2017

Problem 1
Pablo buys popsicles for his friends. The store sells single popsicles for $1 each,
3-popsicle boxes for $2, and 5-popsicle boxes for $3. What is the greatest
number of popsicles that Pablo can buy with $8?

Solution

Problem 2
The sum of two nonzero real numbers is 4 times their product. What is the sum
of the reciprocals of the two numbers?

Solution

Problem 3
Ms. Carroll promised that anyone who got all the multiple choice questions right
on the upcoming exam would receive an A on the exam. Which one of these
statements necessarily follows logically?

Solution

Problem 4
Jerry and Silvia wanted to go from the southwest corner of a square field to the
northeast corner. Jerry walked due east and then due north to reach the goal, but
Silvia headed northeast and reached the goal walking in a straight line. Which of
the following is closest to how much shorter Silvia's trip was, compared to Jerry's
trip?

Solution

Problem 5
At a gathering of   people, there are   people who all know each other and   
people who know no one. People who know each other hug, and people who do
not know each other shake hands. How many handshakes occur?

Solution

Problem 6
Joy has   thin rods, one each of every integer length from   through  .
She places the rods with lengths  ,  , and   on a table. She then
wants to choose a fourth rod that she can put with these three to form a
quadrilateral with positive area. How many of the remaining rods can she choose
as the fourth rod?

Solution

Problem 7

Define a function on the positive integers recursively by 

,   if   is even, and   if   is odd and

greater than  . What is  ?

Solution

Problem 8
The region consisting of all points in three-dimensional space within   units of
line segment   has volume  . What is the length  ?

Solution

Problem 9

Let   be the set of points   in the coordinate plane such that two of the three
quantities  ,  , and   are equal and the third of the three quantities is no
greater than the common value. Which of the following is a correct description
of  ?
Solution

Problem 10

Chloé chooses a real number uniformly at random from the interval  .

Independently, Laurent chooses a real number uniformly at random from the

interval  . What is the probability that Laurent's number is greater than

Chloe's number?

Solution

Problem 11
Claire adds the degree measures of the interior angles of a convex polygon and
arrives at a sum of  . She then discovers that she forgot to include one angle.
What is the degree measure of the forgotten angle?

Solution

Problem 12
There are   horses, named Horse 1, Horse 2,  , Horse 10. They get their names
from how many minutes it takes them to run one lap around a circular race track:
Horse   runs one lap in exactly   minutes. At time 0 all the horses are together at
the starting point on the track. The horses start running in the same direction, and
they keep running around the circular track at their constant speeds. The least
time  , in minutes, at which all   horses will again simultaneously be at the
starting point is  . Let   be the least time, in minutes, such that at
least   of the horses are again at the starting point. What is the sum of the digits
of  ?

Solution

Problem 13
Driving at a constant speed, Sharon usually takes   minutes to drive from her
house to her mother's house. One day Sharon begins the drive at her usual speed,

but after driving   of the way, she hits a bad snowstorm and reduces her speed
by   miles per hour. This time the trip takes her a total of   minutes. How
many miles is the drive from Sharon's house to her mother's house?

Solution

Problem 14
Alice refuses to sit next to either Bob or Carla. Derek refuses to sit next to Eric.
How many ways are there for the five of them to sit in a row of   chairs under
these conditions?

Solution

Problem 15

Let  , using radian measure for the variable  .

In what interval does the smallest positive value of   for which   lie?

Solution

Problem 16
In the figure below, semicircles with centers at   and   and with radii 2 and 1,
respectively, are drawn in the interior of, and sharing bases with, a semicircle with
diameter  . The two smaller semicircles are externally tangent to each other
and internally tangent to the largest semicircle. A circle centered at   is drawn
externally tangent to the two smaller semicircles and internally tangent to the
largest semicircle. What is the radius of the circle centered at  ?
Solution

Problem 17
There are   different complex numbers   such that  . For how many of
these is   a real number?

Solution

Problem 18

Let   equal the sum of the digits of positive integer  . For

example,  . For a particular positive integer  ,  .

Which of the following could be the value of  ?

