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    Expt 5.4

    Uploaded by

    Joel Catapang
    This document describes an electrical engineering activity on measuring and calculating impedance in parallel RC circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics by comparing calculated and measured values. Students will set up parallel RC circuits using a circuit board, function generator and oscilloscope. They will calculate impedances, currents and phase angles, then measure these values and compare the results. Adding a second capacitor in parallel is expected to decrease total impedance and increase phase angle and current.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Expt 5.4

    Uploaded by

    Joel Catapang
    33 views6 pages
    This document describes an electrical engineering activity on measuring and calculating impedance in parallel RC circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics by comparing calculated and measured values. Students will set up parallel RC circuits using a circuit board, function generator and oscilloscope. They will calculate impedances, currents and phase angles, then measure these values and compare the results. Adding a second capacitor in parallel is expected to decrease total impedance and increase phase angle and current.

    Original Description:

    IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS: PARALLEL RC CIRCUITS

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    This document describes an electrical engineering activity on measuring and calculating impedance in parallel RC circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics by comparing calculated and measured values. Students will set up parallel RC circuits using a circuit board, function generator and oscilloscope. They will calculate impedances, currents and phase angles, then measure these values and compare the results. Adding a second capacitor in parallel is expected to decrease total impedance and increase phase angle and current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views6 pages

    Expt 5.4

    Uploaded by

    Joel Catapang
    This document describes an electrical engineering activity on measuring and calculating impedance in parallel RC circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics by comparing calculated and measured values. Students will set up parallel RC circuits using a circuit board, function generator and oscilloscope. They will calculate impedances, currents and phase angles, then measure these values and compare the results. Adding a second capacitor in parallel is expected to decrease total impedance and increase phase angle and current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    ACTIVITY 5D

    IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS: PARALLEL RC CIRCUITS

    5D.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Activity

    b. ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data
    d. ability to function on multidisciplinary teams
    e. ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
    g. ability to communicate effectively

    5D.2 Activity’s Intended Learning Outcomes (AILOs)


    At the end of this activity, the student shall be able to:
    a. measure properly the voltage and current in a parallel RC circuit.
    b. calculate the voltage and current in a parallel RC circuit.
    c. evaluate results by comparing measured and calculated values.

    5D.3 Objectives of the Activity


    The objectives of this activity are to:
    1. determine the characteristics of parallel RC circuits by using calculated and measured
    values.

    2. verify the results with an oscilloscope.

    5D.4 Principle of the Activity

    Just as with inductors in parallel, the total capacitive reactance of capacitors in parallel is
    found from the reciprocal formula.
    1
    X CT =
    1 1 1
    + + + ...
    X C1 X C 2 X C 3

    When just two capacitors are in parallel, total capacitive reactance is the product over the
    sum.
    X C1 + X C 2
    X CT =
    X C1 + X C 2

    Capacitive reactances decreases as the number of capacitors in parallel increases, resulting


    in a higher circuit and lower circuit impedance. Because the capacitive reactance decrease,

    ACTIVITY 5.4: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


    more current flows the reactive branch of the circuit, so the phase angle between the applied
    voltage and circuit current increases.
    The voltage across each component in a parallel RC circuit is the same. Figure 3.2-1 shows
    parallel RC circuit. The total capacitive reactance is found as follows.
    X C1 + X C 2
    X CT =
    X C1 + X C 2
    2000 x 1200
    X CT =
    2000 + 1200
    X CT = 750

    The total resistance equals R1.


    RT = R1 = 500 Ω
    With total resistive and reactive elements known, the circuit is simplified to a parallel RC
    circuit consisting of two distinct branches – one resistive branch and one reactive branch.
    Figure 3.2-2 shows the simplified RC circuit.

    Figure 3.2-1

    Figure 3.2-2

    The individual branch currents are determined from the applied voltage (Vac), the branch
    impedances, and Ohm’s law. The current flowing through the resistive branch (IR) of the
    circuit is 20 mApk-pk.
    Vac 10
    IR = = = 0.02 A pk- pk (20 mA pk- pk )
    RT 500

    The current through the capacitive branch (Ic) is 13.3 mApk-pk.


