MATH 9 HAND-OUT #1

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS are polynomial functions, f ( x ), of the second degree whose graph is parabolic in form.

Standard Form: f ( x )=a x 2 +bx +c

Where a, b, and c are the coefficients of the terms.

Vertex Form: f ( x )=a( x−h)2 +k

−b 4 ac−b2
Where h= and k =
2a 4a

TRANSFORMING A QUADRATIC FUNCTION IN STANDARD FORM TO VERTEX FORM.

Steps:
1. Standard form of the quadratic function.
2. Regroup and factor (if the first term has a coefficient other than one (1).
3. Identify a, b, and c. then solve for ¿.
4. Add and subtract ¿ to produce a Perfect Square Trinomial (PST).
5. Factor the PST and combine the constant terms. Then, write the vertex form of the quadratic function.

Example:
1. y=x 2−6 x +2 1. Standard form of the quadratic function.
2
y=( x −6 x)+2 2. Regroup and factor.
a=1
b=−6 3. Identify a, b, and c. then solve for ¿
c=2 ¿
2
y= x −6 x+ 9 +2−9
( ) 4. Add and subtract ¿ to produce a Perfect Square Trinomial (PST).
2
y=(x−3) +7 5. Factor the PST and combine the constant terms. Then, write the vertex form
of the quadratic function.

2. y=x 2−6 x +7
3. y=x 2−18 x +5

SEAT WORK #1
Transforming each quadratic function in standard form to vertex form. Then, identify the values of h and k .
1. y=x 2−22 x +10
2. y=x 2−8 x +2
3. y=x 2−18 x +74
4. y=x 2−3 x +5
5. y=x 2−13 x +1

QUIZ #1
Transforming each quadratic function in standard form to vertex form. Then, identify the values of h and k .
1. y=x 2−2 x−5
2. y=x 2 +8 x−4
3. y=x 2−16 x−8
4. y=x 2−12 x
5. y=x 2−10 x +15
MATH HAND-OUT #2

Transforming a quadratic function in vertex form to standard form.

Possible Steps:
1. Factor the given standard equation.
2. Multiply the sum and/ or the difference.
3. Distributive property and/ or Addition property or combining like terms.

Example:
1. y=(x−3)2 +7
y=( x−3)(x−3)+7 1. Factor the given standard equation.
y=( x 2−6 x +9)+ 7 2. Multiply the sum and/ or the difference.
y=x 2−6 x +16 3. Addition property or combining like terms.

2. y=(x−4)2+ 10

3. y=2(x−1)2 +5

SEAT WORK #2
Transform each quadratic function in vertex form to standard form. Then, identify the values of a , b , and c .
1. y=( x−5)2
2. y=( x−6)2 +3
3. y=(x +10)2 +15
4. y=2(x+ 4)2 +2
5. y=−3( x−2)2−1

QUIZ #2
Transform each quadratic function in vertex form to standard form. Then, identify the values of a , b , and c .
1. y=( x +5)2 −3
2. y=(2 x−3)2+5
3. y=(x +4)2 +3
4. y=5 (x−3)2+10
2
−1
5. y= (2 x −2) −1
2
MATH 9 HAND-OUT #3
Solving Quadratic Equations

A. By Extracting the ROOT

Note: If b ≠ 0, the quadratic equation is a COMPLETE QUADRATIC EQUATION.
If b=0, the quadratic equation is a PURE or INCOMPLETE QUADRATIC EQUATION.
Examples:
1. x 2−4=0
0
x 2−4=0 Given
x 2=4 Transposition
2
√ x =√ 4 Square both sides of the equation.
x=2 Get the value.
x=+2∨x=−2Square Root Property – If x 2=n , then x=+ √ n or x=− √n

Answer the following examples.

1. x 2−8=0
2. x 2+ 2=18
3. 3(x ¿¿ 2+2)=36 ¿

B. By FACTORING
The test for factorability of a trinomial of the form a x 2+ bx+ c states that ‘if the Discriminant D=b2−4 ac is a
perfect square, then the trinomial is factorable’.
Example.
1. Find the solutions of the equation x 2−8 x +12=0 , where a=1, b=−8, and c=12 .
D=b2−4 ac Solve first for the discriminant to tell whether the given trinomial is
factorable or not.
¿−82 −4 (1)(12)
D=16∨42 Since the answer is a perfect square, then the trinomial is factorable.

x 2−8 x +12=0
x 2−8 x +12=( x−6)( x−2) Solve for the factors of the given equation.
x−6=0 and x−2=0 Applying the Zero Property
x=6 and x=2 Solutions of the given equation

Answer the following examples.