Solution

Problem 19
A square with side length   is inscribed in a right triangle with sides of length  ,  ,
and   so that one vertex of the square coincides with the right-angle vertex of the
triangle. A square with side length   is inscribed in another right triangle with
sides of length  ,  , and   so that one side of the square lies on the hypotenuse of

the triangle. What is  ?

Solution

Problem 20

How many ordered pairs   such that   is a positive real number and   is an
integer between   and  , inclusive, satisfy the

equation 
Solution

Problem 21

A set   is constructed as follows. To begin,  . Repeatedly, as long as

possible, if   is an integer root of some

polynomial   for some  , all of whose

coefficients   are elements of  , then   is put into  . When no more elements
can be added to  , how many elements does   have?

Solution

Problem 22

A square is drawn in the Cartesian coordinate plane with vertices at 

,  ,  ,  . A particle starts at  . Every second it moves

with equal probability to one of the eight lattice points (points with integer
coordinates) closest to its current position, independently of its previous moves.

In other words, the probability is   that the particle will move from   to

each of  ,  ,  ,  , 

,  ,  , or  . The particle will eventually hit the

square for the first time, either at one of the 4 corners of the square or at one of
the 12 lattice points in the interior of one of the sides of the square. The
probability that it will hit at a corner rather than at an interior point of a side

is  , where   and   are relatively prime positive integers. What is  ?

Solution

Problem 23
For certain real numbers  ,  , and  , the polynomial

has three distinct roots, and each root of   is also a root of the polynomial

What is  ?

Solution

Problem 24
Quadrilateral   is inscribed in circle   and has side
lengths  , and  . Let   and   be points

on   such that   and  . Let   be the intersection of

line   and the line through   parallel to  . Let   be the intersection of
line   and the line through   parallel to  . Let   be the point on circle   
other than   that lies on line  . What is  ?

Solution

Problem 25
The vertices   of a centrally symmetric hexagon in the complex plane are given

by
For each  ,  , an element   is chosen from   at random,

independently of the other choices. Let   be the product of the   

numbers selected. What is the probability that  ?

Problem 1
Kymbrea's comic book collection currently has   comic books in it, and she is
adding to her collection at the rate of   comic books per month. LaShawn's
collection currently has   comic books in it, and he is adding to his collection at
the rate of   comic books per month. After how many months will LaShawn's
collection have twice as many comic books as Kymbrea's?

Solution

Problem 2
Real numbers  ,  , and   satify the inequalities  ,  ,
and  . Which of the following numbers is necessarily positive?

Solution

Problem 3

Supposed that   and   are nonzero real numbers such that  . What

is the value of  ?

Solution

Problem 4
Samia set off on her bicycle to visit her friend, traveling at an average speed of   
kilometers per hour. When she had gone half the distance to her friend's house, a
tire went flat, and she walked the rest of the way at   kilometers per hour. In all it
took her   minutes to reach her friend's house. In kilometers rounded to the
nearest tenth, how far did Samia walk?

Solution

Problem 5

The data set   has median  , first

quartile  , and third quartile  . An outlier in a data set is a value
that is more than   times the interquartile range below the first quartile   or

more than   times the interquartile range above the third quartile  , where
the interquartile range is defined as  . How many outliers does this data
set have?

Solution

Problem 6

The circle having   and   as the endpoints of a diameter intersects the  -
axis at a second point. What is the  -coordinate of this point?

Solution

Problem 7

The functions   and   are periodic with least period  . What is the

least period of the function  ?

 It's not periodic.

Solution

Problem 8
The ratio of the short side of a certain rectangle to the long side is equal to the
ratio of the long side to the diagonal. What is the square of the ratio of the short
side to the long side of this rectangle?

Solution

Problem 9
A circle has center   and radius  . Another circle has center   and

radius  . The line passing through the two points of intersection of the two
circles has equation  . What is  ?

Solution

Problem 10
At Typico High School,   of the students like dancing, and the rest dislike it. Of
those who like dancing,   say that they like it, and the rest say that they dislike
it. Of those who dislike dancing,   say that they dislike it, and the rest say that
they like it. What fraction of students who say they dislike dancing actually like it?

Solution

Problem 11
Call a positive integer   if it is a one-digit number or its digits, when
read from left to right, form either a strictly increasing or a strictly decreasing
sequence. For example,  ,  , and   are monotonous, but  ,  ,
and   are not. How many monotonous positive integers are there?