    Vac 10
    IC = = = 0.0133 A pk- pk (13.3 mA pk- pk )
    X CT 750

    ACTIVITY 5.4: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


    Total circuit current (LT) is 24 mApk-pk.

    IT = I R2 + I C2 = (20mA) 2 + (13.3mA) 2 = 24 mA pk- pk

    Finally, you can determine the circuit impedance from Vac, IT’ and Ohm’s law.

    VAC 10V pk − pk
    Z= = = 0.417 k(417)
    IT 24mApk − pk

    Z = Vac/
    5D.5 Materials/Equipment

    1 – F.A.C.E.T. Base Unit


    1 – AC 1 FUNDAMENTALS Circuit Board
    2 – 15Vdc Power Suppply
    1 – Oscilloscope, dual trace
    1 – Generator, sine wave

    5D.6 Procedure/s
    1. Using multisim connect the circuit shown in Figure 3.2-3 (be sure to short R1 and R2
    with two-post connectors). Adjust VGEN for a 10 Vpk-pk, 1kHz, sine wave.

    Figure 3.2-3

    2. Calculate XCT and RT. Record your results in Table 3.2-1.

    3. Calculate the current flowing through C4 (IC =VGEN / XCT) and R3 (IR =VGEN/RT).
    Record your results in Table 3.2-1

    XCT RT IC IR IT (calculated) IT (measured)

    Table 3.2-1.

    ACTIVITY 5.4: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


    4. Using branch currents IC and IR’ calculate the total circuit current (I). Record your
    results in Table 3.2-1. [ IT (calculated ) = I R2 + I C2 ] IT =________ A

    5. Measure circuit current (IT) by placing a current-sensing resistor R2 with a value of


    1ohm on the circuit. Record your result in Table 3.2-1. Do the calculated and
    measured values of IT agree [IT(measured) = VR2/R2]? IT = _______ A , _______

    6. Copy the values of XCT and IT (measured) from Table 3.2-1 to the first column in
    Table 3.2-2.

    PARALLEL RC PARALLEL RC
    CIRCUIT WITH CIRCUIT WITH
    SINGLE CAPACITOR (C4) 2 CAPACITOR (C4 & C3)

    XCT
    IT
    Z
    θ

    Table 3.2-2.

    7. Determine the circuit impedance (Z) by using the measured value of IT Table 3.2-1.
    Record your result in Table 3.2-2. (Z=VGEN/IT).

    8. Measure the phase single angel (θ) between the applied voltage (VGEN) and circuit
    current (represented by VR2). Record your result in Table 3.2-2.

    9. On the second setup add capacitor C3 with a value of (0.1μF) in parallel with the
    circuit. VGEN will retain for 10 Vpk-pk. Calculate the new value of XCT [XCT = (XC3 x
    XC4) / (XC3+ XC4)]. Record your result in Table 3.2-2 and below. Did the added
    parallel capacitor cause the total capacitive reactance to increase or to decrease?

    XCT = ______ Ω , _______

    10. Measure the new circuit current (IT). Record your result in Table 3.2-2. Did the
    circuit current increase or decrease with the added parallel capacitor (IT = VR2/R2)?
    IT = ______ A , _______

    ACTIVITY 5.4: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


    11. Use the value of VGEN and the value of IT that you measured in step 10 to determine
    the circuit impedance. Record your result in Table 3.2-2. Did the added parallel
    capacitor cause the circuit impedance to increase or to decrease?_______________.

    12. Measure the phase angle between VGEN and IT (VR2), and record your results in Table
    3.2-2. Did the added parallel capacitor cause the phase angle to increase or to
    decrease? ____________________________________________________________.

    Calculations

    Conclusion/s:

    ACTIVITY 5.4: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


    ACTIVITY 5.4: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS

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