aSkarad SeamCnevs im poetur saxeebs, romlebi-
Tac `xelmZRvanelobs“ `meranis“ avtori, rac ara mxolod
SinaarsSi, aramed formaSic gamoixateba. formaSi igulis-
xmeba sazomi, romelic erTgvar efeqts qmnis da am ori
poetis Semoqmedebis rogorc `eqspresiul-azrobriv,“ ise
`simbolur“ da `mxedvelobiT“ (manana yifiani) kavSirSi
gvarwmunebs. simon Ciqovani – e. w. `inteleqtualuri liri-
kis warmomadgeneli“ – asociaciuri mxatvruli saxeebiT
azrovnebs.
niSandoblivi da sagulisxmoa toponimebi (mtkvari, mTaw-
minda), romlebic simon CiqovanTanac, tradiciulad, iwveven
mudmiv sevdasa da fiqrs.
Sesabamisad, nikoloz baraTaSvilisa da simon Ciqovanis
poeziis urTierTmimarTeba poetis mier aRiarebul valde-
bulebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rac rogorc SinaarsSi, ise
formaSic gamoixateba.
275
 kritika SeniSnavs, rom simon Ciqovanis `inteleqtualu-
ri lirikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia `asociaciuri poeturi
saxeebiT azrovneba“ (yifiani 2006: 82) da `gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas iqcevs mimarTva nikoloz baraTaSvilisadmi,
romelsac poetma araerTi leqsiT mimarTa“ (sigua 1988: 263),
xolo simon Ciqovani am asociaciur poetur saxeebs uSualod
baraTaSvilis poeziidan iRebs. ambobs kidec: `baraTaSvilis
da WavWavaZis me var modgma da pirdapiri STamomavali“.
kavSiri imdenad didi da mZafria, rom avtori xSirad
dialogsac mimarTavs baraTaSvilTan, anda, ufro zustad
Tu vityviT, simon Ciqovanis poeziis lirikuli gmiri gancde-
biT, msoflmxedvelobiTa da mxatvruli saxeebiT emsgavseba
romantikosi poetis lirikul gmirs:

da Tu Sen fiqrob, jer me bavSvi var,

sibrZnis kbili jerac maklia da Zlier vCqarob,
me gipasuxeb: guli didi maqvs,
adamianTa var saZirkveli
da Seni sisxli Cem ZarRvSi rom dgas
STamomavlobas me davumtkiceb.
(`miZRvna nikoloz baraTaSvils“)

simon Ciqovanis Semoqmedebis pirveli etapi-futurizmis

warmomadgenloba, erTgvari gamocdilebaa misi poeziisTvis
da SevniSnavT imasac, rom mravaljer yuradRebis gamaxvi-
leba baraTaSvilis sulier memkvidreobaze, mis poeziasTan
organul kavSirTan erTad, monaniebadac SeiZleba CaiT-
valos, vinaidan es kavSiri simon CiqovanisTvis erTdro-
ulad niSnavs warsulis kulturuli memkvidreobis Sinagani
kavSiris Rrma Segnebasa da polemikas, radgan aSkarad Cans,
rom poetisTvis ganmsazRvrelia `tradiciisa da novatoro-
bis maradiuli urTierTmimarTebebi“ (caiSvili 1990: 425).
`sagulisxmoa qarTul klasikur poeziasTan, kerZod,
baraTaSvilTan Sexmianebis momenti, rac marTlmorwmune fu-
turisTisTvis dauSvebeli unda yofiliyo“ (margvelaSvili
276
1959: 8) da sworedac es `dauSvebloba“ aRmoCnda futuris-
tuli ideebis rRvevisa da klasikur azrovnebasTan erT-erTi
winapiroba.
da Tuki:
1. `simon Ciqovani principuli mowinaaRmdegea poeziis
gaiolebisa“ (asaTiani 108).
2. `simon Ciqovanma SeZlo futuristuli Teoriisa da
praqtikis Sexameba“ (yifiani 2006: 9).
3. `riTma ganuyofeli atributia simon Ciqovanis po-
eziisa adamisi versifikaciuli da ritmul-intonaciuri
Taviseburebani gansazRvravs qarTuli leqsis mravalxmi-
anobasa da versifikaciul simdidres“ (nikoleiSvili 2000:
419), maSin nikoloz baraTaSvilis poeziasTan saubrisas ze-
moaRniSnuli faqtorebic unda gaviTvaliswinoT.
sainteresoa misive mxatvruli saxeebiT xelmZRvanelo-
ba: `mtkvarTan fiqrebi adre davTese, TmaSi WaRara gamCaRe-
bia“ (`guls varskvlavebi ejaxebian“, 97) mkiTxveli SeamCnevs,
rom simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi tradiciad aris damkvidre-
buli baraTaSvilis poeturi saxeebi: `me ar mxiblavda sxva
mogoneba, damrCa sicocxlis manZili mokle, meubnebian, rom
mongolebma baraTaSvilis merani mokles... da me daRupul me-
rans davtiri...“ (`guls varskvlavebi ejaxebian“, 26).
sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom simon Ciqovanis 1939 wliT
daTariRebul krebulSi leqsebi: `meubnebian mtkvari da
mtkvari“, `mTawmindis Rame“, `fiqrni mTawmindaze“, `nikoloz
baraTaSvili“dabeWdilia ciklSi `fiqrni mtkvris piras“,
xolo ukve 1950 wlis krebulSi leqsi `fiqrni mTawmindaze“
Setanilia saTauriT `mTawmindaze“, aseve leqsi `nikoloz
baraTaSvili“ Sesulia saTauriT `nikoloz baraTaSvilis
savaneSi“ – rogorc Cans, poeti ara mxolod uZRvnis bara-
TaSvils leqsebs, aramed gamudmebiT muSaobs miseul mxat-
vrul saxeebsa da leqsis formalur mxareze.
poetisTvis sityvis vizualuri, bgerweruli da azrobri-
vi mxare ganucalkevebeli fenomenia. rogorc Tavad ambobs:
`sityva xSirad Semoqmedebis dros fonetikur naTesavebad
277
Sedis leqsSi. azri Sorsaa, magram fonetikuria, enaTesaveba
leqss da SemoiWreba SigniT“ (`gaxseneba“, 25). aqedan gamomdi-
nare, simon CiqovanTan moqmedebebic ki, romlebic barTaS-
vils Seexeba – `mniSvnelobs“ (r. siraZe); magaliTad, moqmede-
ba da mizania, roca poeti ganizraxavs Tbilisis datovebasa
da mTawmindaze asvlas. `mec mtkvars davtoveb da mTawmin-
daze aval, davxedo gawolil Tbiliss“ (`meubnebian mtkvari
da mtkvari“, 28) – aRniSnuli leqsi, roca baraTaSvilis suli-
er memkvidreobas vexebiT da am ciklis teqstebze vsaubrobT,
maTs `Sesavaladac“ SeiZleba miviCnioT.
nikoloz baraTaSvili simon Ciqovanis alter egoa da mi-
sadmi leqsebi, saTqmelica da sazomebic, baZaven, amboben
baraTaSvilis saTqmels. leqsSi `mTawmindis Rame“, simon Ci-
qovani toponimebs-mtkvars, mTawmindas mimarTavs, romlebic
TiTqmis yvela leqsSi dominirebs. teqsti sonetis struq-
turiTaa dawerili da 5/4/5 sazomiT, iseve rogorc nikoloz
baraTaSvilis `SemoRameba mTawmindazed“:

me maxlavs leqsi varskvlavebiT gamoyvanili,

radgan miZRoda samSobloSi baraTaSvili.

meore leqsi `fiqrni mTawmindaze“, romelic wina leqsis

ideuri gagrZelebaa, iseve rogorc me-2, me-4, me-6, me-8 da
me-10 strofebi baraTaSvilis leqsisa `SemoRameba mTawmin-
dazed“.

mTao, minaxavs velni verani da udaburi Seni mxareni

ganavardeba medgar meranis, damafiqrvelni Semogareni.

– baraTaSviliseuli `personaJebi“: saRamo, mwuxri, `caze

varskvlavi dakidebuli“, epiTetebi: `damafiqrvelni Semo-
gareni“, `veranani da mTa udaburi“, mimarTvebic -`mTao“,
moqmedebebic: `Sen gagondeba rogor davrbodi...“/ `axsovs
Zveli dro rogor davrbodi“ aseve peizaJebi – `ra saRamoa! ar
menaneba me mTawmindaze SemoRameba“. kritikaSic mravaljer
278
SeiniSneba, rom `simon Ciqovaniss poezia yuradRebas ipyrobs
bunebis suraTebis poeturi aRweriTac“ (nikoleiSvili 2000:
402).
simon Ciqovani saubrebSi aRniSnavda, rom mas, rogorc po-
ets, yovelTvis `sWirdeboda literaturuli wyaro, cocxa-
li sagnobrivi warmodgena“ (Ciqovani 2004: 45) Sesabamisad,
cocxali sagnobrivi warmodgena misTvis nikoloz baraTaS-
vilis pirovnebac aris da misi poeziac, romelic simon Ci-
qovanma baraTaSvilisadmi miZRvnili leqsebis Sinaarssa da
formaSi erTdroulad daadastura.

damowmebani:

margvelaSvili 1959: margvelaSvili g. simon Ciqovani. Tbilisi: 1959.

nikoleiSvili 2000: nikoleiSvili a. XX saukunis qarTuli literatu-
ris istoriis narkvevebi. t. III. Tbilisi: 2000.
sigua 1988: sigua s. literaturisa da tradiciis barieri. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1988.
yifiani 2006: yifiani m. futurizmi qarTul mwerlobaSi da simon Ci-
qovanis poeturi gza. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba xareba“, 2006.
Ciqovani 1939: Ciqovani s. leqsebi. Tbilisi: 1939.
Ciqovani 1950: Ciqovani s. leqsebi, poemebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemlonba
`saxelgami“, 1950.
Ciqovani 2003: Ciqovani s. asi leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani“,
2003.
Ciqovani 2004: Ciqovani s. gaxseneba. Tbilisi: qarTuli literaturis
saxelmwifo muzeumis gamomcemloba `literaturuli matiane“, 2004.
caiSvili 1990: caiSvili s. qarTuli mwerloba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`merani“, 1990.