Solution

Problem 12
What is the sum of the roots of   that have a positive real part?

Solution

Problem 13
In the figure below,   of the   disks are to be painted blue,   are to be painted red,
and   is to be painted green. Two paintings that can be obtained from one
another by a rotation or a reflection of the entire figure are considered the same.
How many different paintings are possible?
Solution

Problem 14
An ice-cream novelty item consists of a cup in the shape of a 4-inch-tall frustum
of a right circular cone, with a 2-inch-diameter base at the bottom and a 4-inch-
diameter base at the top, packed solid with ice cream, together with a solid cone
of ice cream of height 4 inches, whose base, at the bottom, is the top base of the
frustum. What is the total volume of the ice cream, in cubic inches?

Solution

Problem 15
Let   be an equilateral triangle. Extend side   beyond   to a point   so
that  . Similarly, extend side   beyond   to a point   so
that  , and extend side   beyond   to a point   so
that  . What is the ratio of the area of   to the area
of  ?

Solution

Problem 16
The number   has over   positive
integer divisors. One of them is chosen at random. What is the probability that it
is odd?

Solution
Problem 17

A coin is biased in such a way that on each toss the probability of heads is   and

the probability of tails is  . The outcomes of the tosses are independent. A player
has the choice of playing Game A or Game B. In Game A she tosses the coin
three times and wins if all three outcomes are the same. In Game B she tosses
the coin four times and wins if both the outcomes of the first and second tosses
are the same and the outcomes of the third and fourth tosses are the same. How
do the chances of winning Game A compare to the chances of winning Game B?

 The probability of winning Game A is   less than the probability of winning
Game B.

 The probability of winning Game A is   less than the probability of winning
Game B.

 The probabilities are the same.

 The probability of winning Game A is   greater than the probability of

winning Game B.

 The probability of winning Game A is   greater than the probability of

winning Game B.
Solution

Problem 18
The diameter   of a circle of radius   is extended to a point   outside the
circle so that  . Point   is chosen so that   and line   is
perpendicular to line  . Segment   intersects the circle at a point   
between   and  . What is the area of  ?

Solution

Problem 19
Let   be the  -digit number that is formed by
writing the integers from   to   in order, one after the other. What is the
remainder when   is divided by  ?

Solution

Problem 20
Real numbers   and   are chosen independently and uniformly at random from

the interval  . What is the probability that  ?

Solution

Problem 21
Last year Isabella took   math tests and received   different scores, each an
integer between   and  , inclusive. After each test she noticed that the
average of her test scores was an integer. Her score on the seventh test was  .
What was her score on the sixth test?

Solution

Problem 22
Abby, Bernardo, Carl, and Debra play a game in which each of them starts with
four coins. The game consists of four rounds. In each round, four balls are placed
in an urn---one green, one red, and two white. The players each draw a ball at
random without replacement. Whoever gets the green ball gives one coin to
whoever gets the red ball. What is the probability that, at the end of the fourth
round, each of the players has four coins?

Solution

Problem 23
The graph of  , where   is a polynomial of degree  , contains

points  ,  , and  . Lines  ,  , and   intersect the

graph again at points  ,  , and  , respectively, and the sum of the  -coordinates

of  ,  , and   is  . What is 

? 
Solution

Problem 24
Quadrilateral   has right angles at   and  ,  ,
and  . There is a point   in the interior of   such
that   and the area of   is   times the area

of  . What is  ?

Solution

Problem 25
A set of   people participate in an online video basketball tournament. Each
person may be a member of any number of  -player teams, but no teams may
have exactly the same   members. The site statistics show a curious fact: The
average, over all subsets of size   of the set of   participants, of the number of
complete teams whose members are among those 9 people is equal to the
reciprocal of the average, over all subsets of size   of the set of   participants, of
the number of complete teams whose members are among those   people. How
many values  ,  , can be the number of participants?

Problem 1
What is the value in simplest form of the following expression?

Solution

Problem 2

What is the value of the following expression?

Solution

Problem 3
The ratio of   to   is  , the ratio of   to   is  , and the ratio of   to   is 
. What is the ratio of   to  ?