1. x 2−7 x+ 12=0
2. x 2+ x−6=0
3. 5 x 2=13 x+6

SEAT WORK #3
Find the solutions of each equation. QUIZ #3
A. By square root property. Find the solutions of each equation.
1. x 2−81=0 A. By square root property.
2. x 2−36=0 1. x 2−144=0
3. 2 x2 +2=20 2. x 2−75=0
4. x 2+ 5=30 3. 5 x 2+10=60
5. x 2−35=15 4. 2(x−2)2 +4=0
B. By factoring 5. ( 4 x+1)2−5=27
1. x 2−x +7=0 B. By factoring
2. x 2−3 x−18=0 1. x 2−x +7=0
3. x 2−5 x+ 6=0 2. x 2−3 x−18=0
4. x 2+ 9 x+ 8=0 3. x 2−5 x+ 6=0
5. x 2=3(x +6) 4. x 2+ 9 x+ 8=0
5. x 2=3(x +6)
MATH 9 HAND-OUT #4
Solving Quadratic Equations

C. By Completeing the Square

The main task in using the method of completing the square is to produce a perfect square trinomial
(PST) on the left side of the quadratic equation, then use the Square Root Property to solve the equation.
To make an expression of the form x 2+ bx a perfect square trinomial, add ¿.
Example:
1. Solve x 2+ 6 x+ 8=0 by completing the square.

x 2+ 6 x+ 8=0 Given
x 2+ 6 x=−8 Making the left side free of the constant term.
x 2+ 6 x+ 9=−8+ 9 Making the left side a PST; applying Addition Property of Equality
( x +3)2=1 Factoring the PST and simplifying the right side.
√(x +3)2=± √1 Applying Square Root Property
x +3=± 1 Extracting the square root of both sides
x=1−3 Solving for x.
x=−2
x=−1−3
x=−4
Thus, the solutions are -2 and -4.
2
2. Solve 4 x −5 x −6=0 by completing the square.

4 x2 −5 x −6=0 Given
4 x2 −5 x =6 Making the left side free of the constant term.
5 6
4 ( x 2− x)= Factor out 4 and divide both sides by 4
4 4
5 25 3 25
x 2− x+ = + Making the left side a PST; applying Addition Property of Equality
4 64 2 64
2
5 121
( x− ) = Factoring the PST and simplifying the right side.
8 64
2
5 121
√ (x− ) =±
5
8
11
√ 64
Applying Square Root Property

x− =± Extracting the square root of both sides

8 8
−11 5
x= + Solving for x.
8 8
−6 −3
x= ∨
8 4
11 5
x= +
8 8
16 −3
x= ∨2 Thus, the solutions are and 2.
8 4

SEAT WORK #4
Find the solutions of each equation by completing the square.
1. x 2+ 2 x−15=0
2. x 2−5 x−24=0
3. x 2−14 x +49=0
4. 2 x2 +10 x−12=0
5. 6 x 2−8 x +4=0
Quiz #4
Find the solutions of each equation by completing the square.
1. x 2−4 x+7=0
2. x 2−2 x−1=0
3. x 2+ 24 x−6=0
4. 3 x 2+12 x+ 8=0
5. 10 x 2−20 x=0
MATH 9 HAND-OUT #5
Solving Quadratic Equations

D. By Using the Quadratic Formula (QF)

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a
Where: a , b ,∧c are the coefficients of the given quadratic function.

Example.
1. Find the solutions of the equation x 2+ 9 x+14=0
Solution: x 2+ 9 x+14=0 Given. It should always be in STANDARD FORM.
a=1 ,b=9 , c=14 Identify the values of a , b ,∧c .
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x= Use the QF.
2a
−9 ± √ 92−4 (1)(14)
x= Substitute the values and perform the operation.
2(1)
−9 ± √ 81−56
x=
2
−9 ± √ 25
x=
2
−9 ± 5
x=
2
−9+5
x= x=−2 The solutions are -2 and -7.
2
−9−5
x= x=−7
2

Answer the following.