279
cira komaxiZe

futurizmisa da dadaizmis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi

simon Ciqovani – „cira“

kulturis istoriis manZilze xelovnebis araerTi dargi

Camoyalibda, ganviTarda, saxe icvala da a.S. literaturis
CamoyalibebasTan erTad, ganviTarda ideur-formobrivi sa-
xesxvaobebi, romlebsac dRes Janrebs vuwodebT. droTa gan-
mavlobaSi gamovlinda maTi sinqronuli, ucvleli, uryevi
da diaqronuli, periodulad cvalebadi maxasiaTeblebi.
diaqronul WrilSi TiTeul periods aerTianebs istoriul-
kulturuli Tu socialuri konteqsti, Sidaliteraturuli
procesebi da is mimdinareobad yalibdeba. Sesabamisad, li-
teraturul mimdinareobebs aqvT TavianTi maxasiaTeblebi.
erT-erTi aseTi mimdinareobaa modernizmi, romlis wiaRSic
Caisaxa simbolizmi, avangardi, futurizmi, dadaizmi da a.S.
modernizmi (modernis epoqa) araerTi kuTxiT gamoirCa da
moiazreba rogorc erTgvari afeTqeba yvela sferoSi (poli-
tika, mecniereba, xelovneba...). mecnierulma winsvlam – ato-
mis aRmoCena, darvinis adamianis evoluciis Teoria, ainSta-
inis fardobiTobis Teoria da a.S., ganapiroba mniSvnelovani
Zvrebi individis fsiqikaSi, saukuneebis manZilze gamyare-
buli Rirebulebebi da faseulobebi mTlianad gadafasda da
mTavari rgoli, rwmena, didi eWvis qveS dadga. Tumca, verc
mecnierebam SeZlo admaianis interesebis dakmayofileba,
garkveul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema. gaCnda nihilisturi gan-
wyoba, romelicmTel msoflios moedo da araerTgvarovani
doziT da doneze ganviTarda sxvadasxva socio-kulturul
garemoSi.
modernizmis wiaRsa da gamosavlis povnis ZiebaSi Camoya-
libda futurizmi. futuristuli proeqti gulisxmobda is-
toriis dasasruls da axali epoqis dasawyiss, aseve, axali
tipis adamianis Camoyalibebas, romelic am epoqis Semoq-
280
medi unda gamxdariyo. futuristebis ideebi erTi mxriv iyo
racionaluri da ganmanaTlebluri, xolod meore mxriv, ira-
cionaluri da garkveul SemTxvevebSi, paradoqsulic. isini
iziarebdnen darvinis Teorias bunebrivi gadarCevis Sesaxeb,
aRiarebdnen omisa da axalgazrdebis upiratesobas – „Cven
gvsurs ganvadidoT omi – kacobriobis erTaderTi higiena –
militarizmi, patriotizmi, anarqistTa damangreveli Jesti,
Tavganwirvis Rirsi mSvenieri ideebi da qalis mimarT zizRi...
Cven aRar gvsurs warsulis cnoba, Cven axalgazrda da Zlier
futuristebs!“–(marineti 1909) – amavdroulad, Tuki omi
ganwmendis saSualebaa, vin midis omSi?! – axalgazrda Taoba!
aseve, futuristebis individualoba gulisxmobda momavlis
mSeneblobas, erTiani ZalebiT da, imavdroulad, uaryofda
masobriobas.
futuristuli poezia agebuli iyo sityvaTa TamaSze da
TiToeuli teqsti Ria iyo rogorc improvizaciis, ise Tavis-
ufali wakiTxvisTvis. didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda marinetis
“parole in liberta” – scnebas, anu, mniSvnelobisgan gaTavisufle-
buli sityvebis cnebas. futuristebisTvis mniSvnelovani
iyo tabula rasa-s (epistemologiuri idea, romlis mixedviTac
adamiani ibadeba mentaluri bazisis gareSe, amitom, codna ga-
mocdilebis da aRzrdis Sedegad moiazreba) cneba, romelic
axal istoriul droSi axali gamocdilebis dagrovebas, moma-
valze orientirebasa da xelovnebis cxovrebaSi gadmotanas
gulisxmobs. isini prioritetulad miiCnevdnen froidiseul
aracnobiers (froidi iyo pirveli, vinc Camoayaliba Teoria
aracnobieris arsebobis Sesaxeb. adamianis qmedebas, romlis
axsna da aRwera mas ar SeuZlia, e.w. Sinagani impulsebi moiaz-
reboda aracnobier nakadad) inerciul azrovnebas, kinema-
tografizms, sinTetizms da a.S., Sesabamisad, futuristul
poeziaSi Sinaarsis Zeieba naklebad legitimuria. „maTTvis
mniSvnelovani iyo ara axali ferweruli namuSevrebis an li-
teraturuli teqstebis Seqmna, aramed axali adamianis Seqmna
xelovnebis saSualebiT“ (lomiZe 2016: 310). futuristebi mi-
iCnevdnen, rom sagnebma da movlenebma mniSvneloba Seicva-
281
les, isini deavtomatizebuli aRqmis saSualebiT, „gaucxovd-
nen“, sxvagvari aRqmis monawileebi gaxsnen. Sesabamisad, tabula
rasas cneba, froidiseuli aracnobieri da saganTa da movle-
naTa gansxvavebuli aRqma swored axali epoqis dasawyiss,
axali msoflmxedvelobis mqone individis Camoyalibebas gu-
lisxmobda (gaga lomiZe).
futuristebi TavianTi manifestebiT daupirispirdnen
yvelafer klasikursa da tradiciuls, miiCnevdnen, rom sa-
Wiro iyo muzeumebisa da arsebuli xelovnebis ganadgure-
ba: „Cven gvsurs gavanadguroT muzeumebi, biblioTekebi da
yvelanairi akademiebi... gvsurs gavaTavisufloT Cveni qveyana
profesorTa, arqeologTa, eqskursiamZRolTa da antikvarTa
myrali gangrenisagan... muzeumebi sasaflaoa!...“ (marineti
1909). swored amgvarma revoluciurma ganwyobilebam erTi
mxriv faSizmisa da meore mxriv, komunizsmis Camoyalibebas
Seuwyo xeli. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, futurizmi evropaSi
politikurad angaJirebuli iyo da misi warmomadgenlebi say-
vedurobdnen simbolistebs am ukanasknelTa umoqmedobisa da
indiferentulobis gamo.
saqarTveloSi futurizmi saxecvlili formiT ganviTar-
da. pirvel yovlisa, is ar iyo politikurad angaJirebuli,
ar kargavda erovnul motivebs, imis miuxedavad, rom ideis
doneze uaryofda warsul xelovnebas da, aseve, futurizmi
da simbolizmi sinTezurad arsebobdnen, isini erTgvarad
avsebdnen erTmaneTs.
qarTuli futuristuli Jurnalebi, magaliTad „saqar-
Tvelo-feniqsi“, gulisxmobda warsulis memkvidreobis
aRorZinebas, erovnul aRorZinebas, qarTuli kulturis ev-
ropuli radiusiT gamarTvas, TviTidentifikacias, TviTdam-
kvirdebas da momavalze orientirebas – aRniSnuli midgoma
ar esadageba evropuls, kerZod, dasavluri futurizmisT-
vis warsuli calsaxad miuRebelia da mxolod uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba igrZnoba. Tumca, qarTuli futurizmic
upirispirdeboda warsuls, oRond, mxolod esTetikuri
TvalsazrisiT. amas adasturebs Semdegi Jurnalis „H2SO4“
282
saxelwodebac – futuristebs am mJaviT warsuli xelovnebis
ganadgureba surdaT, Tumca warsul xelovnebaSi ar igulis-
xmeba xalxuri Semoqmedeba: „komunisturma revoluciam mo-
spo politikuri romantika Seqmnili feodaluri da wvrili
bulJuaziuli moazrovneebis mier, romelic istoriulad
amaxinjebda qarTul originalur Semoqmedebas – amitom iyo
qarTuli xelovneba istoriulad plagiati (xalxuri Semoq-
medebis gareSe)“ („H2SO4“).
futurizmis wiaRSi Caisaxa dadaisturi mimarTuleba.
dadas Camoyalibeba tristan tcaras saxels ukavSirdeba,
romelmac leqsikonSi SemTxveviT daado TiTi sityva „dadas“,
rac xis saTamaSo cxens niSnavs da simbolurad aRwers kidec
aRniSnuli mimarTulebis ideur-esTetikur mxares. dadais-
tebi futuristebisgan gansxvavebiT ar iyvnen omis momxreni
da „msoflio higienad“ ar aRiqvamdnen. maT „msoflios Za-
ladobisgan gaTavisuflebis mizniT, upiratesoba bavSvis
fsiqikamde dasvlas mianiWes. Tu adamianis goneba ar ivar-
jiSebda da mas mxolod absurduli winadadebebi miewode-
boda, droTa ganmavlobaSi is gabaTildeboda da mTel de-
damiwaze yvelani didi bavSvebi iqnebodnen. aris erTgvari
msgavseba dadaizmis infantilobasa da privitivizms Soris
– erTi mxriv, rogorc protesti mowesrigebuli da gamoc-
dilebiT miRebuli formebis mimarT da, meore mxriv, rogorc
tabula rasa – bavSviviT sufTa, romelsac cnobierebaSi cvli-
leba unda moexdina – oRond ara futuristebiseuli „axali
adamianis“ msgavsi. dadaistebisTvis cxovreba absurduli
iyo da amitomac xelovani swored absurdul cxovrebas asa-
xavda“ (lomiZe 2016: 316).
dadaizmi futurizmze metad radikaluri movlena iyo,
romelis daupirispirda praqtikulad yvelafers, esTeti-
kur, kulturis Tu xelovnebis normebs. maTTvis cxovreba in-
fantiluri movlena iyo, iracionaluri da TamaSis principze
agebuli, SemTxveviTobebis wyeba. „dada aris fsixikis gan-
wmenda. dadam aiRo mrecxavis roli rom Tanadrouli fsixika
gaswmindos yvela simZimeebisgan romelic awevs fsixikas ro-
mantiuli saukuneebidan“ („H2SO4“ – simon Ciqovani)
283
 „axali meTodisa Tu literaturuli mimdinareobis dabade-
ba, wamyvani Janris Secvla, rac istoriuli ganviTarebiT
aris Sepirobebuli, iwvevs fonetikisadmi damokidebulebis
cvlilebas“ (doiaSvili 2012: 292). evfoniuri organizaciis
principi araerTxel Seicvala, antikurobidan moyolebu-
li, dRemde. poeziisa da musikis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas
pirvelad romantikosebi Seecadnen, maTTvis musikaluroba
da evfoniuri ganlageba Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo – pirve-
lis idumali mSveniereba da mJReri sityvebis Tanmimdevru-
loba Zlier emociur zegavlenas axdenda. aRniSnul midgoma
radikalur formamde miiyvanes simbolistebma, isini miiCev-
dnen, rom „xelovnebis yoveli dargis amosaval punqtad aqvs
sinamdvile, xolo sabolood – musika (a. beli – simbolizmi)“
(doiaSvili 2012: 293)Tumca, leqsis musikaloba simbolist-
TaTvis araerT komponents gulisxmobda, rogorc formo-
brivs – mdidari riTmebi, asonansebi, aliteraciebi, rTuli
polifonia, ise semantikur mxares, mxatvrul saxeTa mraval-
ferovnebas, metaforebis, simboloebisa Tu epiTetebis sin-
Tezs. isini leqsis formobriv-Sinaarsobrivi kavSiriT musi-
kasTan, metad eqspresiul poezias qmnidnen. fonikisadmi
sruliad gansxvavebul damokidebulebas vxedavT futuris-
tebis SemoqmedebaSi.
dadaizmis mTavari da radikaluri ganmasxvavebeli niSania
zaumis, e.w. „WkuismiRmuri enis“ Seqmna. „kruConixi werda, rom
azri da gamoTqma ver eweva STagonebulis gancdas, amitom
mxatvars ufleba aqvs, imetyvelos ara marto saerTo eniT
(cnebebiT), aramed piradi eniTac (Semoqmedi individualu-
ria) da, agreTve, eniT, romelsac ara aqvs garkveuli mniS-
vneloba (ar aris gayinuli), zaumiT“ (doiaSvili 2012: 295).
zaumi mxatvrul saxes qmnis imave sistemiT, ra sistemi-
Tac iqmneba musika, anu, bgerebiT miRebuli emociebidan
saxisken. Tumca, leqsis am principiT ageba SeuZlebelia,
„radgan sametyvelo da musikalur bgerebs Soris mkveTri
sxvaobaa. musikalur bgerebs aqvs mudmivi tonis simaRle,
rac saSualebas iZleva aigos melodia. sametyvelo bgerebis
284
simaRle ki aramdgradia, rac melodiuri frazis Seqmnas
gamoricxavs“ (doiaSvili 2012: 296). amitom, sabolood zaumi
mxolod agebis principiT hgavs musikas da ara melodiuro-
biTa Tu harmoniulobiT.
saqarTveloSi futurizmis Camoyalibeba ukavSirdeba
damoukideblobis miRebas 1918 wels da ganviTarebad sa-
xelmwifoSi araerTi ucxoeli (didwilad rusi) xelovanis
Camosvlas, Tbilisi multikulturuli centri gaxda. si-
mon Ciqovanma, nikoloz CaCavam, nikoloz beliaSvilma, da-
viT gaCeCilaZem, besarion JRentma, grigol oragveliZem,
pol nozaZem, aleqsandre gabeskiriam da mzia erisTavma 1922
wlis 23 aprils Tbilisis konservatoriis SenobaSi pirveli
futuristuli literaturuli saRamo gamarTes, imave wlis
6-7 maiss ki amave saxelwodebis SemoqmedebiTi jgufis pirve-
li manifesti – „saqarTvelo-feniqsi“ gamosces. aRniSnuli
manifesti mowmonda axali literaturuli dajgufebis Ca-
moyalibebas saqarTveloSi. Semdgom, „Jurnali (H2SO4) ixsneba
manifestiT, romelSic gansazRvruli da Camoyalibebulia
qarTeli futuristebis umTavresi saprogramo principebi:
1. „qarTuli xelovneba sruliad daSorda Tanadroulo-
bas, qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSenebloba da Semoqme-
deba gaimijna“
2. „qarTuli literaturuli tradicia uaryofil unda
iqnes, rogorc Zveli da rogorc feodaluri burJuaziuli
gemovnebiT Seqmnili xelovneba“
3. proletaruli poetebi, romelTac mxolod pretenzia
aqvT revolucionerobisa, ar arian xelovnebis, socialis-
tur-revoluciuri xelovnebis gamomxatvelni, imitom rom
isini Zelis gavlenis qveS imyofebian, maT ver gawyvites kav-
Siri literaturul memkvidreobasTan“
4. „Cveni „dada“ futurizmi da konstruqtivizmi ixsneba
sruli revoluciuri da komunisturi aRmSeneblobiTi
sawyisebiT“ (nikoleiSvili 2002: 398).
saqarTveloSi futuristuli proeqtis erT-erTi mowi-
nave monawile iyo simon Ciqovani. misi Semoqmedeba SeiZleba
285
or etapad davyoT – pirveli, rodesac is futuristul-da-
daistur xelovnebas qmnida da meore, klasikuri periodi. Tu
pirvel SemTxvevaSi Cven vxedavT erTgvarad radikalur mid-
gomebs: „poeziis ganvlili revoluciis Semdeg, komunisturi
saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobiT struqturis poliaruli po-
ezias aqvs Semdegi perspeqtivebi:
I. konstruqcia myofaduri xelovnebis (rogorc aparatis)
II. konstruqcia myofaduri realobis
III. konstruqcia myofaduri fsixikis (apratis saSuale-
biT)“ (H2SO4 – simon Ciqovani), mogvianebiT is aRniSnuli pe-
riodis Semoqmedebas axalgazrdul gatacebas uwodebs: „me
TviTon gazrdili viyavi qarTul da rusul poetur kultu-
raze. rus poetTagan puSkinisa da lermontovis garad gansa-
kuTrebiT miyvarda tutCevi. amitom futurizmis poziciebze
gadasvla niSnavda CemTvis Ceul SexedulebaTa da midreki-
lebaTa Secvlas. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, sityvaze Tavise-
buri muSaobis ramdenime wlis Semdeg me da Cemi megobrebis
umravlesoba davcildiT „memarcxeneobas“ (nikoleiSvili
2002: 399).
simon Ciqovanis futuristul Semoqmedebaze saubrisas
unda vigulisxmoT leqsebis krebuli „orkestruli leqsa-
loba“, romelSic Tavmoyrilia rogorc futuristuli, ise
dadaisturi poezia. statiis farglebSi yuradRebas gavamax-
vilebT miT erT-erT leqsze, romelic veriko anjafariZes
mieZRvna, „cira“:

bade baidebs
bude baidebs
cira muxlebze gulfiltvs daidebs.
aida-baidebs, aido baidebs,
cira ciba, cira warbi,
cira wabli,warbenili.
ca kuTxuri, cakuTxedi, xidbogiri odeliodo bude,
odeliodo ca,
mdinaris piras cxenebi mocda.
286
cira Sindi,
sors baidiT gadafrindi.
ude bude,
udevs bade
da baidebs
obadebi abadia.
gadafrindnen, gadmofrindnen,
frinvelebi ubinadro.
odeliodo umbo bude,
odeliodo ukibedro
xidbogit Seevedre. rze cira cibas,
obobebiT Seevedre.
ubinadro uZaridro
Zarbaidebs cisaadgami
curavs zRvaSi camebuli
gemebs moaqvs
ialqarze cabokoni,
tyes darvirTavs wamebuli
odeliodo ca,
ude bude
udevs bade
obobamde.
futi buxris warbebs moxris.
cira guliT gamocrili
gamoicira gamoxidi
cisbokonebs gamoxede
odeliodo TuTa
TuTa, do cafari
neSogamo da cabari,
cira gaTxelda,
rogorc Cafara.
cira ciba,
tori tanze da fafari
Sara warbi warbenili,
gamoguli wabolilo gamofita
287
 wamoguli Sors baidebs,
rommihyavxar gabutuli.
gamoguli mziT mdinare,
damSrali da gamargili
gamogulimoTuTo da umbo bba.
bade bude, mdinare baidebs.
cira Sindi,
obobebze gadafrindi,
ude bude,
udevs bade
da baidebs
obadebi abadia.

1925 weli, ianvari

rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnul leqsSi formobrivi Tvalsaz-

risiT ar aris riTma, arc aliteracia, asonansi, anafora, epi-
fora Tu sxva. miuxedavad imisa, rom dadaisturi Semoqmedeba
arsobrivad musikis Seqmnis princips exmianeba, bgeridan sax-
isken, am leqss araferi aqvs saerTo musikalurobasTan. rac
Seexeba Sinaarsobriv mxares, Cven vxedavT iseT sityvebsac,
romelTac aqvT semantika da iseTsac, romlebic sruliad
gaugebaria. sabolood ki, mkiTxveli sruliad Tavisufa-
lia interpretaciis TvalsazrisiT, mas SeuZlia nebismieri
misTvis misaRebi emociiT Sexedos ucnob sityvas, magaliTad
„obadebi“, ra gancdas tovebs es sityva?! romel emociur Sres
exeba bgeraTa warmodgenili kombinacia?! „aq (ig. „orkestru-
li leqsaloba“) alagalag, ukiduresobamdea miyvanili bgerw-
eruli foierverkebi. poeti Warbad iyenebs misTvis mSobliur
megrul leqsikas, riTac am Tavisebur cdebs egzotikuri
elferi eZleva. aseTebia: qarboria, mekameCeebis urmuli,
sidu, cira da a.S. poeti garkveul ganwyoobilebas ki qmnis,
magram striqonTa did nawilSi raime mwyobri azris, Sinaarsis
Zebna ar iqneboda gamarTlebuli, yovelive es Tanmimdevrul,
logikur metyvelebas ar emorCileba. STabeWdileba iqneba,

288
rom wamosrolilia calkeuli, gamokveTilad JReradi si-
tyvebi da maT Soris kavSiris damyarebaze avtori naklebad
zrunavs. ise Cans, rom poetma miseburad moikla axalgazr-
duli Jini, roca TanxmierebiT ucnaurad dawyvilebuli si-
tyvebis tevrSi laRad ganavardebis ufleba misca Tavs“
(kvitaiSvili 2014: 51).
futurizmias da dadaizmis Camoyalibeba, simon Ciqovanis
leqsebis simZime, rTuli wyoba da a.S. swored rom Sesa-
ferisia im realobis, romlis farglebSic warmoiSva. imedi,
romelsac realizmi eyrdnoboda da saxavda erTdroulad,
me-20 sk-is dasawyisSi gaumarTlebel proeqtad warmoCnda
da saWiro gaxda radikaluri zomebis miReba. axali imedis
dabadeba, romelsac araferi eqneboda saerTo warsulTan:
„awmyo, warsulis uarmyofeli, aris mSobeli momavlisa“ –
(Ciqovani-nikoleiSvili 2002: 398), romelic gaanadgurebda
warsul xelovnebas: „yovel naz Congurs daswyviteT simi da
mkvdar Rimilsac CamoexseniT,/Zveli grZnobebis davaZroT
fesvi da gadavferoT cxovrebis leqsi,/moqalaqenob quCebi
SevqmnaTb axali gegma avwonoT misxliT./davartyaT TavSi
lirikas Ceqma da davadinoT cisferi sisxli./gaiwmindeba mo-
mavlis fesvi da gaimarjvebs axali leqsi“ („mowodeba, 1927, gv:
400). magram, futuristul-dadaisturi proeqti maleve Ta-
vad Cabarda warsuls, poetTa didi nawili isev klasikuri le-
qsis weras Seudga, zogma prozas mihyo xeli da radikaluri,
„memarcxeneobrivi“ midgomebi aRar iyo aqtualuri. simon Ci-
qovanis ufro gviandel Semoqmedebasac ukve aRaraferi aqvs
saerTo aRniSnul modernistul tendenciebTan. Tumca, unda
aRiniSnos, rom warmodgenili nakali Zalian mniSvnelovania,
radgan is erTgvari gamoZaxilia im problemebis, romelic
me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi arsebobda TiTqmis mTel msofli-
oSi, sxvadasxva doneze da doziT. „qarTul mwerlobaSi fu-
turizmma rogorc literaturulma skolam Tavisi kvali
uTuod datova. kerZod, simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi yvelaze ti-
purad aRibeWda futurizmis „zaumikuri eqsperimentaluri
289
cdebi, rekonstruqtuli, orkestruli mwerloba“ (Wilaia
1980: 75-76).
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom futurizmisa da da-
daizmis Camoyalibeba zogadad, erTgvari krizisis maCvenebe-
lia. miznebi da amocanebi, romelic am mimdinareobam daisaxa
– asobgeraTa daxmarebiT mieRwiaT musikalurobisTvis, ga-
nuxorcielebeli darCa. simon Ciqovanis moxmobili leqsi
„cirac“ gaugebrobis da bundovanebis gancdas tovebs, ver
vxedavT sasmenad sasiamovno bgeraTa wyobas, verc konkre-
tuli saxis Cvenebas (miuxedavad imisa, rom cnobilia, aRniS-
nuli leqsi veriko anjafariZes miuZRvna). CvenTvis, es mov-
lena sainteresoa ufro socialuri mdgomareobis kuTxiT,
romelic aisaxa xelovnebaSi da maT Soris simon Ciqovanis
leqsebis garkveul ciklSi „orkestruli leqsaloba“. es aris
mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso kulturul procesebSi Car-
Tulobis da poetis SemoqmedebiTi ganviTarebis erTi etapis
saCveneblad.

damowmebani:

doiaSvili 2012: doiaSvili T. literaturaTmcodneobis Sesavami.

Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „mwignobari“, 2012.
kvitaiSvili 2014: kvitaiSvili e. sjani, №10-11, Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcem-
loba, 2014.
lomiZe 2016: lomiZe g. qarTuli modernizmis tipologia. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba „meridiani“, 2016.
lomiZe 2016: lomiZe g. qarTuli literatura. istoria saerTaSoriso
literaturuli procesebis prizmaSi. nawili II. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„saari“, 2016.
marineti 1909: http://www.bu.org.ge/books/1217_%E1%83%9B%E1%8
3%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2
%E1%83%98%20%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%8
3%9E%E1%83%9D%20%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%
E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%20_%20%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E
1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%
290
E1%83%A1%20%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83
%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%20%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%20
%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%-
94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98.doc
nikoleiSvili 2002: nikoleiSvili a. XX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba.
quTaisi: quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 2002.
sigua 1976: sigua s. epoqa da stilis problema. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„sabWoTa saqarTvelo“,1976.
sigua 2008: sigua s. modernizmi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „mwerlis gaze-
Ti“, 2008.
Ciqovani: http://poetry.ge/poets/simon-chikovani/poems/445.tsira.htm
Wilaia 1962: Wialaia s. meoce saukunis qarTuli mwerloba. nawili
mesame. Tbilisi: saxelmwifo gamomcemloba „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“,1962.
Wilaia 1980: Wilaia s. wlebi da problemebi. nawili pirveli. Tbilisi:
Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1980.
H2SO4. http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/147188

291
salome lomouri

aTmarcvliani (4/4/2) sazomi simon Ciqovanis

poeziaSi

aTmarcvliani sazomi – 4/4/2 qarTul poeziaSi aRorZine-

bis periodis poetTa wyalobiT damkvidrda da meoce sauku-
neSi sakmaod farTod gavrcelda. „rogorc miuTiTeben, am
sazomiT Sesrulebuli leqsis pirveli nimuSi mamuka bara-
TaSvilis „WaSnikSi“ gvxvdeba – vaxtang VI-is mier dawerili
„muxranuli“ (barbaqaZe 2014: 167). Tumca T. barbaqaZis azriT,
„muxranulis“ mowyveta maRali Sairis ritmuli sqemisgan Se-
uZlebelia. igi ufro 4+4+2-ia, vidre aTmarcvliani sazomis
nairsaxeoba“ (barbaqaZe 2014: 176).
a. xinTibiZe SeniSnavs, rom 4/4/2 damoukidebel saleqso
formad unda ganvixiloT (xinTibiZe 1963: 177). sergi gorgaZe
ki xazs usvams, rom am metriT daweril leqsSi aucilebelia
cezura da mcire pauza (gorgaZe 1930: 23).
„muxranulis“ Semdeg 4/4/2-iT Sesrulebuli leqsis moZi-
eba qarTvel poetTa metrul repertuarSi Zalian gaZnelda;
miuxedavad imisa, rom daviT guramiSvili uaRresad afar-
Toebs qarTuli versifikaciis CarCoebs da uamrav variacias
mimarTavs, CvenTvis saintereso saxeoba 4/4/2 mxolod or le-
qsSi gvxvdeba calkeuli striqonebis saxiT“ (barbaqaZe 2014:
170).
me-19 saukuneSi es sazomi mxolod ilia WavWavaZis poezi-
aSi Cndeba ramdenime striqonis saxiT (mag. leqsSi „vis una-
xavs is edemi Slili“). xolo meoce saukuneSi mas ukve xSirad
vxvdebiT galaktionis, terenti granelis, simon Ciqovanis,
giorgi leoniZis da sxva poetTa SemoqmedebaSi.
Tamar barbaqaZe aRniSnavs, rom „4/4/2, rogorc siaxle,
mJRavndeba XVIII saukuneSi, reproduqciis garkveul, Tumca
mcire niSnebs amJRavnebs XIX saukuneSi, XX saukunis 10-iani
wlebidan – aRorZindeba, xolo 40-iani wlebidan ukve myarad