Solution

Problem 4
The acute angles of a right triangle are   and  , where   and both   and   
are prime numbers. What is the least possible value of  ?

Solution

Problem 5
Teams   and   are playing in a basketball league where each game results in a

win for one team and a loss for the other team. Team   has won   of its games

and team   has won   of its games. Also, team   has won   more games and
lost   more games than team   How many games has team   played?

Solution

Problem 6
For all integers   the value of is always which of the
following?

Solution

Problem 7
Two nonhorizontal, non vertical lines in the  -coordinate plane intersect to form
a   angle. One line has slope equal to   times the slope of the other line. What
is the greatest possible value of the product of the slopes of the two lines?

Solution

Problem 8

How many ordered pairs of integers   satisfy the equation

Solution

Problem 9
A three-quarter sector of a circle of radius   inches together with its interior can
be rolled up to form the lateral surface of a right circular cone by taping together
along the two radii shown. What is the volume of the cone in cubic inches?
Solution

Problem 10
In unit square   the inscribed circle   intersects   at   and   
intersects   at a point   different from   What is 

Solution

Problem 11
As shown in the figure below, six semicircles lie in the interior of a regular
hexagon with side length   so that the diameters of the semicircles coincide with
the sides of the hexagon. What is the area of the shaded region—inside the
hexagon but outside all of the semicircles?

Solution

Problem 12

Let   be a diameter in a circle of radius   Let   be a chord in the circle

that intersects   at a point   such that   and   What

is 
Solution

Problem 13

Which of the following is the value of 

Solution

Problem 14

Bela and Jenn play the following game on the closed interval   of the real
number line, where   is a fixed integer greater than  . They take turns playing,
with Bela going first. At his first turn, Bela chooses any real number in the

interval  . Thereafter, the player whose turn it is chooses a real number that
is more than one unit away from all numbers previously chosen by either player.
A player unable to choose such a number loses. Using optimal strategy, which
player will win the game?
 

Solution

Problem 15
There are 10 people standing equally spaced around a circle. Each person knows
exactly 3 of the other 9 people: the 2 people standing next to her or him, as well
as the person directly across the circle. How many ways are there for the 10
people to split up into 5 pairs so that the members of each pair know each other?

Solution

Problem 16
An urn contains one red ball and one blue ball. A box of extra red and blue balls
lie nearby. George performs the following operation four times: he draws a ball
from the urn at random and then takes a ball of the same color from the box and
returns those two matching balls to the urn. After the four iterations the urn
contains six balls. What is the probability that the urn contains three balls of each
color?
Solution

Problem 17
How many polynomials of the form  ,
where  ,  ,  , and   are real numbers, have the property that whenever   is a root,

so is  ? (Note that  )

Solution

Problem 18
In square  , points   and   lie on   and  , respectively, so
that   Points   and   lie on   and  , respectively, and points   
and   lie on   so that   and  . See the figure below.
Triangle  , quadrilateral  , quadrilateral  , and
pentagon   each has area   What is  ?

Solution

Problem 19
Square   in the coordinate plane has vertices at the

points   and   Consider the following

four transformations:
   a rotation of   counterclockwise around the origin;
   a rotation of   clockwise around the origin;
   a reflection across the  -axis; and
   a reflection across the  -axis.
Each of these transformations maps the squares onto itself, but the positions of
the labeled vertices will change. For example, applying   and then   would send

the vertex   at   to   and would send the vertex   at   to

itself. How many sequences of   transformations chosen from   

will send all of the labeled vertices back to their original positions? (For
example,   is one sequence of   transformations that will send the
vertices back to their original positions.)

Solution

Problem 20
Two different cubes of the same size are to be painted, with the color of each
face being chosen independently and at random to be either black or white. What
is the probability that after they are painted, the cubes can be rotated to be
identical in appearance?

Solution

Problem 21

How many positive integers   satisfy (Recall that   is the

greatest integer not exceeding  .)

Solution

Problem 22
What is the maximum value of   for real values of 

Solution

Problem 23
How many integers   are there such that whenever   are
complex numbers such that

then the
numbers   are equally spaced on the unit circle in the complex plane?

