CREATE TABLE:-

Sy:
The basic syntax of the CREATE TABLE statement is as follows –
CREATE TABLE table_name(
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
.....
columnN datatype,
PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);
Eg:-

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(

ID INT NOT NULL,
NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR (25) ,
SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

DESC CUSTOMERS;
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | | |
| ADDRESS | char(25) | YES | | NULL | |
| SALARY | decimal(18,2) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

Insert Table-It is used to insert a single or a multiple records in a table.

There are two ways to insert data in a table:

2. If you are adding values for all the columns of the table, you do not need
to specify the column names in the SQL query. However, make sure the
order of the values is in the same order as the columns in the table. Here,
the INSERT INTO syntax would be as follows:
 Sy:INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN);

Eg:-

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (3, 'kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (6, 'Komal', 22, 'MP', 4500.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (7, ‘MUFFY’,24,’INDORE’,10000.00);

TABLE

----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

DELETE : The DELETE statement is used to delete rows from a table. If you want to
remove a specific row from a table you should use WHERE condition.
Sy:-

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE [condition];

But if you do not specify the WHERE condition it will remove all the rows from the table.

DELETE FROM table_name;

You can combine N number of conditions using AND or OR operators.

Eg:- DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS

WHERE ID = 6;

Table:-
----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+-------

DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS;

CUSTOMERS table would not have any record.

UPDATE:- The UPDATE statement is used to modify the existing records in a

table.

Sy:-UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2...., columnN = valueN
WHERE [condition];

combine N number of conditions using the AND or the OR operators.

Eg:-UPDATE CUSTOMERS
SET ADDRESS = 'Pune'
WHERE ID = 6;

Table:-

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | Pune | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

UPDATE CUSTOMERS
SET ADDRESS = 'Pune', SALARY = 1000.00;

+----+----------+-----+---------+---------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+---------+---------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Pune | 1000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Pune | 1000.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Pune | 1000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Pune | 1000.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Pune | 1000.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | Pune | 1000.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Pune | 1000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+---------+---------+

Updating Multiple Fields: If you are going to update multiple fields, you should
separate each field assignment with a comma.

SQL UPDATE statement for multiple fields:

 DROP :- The DROP TABLE statement is used to drop an existing table in a

database.

Note: Be careful before dropping a table. Deleting a table will result in loss of
complete information stored in the table!

DROP TABLE table_name;

DESC CUSTOMERS;
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | | |
| ADDRESS | char(25) | YES | | NULL | |
| SALARY | decimal(18,2) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

Sy:-DROP TABLE CUSTOMERS;

DESC CUSTOMERS;
ERROR. Table ‘TEST.CUSTOMERS’ doesn’t exist

TRUNCATE :- A truncate SQL statement is used to remove all rows (complete data) from
a table. It is similar to the DELETE statement with no WHERE clause.

TRUNCATE TABLE Vs DELETE TABLE

Truncate table is faster and uses lesser resources than DELETE TABLE command.

TRUNCATE TABLE Vs DROP TABLE

Drop table command can also be used to delete complete table but it deletes table
structure too. TRUNCATE TABLE doesn't delete the structure of the table.

Note: The rollback process is not possible after truncate table statement. Once you
truncate a table you cannot use a flashback table statement to retrieve the content of
the table.

Sy:-TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

Eg:-TRUNCATE TABLE CUSTOMERS;

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

Empty set .

ALTER :-

Sy:-ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;

ADD a New Column to an existing table –

Eg:-ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERS ADD GENDER char(1);

Table:-

+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | GENDER |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 | NULL |
| 2 | Ramesh | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 | NULL |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 | NULL |
| 4 | kaushik | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 | NULL |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 | NULL |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 | NULL |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | NULL |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+------+
DROP gender column from the existing table

+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Ramesh | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | kaushik | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+

RENAME:-

Sy:-RENAME old_table _name To new_table_name ;  

SELECT :-

Sy:-SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name;

Eg:-SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY FROM CUSTOMERS;

Table:-
+----+----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | SALARY |
+----+----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+----------+

WHERE:-

Sy:-SELECT column1, column2, columnN

FROM table_name
WHERE [condition]
Eg:-SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY
FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE SALARY > 2000;

Table:-
+----+----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | SALARY |
+----+----------+----------+
| 4 | Chaitali | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+----------+

AND & OR:-

AND:-

Sy:-SELECT column1, column2, columnN

FROM table_name
WHERE [condition1] AND [condition2]...AND [conditionN];

Eg:-SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY

FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE SALARY > 2000 AND age < 25;
Table:-
+----+-------+----------+
| ID | NAME | SALARY |
+----+-------+----------+
| 6 | Komal | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 10000.00 |
+----+-------+----------+

 OR:-

Sy:-SELECT column1, column2, columnN

FROM table_name
WHERE [condition1] OR [condition2]...OR [conditionN]

Eg:-SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY

FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE SALARY > 2000 OR age < 25;

Table:-
+----+----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | SALARY |
+----+----------+----------+
| 3 | kaushik | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+----------+

MIN& MAX:-

SELECT MIN(salary)
-> FROM Customer table;
SELECT MAX(salary)
-> FROM Customer_Table;

COUNT&AVG:-

Sy:-SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Eg:-SELECT COUNT(ID)
FROM Customer table;

Sy:-SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Eg:-SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM Customer table;

ORDER BY :-

Sy:-SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition]
[ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC | DESC];

Eg:-SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS

ORDER BY NAME, SALARY;

Table:-
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

Primary Key&Foreign Key:-

The relationship between 2 tables matches the Primary Key in one of the tables with a
Foreign Key in the second table.
If a table has a primary key defined on any field(s), then you cannot have two records
having the same value of that field(s).

CUSTOMERS table:-

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(

ID INT NOT NULL,
NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR (25) ,
SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);
ORDERS table:-

CREATE TABLE ORDERS (

ID INT NOT NULL,
DATE DATETIME,
CUSTOMER_ID INT references CUSTOMERS(ID),
AMOUNT double,
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);
ALTER TABLE ORDERS
ADD FOREIGN KEY (Customer_ID) REFERENCES CUSTOMERS (ID);