292
mkvidrdeba qarTul poeziaSi“ (barbaqaZe 2014: 170). aqve unda
vTqvaT, rom meoce saukuneSi sazomis aRorZineba galaktio-
nis saxels ukavSirdeba.
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi aTmarcvliani sazomi 4/4/2 sak-
maod bevr leqsSi gvxvdeba, calkec da sxva sazomebTan er-
Tadac. gansakuTrebiT xSirad gvaqvs heterosilabizmis dros
Tormetmarcvlian – 4/4/4-Tan monacvleobiT. poeti am for-
mas iyenebs „qarTlis saRamoebis“ cxra leqsSi, xolo 4/4/2-iT
aris dawerili aTi izosilaburi leqsi poemaSi „simRera
daviT guramiSvilze“. Ciqovanis poeziaSi aseve gvxvdeba
443/442, 44/442, 26/442/424/442, 442/333 variaciebi.
„am sazoms [4/4/2-s] poetebi ZiriTadad maSin iyeneben, ro-
desac mimarTvis forma, wodebiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli
unda gamohyon sagangebod an Zalian faqizi grZnobis, xsovnis
gaRviZebas cdiloben. es ori niSani: melodiuroba da mimar-
Tvis subieqtis arseboba 442-is aucilebel pirobad igu-
lisxmeba“ (barbaqaZe 2014: 176). simon Ciqovanis am sazomiT
Sesrulebuli leqsebi pirvel pirobas icavs, xolo meores
rac Seexeba, marTalia, umetesad pirdapiri adresati ar
gvyavs, magram aSkaraa naratiuli intonacia, TiTqos poeti
raRacas gviyveba. xSirad monaTxrobi saqarTvelos an Tavad
lirikuli gmiris warsuls Seexeba da naTlad Cans gadmoce-
muli istoriisadmi lirikuli gmiris damokidebuleba. erT-
erTi kargi magaliTia simon Ciqovanis cnobili leqsi –
„qarTveli deda“:

cxra Ze hyavda, cxra vaJkaci dedas, 4|4|2

mokazmuli xmliT da muzaradiT. 4|2|4
qarTlis droSa dauloca mxedarT, 4|4|2
ros dagvesxa mteri muxanaTi. 4|2|4

SejiriTdnen guladebi cecxlSi, 4|4|2

Cainerges mxolod vaJkacoba. 4|2|4
amSvenebdaT saqarTvelos eSxi, 4|4|2
TviTeulma xmali gaacofa. 4|2|4
293
 rvastrofiani leqsi aTmarcvlediT (442/424) aris awyo-
bili. riTma jvaredinia – abab. Ciqovani eqspresiulad gad-
mogvcems cxra Zmisa da maTi dedis gmirobis istorias. yovel
momdevno strofTan erTad izrdeba emocia da dinamikac. am
efeqts poeti umetesad gameorebebisa da aliteraciis wya-
lobiT aRwevs. pirvel striqonSi meordeba sityva – cxra,
riTac erTi mxriv xazi esmeba im faqts, rom cxra Ze – vaJka-
cia da meore mxriv, ikveTeba – deda. c, x, r, d – bgerebis ali-
teracia mTel leqss mihyveba. aseve xSirad meordeba – droSa,
romelic simbolurad saqarTvelos da mis Tavisuflebas/
damoukideblobas ganasaxierebs da romlis dasacavadac Zme-
bi sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZvian:

erTi daWres da Seirxa droSa.

deda gaCnda, mklavis anabara,
medroSe Svils SeaSvela locva,
momdevno Zes droSa Caabara.

am strofSi aqcenti droSaze gadadis da d, r, S bgerebis

aliteracia Warbobs. es simbolo mWidrod ukavSirdeba meb-
rZoli dedisa da Svilebis saxes. droSis dacviT isini Tavian-
Ti samSoblos Tavisuflebas icaven. niSandoblivia, rom deda
– uiaraRoa, mxolod sakuTari mklavis anabara. Svilebs ara
fizikuri xmliT, aramed locviT eSveleba. meeqvse katrenSi
dedas Tavad buneba erwymis da igi stiqiur Zalad gvevlineba,
mTeli saqarTvelos nawilad iqceva:

ar civdeba dedis xma da sisxli,

qarTlis nisliT saxe daebana,
mwvervaliviT amSvenebda nisli,
misi Tmebi wvimas daemgvana.

wvima dualisturi mxatvruli saxea – erTi mxriv igi si-

cocxlis momtania, mis gareSe cxovreba SeuZlebelia da axali
dasabamis, anda sicocxlis gagrZelebis aucilebel pirobas
294
warmoadgens da, amavdroulad, wvimis saxe SeiZleba glovis
simbolodac gaviazroT, romelic Tavis TavSi, tkivilTan
erTad, imedsac moiazrebs. poeti migvaniSnebs, rom Tum-
ca brZola tragikulad dasrulda, rac TavisTavad glovas
iwvevs, magram gmirebis sikvdili saboloo rodia, STamomav-
loba sicocxles gaagrZelebs da cxra Zmis dedis xmiT aRz-
rdili, aseTive vaJkacobas momavalSic gamoiCens.
Semdgom strofSi Ciqovani qeTevan dedofals axsenebs,
romelic fexSiSveli miuZRvis laSqars. niSandoblivia, rom
poeti swored mas moixmobs, radgan qeTevani mamulisaTvis
ara mxolod sulierad, aramed fizikuradac ewama da tanj-
viT aResrula. Sesabamisad, igi sulierad gacilebiT axlos
dgas cxra Zmis dedasTan, vidre sxva gmiri qalebi Cveni
istoriidan.
ukanasknel katrenSi dedis saxe kvlav ganzogadoebulia
da ara mxolod cxra Zmis, aramed mTeli saqarTvelos dedad
gvevlineba:

wamomdgari leCaqs wamoisvris.

goris cixiT axlac uxmobs mxedars:
– mamulisTvis, brZola mamulisTvis! –
qarSi rekavs saqarTvelos deda.

leqss met eqspresias matebs ritorikuli mimarTvebi,

romlebic meoTxe da merve katrenebSia. gameoreba da alite-
racia efeqts amZafrebs: „dasZaxoda: ar Seiryes tari (me-4
katreni)/ dasZaxoda, Tmebi ganiZarcva (me-5 katreni)“. dedis
xma eklesiis zaris xmasTan aris Sedarebuli: „viT samreklo,
rekda sasoebiT“; „qarSi rekavs saqarTvelos deda“. qristia-
nuli religia, meoTxe saukunidan moyolebuli, qarTveli
eris sisxlxorceuli nawili da dasayrdenia. igi didwilad
gansazRvravs Tavad qarTvelobas – rogorc nacias. Cveni is-
toria warmoudgenelia qristianuli rwmenis gareSe. buneb-
rivia, rom qarTveli dedis xma – eklesiis (RvTis amqveyniuri
warmomadgenlis), anu Tavad RmerTis xmad gvevlineba. swo-
295
red qristea is safuZveli, romelic qarTvelebis erovnuli
TviTSegnebis sayrdenad iqca. mamulisaTvis brZola qris-
tianobisTvis brZolasac niSnavs da meomrebs simamacisken
ara mxolod winaprebi, aramed Tavad ufalic mouwodebs.
„armazis aCrdilebis“ ciklSi Sesuli „Zveli mcxeTa“
saqarTvelos istoriis gacilebiT adreul periodze gviyve-
ba. am heterosilabur leqsSi 442/443 sazomebi enacvleba; igi
Ria da daxuruli, abab – jvaredini riTmebiT aris gamarTuli:

Zveli mcxeTa, saqarTvelos fuZe,

me var misi gazafxulis roSari.
SeveTvise, guliT davifurcle,
Srialeben vardebi da droSani.
(Ciqovani 2007: 33)

simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi saqarTvelis saxes xSirad ukav-

Sirdeba vazi. meRvineoba Cveni erT-erTi uZvelesi kulturaa.
amitom vazi xSirad saqarTvelos simbolodac gaiazreba. es
mxatvruli saxe „Zvel mcxeTaSic“ gvxvdeba. poetis gancxade-
biT „pirvel qarTvels aq daukravs bari,/ moxvevia venaxi
da asuli.“ warsuli awmyos ganuyofeli nawilia da dRemde
agrZelebs sicocxles – „samareSi sunTqavs pitiaxSi,/ miwiT
mesmis iaraRis JRaruni.“ Ciqovani Tavs pirveli qarTvelebis
STamomavlad miiCnevs („mcxeTa aris Cemi deduleTi, ar damW-
knara misi vazis furceli“) da xazs usvams, rom igi winapre-
bis tradiciaTa gamgrZelebelia:

mec avanTe momRerali cecxli,

papam peSviT momitana Radari.
sad gamqrala kera danakvercxli?
pirvelqmnili Cemi kvamli sad ari?
(Ciqovani 2007: 33)

papis mier gadmocemuli codna ar dakargula, mas „qariS-

xalSi gadarCenili“ lirikuli gmiri atarebs. vazis furclis
ardaWknoba da papis motanili RadariT gaRvivebuli cecx-
296
lic simbolurad amis mimaniSnebelia. poeti acnobierebs,
ramdenad mniSvnelovania – gaxsovdes, radgan es xsovna
gansazRvravs, Tu vin xar dRes. ritorikul SekiTxvas – „sad
gamqrala kera danakvercxli?“ dauyovnebliv mosdevs pasuxi
– „moiZebneT ar gaxrwnila neSti, gamococxlda sveticxov-
lis mironiT“. al. yazbegis „xevisberi goCas“ gamoZaxili –
„gaxsovdes visi gorisa xar“ am leqsSic ikiTxeba. poeti Tavis
Tavze iRebs amocanas, es codna SeinarCunos da ar dakargos.
manam sanam lirikuli gmiri cocxlobs, pirveli qarTvelebis
tradiciebi ar daikargeba.
amave ciklis meore leqsSi – „fiqri serafitze“ wyoba ic-
vleba da 443/442-is monacvleoba gvaqvs:

mcxeTis Rame gaxlarTula suroSi,

qvas atyvia Zveli drois Wvartli.
serafiti wevs garandul kuboSi,
misi TmebiT morTulia qarTli.
(Ciqovani 2007: 34)

Ciqovani amjerad serafits ixsenebs, romlis silama-

zisa da udroo sikvdilis istoria orenovanma bilingvam
Semogvinaxa. poeti qalwulis saxes qvaSi acocxlebs – „qvaSi
cocxlobs uCinari Crdili“ da warsulis mematianis rols
akisrebs. leqsSi yofierebis amaoebac gaiJRerebs – „amao,
– dagvCurCulebs, – amao!“ marTlacda, samyaroSi mudmivi
araferia da yovelive sikvdiliT, ganadgurebiT sruldeba,
imis miuxedavad, ramdenad lamazi an kargia, magram rogori
guldasawyvetic unda iyos serafitis tragikuli bedi, po-
eti sasowarkveTas ar eZleva da isev masSi xedavs xsnis gzas:

qarTlSi yofna aRar aris amao,

vazi Senebr etmasneba Wigos,
vazi, rogorc gadaSlili marao,
Seni Tmebic gaciskruli iyos!
(Ciqovani 2007: 35)
297
 wminda ninos msgavsad, romelmac Tavisi TmiT Sekruli
vazis jvriT moutana xsnis imedi qarTvelebs, avtori se-
rafitis TmebiT „gaciskrul“ vazis saxes ixmobs amaoebisgan
xsnis simbolod da darwmunebiT acxadebs, rom mas „mSvenebiT
ukvdaveba ergo“. serafitis mxatvruli saxe miT ufro mniS-
vnelovania, rom misma xsovnam saukuneebs gauZlo da Zveli
mcxeTis, Cveni winaprebis erTgvar simbolod iqca, miviwye-
buli aswleulebis miRma rom gadmogvwvda.
vazis metaforuli saxis garda, leqsSi ramdenjerme
gvxvdeba – qva. es metafora „Zvel mcxeTaSic“ iyo naxsenebi
(„qariSxalSi mec gadavrCi erTi,/ rogorc qvaze gamoTlili
yurZeni“; „terfi dagvrCa qvebze anabeWdi, armazidan irme-
biviT vyvirodiT“). qvaze datovebuli anabeWdi saukuneebs
uZlebs. serafitis Sesaxeb cnobac, rogorc vTqviT, armazis
bilingvaze iyo amotvifruli (qva, erTdroulad, Senobis
saZirkvlis funqciasac asrulebs da saflavis simboloc
aris). „landi aris ukvdavebis nugeSi,/ qvaSi cocxlobs uCi-
nari Crdili“, – ambobs avtori. bilingva/qva istorias inax-
avs da sanam serafitis xsovna ar dakargula, igi erTgvarad
sicocxlesac agrZelebs – „ukvdavia“ („samareSic Sen lamazi
iyavi da mSvenebiT ukvdaveba gergo“). pitiaxSis asuli kidev
erTi magaliTia, rom zogjer SesaZlebelia drois damarcxe-
ba da Tu fizikuri ara, sulieri ukvdavebis mopoveba.
leqsi jvaredini – abab riTmiT aris dawerili. aRsaniS-
navia, rom 4/4/2 sazomian leqsebSi amgvar riTmas avtori
yvelaze xSirad iyenebs.
442-sazomiani kidev erTi leqsi – „walenjixa“ evfoniuri
daxvewilobiT gamoirCeva. m, o, S, W, l bgerebis aliteracia
mas musikalur JReradobas sZens:

Sens WiSkarTan xeli viRrZe,

sadac ezo daisis mzis oqroSia.
momeSvele, iWvi gamiRviZe,
momaSvele oSoSa Tu oSoSia.
.
298
 morCileba damakisre,
Sors fSanidan gigalobda mafSalia,
Txemze iwva Txeli nisli
da megona nisli Seni TavSalia.
.
Semdeg bevrma welma ganvlo,
mogoneba gulis momcro qocoSia,
suls WaRaram gauria Wavli,
damWknara Tu moTibula oSoSia.
(Ciqovani 2007:74).