Solution

Problem 24

Let   denote the number of ways of writing the positive integer   as a
product where  , the   are integers strictly greater than  ,
and the order in which the factors are listed matters (that is, two representations
that differ only in the order of the factors are counted as distinct). For example,

the number   can be written as  ,  , and  , so  . What is  ?

Solution

Problem 25
For each real number   with  , let numbers   and   be chosen

independently at random from the intervals   and  , respectively, and

let   be the probability that

What is the maximum value of 

Problem 1
Carlos took   of a whole pie. Maria took one third of the remainder. What
portion of the whole pie was left?

Solution

Problem 2
The acronym AMC is shown in the rectangular grid below with grid lines spaced   
unit apart. In units, what is the sum of the lengths of the line segments that form
the acronym AMC

Solution

Problem 3
A driver travels for   hours at   miles per hour, during which her car gets   
miles per gallon of gasoline. She is paid   per mile, and her only expense is
gasoline at   per gallon. What is her net rate of pay, in dollars per hour, after
this expense?

Solution

Problem 4
How many  -digit positive integers (that is, integers between   and  ,
inclusive) having only even digits are divisible by 
Solution

Problem 5
The   integers from   to   inclusive, can be arranged to form a  -by-  
square in which the sum of the numbers in each row, the sum of the numbers in
each column, and the sum of the numbers along each of the main diagonals are
all the same. What is the value of this common sum?

Solution

Problem 6
In the plane figure shown below,   of the unit squares have been shaded. What is
the least number of additional unit squares that must be shaded so that the
resulting figure has two lines of symmetry

Solution

Problem 7
Seven cubes, whose volumes are  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , and   cubic units, are
stacked vertically to form a tower in which the volumes of the cubes decrease
from bottom to top. Except for the bottom cube, the bottom face of each cube
lies completely on top of the cube below it. What is the total surface area of the
tower (including the bottom) in square units?

Solution

Problem 8
What is the median of the following list of   numbers

Solution

Problem 9

How many solutions does the equation   have on the

interval 

Solution

Problem 10

There is a unique positive integer   such that

What is the sum of the digits of 

Solution

Problem 11

A frog sitting at the point   begins a sequence of jumps, where each jump is
parallel to one of the coordinate axes and has length  , and the direction of each
jump (up, down, right, or left) is chosen independently at random. The sequence
ends when the frog reaches a side of the square with

vertices   and  . What is the probability that the sequence

of jumps ends on a vertical side of the square

Solution

Problem 12
Line   in the coordinate plane has the equation  . This line is

rotated   counterclockwise about the point   to obtain line  . What is

the  -coordinate of the  -intercept of line 

Solution

Problem 13
There are integers  ,  , and  , each greater than 1, such that

for all  . What is  ?

Solution

Problem 14
Regular octagon   has area  . Let   be the area of

quadrilateral  . What is 

Solution

Problem 15
In the complex plane, let   be the set of solutions to   and let   be the
set of solutions to  . What is the greatest distance
between a point of   and a point of 

Solution

Problem 16
A point is chosen at random within the square in the coordinate plane whose

vertices are   and  . The probability that

the point is within   units of a lattice point is  . (A point   is a lattice point
if   and   are both integers.) What is   to the nearest tenth

Solution

Problem 17
The vertices of a quadrilateral lie on the graph of  , and the  -coordinates
of these vertices are consecutive positive integers. The area of the quadrilateral

is  . What is the  -coordinate of the leftmost vertex?

Solution

Problem 18
Quadrilateral   satisfies  ,
and  . Diagonals   and   intersect at point  , and  . What
is the area of quadrilateral  ?

Solution

Problem 19
There exists a unique strictly increasing sequence of nonnegative

integers   such that

What is 

Solution

Problem 20

Let   be the triangle in the coordinate plane with vertices  ,  , and  .
Consider the following five isometries (rigid transformations) of the plane:
rotations of  ,  , and   counterclockwise around the origin, reflection
across the  -axis, and reflection across the  -axis. How many of the   
sequences of three of these transformations (not necessarily distinct) will
return   to its original position? (For example, a   rotation, followed by a
reflection across the  -axis, followed by a reflection across the  -axis will
return   to its original position, but a   rotation, followed by a reflection across
the  -axis, followed by another reflection across the  -axis will not return   to its
original position.)