1. 2 x2 −x−1=0
2. x 2−6 x +9=0
3. 3 x+ 18=x 2
4. 2 x2 +5 x +2=0
5. x 2+ 2−1=0
6. 3 x=x ( x−1)
7. x−36=x 2−11 x

SEAT WORK #5
Find the solutions of each equation by using the quadratic formula.
1. x 2−6 x +9=0
2. x 2−5 x−5=0
3. x 2−25=0
4. 2 x2 −7 x+5=0
5. 6 x 2−8 x +4=0

Quiz #5
Find the solutions of each equation by using the quadratic formula.
1. x 2−25=0 6. x 2−3 x+ 2=0

2. x 2−11 x+ 24=0 7. 6 x 2+ x−1=0

3. x 2−13 x+ 36=0 8. 2 x2 −7 x+3=0

4. ( x−1)(x+ 2)=10 9.(5 x−12)(2 x +1)=0

5. ( 3 x−1 ) ( 4 x−1 ) =13 10. x ( x−5 )=−6

Long Test in MATH 9
Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________ Score: _________/ 40

A. Transform each quadratic function in standard form to vertex form.

1. y=x 2 +2 x−3

2. y=x 2−8 x −10

3. y=x 2−4 x +2

4. y=x 2−12 x +5

5. y=x 2−20 x +75

B. Find the solutions by square root property.

1. x 2−121=0

2. x 2−4=0

3. 4 x2 −2=30

4. x 2−1=10

5. 3 x 2−10=5

C. Find the solutions by factoring

1. x 2−x−6=0

2. x 2+ 12 x +20=0

3. x 2−7 x−18=0

4. x 2−12 x+35=0

5. x 2−x−42=0

D. Find the solutions of each equation by completing the square.

1. x 2−14 x +10=0

2. x 2−8 x−4=0

3. x 2+ 24 x−15=0

4. x 2+ 2 x +8=0

5. x 2−x−4=0
Quarter Assessment in MATH 9
Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________ Score: _________/ 55
A. Find the solutions of the following quadratic equations using any of the discussed methods (factoring,
square root property, completing the square, or using the quadratic formula)
1. x 2−121=0 6. x 2+ x+1=3

2. x 2+ 3 x +2=0 7. x 2−2 x+5=0

3. x 2−3 x−10=0 8. 2 x2 +8 x=20

4. x 2−8 x−15=−30 9. 3 x 2−4 x =10

5. x ( x−3 )=21 10. x ( x +2 )=−25

B. Transform each quadratic function in standard form to vertex form. Write the vertex form on the line then,
identify the values of h and k.
1. y=x 2 +4 x−1 Vertex form=¿ ¿ h=¿ ¿¿

2. y=x 2−2 x +2 Vertex form=¿ ¿ h=¿ ¿¿

3. y=x 2−4 x−5 Vertex form=¿ ¿ h=¿ ¿¿

4. y=x 2−14 x+3 Vertex form=¿ ¿ h=¿ ¿¿

5. y=x 2−8 x +5 Vertex form=¿ ¿ h=¿ ¿¿

C. Transform each quadratic function in vertex form to standard form. Box the standard form then, identify
the values of a , b , and c .
1. y=( x +1)2 +2 Standard form=¿ ¿ ¿ =¿ c=¿ ¿

2. y=( x−2)2+ 1 Standard form=¿ ¿ ¿ =¿ c=¿ ¿

3. y=(x−3)2−5 Standard form=¿ ¿ ¿ =¿ c=¿ ¿

4. y= ( x −6 )2 +3 Standard form=¿ ¿ ¿ =¿ c=¿ ¿

5. y=−2( x−1)2 −6 Standard form=¿ ¿ ¿ =¿ c=¿ ¿

D. Problem solving. Analyse the following sets of problem regarding area, an application of quadratic
equations. Then, solve for the unknown values. The formulas are provided for you. Show your solutions.
1. A square lot has a side with length of ( x +1 ) meters . What is the area of the lot?
Formula: A Square=side× side

2. The length of a rectangle is 2 cm more than its width. What is the area of the rectangle?
Formula: A Rectangle =length× width

3. If the sides of a square are increased by 4 m, the area becomes 81 m 2. Find the length of a side of the
original square. Formula: A Square=side× side

4. The length of a rectangle is 3 cm more than its width. If the area of that rectangle is 40 cm 2, find the
dimensions of the rectangle. Formula: A Rectangle =length× width