es tkbilxmovani leqsi imiTac gamoirCeva, rom pirveli

katreni 442/444-is monacvleobiT aris dawerili, Semdgom
gvaqvs rvamarcvledi aTmarcvledTan – 44/442, an rvamarcv-
ledi TormetmarcvledTan – 44/444/442/444, 44/444/442/444
sazomebis monacvleoba. riTma isev jvaredinia – abab. es leq-
si warsulis reminiscencia ufroa. lirikuli gmiri walenji-
xaSi, adresati qalis saxlSi gatarebul dros ixsenebs da mas
simTelis dabrunebas sTxovs. oSoSa, igive oSoSia – mcenarea,
patara, iis minamsgavsi iisferi yvaviliT, romelic xalxur
medicinaSi samkurnalod gamoiyeneba. oSoSas Tu oSoSias
miSvelebis Txovna realurad daxmarebis, gankurnebis vedre-
baa. ara mxolod naRrZobi xelis, aramed, wlebis ganmavlobaSi
dagrovili tkivilisgan gankurnebisac. poeti dapirispire-
bas mimarTavs – satrfos jer dRis gaSavebas da Ramis gaTene-
bas mosTxovs, Semdeg, roca qali uceb moiRuSeba da lirikul
gmirs datuqsviT daaRonebs, satkivaris moSuSebas exveweba.
amgvari kontrastebi Tavad gmiris xasiaTSic SeimCneva. erTi
mxriv mogoneba tkbilia, meore mxriv, misiT mogvril bed-
nierebis gancdas dasasruliT gamowveuli tkivili erTvis
da es sevda mTel leqss gamsWvalavs. lirikul gmirs surs,
daijeros, rom jer yvelaferi ar dasrulebula, rom isev Se-
uZlia msgavsi wuTebi ganicados, magram iWvi, rom es SesaZle-
belia, satrfom unda gauRviZos. dasawyisSive poeti gviyveba
ezoze, romelic „daisis mzis oqroSia“. mzis Casvla sicocx-
299
lis (an cxovrebis romelime etapis) dasasruladac SeiZleba
gaviazroT. es gancda kulminacias mexuTe katrenSi aRwevs:
„Semdeg bevrma welma ganvlo, / suls WaRaram gauria Wavli,
damWknara Tu moTibula oSoSia“. oSoSias – wamlis gaqrobac
gankurnebis SeuZleblobaze migviTiTebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom
avtori leqsSi iyenebs megrul sityvas – „Sors fSanidan gi-
galobda mafSalia“ (iadoni), romelic evfoniurad kargad
exameba danarCen striqonebs. es mxatvruli xerxi mSobli-
ur kuTxesTan lirikuli gmiris emociurad daaxlovebas
emsaxureba.
aucileblad unda vaxsenoT „firosmanis Rameebi“. leqsi
firosmanis sulieri biografiis originaluri fragmentebis
gaxsenebiT iwyeba – „da gixile, Rames xevdi funjiT,/ var-
debs Tesdi margaritas saxlSi“, Semdeg ki poeti firosmanis
droindeli Tbilisis yoveldRiurobisTvis damaxasiaTebel
atributebs moixmobs da mxatvris cxovrebis bnel (materi-
alur) mxares gvixatavs:

sxvisi kibe, Seni binis Weri, 442

fers iZenda uferuli wlebi, 442
buTxuza bavSvs buSti epyra Wreli, 442
fetvs kenkavdnen sulSi wiwilebi. 424
(Ciqovani 2007: 84)

WrelburTiani bavSvis saxe, erTgvarad, groteskulia

mxatvris duxWiri da sulierad gamomfitavi cxovrebis fon-
ze. im garemoSi, sadac firosmanis Semoqmedebas ver afaseben,
mxatvris personaJebi aZleven sicocxlis Zalas ostats:

vin daado Sens nafiqrals nixri,

kitris fasi, kerZis fasi mcire?
Sen cxovrebam Cagayola wixli
da sardafSi TiTqos CaiZire.
(Ciqovani 2007: 84)

300
 amgvar garemoSi Semoqmedi didxans ver gadarCeba da
firosmanic tragikul xvedrs iziarebs – „Sen Tbilisis
fskerze CaiRupe/ da tiloze STagoneba dagrCa“. 4 4 2 / 4 4 4
monacvleobiT aris heterosilaburi metriT dawerili „lo-
dini vsesviatskoeSi“ (poemidan – „daviT guramiSvili“), ro-
melic yuradRebas, sazomis garda, gameorebebiTac iqcevs:

zamTaria, zamTaria TeTri,

SeWvartluli Ramea Tu uRrania?
moRuRune buxaria erTi,
mamulze rom saubari uxaria.
(Ciqovani – 2007: 138)

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTvelebi samSoblos mowyvetil-

ni arian, leqsi omaxiani da SemarTuli toniT iwyeba – „nardi
mReris Tu Cxrialebs kamaTeli“. Tumca Semdeg poeti ufro
dabal tonalobaze gadadis: „CurCulia, Srialia gareT,/
wigns beWdaven da stambaSi kankaleben,/ yovel furcels
adareben mzvares/ da asoebs qarTul vazebs amgvaneben“. po-
eti samSoblos siyvarulsa da monatrebaze mogviTxrobs, lo-
dinSi gasul wlebze, roca erTaderTi, risi gakeTebac gadax-
vewilebs SeuZliaT, saTaTbirod Tavis Seyra da mogonebebia.
riTma jvaredinia – abab. ganwyoba – nostalgiuri. Tavs iCens
aliteracia, rogorc katrenebSi, aseve riTmaSi, rac leqss
kidev ufro xvews evfoniurad: milurjdeba-miujdeba; ga-
TeTrdeba-gaTendeba.
evfoniurad originaluria amave poemis kidev erTi –
44/443 – 442/442-iT Sesrulebuli leqsi „gamoTxoveba da omSi
wasvla“.

amxedrebis Semxvda jeri,

daifere Taflisferi baia.
damiqrole daraia Wreli,
baRisferi, rogorc Wiamaia.
(Ciqovani – 2007: 145)
301
 „me var wignis mxolod saTauri,/ Cemi Jami – dasaweri fur-
celi“ – acxadebs lirikuli gmiri. igi mzad aris samSoblos-
Tvis sicocxle gaiRos da satrfos saxe simamaces hmatebs.
omSi gamoZaxeba moulodnelia da lirikuli gmiri nanobs, rom
tyeSi sokos sakrefad wasuli qali gamgzavrebis win veRar
naxa. leqsi feradovnebiT gamoirCeva: „daifere Taflisferi
baia“, „daraia Wreli“, „baRisferi, rogorc Wiamaia“, „Seni
kaba, Wreli Wiamaia“. TvalSisacemia W, d, r, f, l – bgerebis
aliteracia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom simon Ciqovani 442 sazoms umetesad
swored samSoblos Tematikaze daweril leqsebSi iyenebs. am
aTmarcvlediT Sesrulebul TiTqmis yvela leqsSi gvxvdeba
mcxeTisa da vazis mxatvruli saxeebi. toni heroikuli an nos-
talgiuria. amavdroulad, am sazomiT Sesrulebuli leqsebi
evfoniuri daxvewilobiTa da musikalurobiTac gamoirCeva.

damowmebani:

barbaqaZe 2014: barbaqaZe T. qarTuli leqsmcodneoba. Tbilisi: Tsu

gamomcemloba, 2014.
gorgaZe 1930: gorgaZe s. qarTuli leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„saxelgami“, 1930.
Ciqovani 2007: Cqovani s. 100 leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „intele-
qti“, 2007.
xinTibiZe 1963: xinTibiZe a. akakis leqsTa saxeobani. saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe, № 4. Tbilisi: 1981.
xinTibiZe 2000: xinTibiZe a. qarTuli leqsmcodneoba. leqciebis
Semoklebuli kursi. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2000.

302
 nino malutaSvili

simon Ciqovanis „svanuri iavnana“

simon Ciqovanis „svanuri iavnana“, marTalia, ar miekuTvne-
ba cnobili futuristuli leqsebis cikls, Tumca struqtu-
ruli da Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT, masSi mainc vlindeba
futuristuli elementebi. es kargad Cans qarTul xalxur
poeziaSi, akvnis simRerebis ciklTan mimarTebiT kompara-
tivistuli kvlevisas. ramdenime xalxuri, tradiciuli teq-
stisa da Ciqovanis leqsis SedarebiTi analizi cxadyofs,
rom miuxedavad folkloruli elementebis arsebobisa da
svanuri kulturisTvis niSandoblivi tendenciebis gamov-
lenisa, „svanuri iavnana“ gansxvavdeba iavnanas tradiciuli,
klasikuri ideisa da kompoziciisgan.
Ciqovanis leqsSi darRveulia riTmac da strofikac. misi
specifikuri ritmi ki futuristul ganwyobilebas qmnis da
gamoarCevs mas tradiciuli sasimRero leqsebisgan. am he-
terosilabur poetur TxzulebaSi gamoyenebulia, rogorc
Tormetmarcvliani (4/2//4/2), ise aTmarcvliani (4/4/2) da
oTxmarcvliani (2/2) metric. amis sapirispirod, folklo-
ruli iavnana TanabarsazomianobiTa da harmoniulobiT
xasiaTdeba.
garda amisa, Ciqovanis „svanur iavnanaSi“ vxvdebiT soci-
alisturi realizmis gamovlenis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
monakveTsac...

gaizarde, mare,
damiZaxe dedi,
ojaxs moexmare
komkavSirSi Sedi.
(Ciqovani 1950:145)

aRniSnuli detali SeiZleba orgvarad ganvixiloT. erTi

mxriv, rogorc ironia sabWoTa mmarTvelobisadmi da, meore
mxriv, rogorc istoriuli konteqstis uxeSi zegavlena.
303
 rogorc aRvniSneT. Tuki tradiciul iavnanas axasiaTebs
melodiuroba da harmoniuloba, Ciqovanis leqsSi es dar-
Rveulia. magaliTisTvis ganvixiloT pirveli eqvsi taepi.

daiZine, mare, gaTbobs dedis madli.

Zili mogixdeba, Cemo kargo mare,
TaTiT daTvi inguris pirs dadis,
nanila, nanila, daiZine male.
dede ladeR.
dilas adeq...
(Ciqovani 1950:145)

pirveli ori taepi Sesrulebulia Tormetmarcvliani

sazomiT (4/2//4/2), mesame – aTmarcvlianiT (4/4/2), Semdeg isev
TormetmarcvlianiT. mexuTe da meeqvse taepebi ki oTxmar-
cvliani (2/2). leqsi heterosilaburia, rac absoluturad
ganasxvavebs mas klasikuri iavnanasgan. tradiciul xalxur
iavnanaSi, izosilabiszmTan erTad, daculia riTmac da
ritmic, ris xarjzec miiRweva leqsis harmoniuloba da
melodiuroba :

iav nana, vardov nana, iav nanina,

aq batonebi mobrZandnen, iav nanina,
mobrZandnen da gagvaxares, iav nanina,
batonebis mamidasa, iav nanina,
qveS gavuSli xaliCasa, iav nanina,
qeCasa da orxuasa, iav nanina,
gverds movudgam oqros akvans, iav nanina,
Sig Cavuwven margalitsa, iav nanina,
iav nana, vardov nana, iav nanina.
(qarTuli xalxuri poezia 1979:114)

aseTia xalxuri, kerZod, qarTluri iavnana, romlis stuq-

turac bevrad mowesrigebulia, Sesrulebulia cametmarc-
vliani sazomiT da yoveli taepis bolos, ritmulad meordeba
refreni:„iav nanina“.
304
 xalxuri iavnanis kidev erTi varianti, romelic yvelaze
gavrcelebulia:

iav, nana, vardo, nana,

iavnaninao,
daiZine, genacvale,
iavnaninao
jer ar gaTenebulao
iavnaninao.
varskvlavebi amosula,
iavnaninao,
mTavre SeSinebulao,
iavnaniano
mananoebi modian
iavnaniano
Zili moaqvT gudiTao,
iavnaniao,
amas Cems ymawvils mivutan,
iavnaniano,
Tvalebs gavuvseb ZiliTa, iavnaniao.
(qarTuli xalxuri poezia 1979:114)

Sesrulebulia rvamarcvliani sazomiT, ramdenime vari-

aciiT (5/3; 4/4; 2/6) jvaredini riTmiT da yoveli striqonis
Semdeg, ritmulad meordeba „iavnaninao“, rac aseve qmnis
harmoniulobas.
raWuli iavnana SedarebiT mcirea, Tumca aqac igive ten-
dencia SeiniSneba, Sesrulebulia ToTxmetmarcvliani sazo-
miT (4/4/2/4; 4/2/4)da esec refrenis gamoyenebis principiTaa
agebuli.