Solution

Problem 21
How many positive integers   are there such that   is a multiple of  , and the
least common multiple of   and   equals   times the greatest common divisor
of   and 

Solution

Problem 22

Let   and   be the sequences of real numbers such that

for all integers  , where  . What is

Solution

Problem 23
Jason rolls three fair standard six-sided dice. Then he looks at the rolls and
chooses a subset of the dice (possibly empty, possibly all three dice) to reroll.
After rerolling, he wins if and only if the sum of the numbers face up on the three
dice is exactly  . Jason always plays to optimize his chances of winning. What is
the probability that he chooses to reroll exactly two of the dice?

Solution

Problem 24
Suppose that   is an equilateral triangle of side length  , with the property

that there is a unique point   inside the triangle such that  ,  ,

and  . What is 

Solution

Problem 25

The number  , where   and   are relatively prime positive integers, has the

property that the sum of all real numbers   satisfying is  ,

where   denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to   

and   denotes the fractional part of  . What is 

2021 AMC 12A Problems

2021 AMC 12A (Answer Key)
Printable version: Wiki | AoPS Resources • PDF

Instructions

1. This is a 25-question, multiple choice test. Each question

is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D and E. Only one of
these is correct.
2. You will receive 6 points for each correct answer, 2.5
points for each problem left unanswered if the year is
before 2006, 1.5 points for each problem left unanswered if
the year is after 2006, and 0 points for each incorrect
answer.
3. No aids are permitted other than scratch paper, graph paper,
ruler, compass, protractor and erasers (and calculators that
are accepted for use on the test if before 2006. No problems
on the test will require the use of a calculator).
 4. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
5. You will have 75 minutes working time to complete the
test.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 
12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 
• 22 • 23 • 24 • 25

Contents
 [hide] 

 1 Problem 1
 2 Problem 2
 3 Problem 3
 4 Problem 4
 5 Problem 5
 6 Problem 6
 7 Problem 7
 8 Problem 8
 9 Problem 9
 10 Problem 10
 11 Problem 11
 12 Problem 12
 13 Problem 13
 14 Problem 14
 15 Problem 15
 16 Problem 16
 17 Problem 17
 18 Problem 18
 19 Problem 19
 20 Problem 20
 21 Problem 21
 22 Problem 22
 23 Problem 23
 24 Problem 24
 25 Problem 25
 26 See also

Problem 1

What is the value of

Solution

Problem 2

Under what conditions does   hold, where   and   are real

numbers?

 It is never true.

 It is true if and only if  .

 It is true if and only if  .

 It is true if and only if   and  .

 It is always true.

Solution

Problem 3
The sum of two natural numbers is  . One of the two numbers is divisible
by  . If the units digit of that number is erased, the other number is obtained.
What is the difference of these two numbers?

Solution

Problem 4
Tom has a collection of   snakes,   of which are purple and   of which are
happy. He observes that

 all of his happy snakes can add,

 none of his purple snakes can subtract, and

 all of his snakes that can't subtract also can't add.

Which of these conclusions can be drawn about Tom's snakes?

  Purple snakes can add.

 Purple snakes are happy.

 Snakes that can add are purple.

 Happy snakes are not purple.

 Happy snakes can't subtract.

Solution

Problem 5
When a student multiplied the number   by the repeating

decimal,   where   and   are digits, he did not notice the

notation and just multiplied   times   Later he found that his answer is   

less than the correct answer. What is the  -digit number 

Solution

Problem 6
A deck of cards has only red cards and black cards. The probability of a randomly

chosen card being red is  . When   black cards are added to the deck, the

probability of choosing red becomes  . How many cards were in the deck
originally?

Solution

Problem 7

What is the least possible value of   for all real numbers   
and 
Solution

Problem 8
A sequence of numbers is defined by   
and   for  . What are the parities (evenness or

oddness) of the triple of numbers  , where   denotes even

and   denotes odd?

