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Representing Real Life Situations Using Functions

Here are the solutions to the piecewise function problems independently: 1) A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in every hour of computer rental. Represent your computer rental fee (R) using the function R(t) where t is the number of hours you spent on the computer. R(t) = ₱15t 2) A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for the first 2 kilometers, and each additional kilometer adds ₱8.00 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the tricycle fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers. F(d) = {₱10 if d ≤ 2} =

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Edal Santos
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views

Representing Real Life Situations Using Functions

Here are the solutions to the piecewise function problems independently: 1) A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in every hour of computer rental. Represent your computer rental fee (R) using the function R(t) where t is the number of hours you spent on the computer. R(t) = ₱15t 2) A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for the first 2 kilometers, and each additional kilometer adds ₱8.00 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the tricycle fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers. F(d) = {₱10 if d ≤ 2} =

Uploaded by

Edal Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Representing Real-Life

Situations Using Functions


LESSON 1

LESSON OBJECTIVES
recall the concepts of relations and functions;
define and explain functional relationship as a
mathematical model of situation; and
represent real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise function.
DEFINITION
A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all
first elements of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set
of all second elements is called
the range.

FUNCTION
A function is a relation or rule of correspondence
between two elements (domain
and range) such that each element in the domain
corresponds to exactly one element
in the range.
To further understand function, let’s study the
following.
Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are
functions?

A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}


B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1), (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
The relations A and B are functions because each
element in the
domain corresponds to a unique element in the
range. Meanwhile, relations C and D
are not functions because they contain ordered pai
with the same domain [C = (0,1)
and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (a,d)].
TYPES OF ONE TO ONE RELATION

RELATION A relation X And Y is said to be One


to One if there is no two elements in
X are related to one element of Y.
{(1,D),(2,B),(3,C),(4,A)}
TYPES OF
One to Many
A relation X and Y is said ton be

RELATION One to Many if at least one


element of X is related to two or
more than element in Y
{(1,a),(2,d),(3,b),(3,c)}
Many to One
TYPES OF A relation X and Y is said to be Many to One

RELATION
if at least more than one element of x is
paired with one element of Y.

{(1,D),(2,B),(3,C),(4,C)}
A relation between two sets of numbers A graph of a relation is a function if any
can be illustrated by graph in the vertical line drawn passing through the
Cartesian plane, and that a function graph intersects it at exactly one point.
passes the vertical line test.
The Function Machine

Function can be illustrated as a machine where


there is the input and the output.
When you put an object into a machine, you expect
a product as output after the
process being done by the machine.

For example, when you put an orange fruit into


a juicer, you expect an orange juice as the output
and not a grape juice. Or you will
never expect to have two kinds of juices - orange
and grapes.
Since output (y) is dependent
on input (x), we can say that y
is a function of x.
For example, if a function
machine always adds three (3)
to whatever you put in it.
input: value of x
Therefore, we can derive an
equation of x + 3 = y or
f(x) = x+ 3 where f(x) = y.
add 3 to any value of x

output: Y = value of x plus 3


1. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can
represent the height of a person in a age, if every year the height
is added by 2 inches.
Solution:
Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height
function is 𝑯(𝒂) = 𝟐 + 𝒂

2. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D that can


represent
the distance a car travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60
kilometers.
Solution:
Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the
distance
function is given by 𝑫(𝒕) = 𝟔𝟎𝒕
3. Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge
of a
cellular phone in h hour, if 12% of battery was loss every hour.
Solution:
Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the amount of
battery function is 𝑩(𝒉) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝒉

2. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D that can


represent
the distance a car travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60
kilometers.
Solution:
Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the
distance
function is given by 𝑫(𝒕) = 𝟔𝟎𝒕
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
There are functions that requires more than one formula in order
to obtain the given output. There are instances when we need to
describe situations in which a rule or relationship changes as the
input value crosses certain boundaries.
A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula
is used to define the output.
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
1. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are
charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging
using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a
month.

𝑡(𝑚) = {250 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤ 200}


= (250 + 𝑚-200 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 200}
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
1. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are
charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging
using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a
month.
For sending messages
of not exceeding 200 𝑡(𝑚) = {250 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤ 200}

In case the messages sent were


more than 200 = (250 + 𝑚-200 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 200}
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
2. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more
than 5 pieces they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a
piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought

.
For buying 5 chocolate 𝑓(𝑛) = { 50n 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 5}
bars or less
For buying more than 5 =(48𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 5}
chocolate bars
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
3. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱250.00
per head for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons,
and ₱150.00 per head for more than 100. Represent the total cost as a
piecewise function of the number of attendees to the party.

Cost for a service to at 𝐶(ℎ) = {250 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 ≤ 50}


least 50 persons

Cost for a service to 51 to 100 .


persons ={200 𝑖𝑓 51 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 100}
Cost for a service to more than 100
persons
= {150 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 100}
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
2. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more
than 5 pieces they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a
piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought

For sending messages .


of not exceeding 200
𝑓(𝑛) = { 50n 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 5}
In case the messages sent were
more than 200
=(48𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 5}
Answer Independently
Solve the following using piecewise function. Explain your answer with solution

A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for the An internet company charges ₱500.00 for
every hour of computer rental. first 2 kilometers, and each additional the first 30 GB used in a month. Every

Represent your computer rental fee exceeding GB will then cost ₱30.00 But if the
kilometer adds ₱8.00 to the fare. Use
costumer reach a total of 50 GB and
(R) using the function R(t) where t is a piecewise function to represent the
above, a flat rate of ₱1,000.00 will be charged
the number of hours you spent on the tricycle fare in terms of the distance instead. Write a piecewise function
computer. d in kilometers C(g) that represents the charge according to
. GB used?

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