iavnana, batonebo, vardo batonebo

iavnana, batonebo, vardo batonebo,
datkbiT, datkbiT, vardo batonebo,
datkbiT, datkbiT, vardo batonebo.
(qarTuli xalxuri poezia 1979:114)

305
 struqturuli TvalsazrisiT, simon Ciqovanis „svanuri
iavnana“, rogorc ukve ganvixileT, mniSvnelovnad gans-
xvavdeba qarTuli tradiciuli akvnis simRerebisgan, magram
garkveul kavSirs avlens svanur leqsTan, mis struqturas-
Tan. „svanuri poeziis arqauloba eWvs ar iwvevs. es arqauloba
gamoixateba rogorc uriTmobiTa da leqsis astrofuli age-
bulebiT, aseve ideur-Sinaarsobrivi gaazrebiTa da mTeli
mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT“ (werediani 1969:
298)
vfiqrobT, simon Ciqovanis leqsis amgvari gansxvaveba ga-
napiroba im istoriulma konteqstma, romelSic igi Seiqmna.
teqstSi SeiniSneba futuristuli midgoma, ganwyoba, xasi-
aTi... cxadia, es ar aris klasikuri futuristuli teqsti,
magram igi xasiaTdeba tradiciebis uaryofiT, disharomo-
niiT, xerxebisa da formis specifikurobiT, rac ara mxolod
am konkretuli leqsis, aramed mTeli epoqis maxasiaTebeila.
futurizmi swored is formalisturi mimdinareobaa, ro-
melic uaryofda realizms, mTel tradiciul xelovnebas,
Tavisi xerxebiTa da formalur-Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebiT,
gulisxmobda axali, TanamedroveobisTvis Sesaferisi stil-
is Seqmnas. avangardistul mimdinareobebs Soris xasiaTdeba
yvelaze mkveTri radikalizmiT. „Cven gvsurs gavanadguroT
muzeumebi, biblioTekebi da yvelanairi akademiebi , gvsurs
brZola moralizmis, feminizmisa da yovelnairi oportunis-
tuli Tu utilitaruli simxdalis winaaRmdeg“ (marineti
1909).pirvel futuristul manifestSi vxedavT moZraobas
warsulis uarsayofad,gancdisa da gamoxatvis Tanadroulo-
bas, stuqturuli TvalsazrisiT ki, sintaqsis uaryofasa da
punqtuaciis rRvevas.
swored „futuristuli filosofiis“ gavleniT SeiZleba
aixsnas simon Ciqovanis leqssa da tradiciul folklorul
akvnis simRerebs Soris amgvari gansxvaveba. rRvevis paTosiT
„gajerebuli“ Taoba da misi msoflmxedveloba gansxvavdeba
gasuli epoqebisgan. cxadia, istoriuli konteqsti udides
gavlenas axdens literaturaze da, zogadad, xelovnebaze.
306
didwilad swored istoriuli realobiTaa ganpirobebuli
literaturuli procesi.
„30-iani wlebidan gaCnda antimusikalizmis niSnebi. ufro
adre mas avlendnen t.tabiZe, s. Ciqovani ... es iyo TviTi-
Zulebis nayofi. maT leqsebs aklda akustikuri srulyofa“
(sigua 1976: 52). simon Ciqovanma smeniTi sizuste Caanacvla
sxva komponentebiT da sakuTari poeturi SesaZleblobebi
epoqis moTxovnebs moargo.
folkloruli Semoqmedeba da iavnana, rogorc folklo-
ris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponenti, udides kav-
SirSia erovnul tradiciebTan da swored am tipis teqstis
dekonstruirebuli versia warmoaCens yvelaze mZafrad
tradiciebTan dapirispirebas da maT uaryofas, rogorc fu-
turistuli mimdinareobis erT-erT umTavres mizans. „fu-
turistebi upirvelesad klasikur esTetikasa da morals
daupirispirdnen“ (lomiZe 2016: 308). futuristuli proeqti
gulisxmobda axali adamianis Seqmnas, axali cxovrebis da-
sawyiss, rac, umTavresad, warsulis xelovnebis dasasruliTa
da axali xelovnebis dawyebiT unda gamoxatuliyo. „futu-
ristebi cdilobdnen iseTive gadatrialeba moexdinaT qar-
Tul poeziaSi, rogoric oqtombris revoluciam moaxdina
socialur sferoSi. es mcdeloba ufro deklarirebuli xasi-
aTisa iyo da miuxedavad mtkicebisa – „CvenTvis yvelaze didi
sityva aris oqtomberio“ – es litoni sityvebi iZulebiTi
xarki gaxldaT, radgan maTi umTavresi mizani da Rirsebac
qarTuli sityvis,misi JReradobis SesaZleblobaTa gamov-
lena da formalisturi Ziebani iyo“ (avaliani 2016: 330).
sagulisxmoa, rom iavnana im tipis teqstia, romelsac ada-
miani erTi realobidan meoreSi gadahyavs, vfiqrobT, Sem-
TxveviTi ar unda iyos avtoriseuli saTqmelis gamoxatva
swored am formiT; rogorc zRapris universaluri Sesavali
– „iyo da ara iyo ra“ – erTgvari formulaa erTi realobidan
meoreSi gadsasvlelad, SeiZleba, iavnanac miviCnioT amgvar
simbolod. futuristebis ZiriTadi mizanic xom mocemuli
realobis uaryofa da axali realobis Seqmna iyo.
307
 rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Ciqovanis „svanur iavnanaSi“
vxvdebiT erT mniSvnelovan detals, rac aseve istoriuli
konteqstiT SeiZleba aixsnas („gaizarede, mare, damiZaxe dedi,
ojaxs moexmare, komkavSirSi Sedi“).
leqsi dawerilia 1929 wlis Semodgomaze. 1921 wlidan
saqarTveloSi myardeba kominusituri reJimi, iwyeba Sejaxe-
ba azrovnebasa da reprezentatul garemos Soris, xelovane-
bi iZulebulebulni arian arCevani gaakeTon azris Tavisu-
flebasa da ideologiis morCilebas Soris. leninis TqmiT,
kultura, xelovneba unda gadaqceuliyo proletaruli saq-
mis nawilad, unda gamoexata am klasis interesebi. sabWoTa
ideologiis mixedviT, xelovnebis sferos warmomadgenlebi
iZulebuli iyvnen xalxSi daem-kvirdebinaT proletaruli
revluciisadmi erTguleba, partiisa da saxelmwifos uze-
naesobis gancda. sabWoTa xe-lisfuflebis arsebobis ganmav-
lobaSi, gansakuTrebiT, 30-50-ian wlebSi, qveyanaSi SiSis at-
mosfero gabatonda.
erTi mxriv, striqoni, romelsac Ciqovanis „svanur iavna-
naSi“ „gaizarde, mare, komkavSirSi Sedi“) vxvdebiT, SeiZleba
ganpirobebuli iyos, swored amgvari zewoliT. meore mxriv,
ki SeiZleba es recefcirdes, rogorc ironia sabWoTa mmarT-
velobisadmi, es iyo erTaderTi adekvaturi reaqcia dauZ-
leveli ideologiuri zewolisa da Seucvleli realobis
fonze, radganac faqti obieqturad arsebobda, misi racio-
naluri aRqma SesaZlebeli iyo, samagierod, SeuZlebeli iyo
raime cvlilebis ganxorcieleba. garda amisa,simon Ciqovani
im mimdinareobis warmomadgeneli iyo, romelic uaryofda
yovelgvar normirebul formebs, modelebsa da zewolas,
Sesabamisad,metad logikuria, Tuki aRniSnul detals gan-
vsazRvravT, rogorc epoqis zogadi maxasiaTeblebiTa da so-
cialuri konteqstiT ganpirobebul ironias.

308
 damowmebani:

avaliani 2016: avaliani l. „qarTuli futurizmi“. qarTuli moderniz-

mis tipologia. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „meridiani“, 2016.
lomiZe 2016: lomiZe g. „tfilisuri avangardi“. qarTuli modernizmis
tipologia. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „meridiani“, 2016.
marineti 1909: marineti f. t. „futurizmis daarseba da manifesti“. gaz.
„figaro“. parizi, 1909 (Targmani: nodar ladaria).
https://alldocs.net/embed/document-jntrDIm
sigua 1976: sigua s. epoqa da stilis problema. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„sabWoTa saqarTvelo,“ 1979.
qarTuli xalxuri ... 1979: qarTuli xalxuri poezia. t. VIII. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba „mecniereba,“ 1979.
Ciqovani 1950: Ciqovani s. leqsebi da poemebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„saxelgami,“ 1950.
werediani 1969: werediani d. „svanuri leqswyobis sakiTxebi“. qarTuli
folklori. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „mecniereba,“ 1969.
xinTibiZe 2000: xinTibiZe a. qarTuli leqsmcodneoba (leqciebis
Semoklebuli kursi). Tbilisi: Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
gamomcemloba, 2000.

309
Sarlota kvantaliani

simon Ciqovanis satrfialo lirikis

versifikaciuli Taviseburebani

meoce saukunis ocdaaTiani wlebi qarTuli litera-

turisTvis mravalmxriv mniSvnelovani periodia. Aam dros
aRmocenda qarTuli literaturis wiaRSi (evropuli da
rusuli poeziis gavleniTac) axali literaturuli mimdi-
nareobebi da am mimdinareobebis amsaxveli saliteraturo
Jurnal-gazeTebi. simon Ciqovani literaturuli procese-
bis SuagulSia, igi mravali wamowyebis iniciatoria. quTaisi,
rogorc centri qarTuli kulturisa, poeziiT sunTqavs
da cocxlobs, rasac xels uwyoben `futuristebi~, `cis-
feryanwelebi~. futuristebi axal, momavlis poezias qmnid-
nen. maTi leqsebi yovelmxriv unda ganaxlebuliyo – riTma,
ritmi, metafora. xSirad azri ewireboda formas, radgan
maTTvis TiToeul bgeras principuli mniSvneloba hqonda.
iqmneboda `zaumuri~ poezia. simon Ciqovani Tavisi axali
poeziis masalad kolxur Selocvebs, leqsebs, leqsikas
iyenebda, maT sakuTar neologizmebs umatebda da siaxliT
aocebda poeziis moyvarulebs, romlebic erTxmad aRiareb-
dnen Ciqovanis da misi `literaturuli Zmebis~ – futuris-
tebis, niWierebas, Tumca maT literaturul eqsperimentebs
`namdvil poeziad~ qceva ar ewera, amis uflebas ar miscemda
komunisturi ideologiis warmmarTveli Zala, radgan soci-
alizmis liandagze mdgar drois matarebels isini mar-
Tavdnen da mxolod `morCili~ mgzavrebi miaRwevdnen sasur-
vel sadguramde, simon Ciqovanic iseve damorCilda beds,
rogorc xelovanTa mTeli Taoba, im gamonaklisebis garda,
romlebic represiebma Seiwira. simon Ciqovani am iZuleboT
morCilebas Zalian ganicdida da Semdegdroindel leqsebSi
Tavis `Secdomebs~ aRiarebda. simon Ciqovanis arqivSi inaxeba
ocdaaTian wlebSi gamoqveynebuli leqsTa krebuli, romelic
310
avtors ZirfesvianaDd Seucvlia, sadac ki SesaZlebelia, ga-
daukeTebia da `komunisturi ideologiis~ kvali gauqria. sa-
dac es ver mouxerxebia, mTlianad wauSlia leqsi da miuweria
`aRar dabeWdos~.
daaxloebiT asi leqsidan, mxolod Teqvsmeti leqsis sa-
Tauri Camouweria da momaval gamomcemels sTxovs, es leq-
sebi dabeWdos. wigni – avtografi sagulisxmo faqtia da Se-
saniSnavi dokumentia poetis fsiqologiuri portretis, misi
rTuli, winaaRmdegobebiT savse SemoqmedebiTi gzis saCvene-
blad, `Semoqmedebas siaxle uyvars~ – es simon Ciqovanis
devizia.
simon Ciqovanis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba harmoniulad
erwymis erTmaneTs. Mmisi biografia erTi mZlavri impulsia,
mZafri, gulwrfeli poeziis Sesaqmnelad. Aam mxriv mniSvne-
lovania misi satrfialo lirika, romlis ucvleli xati da
muza, misi meuRle marika eliava-Ciqovania.
simoisa da marikas siyvaruli sicocxleSive iqca legen-
dad, romelic maTi cxovrebis tragikulma dasasrulma kidev
ufro gaamZafra da dauviwyari gaxada.
„amdeni leqsi ro mieZRvnas poetsa, amdeni da ase xangr-
Zlivada, – ar magondeba sxva magaliTi.... daiwyo trfobiTa
da trfobai igi ro ganxorcielda, darCa kvlav muzada, kvlav
trfobad darCa sicocxlis bolomdisa; ase darCa da Tavi-
danvec ase umReroda: `Sena xar Cemi axalgazrdoba da moma-
vali siberis dRenio~, – werda oTar CxeiZe.
simon Ciqovanis satrfialo lirika, romelic 1926 wlidan
iwyeba da sikvdilamde grZeldeba, sayuradReboa versifi-
kaciuli TvalazrisiTac. 1927 wels dawerili leqsi `meore
miZRvna~ ToTxmetmarcvliania ( 5/4/5 ) da abab riTmiTaa ga-
wyobili. Lleqsi 18 wlis marika eliavas eZRvneba. axalgazrda
poeti satrfos gogenis daxatul yvavils adarebs, romelic
taitiviT miuwvdomelia da mZime, rogorc misi leqsi. Aam xum-
robiT simoni marikas `mZime xasiaTze~ mianiSnebs da, amave
dros, TviTkritikulia Tavisi leqsis mimarT.
311
 meore leqsi, romelsac `pirveli miZRvna~ hqvia, daweri-
lia 1928 wels. aq an saTaurSia raime uzustoba, an daweris
TariRSi. Ees leqsebi yvela gamocemaSi warmodgenili Tanmim-
devrobiTaa dastambuli. aRniSnuli leqsi sami oTxtaepe-
disgan Sedgeba,sadac gvaqvs amgvari ritmuli sqema: I – 5/3/3;
II – 3/3/3; III – 3/3/3; IV – 3/3/3; abab riTmuli wyobiT. Ppoeti,
rogorc yovelTvis, siyvaruls eficeba satrfos. Lleqsi ase
mTavrdeba:

es guli xom Senken qariviT iltvoda,

ar msurda siwmindis Selaxvac,
me Seni trfiali mindoda,
da Seni bavSvobis Senaxvac.