Solution

Problem 9
Which of the following is equivalent to

Solution

Problem 10
Two right circular cones with vertices facing down as shown in the figure below
contains the same amount of liquid. The radii of the tops of the liquid surfaces
are   cm and   cm. Into each cone is dropped a spherical marble of radius   cm,
which sinks to the bottom and is completely submerged without spilling any
liquid. What is the ratio of the rise of the liquid level in the narrow cone to the rise
of the liquid level in the wide cone?
Solution

Problem 11

A laser is placed at the point  . The laser beam travels in a straight line. Larry
wants the beam to hit and bounce off the  -axis, then hit and bounce off the  -

axis, then hit the point  . What is the total distance the beam will travel along
this path?

Solution

Problem 12
All the roots of the polynomial   are
positive integers, possibly repeated. What is the value of  ?

Solution

Problem 13
Of the following complex numbers  , which one has the property that   has the
greatest real part?
Solution

Problem 14

What is the value of

Solution

Problem 15
A choir direction must select a group of singers from among his   tenors and   
basses. The only requirements are that the difference between the numbers of
tenors and basses must be a multiple of  , and the group must have at least one
singer. Let   be the number of different groups that could be selected. What is
the remainder when   is divided by  ?

Solution

Problem 16
In the following list of numbers, the integer   appears   times in the list
for  . What is the median
of the numbers in this list?

Solution

Problem 17

Trapezoid   has  , and  . Let   

be the intersection of the diagonals   and  , and let   be the midpoint

of  . Given that  , the length of   can be written in the form  ,
where   and   are positive integers and   is not divisible by the square of any
prime. What is  ?

Solution
Problem 18
Let   be a function defined on the set of positive rational numbers with the

property that   for all positive rational numbers   and  .

Furthermore, suppose that   also has the property that   for every prime

number  . For which of the following numbers   is  ?

Solution

Problem 19

How many solutions does the equation   have in

the closed interval  ?

Solution

Problem 20
Suppose that on a parabola with vertex   and a focus   there exists a point   
such that   and  . What is the sum of all possible values of the
length 

Solution

Problem 21

The five solutions to the equation may

be written in the form   for   where   and   are real. Let   be
the unique ellipse that passes through the

points   and  . The eccentricity of   

can be written in the form   where   and   are relatively prime positive

integers. What is  ? (Recall that the eccentricity of an ellipse   is the ratio 
, where   is the length of the major axis of   and   is the is the distance
between its two foci.)

Solution

Problem 22

Suppose that the roots of the polynomial   

are   and  , where angles are in radians. What is  ?

Solution

Problem 23
Frieda the frog begins a sequence of hops on a   grid of squares, moving
one square on each hop and choosing at random the direction of each hop up,
down, left, or right. She does not hop diagonally. When the direction of a hop
would take Frieda off the grid, she "wraps around" and jumps to the opposite
edge. For example if Frieda begins in the center square and makes two hops "up",
the first hop would place her in the top row middle square, and the second hop
would cause Frieda to jump to the opposite edge, landing in the bottom row
middle square. Suppose Frieda starts from the center square, makes at most four
hops at random, and stops hopping if she lands on a corner square. What is the
probability that she reaches a corner square on one of the four hops?

Solution

Problem 24
Semicircle   has diameter   of length  . Circle   lies tangent to   at a

point   and intersects   at points   and  . If   and  ,

then the area of   equals  , where   and   are relatively prime positive
integers, and   is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. What
is  ?

Solution

Problem 25

Let   denote the number of positive integers that divide  , including   and  .

For example,   and  . (This function is known as the

divisor function.) Let There is a unique positive integer   such

that   for all positive integers  . What is the sum of the digits
of 

Solution

Problem 1

How many integer values of   satisfy 

Solution

Problem 2
At a math contest,   students are wearing blue shirts, and another   students
are wearing yellow shirts. The   students are assigned into   pairs. In
exactly   of these pairs, both students are wearing blue shirts. In how many
pairs are both students wearing yellow shirts?

Solution
Problem 3

Suppose What is the value of 

Solution

Problem 4
Ms. Blackwell gives an exam to two classes. The mean of the scores of the
students in the morning class is  , and the afternoon class's mean score is  .
The ratio of the number of students in the morning class to the number of

students in the afternoon class is  . What is the mean of the score of all the
students?

