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    Non-Traditional Machining and Automation: B.Tech. (4 Sem) Spring 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT Srinagar

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    Jatin prasad Tandan
    The document discusses computer numeric control (CNC) machines. It describes how CNC machines evolved from numeric control machines that used paper tapes, to using dedicated computers to control machine functions. The components of modern CNC systems including machine control units and numeric machines are identified. Advantages of CNC machines include reduced lead times and costs, as well as improved accuracy and repeatability. Applications of CNC machines include machining complex geometries and expensive parts requiring tight tolerances. CNC machines can also be classified based on their motion, control loops, number of axes, and power supply.

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    Non-Traditional Machining and Automation: B.Tech. (4 Sem) Spring 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT Srinagar

    Uploaded by

    Jatin prasad Tandan
    42 views17 pages
    The document discusses computer numeric control (CNC) machines. It describes how CNC machines evolved from numeric control machines that used paper tapes, to using dedicated computers to control machine functions. The components of modern CNC systems including machine control units and numeric machines are identified. Advantages of CNC machines include reduced lead times and costs, as well as improved accuracy and repeatability. Applications of CNC machines include machining complex geometries and expensive parts requiring tight tolerances. CNC machines can also be classified based on their motion, control loops, number of axes, and power supply.

    Original Description:

    Manufacturing

    Original Title

    Lecture 10

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    The document discusses computer numeric control (CNC) machines. It describes how CNC machines evolved from numeric control machines that used paper tapes, to using dedicated computers to control machine functions. The components of modern CNC systems including machine control units and numeric machines are identified. Advantages of CNC machines include reduced lead times and costs, as well as improved accuracy and repeatability. Applications of CNC machines include machining complex geometries and expensive parts requiring tight tolerances. CNC machines can also be classified based on their motion, control loops, number of axes, and power supply.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views17 pages

    Non-Traditional Machining and Automation: B.Tech. (4 Sem) Spring 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT Srinagar

    Uploaded by

    Jatin prasad Tandan
    The document discusses computer numeric control (CNC) machines. It describes how CNC machines evolved from numeric control machines that used paper tapes, to using dedicated computers to control machine functions. The components of modern CNC systems including machine control units and numeric machines are identified. Advantages of CNC machines include reduced lead times and costs, as well as improved accuracy and repeatability. Applications of CNC machines include machining complex geometries and expensive parts requiring tight tolerances. CNC machines can also be classified based on their motion, control loops, number of axes, and power supply.

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    of 17

    Non-Traditional Machining and

    Automation
    (MET 255)
    B.Tech. (4th Sem) Spring 2021
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    NIT Srinagar

    Course Incharge
    Dr. Noor Zaman Khan
    Course Outcomes
    At the end of the course, a student should be able to:

    • CO1: Analyze and access the importance of automation and industrial automated systems.

    • CO2: Identify and Analyze functions and functioning of CNC machines.

    • CO3: Recognize the need of non-traditional machining processes and understand the working of high energy
    beam machining.

    • CO4: Illustrate underlying mechanisms in non-traditional machining processes along with their applications
    Syllabus of Unit 2
    • Computer numeric control (CNC) machines

    • Open loop & closed loop CNC machines

    • Classification, advantages and applications of CNC machines

    • Introduction to CNC programming

    • G-codes and M-codes

    • Absolute and Incremental coordinate system

    • Adaptive control

    • Material Handling Equipment

    • Automated Guided vehicles (AGVs)

    • Analysis of AGVs
    Solution
    •
    Numeric Control Machine

    • Numeric control (NC): Built in 1950s , Use paper/magnetic tape

    • Computer Numeric Control (CNC): Built in 1970s, Single computer directly


    connected with a machine

    • Direct Numeric Control (DNC): Single computer can control no. of machines.
    Numeric Control

    • Numerical control (NC) refer to control of a machine or a process using


    symbolic codes consisting of characters and numerals .

    • A complete set of coded instructions for executing an operation is called


    a program.

    • The concept of NC was proposed in the late 1940s by John Parsons.

    • He recommended a method of automatic machine control that would


    guide a milling cutter to produce a curvilinear motion.
    Components of traditional NC systems

    • Tape punch
    • Tape reader
    • Controller
    • NC machine
    NC systems offer some advantages over manual production methods:

    1. Improved part quality and repeatability.

    2. Reduced tooling costs, tool wear, and job setup time.

    3. Reduced manufacturing lead time.

    4. Reduced scrap.

    5. Better control of tool motions.


    Computer Numeric Control

    • Computer numerical control (CNC) is the


    numerical control system in which a dedicated
    computer is built into the control to perform basic
    and advanced numeric control functions.
    • Examples
    • CNC Milling
    • CNC Lathe
    • CNC Plasma Cutter
    • CNC EDM.
    Components of modern CNC systems
    • Machine control unit
    • Numeric Machine
    Advantages of CNC compared with NC

    1. Reduction in the hardware necessary to add a machine function. New


    functions can be programmed into the MCU as software.
    2. The CNC program can be written, stored, and executed directly at the CNC
    machine.
    3. Any portion of an entered CNC program can be played back and edited.
    Tool motions can be electronically displayed upon playback.
    4. Many different CNC programs can be stored in the MCU.
    5. Several CNC machines can be linked together to a main computer. Programs
    written via the main computer can be downloaded to any CNC machine in
    the network. This is known as direct numerical control or DNC.
    6. The CNC program can be input from flash or floppy disks or downloaded
    from local area networks.
    Advantages of CNC Machines
    • Reduce lead time: Includes setting time, planning, operation.
    • Elimination of operator errors.
    • Lower labour cost
    • Longer tool life
    • Elimination of special jigs and fixtures.
    • Flexibility in parts design
    • Less scrap generation.
    • Savings in power consumption, since CNC machines produce parts with a
    minimum of motor idle time.
    • Reduced inspection time due to the CNC machine’s ability to produce parts
    with superior accuracy and repeatability.
    Disadvantages of CNC systems

    • CNC machines are generally more expensive than manually operated


    machines.

    • High maintenance cost

    • Fewer workers are required to operate CNC machines compared to


    manually operated machines which can lead to unemployment.

    • Skilled operator required.


    Direct numerical control
    • In DNC, several CNC machines can be linked
    together to a main computer. Programs written via
    the main computer can be downloaded to any
    CNC machine in the network.

    • In a Direct Numerical Control system (DNC), a


    mainframe computer is used to coordinate the
    simultaneous operations on a number of NC
    machines.
    Applications of CNC Machines
    • CNC mills and machining centers • Complex part geometry
    • CNC turning centers • Expensive products/parts
    • CNC electrical discharge machines
    • Tight tolerances
    • CNC grinding machines
    • Several operations needed on the parts
    • CNC cutting machines (laser, plasma,
    • Often changes in engineering design
    flame)

    • CNC welding machines • Parts process frequently in small lots.


    Classification of CNC Machines

    1. Classification based on the motion type.

    2. Classification based on the control loops.

    3. Classification based on the number of axes.

    4. Classification based on the power supply.


    Thank You

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