aA m leqsis pirvel variantSi yofila: `me Seni sxeulic min-

doda/ da Seni bavSvobis Senaxvac~. Mmarika aRSfoTebula da
simoni iZulebuli gamxdara, `sxeuli~ `trfialiT~ Seecvala.
simon Ciqovanis lirikuli leqsebi gamoirCeva ritmuli
mravalgvarobiT, axali riTmebiT, mdidari metaforebiT, ne-
ologizmebiT, aliteraciebiT da sxva poeturi aqsesuarebiT.

mag.: zRvaze mze dadga, rogorc iremi,

alanda rqebi molurjo brolSi.

Aan – merme gahkide cecxlTan TavSali,

eSxiT amivse gulis qisebi,
xSiri Tma TiTqos ise gaSale,
rogorc svaneTis mTebze nislebi.

simon Ciqovani bgerweris ostatia. `S~ bgeris gameore-

biT qariSxlis sunTqvas da misi idumali moaxloebis SiSs
agrZnobinebs mkiTxvels.

Semodgoma idga maSin ,

moSriale, maRla mTaSi...…
Savi, Savi, saSiSari,
gaiSala qariSxali...
312
 `c~ bgeris aliteracia – `cecxliviT celqi Seni sicili~.
`W~ bgeris gameorebiT SesaniSnavi suraTi ixateba:

Catexil xidze iWvi amovWeri ,

gzaze aminTe TeTri tyemlebi,
Seni kenWebi muWiT avboWe,
cqriala , rogorc satrfos cremlebi. “
(`rionis napirebze~)

aliteraciebiT da Znelad gasagebi metaforebiT gansa-

kuTrebiT mdidaria misi `futuristuli~ leqsebi: `cira~,
`sanapiros simRera xabo~, `mekameCeebis urmuli~, `sidu~ da
sxv.
simons gamaxvilebuli smena aqvs. misTvis mTavaria leq-
sis Sinagani musika, rasac hqmnis riTmis, ritmisa da meta-
foris `SeTanxmebuli urTierTobiT~. Aamgvari harmoniis
fantastikuri Semoqmedi iyo galaktioni, amitom moswonda
misi leqsebi simons is yovelTvis miuTiTebda didi poetis
poeziis Sinagan musikaze. Tavad Ciqovanma tabiZis gavlenas
Tavi daaRwia inteleqtualuri azris gaZlierebiT, Tumca
riTmaze da sxva poetur aqsesuarebze uari ar uTqvams,
zogjer zedmetadac uwevda angariSs, amas es leqsic mowmobs:

xSirdeba gulis saSiSi feTqva

msurs saWaSniko simRera giTxraT,
me sruliad sxava mindoda meTqva
da sxvas mamRerebs wyeuli riTma.
(`iWvi~)

poeti frTxilia leqsis werisas, is grZnobebs ubra-

lod ar emoneba, igi erTdroulad eZebs leqsisTvis fers da
melodias, rogorc mxatvari – fermweri da momRerali, rom
bolomde gaJRinTos qnari da mxolod amis Semdeg Seexos po-
eturi qnaris jadosnur lars:

313
 didi poetis Tviseba ari
grZnobas sifrTxiliT gauRos kari,
Tu gaJRenTili ar aris qnari,
ar SeaSfoTos mTvlemare lari.
(`iWvi~)

erT-eErTi bolodroindeli leqsi `Sens savarZelze~, sa-

dac saTayvano qalis savarZelSi `poezia da gazafxuli zis~:
es qali isev ocnebis obieqtia misi `moSriale Tmebi~, `mTva-
ris bewvi~. am qalma gzad daufina rbili fuCeCi , amitom iara
gaumrudebeli gziT. Aamave leqsSi poeti Tavis sibrmavesa da
Tavis daumTavrebel mraval gegmaze mianiSnebs: ` bindi mRe-
ris Jams wamomewia da uRran Ramis qselSi gavebi~.
`am uRrani Ramis qselSi gabmul” poets Tavad mZimed da-
avadebuli marika ukvalavs gzas: `ar vici me damyavs Tu
simons davyavar oTaxidan oTaxSi~ – wers Tavis dRiurSi
marika.
`sisxliT naweri striqonebi~ qarTveli poetis tradi-
ciuli metaforaa. simonic gulis sisxliT werda leqsebs,
misi erT-erTi bolo leqsic meuRle–satrfos exeba da
erTgvarad emSvidobeba. `wigns gitoveb, rogorc mziTvs~..
simons araTu amqveynad, imqveynadac ver warmoedgina
marikas gareSe: `viT mimino Tu avfrinde, ar gamiSva nislSi
marto~, sTxovda satrfos.
simonma Tavisi leqsebiT ara marto avad moipova ukvda-
veba, aramed marikasac daudga Zegli, rasac namdvilad
imsaxurebda, simoni ase afasebda mis Rvawls:

me var wignSi maspinZeli

Sen xar Cemi leqsis mZuZe.

winaswarmetyveluria misi stiqonebi:

dafna rad gvinda, gavexvioT cixis suroSi

da rom movkvdebiT, movTavsdebiT erTad kuboSi.
314
 sulisSemZvrelia simoni da marikas cxovrebis legendis
dasasruli: simoni sruliad dabrmavda, mis xelebad da Tva-
lebad marika iqca, es arc gasWirvebia marikas, radgan isini
didi xania `erT xorc da erT sulad~ arsebobdnen.
marikac male gardaicvala, anderZis Tanaxmad misi
ferfli simonis saflavs moabnies, ase moTavsdnen isini erT
kuboSi.

dRes mTawmindaze erT kuboSi wvanan isini,

qali mxevali, Tavis satrfos gaqyva hadesSi.
(`marika da simoni~)

damowmebani:

kKvantaliani 2012: kvantaliani S. sizmrebis premiera. QquTaisi: 2012.

Ciqovani 2010: Ciqovani s. qarTuli poezia. Tbilisi: 2010.
Ciqovani 2013: Ciqovani s. Cems gazafxuls davewevi. Tbilisi: 2013.
CxeiZe 2009: CxeiZe o. mogonebebi, werilebi, leqsebi simon Ciqovanze.
Tbilisi: 2009.

315
 MEMORIA

zeinab saria

sanTeliviT adamiani wavida...

keTil mogonebad SemomrCa literaturis institutSi

qalbaton Tamar barbaqaZis organizatorobiT Catarebu-
li leqsmcodneobis sesiebi. aq yovelTvis kvlevis, Ziebis,
sxvisi azris Sewynarebis, sakuTaris argumentirebisa da
misaRebi Tvalsazrisis
damkvidrebis jansaRi at-
mosferoa. gamomsvlelTa
Soris gansakuTrebiT iq-
cevda yuradRebas batoni
apolon silagaZe, dauRa-
lavad rom emsaxureboda
qarTul saqmes, rudunebiT
ikvlevda qarTul leqss,
maRali pasuxismgeblobiT
aanalizebda sxvaTa naaz-
revs, keTilmosurne ko-
legis poziciidan saub-
robda Tavis SeniSvnebze.
aq gavicani saxelovani
mecnieri da aq vigrZeni
misi inteleqtis madli.
75 wlisa (1942- 2017) gardaicvala filologiis mecniere-
baTa doqtori, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis aka-
demikosi, batoni apolon silagaZe. misi cxovreba – es SuqiT
savse gzaa, romelzec mzera ramdenime gzajvaredins moniS-
navs: 1965 wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-
tis aRmosavleTmcodneobis fakulteti. 1974 wels daicva
skandidato disertacia Temaze: „Tanamedrove arabuli leq-
316
si“, xolo 1986 wels – sadoqtoro disertacia: „ qarTuli le-
qsi – mudmivi sidideebis doneze“.
iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis proreqtori,
aRmosavleTmcodneobis fakultetis dekani, „saxalxo gana-
Tlebis“ mTavari redaqtori, 1990-91 wlebSi – saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sabWos deputati. iyo sruluflebiani elCi liba-
nis respublikasa da iordaniis haSimianTa samefoSi; 2004-
2006 wlebSi Tsu-Si xelmZRvanelobda semitologiis kaTed-
ras. Targmnida arabul poezias.
aris 150-ze meti samecniero da publicisturi naSromis
avtori. gamoaqveyna 35 monografia da wigni. am adamianis naS-
romebi mudam siaxlis niSniT gamoirCeoda.
2006 wlidan Tsu-s humanitaruli fakultetis arabisti-
kis departaments xelmZRvanelobda. iyo sruli profesori,
2009 wlidan – saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-ko-
respondenti, Semdeg ki – akademikosi.
didi diapazonis mecnieri, saxelganTqmuli aRmosavleT-
mcodne, sazogado moRvawe da TvalsaCino qarTvelologi da-
karga qarTulma samecniero sazogadoebam.
warmoudgenelia leqsmcodneTa yovelwliuri samecniero
sesia SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis in-
stitutSi misi monawileobis gareSe!.. gvaxsovs profesiuli
niSniT gamorCeuli misi gamosvla pirvel samecniero sesi-
aze 2007 wlis 23 maiss. man waikiTxa moxseneba saleqso teqs-
tis bolo metruli monakveTis Sesaxeb. mas Semdeg mudam didi
interesiT velodiT mis moxsenebas yovel wels: giorgi le-
oniZis, ana kalandaZis, lado asaTianis, muxran maWavarianis,
„cisferyanwelebis“, aleqsndre abaSelis, ioseb griSaSvilis,
mirza gelovanis, terenti granelis, simon Ciqovanis poezi-
is Sesaxeb. molodini arasodes gagvcruebia. is mudam Cveul
formaSi warmogvidgeboda.
aRmosavleTmcodneobis samecniero skola giorgi wereT-
lis xelmZRvanelobiT, XX saukunis 50-in wlebSi sayovelTa-
od aRiarebuli skola gaxldaT. batoni apoloni yovelTvis

317
aRniSnavda, rom is da misi kolegebi dResac giorgi wereTlis
principebs emyarebodnen: upirvelesad iyvnen qarTvelolo-
gebi da mxolod amis Semdeg – aRmosavleTmcodneni.
deputatobis periods mudam amaRlebul registrSi ix-
senebda. miuxedavad sirTuleebisa, es droeba misTvis ukv-
davyofili iyo umniSvnelovanesi movleniT, saqarTvelos da-
moukideblobis aRdgenis aqtze xelmoweriT.
yuradsaRebia misi mosazreba sazogadoebis pasuxismge-
blobis gancdaze. Tu ram fuWdeba an gvaklia, amaze pasuxis-
mgebelni Cvena varTo, ityoda xolme. sazogadoebaze, misi
azriT, unda visaubroT mravlobiTi ricxvis pirvel pirSi
– „Cven!“ „sazogadoeba dRemde mxolod erT socialur dakve-
Tas aZlevs politikosebs: gadaagde dRevandeli xelisuf-
leba! sxva dakveTa ar gamigia. xelisufleba icvleba erT
dReSi, es erTdRiani amocanaa da Semdeg 5 weli araferi keT-
deba. sxva SekveTa ar iyo. is pirnaTlad Sesrulda“ (https://www.
youtube.com/watch?v=_ntXZEMPwXEeka talaxaZis reportaJi).
batoni apolon silagaZe subieqturi vnebebiT aRZrul indi-
vidTa spontanur gaerTianebas rodi miiCnevda sazogadoe-
bad, aramed maRali RirebulebebiT SekavSirebul adamianTa
erTobas.
mniSvnelovania misi dakvirvebebi qarTuli leqsis kvle-
vis saqmeSi, erovnuli leqswyobis TaviseburebaTa dadgenaSi.
ar iyo erTsulovneba am sakiTxebSi. qarTuli leqsis
silaburobis Teorias mxars uWerdnen: mamuka baraTaSvili,
daviT reqtori, Teimuraz bagrationi, platon ioseliani,
mari brose, daviT CubinaSvili, iona meunargia, grigol
yifSiZe, niko mari, silovan xundaZe, grigol robaqiZe, pav-
le ingoroyva, akaki xinTibiZe... erovnuli versifikaciss
bunebas sxvagvarad xedavdnen silabur-tonurobis Teoriis
mxardamWerni: evgeni bolxovitinovi, kote dodaSvili,
ioseb yifSiZe, sergi gorgaZe, akaki gawerelia, panteleimon
beraZe, roland beriZe...
sainteresoa apolon silagaZis mosazreba. misi Tval-
TaxedviT, qarTuli leqsi SeiZleba arc erT cnobil siste-
mas ar ganekuTvnebodes. igi, iqneb, arc silaburia da arc