Solution

Problem 5

The point   in the  -plane is first rotated counterclockwise by   around

the point   and then reflected about the line  . The image of   after

these two transformations is at  . What is 

Solution

Problem 6
An inverted cone with base radius   and height   is full of water. The
water is poured into a tall cylinder whose horizontal base has a radius of  .
What is the height in centimeters of the water in the cylinder?

Solution
Problem 7
Let   What is the ratio of the sum of the odd divisors of   
to the sum of the even divisors of 

Solution

Problem 8
Three equally spaced parallel lines intersect a circle, creating three chords of
lengths   and  . What is the distance between two adjacent parallel lines?

Solution

Problem 9

What is the value of

Solution

Problem 10

Two distinct numbers are selected from the set   so that
the sum of the remaining   numbers is the product of these two numbers. What
is the difference of these two numbers?

Solution

Problem 11
Triangle   has   and  . Let   be the point
on   such that  . There are exactly two points   and   on line   
such that quadrilaterals   and   are trapezoids. What is the
distance 
Solution

Problem 12
Suppose that   is a finite set of positive integers. If the greatest integer in   is
removed from  , then the average value (arithmetic mean) of the integers
remaining is  . If the least integer in   is also removed, then the average value
of the integers remaining is  . If the greatest integer is then returned to the set,
the average value of the integers rises to   The greatest integer in the original
set   is   greater than the least integer in  . What is the average value of all the
integers in the set 

Solution

Problem 13
How many values of   in the interval   satisfy

Solution

Problem 14
Let   be a rectangle and let   be a segment perpendicular to the plane

of  . Suppose that   has integer length, and the lengths of   
and   are consecutive odd positive integers (in this order). What is the volume
of pyramid 

Solution

Problem 15
The figure is constructed from   line segments, each of which has length  . The

area of pentagon   can be written as  , where   and   are

positive integers. What is 

Solution

Problem 16

Let   be a polynomial with leading coefficient   whose three roots are the

reciprocals of the three roots of   

where   What is   in terms of   and 

Solution

Problem 17
Let   be an isosceles trapezoid having parallel bases   and   
with   Line segments from a point inside   to the vertices
divide the trapezoid into four triangles whose areas are   and   starting with
the triangle with base   and moving clockwise as shown in the diagram below.
What is the ratio 

Solution

Problem 18

Let   be a complex number satisfying   

What is the value of 

Solution

Problem 19
Two fair dice, each with at least   faces are rolled. On each face of each dice is
printed a distinct integer from   to the number of faces on that die, inclusive. The

probability of rolling a sum if   is   of the probability of rolling a sum of   and

the probability of rolling a sum of   is  . What is the least possible number of
faces on the two dice combined?

Solution

Problem 20
Let   and   be the unique polynomials such that

and the degree of   is less than   What

is 

Solution

Problem 21

Let   be the sum of all positive real numbers   for which Which of
the following statements is true?

Solution

Problem 22
Arjun and Beth play a game in which they take turns removing one brick or two
adjacent bricks from one "wall" among a set of several walls of bricks, with gaps
possibly creating new walls. The walls are one brick tall. For example, a set of
walls of sizes   and   can be changed into any of the following by one

move:   or 

Arjun plays first, and the player who removes the last brick wins. For which
starting configuration is there a strategy that guarantees a win for Beth?

Solution

Problem 23
Three balls are randomly and independently tossed into bins numbered with the
positive integers so that for each ball, the probability that it is tossed into bin   
is   for   More than one ball is allowed in each bin. The probability

that the balls end up evenly spaced in distinct bins is   where   and   are
relatively prime positive integers. (For example, the balls are evenly spaced if they
are tossed into bins   and  ) What is 

Solution

Problem 24
Let   be a parallelogram with area  . Points   and   are the projections
of   and   respectively, onto the line   and points   and   are the
projections of   and   respectively, onto the line   See the figure, which also
shows the relative locations of these points.

Suppose   and   and let   denote the length of   the longer

diagonal of   Then   can be written in the form   where   

and   are positive integers and   is not divisible by the square of any prime. What
is 

Solution

Problem 25
Let   be the set of lattice points in the coordinate plane, both of whose
coordinates are integers between   and   inclusive. Exactly   points in   lie
on or below a line with equation   The possible values of   lie in an

interval of length   where   and   are relatively prime positive integers. What
is