318
silabur-tonuri, arc metruli da tonuri. safiqrebelia,
rom is originaluri bunebisaa da oTxi sistemidan arc erTis
CarCoebSi zustad ver Tavsdeba, amitomac misi bunebis kvle-
va kvlavac unda gagrZeldes. miT ufro, rom akaki xinTibiZe,
romelic icavda Cveni leqsis silaburobis Teorias, xedavda,
rom aqcenturi enebis eqspansiis Sedegad qarTul leqss si-
labur-tonurobis niSnebic etyoba (magaliTad, guramiSvi-
lis, XX saukunis avtorTa leqsebi).
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa apolon silagaZis bolo naS-
romi „megruli leqsi“. avtori iziarebs i. yifSiZis mosaz-
rebas Semdeg sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: saleqso striqonSi
marcvalTraodenobis SesanarCuneblad megrul leqsSi gamo-
yenebulia sityvis boloSi xmovnis mokveca, sityvis SuaSi
xmovnis amoReba an misi gardaqmna umarcvlo naxevarxmovnad,
xmovnis Camateba SuaSi, damateba sityvis boloSi.
apolon silagaZem megruli leqsi ganixila, rogorc
versifikaciuli sistema da gansazRvra misi adgili saer-
ToqarTuli leqsTwyobis SigniT. mkvlevris azriT, megruli
leqsis Seswavla „warmoadgens nawils iseTi fundamenturi
kvlevisa, rogoricaa qarTveluri protosistemis dadgena~.
mniSvnelovania is faqtic, ra delikaturad cdilobs
mkvlevari qarTveluri enebis arsebobis Cvens droebaSi didi
kamaTis sagnad qceuli problemis Cacxrobas. bolo meoTxe-
di saukunea, rac es sakiTxi feTqebad raobad iqca. gamoikveTa
gogolaZiseuli xazi – megruli, lazuri da svanuri enebia;
futkaraZiseuli xazi – megruli, lazuri da svanuri dialeq-
tebia. apolon silagaZe mecnieruli keTilsindisierebiT xe-
davs, rom dasaxelebuli qarTveluri enebi sworedac enebia
da ara dialeqtebi, magram mavanTa politikuri SiSebis gamo
gamocxadebulia dialeqtebad. yuradsaRebia is faqtic, rom
monografia „megruli leqsi“ dawerilia 2012 wels. am dros
jer kidev ar aris miRebuli kanoni „saxelmwifo enis Sesaxeb“.
es cota mogvianebiT, 2015 wels, moxda. „saxelmwifo enis Se-
saxeb“ kanonis me-4 muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, „saxelmwifo
mudmivad zrunavs qarTvelur enaTa da kiloTa SenarCuneba-
319
sa da Seswavlaze, rogorc saxelmwifo enis sicocxlisuna-
rianobis umniSvnelovanes pirobaze~.
sanam cneba „qarTveluri enebi“ ar iyo dafiqsirebuli ka-
nonSi, apolon silagaZem moZebna Sualeduri umtkivneulo
xazi polemikaSi da obieqturi viTareba rom SeenarCunebi-
na, auara ra gverdi maxasiaTebels „ena“, uwoda „ganStoeba“:
„Cveni sinamdvilis SemTxvevaSi, megruli, lazuri da svanuri,
romelTac (gansxvavebiT dialeqtebisagan) saerTo qarTulis
Stoebi SeiZleba ewodos“, magram monografia `metruli le-
qsis~ imave gverdze Cans, rom bolomde ver icavs mecnieris
am mosazrebas da ase agrZelebs: „am SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs erTi
opozicia – qarTuli saliteraturo ena, megruli/lazuri/
svanuri dialeqtebi“.
ganixilavs ra megrul poezias folklorul warmonaqmnad,
a. silagaZe ver xedavs daniel fifiadan dawyebuli Taname-
drove megrulenovani poeziis literaturul (e. i. individu-
alur) aspeqts. maSin jer kidev ar iyo gamocemuli megruli
poeziis anTologia (proeqtis avtori guri otobaia, Tb., 2016
w.). apolon silagaZe icnobs a. cagarlis, i. yifSiZis, a. San-
iZis, k. samuSias, t. gudavas, ap. canavas gamocemebs, magram ar
icnobs daniel fifias, alio qobalias, ramaz kupravas, laSa
gaxarias, giorgi siWinavas, guri otobaias, sergo wurwumias,
zaal jalaRonias, giga qavTaraZisa da sxvaTa poezias.
igi, rogorc iTqva, gaxldaT saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWos
pirveli mowvevis deputati, imyofeboda xelisuflebis umaR-
les organoSi da eweoda sakanonmdeblo saqmianobas; 1998-2004
wlebSi – saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCi
egviptis arabTa respublikaSi, siriis arabTa respublikaSi,
libanis respublikasa da iordaniis haSimiTur samefoSi.
misi mecnieruli interesebis sfero moicavda arabisti-
kasa da qarTvelologias. 150-ze meti samecniero Sroma aRi-
nusxeba am adamianis saxeliT.
2017 wlis 25 ivliss, 75 wlisa gardaicvala saxelovani
mecnieri.
darCa samecniero da publicisturi naSromebi, arabuli
poeziis Targmanebi, romlebic agrZeleben avtoris sulis-
mier arsebobas.
320
 apolon silagaZis gaxseneba

Znelia am qveynidan wasul adamianze wera. mZafrad Se-

mogvitevs xolme mware realobis Seuvali gancda, rasac mis
gareSe sicocxlis gagrZeleba hqvia...
mas, samecniero interesebis didi diapazonis mqones,
xelewifeboda rTuli sakiTxebis damajerebeli da mkafio
axsna,ris drosac erTmaneTs uxamebda akademizmsa da suli-
er sifaqizes.
humanitaruli mecnierebaTa Tanamedrove donis mkvle-
vari iyo.
didi gaqanebis mecniers SeeZlo aeridebina saorgani-
zacio-administraciuli, an Tundac poligrafiasTan daka-
vSirebuli samuSaoebi. gasaocari keTilsindisierebisa da
sakuTari Tavisadmi momTxovnelobis kvalobaze, es arasodes
gaukeTebia. misi yoveli qmedeba im patiosani adamianis pozi-
ciis manifestacia iyo, visTvisac saqmis erTguleba sulier
simSvideze ufro maRla idga.
SesaniSnav mecniers hqonda uzado filologiuri niWi,
SesaSuri erudicia, araCveulebrivi lingvisturi alRo da
stilis SegrZneba.
masTan urTierToba, upirveles yovlisa, gonebis disci-
plinireba iyo. Dda erTic: igi, moyvasze mzrunveli adamiani,
gvaocebda Tanamedrove xedviT da, rbili xasiaTis miuxeda-
vad, gamoirCeoda momTxovnelobiTa da yovelgvari usamar-
Tlobis winaaRmdeg ukompromiso damokidebulebiT.
mudam axlis maZiebeli, umwikvlo kolega, sanimuSo me-
gobari, mzrunveli xelmZRvaneli, gulanTebuli mamuliSvi-
li. TanamSromlebisTvis iseT atmosferos qmnida, sadac sa-
xelmZRvanelo instruqciebi zedmeti iyo.
gansakuTrebiT nayofieri aRmoCnda SoTa rusTavelis
saxelobis qarTUuli literaturis institutTan batoni
apolon silagaZis TanamSromloba 2015-2017 wlebSi sagranto
proeqtze: `evropuli da aRmosavluri myari saleqso for-
mebi qarTUul poeziaSi (iatoria. Teoria. qrestomaTia)~ mu-
321
Saobisas. mis mier Sesrulebuli naSromebi: `qarTuli myari
saleqso formebis aRmosavluri wyaroebi~, `robai~, `myari
saleqso forma: zogadi debulebebi da Razali rogorc
nimuSi~, `poeturi nawarmoebis formebi klasikur epoqaSi~
saxelmZRvanelod gamoadgeba momaval Taobebs.
isRa dagvrCenia, rom misi kreatiuli Zalisxmevis Tanazi-
ari gavxdeT.
yvelas winaSe valmoxdili caTa sasufevelSi Seegebeba
Tavis 76-e dabadebis dRes.
da uflis madlieri varT, misi sicocxliT savse cxovre-
bis Tanaziari rom gagvxada.

leqsmcodneobis sesiis monawileni

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 sarCevi

paolo iaSvili
eqspromti
(qarTvel futuristebs).......................................................................5

valerian gafrindaSvili
dagvianebuli soneti
simon Ciqovans...........................................................................................5

murman lebaniZe
simon Ciqovanis xsovnas.........................................................................6

SoTa niSnianiZe
simon Ciqovans...........................................................................................8

arCil sulakauri
Cemi Rrubeli
(simon Ciqovanis gaxseneba)...................................................................9

daviT werediani
variaciebi
simon Ciqovanis Temaze: cira.............................................................10

Sarlota kvantaliani
marika da simoni
(trioleti)................................................................................................11

vaxuSti kotetiSvili
nagubari cremli....................................................................................12

valerian gafrindaSvili
simon Ciqovanis Semoqmedebisadmi miZRvnil
diskusiaze warmoTqmuli sityvidan..............................................15
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ana kalandaZe
* * * keTilmosagonar dReTagan... ..................................................17

guram asaTiani
`rogorc vazis Wigo mwifobis TveSi~.............................................18

gaga lomiZe
simon Ciqovani..........................................................................................20

emzar kvitaiSvili
simon Ciqovani
(literaturuli portreti)..............................................................33

manana yifiani
simon Ciqovanis poeturi gza.............................................................92

Tamar barbaqaZe
simon Ciqovanis leqsis
ritmul-intonaciuri Taviseburebani........................................128

levan bregaZe
elegiuri distiqi qarTulad..........................................................141

nino gogiaSvili
futurizmi, rogorc „saSiSi naxtomi“
simon Ciqovanis poetur diskursSi...............................................156

qeTevanenuqiZe
simon Ciqovanis ciklis,
„simRera daviT guramiSvilze~,
struqturuli analizi......................................................................164

Tamar lomiZe
sosiuris anagramaTa Teoria da
enobrivi eqsperimentebi futuristul poeziaSi....................171
324
irine maniJaSvili
ferweruli saxeebi
simon Ciqovanis lirikaSi..................................................................176

murad mTvareliZe
simon Ciqovani poeziis arsisa da
SemoqmedebiTi procesis Sesaxeb....................................................190

zeinab saria
simon Ciqovanis „cira“ da
futuristuli markerebi..................................................................198

luara sordia
simon Ciqovanis saxismetyvelebisa da
msoflmxedvelobis ori aspeqti....................................................210

linda cicqiSvili
`nivTi~, rogorc mxatvruli saxe
simon Ciqovanis SemoqmedebaSi........................................................225

zoia cxadaia
sikvdil-sicocxlis aspeqtebi
simon Ciqovanis omisdroindel liirkaSi...................................237

Tamarela woworia
simon Ciqovanis „ cira“ – analizi..................................................249

maia jaliaSvili
H2SO4 – simon Ciqovani da futuristebis
antiesTetikuri platforma...........................................................259

marika jiqia
Turquli saleqso forma – yoSma –
galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi.............................................................269

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 ***

nunu balavaZe
simon Ciqovani – nikoloz baraTaSvilis
`STamomavali“ – Sinaarssa da formaSi
gamoxatuli valdebuleba................................................................275

cira komaxiZe
futurizmisa da dadaizmis
ganviTareba saqarTveloSi
simon Ciqovani – „cira“......................................................................280

salome lomouri
aTmarcvliani (4/4/2) sazomi
simon Ciqovanis poeziaSi...................................................................292

nino malutaSvili
simon Ciqovanis „svanuri iavnana“...................................................303

Sarlota kvantaliani
simon Ciqovanis satrfialo lirikis
versifikaciuli Taviseburebani...................................................310

MEMORIA

zeinab saria
sanTeliviT adamiani wavida.............................................................316

apolon silagaZis gaxseneba.................................................. .....321

326